treatments-xml/data/03/85/87/038587C97472AA3B46D2F8C9FDFB05AD.xml

<document id="EE3A18DD6806DC81B768D3C2D2E9DFA9" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.1868.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175­5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5133591" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1627158332512" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Dennis, D. Steve, Barnes, Jeffrey K. &amp; Knutson, Lloyd" docDate="2008" docId="038587C97472AA3B46D2F8C9FDFB05AD" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01868p098.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1868 (1)" docSource="https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1868.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:C4791ACFF01C5C140D2C1A203DB3C9B0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.monograph" docStyleId="C4791ACFF01C5C140D2C1A203DB3C9B0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Laphria thoracica Fabricius 1805" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="32" masterDocId="FFBCFFB1746FAA244645FFF3FFED074F" masterDocTitle="Pupal cases of Nearctic robber flies (Diptera: Asilidae)" masterLastPageNumber="98" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="30" updateTime="1699021410005" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="FDEE33E57025CB643CD0EB94D0002A40">Pupal cases of Nearctic robber flies (Diptera: Asilidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A16352A85FBAF513F4F62B84FAD2EA84">Dennis, D. Steve</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6301813F0FBED0B4D25F97A4C367FFA2">Barnes, Jeffrey K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="45C1D8CA9CB9D7D4C36C0977E59EBA8D">Knutson, Lloyd</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="4C50A0A9B555CC7BF50DDBCF8F9C5356">2008</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="148935012AE8E38527A5BB60E7F521D5">1868</mods:number>
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<paragraph id="8B9336DF7472AA3946D2F8C9FE1D001B" blockId="29.[151,496,1850,1911]" box="[151,496,1850,1876]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<heading id="D0DB81B37472AA3946D2F8C9FE1D001B" bold="true" box="[151,496,1850,1876]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5C7472AA3946D2F8C9FE1D001B" ID-CoL="6NWHB" authority="Fabricius" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1805" box="[151,496,1850,1876]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Laphria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thoracica">
<emphasis id="B958EACD7472AA3946D2F8C9FE1D001B" bold="true" box="[151,496,1850,1876]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="B958EACD7472AA3946D2F8C9FE9F001B" bold="true" box="[151,370,1850,1876]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Laphria thoracica</emphasis>
Fabricius
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9336DF7472AA3946DBF8AEFEFB0038" blockId="29.[151,496,1850,1911]" box="[158,278,1885,1911]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
(
<figureCitation id="13172A5A7472AA3946E3F8AEFEE30038" box="[166,270,1885,1911]" captionStart="FIGURES 6–7" captionStartId="15.[151,269,1037,1061]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,501,978]" captionTargetId="figure-436@15.[151,1436,495,1027]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 6–7. Laphria thoracica Fabricius, abdominal segment 9, ventral view, 6. male, 7. female. Abbreviations: dpp = dorsal posterolateral process, vpp = ventral posterolateral process." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5133597" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5133597/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Figs 6–7</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336DF7472AA3A46D2F85EFD8805DD" blockId="29.[151,1434,1965,2031]" lastBlockId="30.[151,1439,152,2018]" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
The description of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5C7472AA3947E9F85EFD680089" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1805" box="[428,645,1965,1990]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Laphria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thoracica">
<emphasis id="B958EACD7472AA3947E9F85EFD680089" box="[428,645,1965,1990]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Laphria thoracica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
pupal case is based on the following specimens from the 
<collectingCountry id="F33B764F7472AA39430EF85EFF3100A0" name="United States of America" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">United States</collectingCountry>
National Museum: 
<specimenCount id="9D2AFD567472AA394782F826FDDA00A0" box="[455,567,2005,2031]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="male">four male</specimenCount>
cases without associated adults labeled &quot;Stamford, Conn.; 
<date id="FF92101F7472AA3942ABF826FA7800A0" box="[1262,1429,2005,2031]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="1931-06-11">June 11, 1931</date>
; B.T.R. Lab. Col.; from hollow apple tree; S.W. Bromley Collection 1955&quot;; 
<specimenCount id="9D2AFD567471AA3A424CFF6BFB9B07FD" box="[1033,1142,152,178]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="male">two male</specimenCount>
cases without associated adults labeled &quot;Chautauqua Co., N.Y.; 
<date id="FF92101F7471AA3A441AFF33FD370795" box="[607,730,192,218]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" value="1934-06">June 1934</date>
; collector S. Bromley; S.W. Bromley Collection 1955&quot;; 
<specimenCount id="9D2AFD567471AA3A4337FF33FF3D064D" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="male">one male</specimenCount>
case with associated adult labeled &quot; 
<quantity id="4CD49B3A7471AA3A44CDFF1BFD39064D" box="[648,724,232,258]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="9.684" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="g" value="9684.0">9684g</quantity>
Hopk. 
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&quot;; one case with associated adult male labeled &quot;Falls Church, VA.; reared May 11­14; C.T. Greene; 
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5C7471AA3A4548FEE3FC450666" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" box="[781,936,272,297]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Liriodendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B958EACD7471AA3A4548FEE3FC450666" box="[781,936,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Liriodendron</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 10490a Hopk. 
