554 lines
59 KiB
XML
554 lines
59 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/JHR.29.877" ID-GBIF-Dataset="073a487c-13a6-42b1-8cb5-5376672ec2a6" ID-GBIF-Taxon="159359357" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-20-23" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2011" ModsDocID="1313-2970-20-23" ModsDocOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 29" ModsDocTitle="A review of New World Eurytenes s. str. (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Opiinae)" checkinTime="1451252513461" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Walker, Andrea K. & Wharton, Robert A." docDate="2011" docId="F892C574788B0B3972243108BE5963E8" docLanguage="en" docName="JourHymenoptRes 20: 23-46" docOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 20" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/JHR.29.877" docTitle="Eurytenes abnormis" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="32" masterDocId="5B16D07AFFA17B3E4C1BFFD21E66FFB7" masterDocTitle="A review of New World Eurytenes s. str. (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Opiinae)" masterLastPageNumber="46" masterPageNumber="23" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" updateTime="1643555550809" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A review of New World Eurytenes s. str. (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Opiinae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Walker, Andrea K.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Wharton, Robert A.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Journal of Hymenoptera Research</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2011</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>20</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>23</mods:start>
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<mods:end>46</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/JHR.29.877</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/JHR.29.877</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-20-23</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">C9D78A50-B94B-4C11-8ECE-D57CBCE82442</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="159359357" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F892C574788B0B3972243108BE5963E8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F892C574788B0B3972243108BE5963E8" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="5" pageNumber="28">
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="28" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="28">
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<taxonomicName authority="Wesmael" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Eurytenes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurytenes abnormis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abnormis">Eurytenes abnormis (Wesmael)</taxonomicName>
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Figs 48-1431
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="28" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="28">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Opius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Opius abnormis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abnormis">Opius abnormis</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Wesmael, C" journalOrPublisher="Nouveaux Memoires de l'Academie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres de Bruxelles" pageId="16" pageNumber="39" pagination="1 - 252" title="Monographie des Braconides de Belgique." volume="9" year="1835">Wesmael 1835</bibRefCitation>
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: 117. ♀♂ Syntypes in Brussels.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="28">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Opius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Opius abnormis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abnormis">Opius abnormis</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation author="Haliday, AH" journalOrPublisher="Entomologist's Monthly Magazine" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" pagination="203 - 221" title="Essay on parasitic Hymenoptera." volume="4" year="1837">Haliday 1837</bibRefCitation>
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: 204 (redescription, habitat);
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<bibRefCitation author="Ratzeburg, JTC" journalOrPublisher="Nicolaischen Buchhandlung, Berlin" pageId="16" pageNumber="39" title="Die Ichneumonen der Forstinsecten in forstlicher und entomologischer Beziehung. Zweiter Band." year="1848">Ratzeburg 1848</bibRefCitation>
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: 62 (diagnosis, hosts).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="28">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Eurytenes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurytenes abnormis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abnormis">Eurytenes abnormis</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation author="Foerster, A" journalOrPublisher="Verhandlungen des naturhistorischen Vereines der preussischen Rheinlande und Westphalens" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" pagination="225 - 288" title="Synopsis der Familien und Gattungen der Braconen." volume="19" year="1862">Foerster 1862</bibRefCitation>
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: 259 (genus description in key, abnormis as type species);
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<bibRefCitation author="Taschenberg, EL" journalOrPublisher="Eduard Kummer, Leipzig" pageId="16" pageNumber="39" title="Die Hymenopteren Deutschlands nach ihren Gattungen und theilweise nach ihren Arten als Wegweiser fuer angehende Hymenopterologen und gleichzeitig als Verzeichniss der Halle'schen Hymenopterenfauna." year="1866">Taschenberg 1866</bibRefCitation>
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: 79, 87 (key, diagnosis);
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<bibRefCitation author="Marshall, TA" journalOrPublisher="A. Napier, Entomological Society of London, London" pageId="16" pageNumber="39" title="A catalogue of British Hymenoptera: Chrysididae, Ichneumonidae, Braconidae and Evaniidae." year="1872">Marshall 1872</bibRefCitation>
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: 122 (British catalog);
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<bibRefCitation author="Marshall, TA" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Entomological Society of London" pageId="16" pageNumber="39" pagination="7 - 61" title="A monograph of British Braconidae. Part IV." volume="11" year="1891">Marshall 1891</bibRefCitation>
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: 16-17 (redescription, English);
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<bibRefCitation author="Marshall, TA" editor="Andre, E" journalOrPublisher="Bouffaut Freres, Gray" pageId="16" pageNumber="39" pagination="280 - 359" title="Les braconides (suite), 10 e Tribu. Opiidae." volumeTitle="Species des Hymenopteres d'Europe et d'Algerie." year="1894">Marshall 1894</bibRefCitation>
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: 283-284, 291-292 (key, redescription, French);
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<bibRefCitation author="Dalla Torre, CG" journalOrPublisher="G. Engelmann, Leipzig" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" title="Catalogus Hymenopterorum, IV. Braconidae." year="1898">Dalla Torre 1898</bibRefCitation>
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: 67 (catalog);
