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<document id="0577640CC170AE0884D3DF9D873F72B0" ID-CLB-Dataset="30036" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2018.432" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0a955b0b-5832-4c6d-87c3-b71ed8d1e8cc" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1251596" ID-ZooBank="1E34BC5C-15E3-42C3-A655-68857B1B23A2" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1527062573493" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Rossini, Michele, Vaz-De, Fernando Z. &amp; Zunino, Mario" docDate="2018" docId="038587C8B555FFB09336FBC5D494FCC7" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-432_rossini_vaz-de-mello_nunino.pdf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 432" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Onthophagus hircus Billberg 1815" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="9" masterDocId="FFBCFFB0B550FFB89173FFB8D51CF82E" masterDocTitle="Toward a comprehensive taxonomic revision of the “ hirculus ” group of American Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae)" masterLastPageNumber="21" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="6" updateTime="1698545084862" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="D4588FE52E055745B9E34FD7409F5AED">Toward a comprehensive taxonomic revision of the “ hirculus ” group of American Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1192F30C49EBC39F7A8D27643132B03B">Zunino, Mario</mods:namePart>
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<subSubSection id="C3366555B555FFBD9336FBC5D6F2FCB7" box="[581,1006,1149,1177]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B9336DEB555FFBD9336FBC5D6F2FCB7" blockId="5.[581,1006,1149,1212]" box="[581,1006,1149,1177]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<heading id="D0DB81B2B555FFBD9336FBC5D6F2FCB7" box="[581,1006,1149,1177]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5DB555FFBD9336FBC5D6F2FCB7" ID-CoL="7XN3N" authority="Billberg, 1815" authorityName="Billberg" authorityYear="1815" box="[581,1006,1149,1177]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hircus">
<emphasis id="B958EACCB555FFBD9336FBC5D622FCB6" bold="true" box="[581,830,1149,1176]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Onthophagus hircus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B2FB555FFBD9236FBC6D6F2FCB7" author="Billberg G. J." box="[837,1006,1150,1177]" journalOrPublisher="Nova Acta Regiae Societatis Scientiarum Upsaliensis" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="271 - 281" part="7" refId="ref8086" refString="Billberg G. J. 1815. Insecta ex ordine coleopterum descripta. Nova Acta Regiae Societatis Scientiarum Upsaliensis 7: 271 - 281." title="Insecta ex ordine coleopterum descripta" type="journal article" year="1815">Billberg, 1815</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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<subSubSection id="C3366555B555FFBD93C9FB19D666FC92" box="[698,890,1185,1212]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9336DEB555FFBD93C9FB19D666FC92" blockId="5.[581,1006,1149,1212]" box="[698,890,1185,1212]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<figureCitation id="13172A5BB555FFBD93C9FB19D666FC92" box="[698,890,1185,1212]" captionStart="Fig. 2" captionStartId="6.[189,232,1927,1953]" captionTargetBox="[200,1395,925,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[189,1398,914,1886]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 2. A–B. Dorsal habitus of the lectotype and paralectotype of Onthophagus hircus Billberg, 1815. C. Dorsal habitus of the lectotype of O. hirculus Mannerheim, 1829. D–E. Labels of the types of O. hircus Billberg, 1815. F. Labels of the type of O. hirculus Mannerheim, 1829." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1251600/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 2A–B, D–E</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3366555B555FFBD91CEFB5BD6FDFD0E" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B9336DEB555FFBD91CEFB5BD782FCD3" blockId="5.[189,993,1250,1312]" box="[189,670,1250,1277]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5DB555FFBD91CEFB5BD786FCD3" ID-CoL="7XN3N" authority="Billberg, 1815: 274" authorityName="Billberg" authorityPageNumber="274" authorityYear="1815" box="[189,666,1250,1277]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hircus">
<emphasis id="B958EACCB555FFBD91CEFB5BD4B6FCD3" box="[189,426,1251,1277]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Onthophagus hircus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B2FB555FFBD90C1FB5BD743FCD3" author="Billberg G. J." box="[434,607,1250,1277]" journalOrPublisher="Nova Acta Regiae Societatis Scientiarum Upsaliensis" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="271 - 281" part="7" refId="ref8086" refString="Billberg G. J. 1815. Insecta ex ordine coleopterum descripta. Nova Acta Regiae Societatis Scientiarum Upsaliensis 7: 271 - 281." title="Insecta ex ordine coleopterum descripta" type="journal article" year="1815">Billberg, 1815</bibRefCitation>
: 274