<collectingCountry id="F33B764F7471AA3A422CFEE3FB720665" box="[1129,1183,272,298]" name="United States of America" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">U.S.</collectingCountry>
; C.T. Greene Collector&quot;; 
<specimenCount id="9D2AFD567471AA3A4691FECBFEAF061D" box="[212,322,312,338]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="male">two male</specimenCount>
cases with associated adults labeled &quot; Falls Church, VA; May 10­15; 
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5C7471AA3A42C6FECBFA7E061E" box="[1155,1427,312,337]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Liriodendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tulipifera">
<emphasis id="B958EACD7471AA3A42C6FECBFA7E061E" box="[1155,1427,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Liriodendron tulipifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 12957 Hopk. 
<collectingCountry id="F33B764F7471AA3A477AFE93FE980635" box="[319,373,352,378]" name="United States of America" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">U.S.</collectingCountry>
; reared C.T. Greene; T.E. Snyder Colr.&quot;; 
<specimenCount id="9D2AFD567471AA3A4534FE93FC1A0635" box="[881,1015,352,378]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="female">one female</specimenCount>
case with associated adult labeled &quot;Falls Church, Va., reared May 26­14, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5C7471AA3A4420FE7BFCED06EE" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" box="[613,768,392,417]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Liriodendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B958EACD7471AA3A4420FE7BFCED06EE" box="[613,768,392,417]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Liriodendron</emphasis>
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, 10490a Hopk. 
<collectingCountry id="F33B764F7471AA3A4585FE7BFC1206ED" box="[960,1023,392,418]" name="United States of America" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">U. S.</collectingCountry>
, C.T. Greene, colr., C. T. Greene&quot;; 
<specimenCount id="9D2AFD567471AA3A46D2FE43FEF40685" box="[151,281,432,458]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="female">one female</specimenCount>
case with pinned adult labeled “Fleetwood, N.Y.; May 14­33; C.L. Ragot; larva taken in decayed stump May 14, emerged on May 19­33; S.W. Bromley Collection 1955&quot;; 
<specimenCount id="9D2AFD567471AA3A4242FE2BFB6706BD" box="[1031,1162,472,498]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="female">one female</specimenCount>
case with pinned adult labeled &quot;Westerleigh, N.Y.; 
<date id="FF92101F7471AA3A47A0FDF3FD9E0555" box="[485,627,512,538]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" value="1928-06-12">VI­12­1928</date>
; N.T. Davis; recently emerged from pupa skin in stump; S.W. Bromley Collection 1955&quot;; and 
<specimenCount id="9D2AFD567471AA3A47AFFDDBFDB5050D" box="[490,600,552,578]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="male">two male</specimenCount>
cases with pinned adults labeled &quot;Ingham Co. [
<collectingRegion id="49E8F83D7471AA3A42D1FDDBFAE3050D" box="[1172,1294,552,578]" country="United States of America" name="Michigan" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Michigan</collectingRegion>
]; T2N R1E, S33, Danville State Game Area; on 
<date id="FF92101F7471AA3A447BFDA3FD0B0525" box="[574,742,592,618]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" value="1965-05-13">May 13, 1965</date>
; Norman Baker.&quot; The pupal case of this species was previously described by C.T. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B2E7471AA3A47F1FD8BFD8C05DD" author="Greene, C. T." box="[436,609,632,658]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="146 - 161" refId="ref53625" refString="Greene, C. T. (1917) A contribution to the biology of North American Diptera. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 19, 146 - 161." type="journal article" year="1917">Greene (1917)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336DF7471AA3A4680FD53FD7204CD" blockId="30.[151,1439,152,2018]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
Description: Greatest length, including anterior antennal processes, 
<specimenCount id="9D2AFD567471AA3A45B0FD6CFBE405FC" box="[1013,1033,671,691]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
16.5–22.0 mm, 
<specimenCount id="9D2AFD567471AA3A428AFD6CFB0E05FC" box="[1231,1251,671,691]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
19.0– 
<quantity id="4CD49B3A7471AA3A436EFD53FA7A05F5" box="[1323,1431,672,698]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.05" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="20.5">20.5 mm</quantity>
; greatest width of thorax, 
<specimenCount id="9D2AFD567471AA3A47FFFD34FE230594" box="[442,462,711,731]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
4.0–6.0 mm, 
<specimenCount id="9D2AFD567471AA3A4435FD34FD690594" box="[624,644,711,731]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
6.0 mm; greatest width of abdomen, 
<specimenCount id="9D2AFD567471AA3A4273FD34FBA70594" box="[1078,1098,711,731]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
4.0–5.0 mm, 
<specimenCount id="9D2AFD567471AA3A42A8FD34FAEC0594" box="[1261,1281,711,731]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
5.0– 
<quantity id="4CD49B3A7471AA3A4379FD3BFA7A05AD" box="[1340,1431,712,738]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="5.5">5.5 mm</quantity>
, tapering to 
<specimenCount id="9D2AFD567471AA3A4767FD1CFEDB044C" box="[290,310,751,771]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
2.0–3.0 mm and 
<specimenCount id="9D2AFD567471AA3A444CFD1CFDF0044C" box="[521,541,751,771]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
3.0 mm at greatest width of abdominal segment 8. Integument subshining, dark golden brown; posterior part of wing and leg sheaths, head, dorsum of thorax, and anterior part of abdomen sometimes darker; spines and other processes glistening reddish brown, generally darker apically; bristlelike spines mostly uniformly reddish brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336DF7471AA3A4680FC63FCAF03A5" blockId="30.[151,1439,152,2018]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Head with pair of dorsally rounded, ventrally wedge­shaped, basally rugose, anterior antennal processes not joined at base, and group of 4 basally fused posterior antennal processes curving and becoming shorter posteriorly; inner posterior process longer than and separated from outer posterior processes by rounded to flat, smooth to rugose area; outer 2 posterior processes fused for greater distance than other processes. Facial area often rugose on each side of midline; some cases with 1–3 small spines and longer spine posterolateral to outer posterior antennal process. Labral, proboscial, and maxillary sheaths smooth and elongate. Proboscial sheath with slight median furrow and median posterior callosity or tubercle. Maxillary sheath extending about two­thirds length of proboscial sheath; pair of callosities or tubercles sometimes overhanging anterior coxal sheath lateral to longitudinal split of anterior coxal sheath.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336DF7471AA3A4680FB0BFEFB011D" blockId="30.[151,1439,152,2018]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Anterior coxal sheath smooth, with anterior, median, longitudinal split sometimes extending to posterior sheath margin. Prothoracic spiracle oval or round, situated midlaterally on small, reddish­brown, often rugose callosity at anterior margin of thorax. Anterior mesothoracic spines on side of thorax above base of mid leg sheath consisting of inner or anterior pair of short, basally broad, fused, posteriorly curved spines and single outer or posterior broad, straight spine widely separated from anterior pair. Posterior mesothoracic callosity slight, with short, broad, apically rounded and sclerotized posterior mesothoracic spine at base of wing sheath. Wing sheath smooth, with elongate grooves, lacking median or basal tubercles. Thoracic area above wing sheath smooth to slightly rugulose. Apex of hind leg sheath reaching middle or posterior portion of abdominal segment 3.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336DF7471AA3A4680F993FAF80135" blockId="30.[151,1439,152,2018]" box="[197,1301,1632,1658]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Abdominal spiracles oval or round, reddish brown, on slight swellings along midline laterally.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336DF7471AA3A4680F97BFD2F0055" blockId="30.[151,1439,152,2018]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Abdominal segment 1 with dorsal transverse row of 34–52 short, stout spines; median pair of spines and some other spines longer than adjacent spines so that 3–8 short spines alternate with 1 longer spine; usually 6– 8 indistinct, short dorsolateral bristle­like spines on each side; 6–10 lateral bristle­like spines behind each spiracle; venter obscured by wing and leg sheaths.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336DF7471AA3A4680F8DBFBF500DD" blockId="30.[151,1439,152,2018]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Segments 2–5 with dorsal spines forming slight peak with 1–5 long spines at peak pointing anteriorly. Segments 2–7 with 28–52, 27–43, 21–37, 10–31 (usually 23–31), 11–17, and 6–16 (usually 10–16) spines, respectively. Segments 2–5 often with 3–8 short spines between long spines.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336DF7471AA3A4680F853FDC900AD" blockId="30.[151,1439,152,2018]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Segments 6–7 similar to segments 2–5 or with mostly long spines, often median pair of short spines farther apart than on other segments.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336DF7470AA3B4680FF6BFE63061D" blockId="31.[151,1437,152,738]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Segments 2–7 with 5–15 dorsolateral bristle­like spines on each side, posterior segments usually with fewer spines; 4–12 lateral bristle­like spines behind each spiracle consisting of 2–3 longer and thicker bristlelike spines, mostly toward venter, alternating with short, thin bristle­like spines and 1–3 short, thin outer bristle­like spines especially toward dorsal surface. Segment 7 with lateral bristle­like spines of about equal length and thickness.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336DF7470AA3B4680FE93FE960555" blockId="31.[151,1437,152,738]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Segment 2 with 6–14 ventral bristle­like spines on each side of and extending under hind leg sheath. Segments 3–7 with ventral transverse row of 14–32 bristle­like spines; spines becoming longer and thicker on posterior segments; some bristle­like spines shorter than others; sometimes 2 bristle­like spines issuing from common base. Segments 3–4 often with wider median space in ventral rows of bristle­like spines than more posterior segments.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336DF7470AA3B4680FDDBFDFB05AD" blockId="31.[151,1437,152,738]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Segments 8–9 curved downward. Segment 8 with 1 large, dorsal, sometimes bifurcate spine on each side of midline; small reddish­brown spiracle at lateral midline; lacking dorsolateral, lateral, and ventral spines. Segment 9 with pair of short dorsomedian tubercles, dorsal posterolateral processes curved toward midline, rugose, dorsally curved ventral posterolateral processes, and pair of very large ventral, posteriorly pointed, basally rugose tubercles in male.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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