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<bibRefCitation author="Szepligeti, GV" journalOrPublisher="Genera Insectorum" pageId="16" pageNumber="39" pagination="1 - 253" title="Hymenoptera. Fam. Braconidae." volume="22" year="1904">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Szépligeti">Szepligeti</normalizedToken>
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1904
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 159, 163 (key, catalog);
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<bibRefCitation author="Niezabitowski, EL" journalOrPublisher="Sprawozdania Akademii Umiejetnosci w Krakowie" pageId="16" pageNumber="39" pagination="47 - 106" title="Materyaly do fauny Brakonidow Polski. Braconidae, zebrane w Galicyi." volume="44" year="1910">Niezabitowski 1910</bibRefCitation>
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: 89 (distribution, brief characterization);
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<bibRefCitation author="Fischer, M" journalOrPublisher="Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" pagination="248 - 250" title="Die europaeischen Opiinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae)." volume="33" year="1959">Fischer 1959</bibRefCitation>
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: 248-250 (redescription, hosts);
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<bibRefCitation author="Fulmek, L" journalOrPublisher="Dr. W. Junk, The Haag" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" title="Parasitinsekten der Blattminierer Europas." year="1962">Fulmek 1962</bibRefCitation>
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: 47-50 (hosts);
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<bibRefCitation author="Fischer, M" journalOrPublisher="Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" pagination="3 - 212" title="Die Opiinae der nearktischen Region (Hymenoptera, Braconidae). II. Teil." volume="35" year="1965">Fischer 1965</bibRefCitation>
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: 165-167 (redescription, North American distribution);
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<bibRefCitation author="Fischer, M" journalOrPublisher="Das Tierreich" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 620" title="Hymenoptera: Braconidae (Opiinae I)." volume="91" year="1972">Fischer 1972</bibRefCitation>
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: 472-475 (monograph);
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<bibRefCitation author="Marsh, PM" editor="Krombein, KV" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C." pageId="16" pageNumber="39" pagination="144 - 295" title="Family Braconidae" volumeTitle="Catalog of Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico" year="1979">Marsh 1979</bibRefCitation>
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: 202 (North American catalog);
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<bibRefCitation author="Papp, J" journalOrPublisher="Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae" pageId="16" pageNumber="39" pagination="341 - 365" title="Braconidae (Hymenoptera) from Korea, VII." volume="31" year="1985">Papp 1985</bibRefCitation>
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: 344-345 (color variation, distribution);
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<bibRefCitation author="Tobias, VI" editor="Tobias, VI" journalOrPublisher="Academia Nauk, Leningrad" pageId="16" pageNumber="39" pagination="7 - 100" title="Subfamily Opiinae." volumeTitle="Identification of Insects of European USSR. Volume III, Part V." year="1986">Tobias and Jakimavicius 1986</bibRefCitation>
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: 8, 96-98 (redescription in key, distribution);
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<bibRefCitation author="Tobias, VI" editor="Ler, PA" journalOrPublisher="Dal'nauka, Vladivostok" pageId="16" pageNumber="39" pagination="558 - 656" title="Subfamily Opiinae." volumeTitle="Key to the insects of Russian Far East." year="1998">Tobias 1998</bibRefCitation>
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(redescription in key, distribution);
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<bibRefCitation pageId="5" pageNumber="28">Yu et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
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(electronic catalog).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="28" type="material examined">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="28">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="28">
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♀♂, BELGIUM: vicinity of Brussels, v.18??, C. Wesmael (syntypes, Brussels). 1 ♀, ENGLAND: Sheffield, 16-17.viii.1991, R. Wharton (TAMU). 1 ♀, HUNGARY: Protected forest, 13.vi.1974,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Hámoriné">Hamorine</normalizedToken>
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&
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Marótiné">Marotine</normalizedToken>
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(TAMU). IRELAND: 3 ♀, Co. Sligo, Trawalua,10.vii.1936 & 2.viii.1938, A.W.Stelfox (USNM); 1 ♀, Co. Wicklow, Manor Kilbride, 19.vii.1950, A.W. Stelfox (USNM).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="28" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="28">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="28">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Eurytenes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurytenes abnormis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abnormis">Eurytenes abnormis</taxonomicName>
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is most readily recognized by the pale coloration of the petiole and metasoma and is further distinguished from the four North American species described below by the narrower, more ventrally concave clypeus (Fig. 10). The petiole is narrower than in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Eurytenes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurytenes dichromus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dichromus">Eurytenes dichromus</taxonomicName>
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, sp. n. and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Eurytenes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurytenes microsomus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="microsomus">Eurytenes microsomus</taxonomicName>
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, sp. n. and is thus more similar in shape to the darker Mexican species described below.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="28">Description</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="28">(♀). Length of body: 1.9-2.4 mm (m=2.2), length of fore wing 2.3-3.0 mm (m=2.7).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="28">
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Head. 27-31 flagellomeres; first flagellomere length 4.0-5.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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width (m=4.4), fifteenth flagellomere length 2.0-3.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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width (m=2.9), fifth from last flagellomere length 2.2-3.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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width (m=2.7). Face 1.4-1.7 (m=1.5)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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wider than high. Clypeus broadly chevron-shaped, with ventral margin concave; 2.0-3.0 (m=2.5)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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wider than high; 1.3-1.8 (m=1.5)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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wider than distance between clypeus and eye. Mandible distinctly expanded over basal 0.3, with flange-like ventral carina. Gena relatively narrow (Fig. 8). Occipital carina dorsally extending about 0.6-0.7