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336DEB555FFBD91CEFABED6FDFD0E" blockId="5.[189,993,1250,1312]" box="[189,993,1286,1312]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5DB555FFBD91CEFABED7C4FD0E" ID-CoL="7XN9S" authority="Mannerheim, 1829: 39" authorityName="Mannerheim" authorityPageNumber="39" authorityYear="1829" box="[189,728,1286,1312]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirculus">
<emphasis id="B958EACCB555FFBD91CEFABED4DDFD0E" box="[189,449,1286,1312]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Onthophagus hirculus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B2FB555FFBD90BAFABED7B0FD0E" author="Mannerheim C. G." box="[457,684,1286,1312]" journalOrPublisher="Nouveaux memoires de la Societe imperiale des naturalistes de Moscou" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="29 - 80" part="7" publicationUrl="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103533#page/61/mode/1up" refId="ref9281" refString="Mannerheim C. G. 1829. Description de quarante nouvelles especes de scarabeides du Bresil avec figures. Nouveaux memoires de la Societe imperiale des naturalistes de Moscou 7 (1): 29 - 80. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 103533 # page / 61 / mode / 1 up [accessed 28 Mar. 2018]." title="Description de quarante nouvelles especes de scarabeides du Bresil avec figures" type="journal article" year="1829">Mannerheim, 1829</bibRefCitation>
: 39
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B958EACCB555FFBD9390FABED64CFD0E" bold="true" box="[739,848,1286,1312]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26B57B7B555FFBD9390FABED64CFD0E" box="[739,848,1286,1312]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13172A5BB555FFBD9213FABED6C6FD0E" box="[864,986,1286,1312]" captionStart="Fig. 2" captionStartId="6.[189,232,1927,1953]" captionTargetBox="[200,1395,925,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[189,1398,914,1886]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 2. A–B. Dorsal habitus of the lectotype and paralectotype of Onthophagus hircus Billberg, 1815. C. Dorsal habitus of the lectotype of O. hirculus Mannerheim, 1829. D–E. Labels of the types of O. hircus Billberg, 1815. F. Labels of the type of O. hirculus Mannerheim, 1829." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1251600/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 2C, F</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3366555B555FFBD91CEFAFCD190FFC5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B9336DEB555FFBD91CEFAFCD1D9FF2B" blockId="5.[189,1399,1348,1798]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Regarding
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5DB555FFBD9030FAFCD7A0FD70" authority="Mannerheim, 1829" authorityName="Mannerheim" authorityYear="1829" box="[323,700,1348,1374]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirculus">
<emphasis id="B958EACCB555FFBD9030FAFCD4D6FD70" box="[323,458,1348,1374]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">O. hirculus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B2FB555FFBD90A5FAFCD7A0FD70" author="Mannerheim C. G." box="[470,700,1348,1374]" journalOrPublisher="Nouveaux memoires de la Societe imperiale des naturalistes de Moscou" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="29 - 80" part="7" publicationUrl="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103533#page/61/mode/1up" refId="ref9281" refString="Mannerheim C. G. 1829. Description de quarante nouvelles especes de scarabeides du Bresil avec figures. Nouveaux memoires de la Societe imperiale des naturalistes de Moscou 7 (1): 29 - 80. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 103533 # page / 61 / mode / 1 up [accessed 28 Mar. 2018]." title="Description de quarante nouvelles especes de scarabeides du Bresil avec figures" type="journal article" year="1829">Mannerheim, 1829</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, we found one female specimen at MZH whose original labels (
<figureCitation id="13172A5BB555FFBD9062FADFD474FDAF" box="[273,360,1383,1409]" captionStart="Fig. 2" captionStartId="6.[189,232,1927,1953]" captionTargetBox="[200,1395,925,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[189,1398,914,1886]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 2. A–B. Dorsal habitus of the lectotype and paralectotype of Onthophagus hircus Billberg, 1815. C. Dorsal habitus of the lectotype of O. hirculus Mannerheim, 1829. D–E. Labels of the types of O. hircus Billberg, 1815. F. Labels of the type of O. hirculus Mannerheim, 1829." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1251600/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
) led us to consider this singleton as a syntype of this species name. Indeed, the “Ménétr” label refers undoubtedly to the French ornithologist and entomologist Edouard Ménétriés. From December 1823 to January 1824, Ménétriés was recruited by Baron G.H. von de Langsdorff to collect specimens around Tijuco (Minas Gerais) and particularly across the Serra da Lapa (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B2FB555FFBD95E7FA69D06EFDC5" author="Mannerheim C. G." box="[1172,1394,1489,1515]" journalOrPublisher="Nouveaux memoires de la Societe imperiale des naturalistes de Moscou" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="29 - 80" part="7" publicationUrl="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103533#page/61/mode/1up" refId="ref9281" refString="Mannerheim C. G. 1829. Description de quarante nouvelles especes de scarabeides du Bresil avec figures. Nouveaux memoires de la Societe imperiale des naturalistes de Moscou 7 (1): 29 - 80. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 103533 # page / 61 / mode / 1 up [accessed 28 Mar. 2018]." title="Description de quarante nouvelles especes de scarabeides du Bresil avec figures" type="journal article" year="1829">Mannerheim 1829</bibRefCitation>
; see also
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B2FB555FFBD905AFA4DD4FCFE20" author="Papavero N." box="[297,480,1524,1551]" journalOrPublisher="Vol. I. Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1750 - 1905" publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.101715" refId="ref9826" refString="Papavero N. 1971. Essays on the History of Neotropical Dipterology, with Special Reference to Collectors (1750 - 1905). Vol. I. Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 101715" title="Essays on the History of Neotropical Dipterology, with Special Reference to Collectors" type="book chapter" year="1971">Papavero 1971</bibRefCitation>
). Although Mannerheim in the original description of
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5DB555FFBD950EFA4DD018FE20" authorityName="Mannerheim" authorityYear="1829" box="[1149,1284,1524,1551]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirculus">
<emphasis id="B958EACCB555FFBD950EFA4DD018FE20" box="[1149,1284,1524,1551]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">O. hirculus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
does not mention whether the specimens of the type series were collected by Ménétriés, he says the specimens were collected in Tijuco, which surely refers to the Arraial do Tejuco, the former name of the current municipality of Diamantina, Minas Gerais. According to
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B2FB555FFBD9200F9E7D120FE56" author="Papavero N." box="[883,1084,1630,1657]" journalOrPublisher="Vol. I. Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1750 - 1905" publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.101715" refId="ref9826" refString="Papavero N. 1971. Essays on the History of Neotropical Dipterology, with Special Reference to Collectors (1750 - 1905). Vol. I. Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 101715" title="Essays on the History of Neotropical Dipterology, with Special Reference to Collectors" type="book chapter" year="1971">Papavero (1971)</bibRefCitation>
, the material collected by Ménétriés, de Langsdorff and Moritz Rugenda (the artist of the expedition) was partly sent to the Museum of Berlin, while 6 boxes of natural history specimens were sent to the Academy of Science of Saint Petersburg. The specimens belonging to the type series of
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5DB555FFBD92D9F970D130FECC" authorityName="Mannerheim" authorityYear="1829" box="[938,1068,1736,1762]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirculus">
<emphasis id="B958EACCB555FFBD92D9F970D130FECC" box="[938,1068,1736,1762]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">O. hirculus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were then incorporated into Mannerheim’s personal collection, which is today deposited at MZH (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B2FB555FFBD9281F953D1A4FF2B" author="Horn W. &amp; Kahle I. &amp; Friese G. &amp; Gaedike R." box="[1010,1208,1771,1797]" journalOrPublisher="Akademie der Landwirtschaftswissenschaften der DDR, Berlin" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refId="ref8959" refString="Horn W., Kahle I., Friese G. &amp; Gaedike R. 1990. Collectiones entomologicae. Ein Kompendium uber den Verbleib entomologischer Sammlungen der Welt bis 1960. Teil I: A bis K; Teil II: L bis Z. Akademie der Landwirtschaftswissenschaften der DDR, Berlin." title="Collectiones entomologicae. Ein Kompendium uber den Verbleib entomologischer Sammlungen der Welt bis 1960. Teil I: A bis K; Teil II: L bis Z" type="book" year="1990">
Horn
<emphasis id="B958EACCB555FFBD9544F954D16EFF2B" box="[1079,1138,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al.</emphasis>
1990
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336DEB555FFBD91CEF891D6D6FF48" blockId="5.[189,1398,1833,1895]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
While the description of
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5DB555FFBD9092F892D778FF6D" authorityName="Mannerheim" authorityYear="1829" box="[481,612,1833,1860]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirculus">
<emphasis id="B958EACCB555FFBD9092F892D778FF6D" box="[481,612,1833,1860]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">O. hirculus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was based on at least one male and one female, we have so far not been able to find any male specimen attributable to the type series.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336DEB555FFBD91CEF832D190FFC5" blockId="5.[189,1399,1930,2027]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Thus, to preserve the nomenclatural stability for these species names, we designate as the lectotype of
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5DB555FFBD91CEF816D436FFE9" authorityName="Billberg" authorityYear="1815" box="[189,298,1965,1992]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hircus">
<emphasis id="B958EACCB555FFBD91CEF816D436FFE9" box="[189,298,1965,1992]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">O. hircus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the male belonging to the syntypic series, while the female is labelled as paralectotype. The only known surviving type specimen of
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5DB555FFBD93E5F869D604FFC5" authorityName="Mannerheim" authorityYear="1829" box="[662,792,2001,2027]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirculus">
<emphasis id="B958EACCB555FFBD93E5F869D604FFC5" box="[662,792,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">O. hirculus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is here designated as lectotype.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3366555B556FFBF91CEFEB3D663F943" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B9336DEB556FFBE91CEFEB3D4B6F90B" blockId="6.[189,426,267,293]" box="[189,426,267,293]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<heading id="D0DB81B2B556FFBE91CEFEB3D4B6F90B" bold="true" box="[189,426,267,293]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B958EACCB556FFBE91CEFEB3D4B6F90B" bold="true" box="[189,426,267,293]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<materialsCitation id="3B443C83B556FFBE9199FE82D15FF993" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1845007473" collectionCode="NHRS" country="Brazil" determinerName="F. Z. Vazde-Mello" location="Rio Janeiro" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" specimenCode="JLKB 000021091" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
<paragraph id="8B9336DEB556FFBE9199FE82D758F97A" blockId="6.[189,1399,313,446]" box="[234,580,313,340]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B958EACCB556FFBE9199FE82D46DF97A" bold="true" box="[234,369,314,340]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<typeStatus id="5497887CB556FFBE9199FE82D46DF97A" box="[234,369,314,340]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="lectotype">Lectotypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
(
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26B57B7B556FFBE90F2FE81D727F97A" box="[385,571,313,340]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">here designated</taxonomicNameLabel>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336DEB556FFBE91CEFEE5D15FF993" blockId="6.[189,1399,313,446]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<collectingCountry id="F33B764EB556FFBE91CEFEE5D430F959" box="[189,300,349,375]" name="Brazil" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
:
<specimenCount id="9D2AFD57B556FFBE9047FEE5D450F959" box="[308,332,349,375]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5DB556FFBE9024FEE5D75FF959" authorityName="Billberg" authorityYear="1815" box="[343,579,349,375]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hircus">
<emphasis id="B958EACCB556FFBE9024FEE5D75FF959" box="[343,579,349,375]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Onthophagus hircus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED3DAE1BB556FFBE9322FEE5D7B9F959" box="[593,677,349,375]" collectionName="Sweden, Stockholm, Naturhistoriska riksmuseet" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">NHRS</collectionCode>
), [
<location id="8EF36005B556FFBE93CDFEE4D655F958" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038587C8B555FFB09336FBC5D494FCC7:8EF36005B556FFBE93CDFEE4D655F958" box="[702,841,348,374]" country="Brazil" name="Rio Janeiro" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Rio Janeiro</location>
,
<location id="8EF36005B556FFBE9221FEE4D6B2F958" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038587C8B555FFB09336FBC5D494FCC7:8EF36005B556FFBE9221FEE4D6B2F958" box="[850,942,348,374]" country="Brazil" name="Kymell" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Kymell</location>
. (handwritten on white label)], [NHRS-
<specimenCode id="DB8A9EA5B556FFBE91CEFE38D491F9B4" box="[189,397,384,410]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">JLKB 000021091</specimenCode>
(printed on white label)], [LECTOTYPE,
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5DB556FFBE920AFE38D1D2F9B4" authority="Billberg" authorityName="Billberg" authorityYear="1815" box="[889,1230,384,410]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hircus">
<emphasis id="B958EACCB556FFBE920AFE38D179F9B4" box="[889,1125,384,410]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Onthophagus hircus</emphasis>
Billberg
</taxonomicName>
, des.
<determinerName id="7E4FDA1AB556FFBE947EFE38D430F993" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">F.Z. Vazde-Mello</determinerName>
, 2013, ♂ (printed and handwritten on red label with black border)].
</paragraph>
</materialsCitation>
<paragraph id="8B9336DEB556FFBE91CEFE5DD7E2FAA2" blockId="6.[189,1398,484,652]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<materialsCitation id="3B443C83B556FFBE91CEFE5DD7E6FAA2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1890538112" collectionCode="MZH" country="Brazil" determinerName="F. Z. Vaz-de-Mello" location="Brasilia" municipality="Brasilia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Minas Gerais">
<collectingCountry id="F33B764EB556FFBE91CEFE5DD430F9D1" box="[189,300,485,511]" name="Brazil" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
:
<specimenCount id="9D2AFD57B556FFBE9048FE5DD44DF9D1" box="[315,337,485,511]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5DB556FFBE9016FE5CD773F9D0" authorityName="Mannerheim" authorityYear="1829" box="[357,623,484,510]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirculus">
<emphasis id="B958EACCB556FFBE9016FE5CD773F9D0" box="[357,623,484,510]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Onthophagus hirculus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED3DAE1BB556FFBE93F0FE5DD7D6F9D1" box="[643,714,485,511]" collectionName="MZH" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">MZH</collectionCode>
), [Ménétr. (printed in italics on white label)], [
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF7ACA4B556FFBE9462FE5CD06EF9D0" box="[1297,1394,484,510]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Brasilia</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingRegion id="49E8F83CB556FFBE91CEFDB0D447FA0C" box="[189,347,520,546]" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
(handwritten on cream label)], [♀ (handwritten on cream label)], [
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5DB556FFBE9502FDB0D4BCFA6B" authority="Mannerheim, 1829" authorityName="Mannerheim" authorityYear="1829" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirculus">
<emphasis id="B958EACCB556FFBE9502FDB0D06AFA0C" box="[1137,1398,520,546]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Onthophagus hirculus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B2FB556FFBE91CEFD93D4BCFA6B" author="Mannerheim C. G." box="[189,416,555,581]" journalOrPublisher="Nouveaux memoires de la Societe imperiale des naturalistes de Moscou" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="29 - 80" part="7" publicationUrl="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103533#page/61/mode/1up" refId="ref9281" refString="Mannerheim C. G. 1829. Description de quarante nouvelles especes de scarabeides du Bresil avec figures. Nouveaux memoires de la Societe imperiale des naturalistes de Moscou 7 (1): 29 - 80. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 103533 # page / 61 / mode / 1 up [accessed 28 Mar. 2018]." title="Description de quarante nouvelles especes de scarabeides du Bresil avec figures" type="journal article" year="1829">Mannerheim, 1829</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(printed on white label)], [ID code, http://id.luomus.fi/GL.581 (printed on white label)], [LECTOTYPE,
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5DB556FFBE90A8FDF6D69FFA46" authority="Mann., 1829" authorityName="Mannerheim" authorityYear="1829" box="[475,899,590,617]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirculus">
<emphasis id="B958EACCB556FFBE90A8FDF6D7FDFA46" box="[475,737,590,616]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Onthophagus hirculus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B2FB556FFBE9399FDF7D69FFA46" author="Mannerheim C. G." box="[746,899,590,617]" journalOrPublisher="Nouveaux memoires de la Societe imperiale des naturalistes de Moscou" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="29 - 80" part="7" publicationUrl="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103533#page/61/mode/1up" refId="ref9281" refString="Mannerheim C. G. 1829. Description de quarante nouvelles especes de scarabeides du Bresil avec figures. Nouveaux memoires de la Societe imperiale des naturalistes de Moscou 7 (1): 29 - 80. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 103533 # page / 61 / mode / 1 up [accessed 28 Mar. 2018]." title="Description de quarante nouvelles especes de scarabeides du Bresil avec figures" type="journal article" year="1829">Mann., 1829</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, ♀, des.
<determinerName id="7E4FDA1AB556FFBE929DFDF7D1D5FA46" box="[1006,1225,590,617]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">F.Z. Vaz-de-Mello</determinerName>
, 2014 (printed and handwritten on red label with black border)]
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<materialsCitation id="3B443C83B556FFBE9199FD0BD1C5FB19" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1890538113" collectionCode="NHRS" country="Brazil" determinerName="F. Z. Vaz-de-Mello" location="Kymell" municipality="Rio Janei" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" specimenCode="JLKB 000021092" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="paralectotype">
<paragraph id="8B9336DEB556FFBE9199FD0BD48BFAE3" blockId="6.[189,1399,691,823]" box="[234,407,691,717]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B958EACCB556FFBE9199FD0BD48BFAE3" bold="true" box="[234,407,691,717]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<typeStatus id="5497887CB556FFBE9199FD0BD48BFAE3" box="[234,407,691,717]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="paralectotype">Paralectotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336DEB556FFBE91CEFD6ED1C5FB19" blockId="6.[189,1399,691,823]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<collectingCountry id="F33B764EB556FFBE91CEFD6ED430FADE" box="[189,300,726,752]" name="Brazil" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
:
<specimenCount id="9D2AFD57B556FFBE9045FD6ED450FADE" box="[310,332,726,752]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5DB556FFBE9029FD6ED75BFADE" authorityName="Billberg" authorityYear="1815" box="[346,583,726,752]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hircus">
<emphasis id="B958EACCB556FFBE9029FD6ED75BFADE" box="[346,583,726,752]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Onthophagus hircus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED3DAE1BB556FFBE9325FD6ED7B6FADE" box="[598,682,726,752]" collectionName="Sweden, Stockholm, Naturhistoriska riksmuseet" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">NHRS</collectionCode>
), [
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF7ACA4B556FFBE93B6FD6ED620FADE" box="[709,828,726,752]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Rio Janei</collectingMunicipality>
.,
<location id="8EF36005B556FFBE9238FD6ED6BBFADE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038587C8B555FFB09336FBC5D494FCC7:8EF36005B556FFBE9238FD6ED6BBFADE" box="[843,935,726,752]" country="Brazil" municipality="Rio Janei" name="Kymell" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Kymell</location>
. (handwritten on white label)], [NHRS-
<specimenCode id="DB8A9EA5B556FFBE91CEFD42D48DFB3D" box="[189,401,761,788]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">JLKB 000021092</specimenCode>
(printed on white label)], [PARALECTOTYPE,
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5DB556FFBE92ADFD41D026FB3D" authority="Billberg" authorityName="Billberg" authorityYear="1815" box="[990,1338,761,787]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hircus">
<emphasis id="B958EACCB556FFBE92ADFD41D1D2FB3D" box="[990,1230,761,787]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Onthophagus hircus</emphasis>
Billberg
</taxonomicName>
, des.
<determinerName id="7E4FDA1AB556FFBE91CEFCA5D48AFB18" box="[189,406,796,823]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">F.Z. Vaz-de-Mello</determinerName>
, 2013, ♀ (printed and handwritten on yellow label with black border)].
</paragraph>
</materialsCitation>
<caption id="DF536656B556FFBE91CEF83FD16FFFC9" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1251600/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" startId="6.[189,232,1927,1953]" targetBox="[200,1395,925,1874]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8B9336DEB556FFBE91CEF83FD16FFFC9" blockId="6.[189,1399,1927,2024]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B958EACCB556FFBE91CEF83FD457FF8F" bold="true" box="[189,331,1927,1953]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 2. A–B</emphasis>
. Dorsal habitus of the lectotype and paralectotype of
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5DB556FFBE92BEF83FD06EFF8C" authority="Billberg, 1815" authorityName="Billberg" authorityYear="1815" box="[973,1394,1927,1954]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hircus">
<emphasis id="B958EACCB556FFBE92BEF83FD1A0FF8F" box="[973,1212,1927,1953]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Onthophagus hircus</emphasis>
Billberg, 1815
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="B958EACCB556FFBE91CEF812D5CEFFEA" bold="true" box="[189,210,1962,1988]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C</emphasis>
. Dorsal habitus of the lectotype of
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5DB556FFBE93E3F813D117FFEB" authority="Mannerheim, 1829" authorityName="Mannerheim" authorityYear="1829" box="[656,1035,1962,1989]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirculus">
<emphasis id="B958EACCB556FFBE93E3F813D604FFEA" box="[656,792,1962,1989]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">O. hirculus</emphasis>
Mannerheim, 1829
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="B958EACCB556FFBE9568F813D14EFFEB" bold="true" box="[1051,1106,1963,1989]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">D–E</emphasis>
. Labels of the types of
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5DB556FFBE91CEF876D4C6FFC6" authority="Billberg, 1815" authorityName="Billberg" authorityYear="1815" box="[189,474,1997,2024]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hircus">
<emphasis id="B958EACCB556FFBE91CEF876D435FFC6" box="[189,297,1998,2024]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">O. hircus</emphasis>
Billberg, 1815
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="B958EACCB556FFBE909BF876D4E6FFC6" bold="true" box="[488,506,1998,2024]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">F</emphasis>
. Labels of the type of
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5DB556FFBE9270F876D170FFC6" authority="Mannerheim, 1829" authorityName="Mannerheim" authorityYear="1829" box="[771,1132,1998,2024]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirculus">
<emphasis id="B958EACCB556FFBE9270F876D69AFFC6" box="[771,902,1998,2024]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">O. hirculus</emphasis>
Mannerheim, 1829
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B9336DEB557FFBF91CEFEB3D663F943" blockId="7.[189,1399,267,366]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
According to these new nomenclatural arrangements, it is noteworthy to reconsider the name of the species group to which
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5DB557FFBF90A8FE88D755F967" authorityName="Billberg" authorityYear="1815" box="[475,585,303,330]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hircus">
<emphasis id="B958EACCB557FFBF90A8FE88D755F967" box="[475,585,303,330]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">O. hircus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
belongs. Therefore, the
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5DB557FFBF9202FE97D6CCF967" authorityName="Mannerheim" authorityYear="1829" box="[881,976,303,329]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirculus">
<emphasis id="B958EACCB557FFBF9202FE97D6CCF967" box="[881,976,303,329]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">hirculus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group, as originally established by
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B2FB557FFBF91CEFEEBD4F0F943" author="Zunino M. &amp; Halffter G." box="[189,492,339,365]" journalOrPublisher="Elytron" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="157 - 178" part="11" refId="ref11176" refString="Zunino M. &amp; Halffter G. 1997. Sobre Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 Americanos (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae). Elytron 11: 157 - 178." title="Sobre Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 Americanos (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)" type="journal article" year="1997">Zunino &amp; Halffter (1997)</bibRefCitation>
, is here renamed the
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5DB557FFBF9397FEEBD630F943" authorityName="Billberg" authorityYear="1815" box="[740,812,339,365]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hircus">
<emphasis id="B958EACCB557FFBF9397FEEBD630F943" box="[740,812,339,365]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">hircus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3366555B557FFB091CEFE2DD4F5FBBA" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9336DEB557FFBF91CEFE2DD623F981" blockId="7.[189,831,405,432]" box="[189,831,405,432]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<heading id="D0DB81B2B557FFBF91CEFE2DD623F981" bold="true" box="[189,831,405,432]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B958EACCB557FFBF91CEFE2DD623F981" bold="true" box="[189,831,405,432]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Morpho-anatomical description of the
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5DB557FFBF93D2FE2DD7F2F99E" authorityName="Billberg" authorityYear="1815" box="[673,750,405,432]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hircus">
<emphasis id="B958EACCB557FFBF93D2FE2DD7F2F99E" bold="true" box="[673,750,405,432]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">hircus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336DEB557FFBF91CEFE7DD6C6F9F1" blockId="7.[189,986,452,479]" box="[189,986,452,479]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">MEASUREMENTS. Small to large-sized species, body length 4–12 mm.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336DEB557FFBF91CEFDBED5E3FB4D" blockId="7.[189,1399,518,867]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">COLOUR. Body either evenly coloured (completely black, blue, brownish or dark green with strong greenish, blue or cupreous sheen) or pronotum and elytra of different colours (pronotum bronze, metallic green or dark brown, or pronotal disc metallic green or cupreous with sides yellowish, elytra black to dark brown, with paler or darker spots at the base, apex or middle, or elytral interstriae with alternate colours). Pygidium same colour as body or lighter, sometimes dark with paler spots. Ventral side of body black or reddish brown, some species with yellowish to brownish areas on sternites, metasternum, middle and hindfemurs. Tegument of the body either smooth or very finely microreticulated, shining to opaque and sericeous with greenish, bluish or silver iridescence, punctuation either simple and very fine or coarse and deep, some species with punctures associated with distinct granules and conspicuous setae.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336DEB557FFBF91CEFC33D1C8FCC9" blockId="7.[189,1399,907,1256]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">HEAD. Margins strongly sinuated to evenly curved, clypeus trapezoidal, obtusely squared or triangular, genal and clypeal margins continuous or genae clearly expanded beyond clypeus (head margin notched at the clypeo-genal junction), clypeus weakly to strongly reflexed at middle, plate-like to acuminated and narrowly rounded. Male with fronto-clypeal carina entire or interrupted at middle, with transversal ridge or lacking any structure, male with frontal horns either shorter than upper side of pronotum or longer and widely curved. Horns simple, triangular, conical or clearly expanded at base (carinate), parallel to divergent, inclined backward or bowed forward at apex, some species with a central carina between horns. Head of female always with distinct fronto-clypeal carina, low or distinctly higher at middle, frons with carina between eyes, straight to feebly curved forward, depressed, interrupted, inclined backward or with tubercle at middle. Articles of antennal club either normal or distinctly elongated.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336DEB557FFBF91CEFAA8D698FE9D" blockId="7.[189,1399,1295,1716]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">THORAX. Posterior margin of pronotum with border evanescent near posterior angles,lateral margins evenly curved, either almost straight, but convergent or distinctly concave near anterior angles. Anteromedial pronotal protuberance of male widely rounded, triangular, squared, conical or shelf-like and horizontally extended above head, two specimens with a pair of tubercles on the anteromedial region. Dorsal side of protuberance distinctly depressed, flattened or evenly and slightly convex. Female with anteromedial protuberance of pronotum always transversal, curved, straight or widely concave at middle, with both sides simple or tuberculate. Elytral striae usually very shallow and interstriae flat to very weakly convex, interstrial punctuation fine and sparse or punctures aligned in two to three rows, often associated with small granules and pale setae. Anterior side of propleuron slightly excavated to convex, either simple or with a small and acuminated tubercle in proximity of anterior angles of pronotum. Metasternum simply swollen between mesocoxae or with longitudinal and short keel, metasternal tegument with stronger punctures near mesocoxae to finely and sparsely punctuated.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336DEB557FFBF91CEF964D44FFFAB" blockId="7.[189,1399,1755,1925]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">ABDOMEN. Pygidium always completely bordered, with a fine ridge carina-like between pygidium and propygidium, pygidial surface flattened to slightly convex, punctures of different sizes, strong to obsolete, sparse or well distributed, most of punctures associated with short and straight setae. Pygidial tegument often completely and finely microreticulated, sometimes microreticulation restricted to the basal region.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336DEB557FFBF91CEF815D06AFFC5" blockId="7.[189,1399,1965,2027]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">LEGS. Foretibiae of male slender and more elongated than those of female, apical and internal tooth either acuminate or blunt, apical margin of protibiae with a few straight setae, apical spur curved downward,</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336DEB558FFB091CEFEB3D04CF965" blockId="8.[189,1399,267,331]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">tip obtuse to acute, foretibiae always with four external teeth. Foretibiae of female unmodified, larger than those of male and not very elongated, external teeth stronger. Middle and hindlegs unmodified.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336DEB558FFB091CEFECDD173FB2B" blockId="8.[189,1399,372,774]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">MALE GENITALIA. In lateral view, parameres either elongated or fairly short compared to length of phallobase, basolateral plate straight to strongly excavated at middle, distal-inferior paramerites either very feebly curved or strongly bent downward. In dorsal view, distal superior area of parameres with lateral margin evenly curved, obtusely angulate or strongly acuminate, anterior margin curved, sinuate or transversally truncated. In frontal view, lamella copulatrix with superior left lobe either clearly emarginated or transversally truncate on the external side, very reduced, narrow and elongated downward or very wide. Lateral margin of the superior left lobe normal to clearly bent inward, apex of lobe acuminated, obtuse and lobate or truncate. Inferior right lobe elongated downward and normal or short and with a distinct keel plate-like on the external margin. Medial keel of lamella copulatrix either wide or very reduced. Secondary lamella either squared with lateral margins parallel or very elongated and distinctly narrower at middle, superior side either normal or with a low keel.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336DEB558FFB091CEFC88D4F5FBBA" blockId="8.[189,1399,815,916]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
FEMALE GENITALIA. Ventral sclerotization of vagina distinct to very weakly defined, central region wide to very narrow, with inferior margin either normal or distinctly sinuate. Distal portion of the
<emphasis id="B958EACCB558FFB095A9FCECD06AFB40" box="[1242,1398,852,878]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">infundibulum</emphasis>
little developed in length.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3366555B558FFB091CEFC05D494FCC7" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B9336DEB558FFB091CEFC05D44AFBF9" blockId="8.[189,342,957,983]" box="[189,342,957,983]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<heading id="D0DB81B2B558FFB091CEFC05D44AFBF9" bold="true" box="[189,342,957,983]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B958EACCB558FFB091CEFC05D44AFBF9" bold="true" box="[189,342,957,983]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Distribution</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336DEB558FFB091CEFC56D494FCC7" blockId="8.[189,1399,1006,1257]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Species of the
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5DB558FFB09001FC56D4A6FC26" authorityName="Billberg" authorityYear="1815" box="[370,442,1006,1032]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hircus">
<emphasis id="B958EACCB558FFB09001FC56D4A6FC26" box="[370,442,1006,1032]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">hircus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group are distributed from the northern United States (Wisconsin according to
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B2FB558FFB091CEFBACD73DFC01" author="Howden H. F. &amp; Cartwright O. L." box="[189,545,1044,1071]" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the United States National Museum" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 133" part="114" publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.114-3467.1" refId="ref9013" refString="Howden H. F. &amp; Cartwright O. L. 1963. Scarab beetles of the genus Onthophagus Latreille north of Mexico (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Proceedings of the United States National Museum 114 (3467): 1 - 133. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.114 - 3467.1" title="Scarab beetles of the genus Onthophagus Latreille north of Mexico (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)" type="journal article" year="1963">Howden &amp; Cartwright (1963)</bibRefCitation>
; although the authors do not provide the exact locality, its position onto the map appears to be located far north with respect to the Canadian (mostly south of Toronto) and USA localities recorded in our study to central Argentina (San Luís Province), with the highest diversity across the Mexican Transition Zone, as well as the Brazilian and Chacoan sub-regions, which refer to the geographical space occurring from central and southern Mexico to most of continental South America (
<figureCitation id="13172A5BB558FFB09041FB77D467FCC7" box="[306,379,1231,1257]" captionStart="Fig. 4" captionStartId="12.[189,232,2000,2026]" captionTargetBox="[200,1390,770,1960]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[189,1398,763,1966]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 4. Geographical range of the hircus group." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1251604/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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