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<mods:title id="B035B53022CE098E4D6CBE1170E5F3D8">First record of the genus Discotylenchus Siddiqi, 1980 (Nematoda: Tylenchidae) from Iran, with description of one new and data on two known species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="330FBB3B40413EF8C0EDF82DBCB7E445">Ghaemi, Razieh</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A0BD1A41C52CA3A5930B5E6D8D9542F5">Pourjam, Ebrahim</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D691CD7E6D8D7B7DEAC23C6CD5ABCD96">Atighi, Mohammad Reza</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E4102A40FB8344C51A43F699E4E911E9">Pedram, Majid</mods:namePart>
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<paragraph id="8B93368AFFCFFFABFF1C0E0B8AEB5C26" blockId="4.[151,686,1330,1389]" box="[151,686,1330,1356]" pageId="4" pageNumber="76">
<heading id="D0DB81E6FFCFFFABFF1C0E0B8AEB5C26" bold="true" box="[151,686,1330,1356]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="76" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D09FFCFFFABFF1C0E0B8AEB5C26" authority="Brzeski, 1985" authorityName="Brzeski" authorityYear="1985" box="[151,686,1330,1356]" class="Secernentea" family="Tylenchidae" genus="Discotylenchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="4" pageNumber="76" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="brevicaudatus">
<emphasis id="B958EA98FFCFFFABFF1C0E0B8AEB5C26" bold="true" box="[151,686,1330,1356]" pageId="4" pageNumber="76">
<emphasis id="B958EA98FFCFFFABFF1C0E0B89BA5C26" bold="true" box="[151,511,1330,1356]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="76">Discotylenchus brevicaudatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B7BFFCFFFABFD8C0E0B8AEB5C26" author="Brzeski" box="[519,686,1330,1356]" pageId="4" pageNumber="76" refString="Brzeski, M. W. (1985) Four new species of Tylenchidae (Nematoda). Nematologica, 31, 424 - 432." type="journal article" year="1985">Brzeski, 1985</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B93368AFFCFFFABFF1C0E6C89575C07" blockId="4.[151,686,1330,1389]" box="[151,274,1365,1389]" pageId="4" pageNumber="76">
(
<figureCitation id="13172A0FFFCFFFABFF140E6C88AB5C07" box="[159,238,1365,1389]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1977,2000]" captionTargetBox="[198,1389,179,1976]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[197,1402,163,1981]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Discotylenchus brevicaudatus. A, B: Female and male entire body; C: Anterior end in detail; D: Pharyngeal region; E: Male posterior end; F: Female tail." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282454/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="76">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13172A0FFFCFFFABFF710E6C894D5C07" box="[250,264,1365,1389]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,969,992]" captionTargetBox="[418,1178,193,955]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[418,1178,193,955]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Discotylenchus brevicaudatus (A E) and Discotylenchus discretus (F I). A: Anterior end; B: Female tail; C: Male posterior end; D: Bursa; E: Neck region showing bottle shaped terminal bulb; F: Anterior end; G: Vagina and spermatheca; H: Male posterior end; I: Female tail (all scale bars = 10 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282456/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="76">5</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3366501FFCFFFABFF1C0EA788955EE3" pageId="4" pageNumber="76" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B93368AFFCFFFABFF1C0EA789945CDF" blockId="4.[151,1437,1437,2037]" box="[151,465,1437,1461]" pageId="4" pageNumber="76">Measurements. See Table 2.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B93368AFFCFFFABFF4C0EF88AFD5F93" blockId="4.[151,1437,1437,2037]" pageId="4" pageNumber="76">
This population was recovered from the rhizosphere of plum (
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D09FFCFFFABFC080EFB8C085CB3" box="[899,1101,1473,1497]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Prunus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="4" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="domestica">
<emphasis id="B958EA98FFCFFFABFC080EFB8C085CB3" box="[899,1101,1473,1497]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="76">Prunus domestica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L.) trees in a garden, close to city of Bojnourd, Northern Khorasan province, north-eastern
<collectingCountry id="F33B761AFFCFFFABFC040EDF8BF95C97" box="[911,956,1510,1533]" name="Iran" pageId="4" pageNumber="76">Iran</collectingCountry>
during
<date id="FF92104AFFCFFFABFBAC0EDF8CED5C97" box="[1063,1192,1509,1534]" pageId="4" pageNumber="76" value="2009-05">May 2009</date>
. Morphological and morphometric characters of the Iranian population of
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D09FFCFFFABFC8C0D338B8E5F4B" box="[775,971,1545,1569]" class="Secernentea" family="Tylenchidae" genus="Discotylenchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="4" pageNumber="76" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="brevicaudatus">
<emphasis id="B958EA98FFCFFFABFC8C0D338B8E5F4B" box="[775,971,1545,1569]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="76">D. brevicaudatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