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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distance from eye to nearest lateral ocellus.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="6" pageNumber="29">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="29" start="start">Mesosoma</pageBreakToken>
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. Posterior-ventral margin of lateral pronotum crenulate for most of length. Precoxal sulcus parallel-sided, narrowly crenulate along most of length, usually weakly impressed anteriorly, often extending very close to anterior margin of mesopleuron; precoxal sulcus inclined at a 35 degree angle. Notaulus distinctly impressed over anterior third of mesoscutal disc, crenulate over anterior 0.2-0.3; with cluster of short setae at
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<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="30" start="start">rugulose</pageBreakToken>
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base of anterior declivity; with widely spaced line of 3-5 longer setae extending posteriorly towards but not usually reaching cluster of scattered setae around midpit. Propodeum with median carina present anteriorly, bifurcating near middle to form five-sided median areola over posterior 0.6, surface rugose laterally and posterior-medially, partly obscuring areola, but posterior-lateral fields largely smooth, as in Fig. 11.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="31" start="start">Wings</pageBreakToken>
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. Fore wing r-m tubular and pigmented only at extreme anterior end, otherwise unpigmented, with lateral boundaries often only weakly indicated; (RS+M)b absent, m-cu entering extreme base of second submarginal cell; 3M very weakly pigmented basally in available material, spectral over most of length. Hind wing m-cu varying from indistinct in smaller individuals to present as a spectral impression extending more than half way to wing margin in larger individuals.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
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Legs. Hind tibia 7.5-9.3 (m=8.7)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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longer than maximum width.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
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Metasoma. Petiole 1.9-2.2 (m=2.0)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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longer than apical width. Female ovipositor short but distinctly protruding, about 0.9
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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length of mesosoma. Ovipositor sheath about 0.4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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length of mesosoma.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="31">Color. Head and mesosoma dark reddish-brown to black. Scape, pedicel and first flagellomere yellow, antenna quickly darkening distally to dark brown; palps and tegula pale yellow; mandible and petiole tawny (darker yellow). Metasoma posteriad petiole usually bright yellow, sometimes with faint slight butterscotch banding to lighter brown banding. Hind femur and tibia darkening distally, femur transitioning from yellow to dark yellow or yellow-brown, tibia mostly infuscated, tarsi infuscated; legs otherwise yellow. Ovipositor sheath dark brown to black; ovipositor light brown throughout. Wings hyaline.</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
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Figures 4-7.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Eurytenes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurytenes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eurytenes</taxonomicName>
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spp., habitus. 4
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Eurytenes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurytenes abnormis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abnormis">Eurytenes abnormis</taxonomicName>
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, female 5
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Eurytenes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurytenes ormenus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ormenus">Eurytenes ormenus</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., female 6
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Eurytenes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurytenes pachycephalus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pachycephalus">Eurytenes pachycephalus</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., male 7
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Eurytenes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurytenes dichromus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dichromus">Eurytenes dichromus</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., female.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
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Figures 8-14.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Eurytenes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurytenes abnormis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abnormis">Eurytenes abnormis</taxonomicName>
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. 8 Head, lateral view 9 Mesosoma, lateral view, arrow = precoxal sulcus 10 Face 11 Propodeum, posterior view 12 Left fore and hind wing 13 Petiole, dorsal view, arrow = dorsope 14 Petiole, lateral view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="31" type="host records">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="31">Host Records.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
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<bibRefCitation author="Fischer, M" journalOrPublisher="Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" pagination="248 - 250" title="Die europaeischen Opiinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae)." volume="33" year="1959">Fischer (1959)</bibRefCitation>
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listed 12 species of
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<taxonomicName family="Agromyzidae" lsidName="" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" rank="family">Agromyzidae</taxonomicName>
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, one
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<taxonomicName family="Anthomyiidae" lsidName="" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" rank="family">Anthomyiidae</taxonomicName>
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, and one microlepidopteran as hosts but with no records of host plants. In this publication Fischer also noted that the anthomyiid and especially the microlepidopteran host (
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Coleophoridae" genus="Coleophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coleophora nigricella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigricella">Coleophora nigricella</taxonomicName>
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Rondani) need verification.
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<bibRefCitation author="Fischer, M" journalOrPublisher="Stuttgarter Beitraege zur Naturkunde" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 12" title="Die gezuechteten Opiinae der Sammlung Groschke (Hymenoptera, Braconidae)." volume="136" year="1964">Fischer (1964)</bibRefCitation>
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added four more dipterans to the list and later (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Fischer, M" journalOrPublisher="Zeitschrift fuer angewandte Zoologie" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" pagination="65 - 88" title="Die von Dr. H. Buhr gezuechteten Opiinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae)." volume="56" year="1969 a">Fischer 1969a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Fischer, M" journalOrPublisher="Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" pagination="369 - 380" title="Ueber die von Dr. J. T. Nowakowski aus Agromyzidae und Ephydridae gezuechteten Opiinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae)." volume="39" year="1969 b">b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) provided additional records, including host plant information for nearly all of the known hosts. Nomenclatural updates for agromyzids and plant hosts from
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Fischer, M" journalOrPublisher="Das Tierreich" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 620" title="Hymenoptera: Braconidae (Opiinae I)." volume="91" year="1972">Fischer (1972)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="8" pageNumber="31">Yu et al. (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
are incorporated in the list of confirmed hosts given below, with additional updates from
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ellis, WN" journalOrPublisher="Zooelogisch Museum Amsterdam" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" title="Bladmineerders van Europa / Leafminers of Europe." url="http://www.bladmineerders.nl/index.htm" year="2007">Ellis (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Host plants for these 23 agromyzid hosts are split unevenly between monocots (8 fly species) and dicots (15 fly species). Four of the host fly species were reared from
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Asteraceae" lsidName="Asteraceae" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" rank="genus">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and four from
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Poaceae" lsidName="Poaceae" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" rank="genus">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Lamiaceae" lsidName="Lamiaceae" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" rank="genus">Lamiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Ranunculaceae" lsidName="Ranunculaceae" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" rank="genus">Ranunculaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Cyperaceae" lsidName="Cyperaceae" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" rank="genus">Cyperaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
each harbored three host fly species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
|
||
The agromyzid host records found in (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Fischer, M" journalOrPublisher="Stuttgarter Beitraege zur Naturkunde" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 12" title="Die gezuechteten Opiinae der Sammlung Groschke (Hymenoptera, Braconidae)." volume="136" year="1964">Fischer (1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Fischer, M" journalOrPublisher="Zeitschrift fuer angewandte Zoologie" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" pagination="65 - 88" title="Die von Dr. H. Buhr gezuechteten Opiinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae)." volume="56" year="1969 a">1969a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Fischer, M" journalOrPublisher="Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" pagination="369 - 380" title="Ueber die von Dr. J. T. Nowakowski aus Agromyzidae und Ephydridae gezuechteten Opiinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae)." volume="39" year="1969 b">b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) have a relatively high degree of confidence because these records pertain to rearings by Buhr, Groschke, and Nowakowski, respectively. Fischer identified the
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Eurytenes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurytenes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eurytenes</taxonomicName>
|
||
reared from these hosts (specimens in NHMW) and the hosts and host plants correspond well with information in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ellis, WN" journalOrPublisher="Zooelogisch Museum Amsterdam" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" title="Bladmineerders van Europa / Leafminers of Europe." url="http://www.bladmineerders.nl/index.htm" year="2007">Ellis (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Earlier literature, and several compilations based on the earlier primary sources, are problematic, however, because of the potential for misidentification of the wasp and/or host fly, as well as the absence of voucher specimens. We follow
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Fischer, M" journalOrPublisher="Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" pagination="248 - 250" title="Die europaeischen Opiinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae)." volume="33" year="1959">Fischer (1959)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and treat the published host records for
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Pegomya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pegomya bicolor" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor">Pegomya bicolor</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Wiedemann) (
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Diptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Diptera" order="Malvales" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Diptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Anthomyiidae" lsidName="" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" rank="family">Anthomyiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Agromyzidae" genus="Amauromyza" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amauromyza verbasci" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="verbasci">Amauromyza verbasci</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bouché">Bouche</normalizedToken>
|
||
) dating to
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bouche, PF" journalOrPublisher="Nicolaische Buchhandlung, Berlin" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" title="Naturgeschichte der Insecten besonders in Hinsicht ihrer ersten Zustaende als Larven und Puppen." year="1834">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bouché">Bouche</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1834)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ratzeburg, JTC" journalOrPublisher="Nicolaischen Buchhandlung, Berlin" pageId="16" pageNumber="39" title="Die Ichneumonen der Forstinsecten in forstlicher und entomologischer Beziehung. Zweiter Band." year="1848">Ratzeburg (1848)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Rondani, C" journalOrPublisher="Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana" pageId="16" pageNumber="39" pagination="41 - 78" title="Degli insetti parassiti e delle loro vittime." volume="4" year="1872">Rondani (1872)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as almost certainly erroneous and likely based on misidentification of the other opiines that routinely attack these hosts or possibly on misidentification of the host. Records of non-dipteran hosts are clearly erroneous since members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Opiinae">Opiinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
are all parasitoids of cyclorrhaphous
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Diptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Diptera" order="Malvales" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Diptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="31" type="host: plant">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="31">Host: Plant.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Agromyzidae" genus="Agromyza" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Agromyza albitarsis" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albitarsis">Agromyza albitarsis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Meigen: host plant for
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Eurytenes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurytenes abnormis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abnormis">Eurytenes abnormis</taxonomicName>
|
||
has not been recorded previously but since this fly is known to attack several trees in the family
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Salicaceae" lsidName="Salicaceae" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" rank="genus">Salicaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the record may need to be verified;
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Agromyzidae" genus="Agromyza" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Agromyza woerzi" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="woerzi">Agromyza woerzi</taxonomicName>
|
||
Groschke:
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Knautia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Knautia arvensis" order="Dipsacales" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arvensis">Knautia arvensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L.) Coult,
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Caprifoliaceae" lsidName="Caprifoliaceae" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" rank="genus">Caprifoliaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Agromyzidae" genus="Amauromyza" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amauromyza labiatarum" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="labiatarum">Amauromyza labiatarum</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Hendel):
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gymnolaemata" family="Celleporidae" genus="Galeopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Galeopsis tetrahit" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="tetrahit">Galeopsis tetrahit</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.,
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Lamiaceae" lsidName="Lamiaceae" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" rank="genus">Lamiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Agromyzidae" genus="Amauromyza" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amauromyza lamii" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lamii">Amauromyza lamii</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Kaltenbach):
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Heist. ex Fabr." authorityName="Heist. ex Fabr." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Lamiastrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lamiastrum galeobdolon" order="Lamiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="galeobdolon">Lamiastrum galeobdolon</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L.),
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Lamiaceae" lsidName="Lamiaceae" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" rank="genus">Lamiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Agromyzidae" genus="Cerodontha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cerodontha angulata" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angulata">Cerodontha angulata</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Loew):
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Carex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Carex hirta" order="Poales" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hirta">Carex hirta</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.,
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Cyperaceae" lsidName="Cyperaceae" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" rank="genus">Cyperaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Agromyzidae" genus="Cerodontha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cerodontha caricivora" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caricivora">Cerodontha caricivora</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Groschke):
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Carex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Carex hirta" order="Poales" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hirta">Carex hirta</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.,
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Cyperaceae" lsidName="Cyperaceae" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" rank="genus">Cyperaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Agromyzidae" genus="Cerodontha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cerodontha eucaricis" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eucaricis">Cerodontha eucaricis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Nowakowski:
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Carex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Carex hirta" order="Poales" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hirta">Carex hirta</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.,
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Cyperaceae" lsidName="Cyperaceae" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" rank="genus">Cyperaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Agromyzidae" genus="Cerodontha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cerodontha flavocingulata" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavocingulata">Cerodontha flavocingulata</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Strobl):
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Festuca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Festuca pratensis" order="Poales" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pratensis">Festuca pratensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Huds. (=
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Lolium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lolium pratense" order="Poales" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pratense">Lolium pratense</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Holcus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Holcus lanatus" order="Poales" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lanatus">Holcus lanatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.,
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Poaceae" lsidName="Poaceae" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" rank="genus">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Agromyzidae" genus="Cerodontha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cerodontha incisa" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incisa">Cerodontha incisa</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Meigen):
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Alopecurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Alopecurus pratensis" order="Poales" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pratensis">Alopecurus pratensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Phleum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Phleum pretense" order="Poales" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pretense">Phleum pretense</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.,
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Poaceae" lsidName="Poaceae" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" rank="genus">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Agromyzidae" genus="Cerodontha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cerodontha iraeos" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iraeos">Cerodontha iraeos</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Robineau-Desvoidy):
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tarachodidae" genus="Iris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Iris pseudacorus" order="Mantodea" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudacorus">Iris pseudacorus</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.,
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Iridaceae" lsidName="Iridaceae" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" rank="genus">Iridaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Agromyzidae" genus="Cerodontha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cerodontha pygmaea" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pygmaea">Cerodontha pygmaea</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Meigen):
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Dactylis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dactylis glomerata" order="Poales" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glomerata">Dactylis glomerata</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Deschampsia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Deschampsia cespitosa" order="Poales" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cespitosa">Deschampsia cespitosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L.),
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Poaceae" lsidName="Poaceae" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" rank="genus">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Agromyzidae" genus="Liriomyza" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liriomyza balcanica" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balcanica">Liriomyza balcanica</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Strobl): host plant for
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Eurytenes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurytenes abnormis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abnormis">Eurytenes abnormis</taxonomicName>
|
||
has not been previously recorded but this fly is known to attack members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Euphorbiaceae" lsidName="Euphorbiaceae" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" rank="genus">Euphorbiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Agromyzidae" genus="Liriomyza" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liriomyza demeijerei" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="demeijerei">Liriomyza demeijerei</taxonomicName>
|
||
Hering:
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Artemisia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Artemisia vulgaris" order="Asterales" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vulgaris">Artemisia vulgaris</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L.),
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Asteraceae" lsidName="Asteraceae" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" rank="genus">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Agromyzidae" genus="Liriomyza" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liriomyza eupatoriana" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eupatoriana">Liriomyza eupatoriana</taxonomicName>
|
||
Spencer:
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Eupatorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Eupatorium cannabinum" order="Asterales" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cannabinum">Eupatorium cannabinum</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.,
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Asteraceae" lsidName="Asteraceae" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" rank="genus">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Agromyzidae" genus="Liriomyza" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liriomyza flaveola" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flaveola">Liriomyza flaveola</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fallén">Fallen</normalizedToken>
|
||
):
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Festuca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Festuca pratensis" order="Poales" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pratensis">Festuca pratensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Huds.,
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Poaceae" lsidName="Poaceae" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" rank="genus">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Agromyzidae" genus="Liriomyza" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liriomyza scorzonerae" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scorzonerae">Liriomyza scorzonerae</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rydén">Ryden</normalizedToken>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Scorzonera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Scorzonera humilis" order="Asterales" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="humilis">Scorzonera humilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.,
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Asteraceae" lsidName="Asteraceae" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" rank="genus">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Agromyzidae" genus="Phytoliriomyza" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phytoliriomyza variegata" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variegata">Phytoliriomyza variegata</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Meigen): host plant for
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Eurytenes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurytenes abnormis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abnormis">Eurytenes abnormis</taxonomicName>
|
||
has not been previously previously but this fly is known to attack members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Fabaceae" lsidName="Fabaceae" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" rank="genus">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Agromyzidae" genus="Phytomyza" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phytomyza abdominalis" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abdominalis">Phytomyza abdominalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Zetterstedt:
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Hepatica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hepatica nobilis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nobilis">Hepatica nobilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Mill.,
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Ranunculaceae" lsidName="Ranunculaceae" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" rank="genus">Ranunculaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Agromyzidae" genus="Phytomyza" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phytomyza albimargo" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albimargo">Phytomyza albimargo</taxonomicName>
|
||
Hering: host plant for
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Eurytenes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurytenes abnormis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abnormis">Eurytenes abnormis</taxonomicName>
|
||
has not been recorded previously but this fly is known to attack
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ranunculaceae" genus="Anemone" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Anemone" order="Ranunculales" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Anemone</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Ranunculaceae" lsidName="Ranunculaceae" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" rank="genus">Ranunculaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Agromyzidae" genus="Phytomyza" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phytomyza fallaciosa" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fallaciosa">Phytomyza fallaciosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
Brischke:
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ranunculaceae" genus="Ranunculus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ranunculus repens" order="Ranunculales" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="repens">Ranunculus repens</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.,
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Ranunculaceae" lsidName="Ranunculaceae" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" rank="genus">Ranunculaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Agromyzidae" genus="Phytomyza" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phytomyza obscura" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscura">Phytomyza obscura</taxonomicName>
|
||
Hendel:
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Clinopodium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Clinopodium vulgare" order="Lamiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vulgare">Clinopodium vulgare</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.,
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Lamiaceae" lsidName="Lamiaceae" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" rank="genus">Lamiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Agromyzidae" genus="Phytomyza" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phytomyza pulmonariae" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulmonariae">Phytomyza pulmonariae</taxonomicName>
|
||
Nowakowski:
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Boraginaceae" genus="Pulmonaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pulmonaria angustifolia" order="Boraginales" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="angustifolia">Pulmonaria angustifolia</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.,
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Boraginaceae" lsidName="Boraginaceae" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" rank="genus">Boraginaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Agromyzidae" genus="Phytomyza" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phytomyza senecionis" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="senecionis">Phytomyza senecionis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Kaltenbach:
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Senecio" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Senecio nemorensis subsp. fuchsii" order="Asterales" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="nemorensis" subSpecies="fuchsii">Senecio nemorensis fuchsii</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Senecio" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Senecio fuchsii" order="Asterales" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fuchsii">Senecio fuchsii</taxonomicName>
|
||
Celak),
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Asteraceae" lsidName="Asteraceae" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" rank="genus">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="31">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
|
||
Previously recorded from throughout most of Europe (specifically Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, England, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Lithuania, Poland, western Russia as far as the Urals, and Ukraine). Also recorded from eastern Palaearctic (Korea and Sakhalin Island), central to eastern Canada (Ontario, Saskatchewan) and USA (Minnesota, Missouri, North Dakota, South Carolina). Specific references to individual records can be found in
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="8" pageNumber="31">Yu et al. (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for the most part; the record from the Urals is from
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Tobias, VI" editor="Tobias, VI" journalOrPublisher="Academia Nauk, Leningrad" pageId="16" pageNumber="39" pagination="7 - 100" title="Subfamily Opiinae." volumeTitle="Identification of Insects of European USSR. Volume III, Part V." year="1986">Tobias and Jakimavicius (1986)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Fischer, M" journalOrPublisher="Anzeiger der mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Klasse der Oesterreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" pagination="12 - 32" title="Die nearktischen Opiinae der Sammlung der Cornell University, Department of Entomology and Limnology, in Ithaca, New York (Hymenoptera, Braconidae)." volume="1970" year="1970">Fischer (1970)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recorded
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Eurytenes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurytenes abnormis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abnormis">Eurytenes abnormis</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Montana; however, the specimen on which it is based was collected in Missouri (label information only indicated the state as Mo.). The records from Sakhalin (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Tobias, VI" editor="Ler, PA" journalOrPublisher="Dal'nauka, Vladivostok" pageId="16" pageNumber="39" pagination="558 - 656" title="Subfamily Opiinae." volumeTitle="Key to the insects of Russian Far East." year="1998">Tobias 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and Korea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Papp, J" journalOrPublisher="Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae" pageId="16" pageNumber="39" pagination="341 - 365" title="Braconidae (Hymenoptera) from Korea, VII." volume="31" year="1985">Papp 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) may need to be verified in light of other species described from that general region. The specimens we have examined
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="9" pageNumber="32" start="start">from</pageBreakToken>
|
||
Taiwan and the Kuril Islands differ in wing venation, body coloration, and sculpture from typical
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Eurytenes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurytenes abnormis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abnormis">Eurytenes abnormis</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Papp, J" journalOrPublisher="Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae" pageId="16" pageNumber="39" pagination="341 - 365" title="Braconidae (Hymenoptera) from Korea, VII." volume="31" year="1985">Papp (1985)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also noted the darker coloration of the petiole of his Korean specimen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="32" type="comments">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="32">Comments.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Fischer, M" journalOrPublisher="Das Tierreich" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 620" title="Hymenoptera: Braconidae (Opiinae I)." volume="91" year="1972">Fischer (1972)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
treated
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Opius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Opius paradoxus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paradoxus">Opius paradoxus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Ratzeburg, 1848 as a nomen nudum, while
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Dalla Torre, CG" journalOrPublisher="G. Engelmann, Leipzig" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" title="Catalogus Hymenopterorum, IV. Braconidae." year="1898">Dalla Torre (1898)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
listed it with a query as a synonym under
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Eurytenes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurytenes abnormis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abnormis">Eurytenes abnormis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, undoubtedly following
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Marshall, TA" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Entomological Society of London" pageId="16" pageNumber="39" pagination="7 - 61" title="A monograph of British Braconidae. Part IV." volume="11" year="1891">Marshall (1891)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ratzeburg, JTC" journalOrPublisher="Nicolaischen Buchhandlung, Berlin" pageId="16" pageNumber="39" title="Die Ichneumonen der Forstinsecten in forstlicher und entomologischer Beziehung. Zweiter Band." year="1848">Ratzeburg (1848)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, in his treatment of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Opius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Opius" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Opius</taxonomicName>
|
||
, separated abnormis from all other species on the basis of the wing venation features that we now use to define
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Eurytenes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurytenes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eurytenes</taxonomicName>
|
||
s. str.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ratzeburg, JTC" journalOrPublisher="Nicolaischen Buchhandlung, Berlin" pageId="16" pageNumber="39" title="Die Ichneumonen der Forstinsecten in forstlicher und entomologischer Beziehung. Zweiter Band." year="1848">Ratzeburg (1848)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
initially states that only a single species, abnormis, belongs to the section of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Opius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Opius" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Opius</taxonomicName>
|
||
with the radius arising from the base of the stigma. In the following sentence, however, Ratzeburg introduces the name paradoxus, indicating that it also should be placed here. Though this can be interpreted to mean that Ratzeburg was treating paradoxus as a synonym of abnormis, nevertheless he also mentioned body coloration (dark) and clypeal characters (lack of opening between clypeus and mandibles) that differ from typical abnormis. Ratzeburg referred to
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bouché">Bouche</normalizedToken>
|
||
throughout when discussing paradoxus and abnormis, and at the end of his treatment gives information on a more typical pale specimen of abnormis reared by
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bouché">Bouche</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Whether intentional or otherwise, it would appear that
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ratzeburg, JTC" journalOrPublisher="Nicolaischen Buchhandlung, Berlin" pageId="16" pageNumber="39" title="Die Ichneumonen der Forstinsecten in forstlicher und entomologischer Beziehung. Zweiter Band." year="1848">Ratzeburg (1848)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
did provide a valid description of paradoxus with two characters that could be used to differentiate it from abnormis. However, his text could just as easily be interpreted to mean that paradoxus is invalid since it was first proposed as a synonym of abnormis. We prefer the latter interpretation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wu, Q" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica Fennica" pageId="16" pageNumber="39" pagination="225 - 232" title="Four new species of the genus Eurytenes Foerster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Opiinae) from China." volume="16" year="2006">Wu and Chen (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
were the first to use morphological features other than color for discriminating between species of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Eurytenes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurytenes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eurytenes</taxonomicName>
|
||
s. str. They used propodeal sculpture and the extent of the precoxal sulcus to differentiate their newly described
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Eurytenes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurytenes basinervis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="basinervis">Eurytenes basinervis</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Eurytenes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurytenes orientalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">Eurytenes orientalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Previously, (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Fischer, M" journalOrPublisher="Dr. W. Junk, The Haag" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" title="Revision der indo-australischen Opiinae." year="1966">Fischer (1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Fischer, M" journalOrPublisher="Linzer biologische Beitraege" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" pagination="21 - 51" title="Neue taxonomische Untersuchungen ueber Madenwespen der Alten Welt mit besonderer Beruecksichtigung der Gattungen Eurytenes Foerster, Aulonotus Ashmead, Biosteres Foerster und der Untergattung Gastrosema Fischer (Hymenoptera, Braconidae: Opiinae)." volume="30" year="1998">1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) used only color differences to distinguish between
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Eurytenes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurytenes orientalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">Eurytenes orientalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Eurytenes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurytenes abnormis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abnormis">Eurytenes abnormis</taxonomicName>
|
||
. We have noted differences among species in the shape of the clypeus, but the appearance of the ventral margin of the clypeus changes with angle of view, and the differences are subtle. All species appear to have a concave ventral margin if the ventral part of the head is strongly rotated anteriorly. When placed in the same plane of view, however, the clypeus of the New World species described here is more truncate ventrally than that of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Eurytenes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurytenes abnormis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abnormis">Eurytenes abnormis</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="32">
|
||
In addition to specimens listed in the material examined section above, two specimens from Poland and one from Germany (NHMW) were also briefly examined; data for these specimens were previously recorded by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Fischer, M" journalOrPublisher="Zeitschrift fuer angewandte Zoologie" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" pagination="65 - 88" title="Die von Dr. H. Buhr gezuechteten Opiinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae)." volume="56" year="1969 a">Fischer (1969a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Fischer, M" journalOrPublisher="Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" pagination="369 - 380" title="Ueber die von Dr. J. T. Nowakowski aus Agromyzidae und Ephydridae gezuechteten Opiinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae)." volume="39" year="1969 b">b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In our summary of references above, we have not included several papers that provide only distribution information. These can be found in
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="9" pageNumber="32">Yu et al. (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |