119 lines
16 KiB
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119 lines
16 KiB
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<document id="2AD3E5096529D79A6569030FBC1BE39C" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.1868.1.1" ID-ISSN="11755334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5133591" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1627158332512" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Dennis, D. Steve, Barnes, Jeffrey K. & Knutson, Lloyd" docDate="2008" docId="038587C97450AA6546D2FA64FC380305" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01868p098.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1868 (1)" docSource="https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1868.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:C4791ACFF01C5C140D2C1A203DB3C9B0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.monograph" docStyleId="C4791ACFF01C5C140D2C1A203DB3C9B0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Promachus fitchii Osten Sacken 1878" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="66" masterDocId="FFBCFFB1746FAA244645FFF3FFED074F" masterDocTitle="Pupal cases of Nearctic robber flies (Diptera: Asilidae)" masterLastPageNumber="98" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="64" updateTime="1699021410005" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="2F18AFEDC7177BD06ED89F2D4081C408">Pupal cases of Nearctic robber flies (Diptera: Asilidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="EA3EBB7A909AC507C8124F7C4877E17D">Dennis, D. Steve</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B355A13F94491177C05A2EE43C6D255A">Barnes, Jeffrey K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E37C57F57FB144C6AB6575726607D216">Knutson, Lloyd</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="1B90FB4B0461DF80BFB511B19E73D7F1">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="7C2DF91D3009FF2779A0845A087C0830">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="43441CC84EBB0DDC47C1E37D6562629E">
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<mods:date id="3CF10B421D16268ADBB83B1494ADF52F">2008</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="7CC728C82BC9BFE29C57C7D799D63FEA">2008-09-03</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="369481F72B67B74B2099F9AFA73D0962">1868</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="7D9F3CDA8F3D2CE933657F44BA64B3F3">https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1868.1.1</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="8080B6DD58EED49F3C2167462E71D0F1">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="E2CFA18624897B8ABDF19ED84F70C018" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.1868.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="38B714B354AD65ACDD2BF1213B75DF1C" type="ISSN">11755334</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="038587C97450AA6546D2FA64FC380305" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5133823" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5133823" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038587C97450AA6546D2FA64FC380305" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038587C97450AA6546D2FA64FC380305" lastPageId="65" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
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<subSubSection id="C33665547450AA1B46D2FA64FDCF02FE" box="[151,546,1431,1457]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9336DF7450AA1B46D2FA64FDCF02FE" blockId="63.[151,546,1431,1492]" box="[151,546,1431,1457]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
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<heading id="D0DB81B37450AA1B46D2FA64FDCF02FE" bold="true" box="[151,546,1431,1457]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5C7450AA1B46D2FA64FDCF02FE" ID-CoL="4MS4Z" authority="Osten Sacken" authorityName="Osten Sacken" authorityYear="1878" box="[151,546,1431,1457]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Promachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fitchii">
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<emphasis id="B958EACD7450AA1B46D2FA64FDCF02FE" bold="true" box="[151,546,1431,1457]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
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<emphasis id="B958EACD7450AA1B46D2FA64FE9D02FE" bold="true" box="[151,368,1431,1457]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Promachus fitchii</emphasis>
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Osten Sacken
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33665547450AA6546D2FA49FC380305" lastPageId="65" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9336DF7450AA1B46D2FA49FF10029B" blockId="63.[151,546,1431,1492]" box="[151,253,1466,1492]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13172A5A7450AA1B46DAFA49FF18029B" box="[159,245,1466,1492]" captionStart="FIGURE 39" captionStartId="64.[151,255,1177,1201]" captionTargetBox="[179,1403,181,1132]" captionTargetId="figure-306@64.[153,1438,175,1136]" captionTargetPageId="64" captionText="FIGURE 39. Promachus fitchii Osten Sacken, abdominal segments 2–4, anterodorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5133632" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5133632/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Fig. 39</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9336DF7450AA1B46D2F9F9FF3A018B" blockId="63.[151,1439,1546,1892]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
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The pupal case of
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5C7450AA1B4733F9F8FDA5016B" authorityName="Osten Sacken" authorityYear="1878" box="[374,584,1547,1572]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Promachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fitchii">
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<emphasis id="B958EACD7450AA1B4733F9F8FDA5016B" box="[374,584,1547,1572]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Promachus fitchii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was described previously by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B2E7450AA1B45EAF9F9FB8C016B" author="Malloch, J. R." box="[943,1121,1546,1572]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" pagination="66 - 68" refId="ref55133" refString="Malloch, J. R. (1916) A comparison of the pupae of Promachus vertebratus and Promachus fitchi. Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society, 11, 66 - 68." type="journal article" year="1916">Malloch (1916</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B2E7450AA1B4235F9F9FB43016B" author="Malloch, J. R." box="[1136,1198,1546,1572]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" pagination="161 - 409" refId="ref55167" refString="Malloch, J. R. (1917) A preliminary classification of Diptera, exclusive of Pupipara, based upon larval and pupal characters, with keys to imagines in certain families. Part 1. Bulletin of the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History, 12, 161 - 409." type="journal article" year="1917">1917</bibRefCitation>
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),
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B2E7450AA1B4280F9F9FA89016B" author="Davis, J. J." box="[1221,1380,1546,1572]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" pagination="53 - 133" refId="ref52696" refString="Davis, J. J. (1919) Contributions to a knowledge of the natural enemies of Phyllophaga. Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin, 13, 53 - 133." type="journal article" year="1919">Davis (1919)</bibRefCitation>
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, and
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B2E7450AA1B46D2F9C1FEB50103" author="Bromley, S. W." box="[151,344,1586,1612]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" pagination="1 - 48" refId="ref52059" refString="Bromley, S. W. (1946) Guide to the insects of Connecticut. Part VI. The Diptera or true flies of Connecticut. Third Fascicle. Asilidae. Bulletin of the Connecticut State Geological and Natural History Survey Bulletin, 69, 1 - 48." type="journal article" year="1946">Bromley (1946)</bibRefCitation>
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. A more complete description is presented here based on two cases with pinned adult males from the
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<collectingCountry id="F33B764F7450AA1B4740F9A9FE49013B" box="[261,420,1626,1652]" name="United States of America" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">United States</collectingCountry>
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National Museum. These specimens are labeled "W. Springfield No. 915368; 18 VII 16," and "Madison, Wisc.; VI1217; Lafayette, Cage No. D252a; J.J. Davis Collector; Collection J.M. Aldrich."
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9336DF7450AA1B4680F921FC22002B" blockId="63.[151,1439,1546,1892]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
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Redescription: Greatest length, including anterior antennal processes, 19.0–
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<quantity id="4CD49B3A7450AA1B4217F921FB2F01A3" box="[1106,1218,1746,1772]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.45" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="24.5">24.5 mm</quantity>
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; greatest width of thorax 5.0–6.0 mm; greatest width of abdomen
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<quantity id="4CD49B3A7450AA1B44A7F909FC9A005B" box="[738,887,1786,1812]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="5.5" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="5.0" valueMax="5.5" valueMin="4.5">4.5–5.5 mm</quantity>
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, tapering to 2.5–3.0 mm at greatest width of abdominal segment 8. Integument subshining light yellow to golden brown; spines and other processes glistening reddish brown, darker apically; spurs uniformly reddish brown.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF536657742FAA6446D2FB6AFB8603FE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5133632" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5133632" box="[151,1131,1177,1201]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5133632/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" startId="64.[151,255,1177,1201]" targetBox="[179,1403,181,1132]" targetPageId="64">
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<paragraph id="8B9336DF742FAA6446D2FB6AFB8603FE" blockId="64.[151,1131,1177,1201]" box="[151,1131,1177,1201]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
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<emphasis id="B958EACD742FAA6446D2FB6AFECB03FE" bold="true" box="[151,294,1177,1201]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">FIGURE 39.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5C742FAA644768FB69FD6B03FE" authority="Osten Sacken" authorityName="Osten Sacken" authorityYear="1878" box="[301,646,1178,1201]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Promachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fitchii">
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<emphasis id="B958EACD742FAA644768FB69FE0703FE" box="[301,490,1178,1201]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Promachus fitchii</emphasis>
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Osten Sacken
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</taxonomicName>