agree completely with those in original description (see Table 2), although there is a wider range for some morphometric data compared to the
<typeStatus id="54978828FFCFFFABFAE70D178DD95F2C" box="[1388,1436,1582,1606]" pageId="4" pageNumber="76">type</typeStatus>
population
<emphasis id="B958EA98FFCFFFABFE9C0D6B897C5F03" box="[279,313,1618,1641]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="76">i.e.</emphasis>
the Iranian population has a longer body (0.420.46
<emphasis id="B958EA98FFCFFFABFC1D0D6B8BE85F03" box="[918,941,1618,1641]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="76">vs</emphasis>
<quantity id="4CD49B6FFFCFFFABFC3E0D688C1B5F03" box="[949,1118,1617,1641]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.55" metricValueMax="3.9" metricValueMin="3.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="76" unit="mm" value="0.355" valueMax="0.39" valueMin="0.32">0.320.39 mm</quantity>
), slightly shorter stylet (67
<emphasis id="B958EA98FFCFFFABFF1C0D4F88EB5FE7" box="[151,174,1654,1677]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="76">vs</emphasis>
78 µm), longer pharynx (116132
<emphasis id="B958EA98FFCFFFABFDEA0D4F8A3D5FE7" box="[609,632,1654,1677]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="76">vs</emphasis>
6973 μm), longer tail (5777
<emphasis id="B958EA98FFCFFFABFC790D4F8C4C5FE7" box="[1010,1033,1654,1677]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="76">vs</emphasis>
3547 μm), smaller
<emphasis id="B958EA98FFCFFFABFA8F0D4F8D555FE7" box="[1284,1296,1654,1677]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="76">c</emphasis>
(5.97.8
<emphasis id="B958EA98FFCFFFABFA0F0D4F8DDE5FE7" box="[1412,1435,1654,1677]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="76">vs</emphasis>
8.19.8), higher
<emphasis id="B958EA98FFCFFFABFED70DA3892B5FDB" box="[348,366,1690,1713]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="76">c'</emphasis>
(6.39.6
<emphasis id="B958EA98FFCFFFABFE6E0DA389B95FDB" box="[485,508,1690,1713]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="76">vs</emphasis>
4.56.0) and slightly smaller V (68.271.6
<emphasis id="B958EA98FFCFFFABFB840DA38C635FDB" box="[1039,1062,1690,1713]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="76">vs</emphasis>
7173). From a morphological perspective, the basal bulb in Iranian population is long and bottle shaped in dimension of 4055×7.58.5 µm, whereas in the original population it is pyriform.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B93368AFFCFFFABFF4C0C3C88955EE3" blockId="4.[151,1437,1437,2037]" pageId="4" pageNumber="76">The male of this species is described for the first time and is similar to females in general morphology except for character states associated with sexual differences. Testis is single, anteriorly outstretched and 91±6 (8599) μm long. Spicules slender, ventrally curved. Gubernaculum simple, bursa smooth, adcloacal and 17±2 (1519) µm long.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3366501FFCFFFAAFF4C0CAC8D33598F" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="77" pageId="4" pageNumber="76" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B93368AFFCFFFABFF4C0CAC88AA5E9F" blockId="4.[151,1437,1437,2037]" pageId="4" pageNumber="76">
<emphasis id="B958EA98FFCFFFABFF4C0CAC89755EC7" bold="true" box="[199,304,1941,1965]" pageId="4" pageNumber="76">Remark.</emphasis>
As in the original description (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B7BFFCFFFABFD100CAC8B785EC7" author="Brzeski" box="[667,829,1941,1965]" pageId="4" pageNumber="76" refString="Brzeski, M. W. (1985) Four new species of Tylenchidae (Nematoda). Nematologica, 31, 424 - 432." type="journal article" year="1985">Brzeski, 1985</bibRefCitation>
), the females of the Iranian population had sperm in genital tract and the males were also recovered, demonstrating the amphimictic nature of reproduction in this species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B93368AFFCEFFAAFF1C0BA18D33598F" blockId="5.[151,1436,152,175]" lastBlockId="5.[165,1398,208,2035]" pageId="5" pageNumber="77">
<emphasis id="B958EA98FFCEFFAAFF1C0BA1894059DA" bold="true" box="[151,261,152,176]" pageId="5" pageNumber="77">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
Morphometrics of
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D09FFCEFFAAFE430BA08ABD59DA" box="[456,760,153,176]" class="Secernentea" family="Tylenchidae" genus="Discotylenchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="5" pageNumber="77" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="brevicaudatus">
<emphasis id="B958EA98FFCEFFAAFE430BA08ABD59DA" box="[456,760,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="77">Discotylenchus brevicaudatus</emphasis>
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. All measurements are in μm, and in the form: mean ± s.d. (range). Iranian population
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B7BFFCEFFAAFB620BF68D33598F" author="Brzeski" box="[1257,1398,207,229]" pageId="5" pageNumber="77" refString="Brzeski, M. W. (1985) Four new species of Tylenchidae (Nematoda). Nematologica, 31, 424 - 432." type="journal article" year="1985">Brzeski, 1985</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
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