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, abdominal segments 2–4, anterodorsal view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8B9336DF742FAA644680FB17FD380171" blockId="64.[151,1437,1252,1998]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Head with pair of dorsally flattened, ventrally slightly wedgeshaped anterior antennal processes not joined at base and group of 3 basally fused posterior antennal processes located ventrolaterally on each side; middle and outer posterior processes fused for greater distance, closer together, appearing shorter than inner process; middle and outer posterior processes rounded apically, inner or first posterior process more acute; outer or third posterior process slightly elbowed basally. Labral sheath rugose and with large keel posteriorly; keel with inverted Vshaped sclerotized ridge apically. Proboscial sheath rugose on each side of midline, with 2 subequal tubercles on each side and large, basally concave tubercle posteriorly; innermost tubercle sometimes concave apically. Maxillary sheath mostly smooth, with large, apically rounded, rugose process posteriorly; with small tubercles lateral to labral sheath.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9336DF742FAA644680F9BFFD2E0081" blockId="64.[151,1437,1252,1998]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Anterior coxal sheath mostly smooth or with slightly rugulose areas on margins, with anterior median, longitudinal split and small callosity on each side of midline just posterior to large proboscial sheath tubercle. Prothoracic spiracle on flush rugose area, situated midlaterally at anterior margin of thorax. Anterior mesothoracic spines consisting of pair of dorsoventrally flattened, subequal, apically curved spines on each side of thorax above bases of sheaths of mid legs; anterior spine broader basally and usually curved posteriorly; posterior spine straighter. Posterior mesothoracic callosity large, slightly rugose, with apically rounded posterior mesothoracic spine of variable length located medially on posterior margin. Wing sheath irregularly rugulose, with large, apically rounded tubercle near base and 2 minute median tubercles posteriorly. Thoracic area above wing sheath mostly smooth. Apex of hind leg sheath reaching between posterior margin of abdominal segment 2 and middle of abdominal segment 3.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9336DF742EAA654680FF6BFB5407FD" blockId="65.[151,1437,152,1098]" box="[197,1209,152,178]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Abdominal spiracles Cshaped, shining reddish brown, located along midline laterally.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9336DF742EAA654680FF33FEBC061D" blockId="65.[151,1437,152,1098]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Abdominal segment 1 with dorsal transverse row of 12–14 apically recurved spurs; most spurs subequal, with outermost spine on each side and 2 median spines onethird to onehalf as long as others; dorsolateral bristlelike spines absent; with 2–3 (usually 3) bristlelike spines behind spiracle; venter obscured by wing and leg sheaths.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9336DF742EAA654680FE93FCD50685" blockId="65.[151,1437,152,1098]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Segments 2–6 with dorsomedian transverse row of 11–14 alternating long, narrow, sagittate, straight to apically recurved spurs and short, broad, straight, bifurcate or multifurcate spines mostly in even row with large spurs; with 3–5 long dorsolateral bristlelike spines.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9336DF742EAA654680FE2BFDED0555" blockId="65.[151,1437,152,1098]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Segment 7 with dorsomedian transverse row of 10 alternating long, narrow spurs and short spines and 3–4 dorsolateral bristlelike spines.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9336DF742EAA654680FDDBFC020525" blockId="65.[151,1437,152,1098]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Segments 2–7 with 5–8 long, straight to curved bristlelike spines behind each spiracle; outermost spine on each side sometimes shorter than other spines; spines rarely bifurcate.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9336DF742EAA654680FD8BFE74047D" blockId="65.[151,1437,152,1098]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Segment 2 with 4–6 long, median, ventral bristlelike spines on each side of hind leg sheath; some inner spines shorter than others, presumably due to leg sheaths rubbing. Segments 3–6 with 14–20 long, median, ventral bristlelike spines in complete transverse row. Segment 7 with 11–14 ventral bristlelike spines; spines on segments 3–5 curved and bent; spines on segments 6–7 straight to apically recurved; some spines bifurcate or shorter than others.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9336DF742EAA654680FCB3FD1E04E5" blockId="65.[151,1437,152,1098]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Segment 8 with 1–2 dorsal spurs on each side of midline; small spiracle at lateral midline; lacking dorsolateral bristlelike spines; with 4–5 lateral bristlelike spines, usually in pairs on callosity, and 4 subequal median ventral bristlelike spines on large callosity.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9336DF742EAA654680FC4BFC380305" blockId="65.[151,1437,152,1098]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Segment 9 elongate, with pair of long, basally broad dorsal posterolateral processes and pair of small ventral posterolateral processes not fused basally to dorsal posterolateral processes; with 2 terminal median ventral tubercles just anterior to ventral posterolateral processes, small midventral tubercle, and pair of large tubercles anterior to ventromedian tubercles; venter rugose posteriorly.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |