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<mods:title id="A83CE04A1ABB143775F0A0C041EBF3CC">Grass-dependent Thysanoptera of the family Thripidae from Australia</mods:title>
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<treatment id="F81587F0FF84764DFF40FCCCFBAC6C3F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6190264" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119419899" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6190264" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F81587F0FF84764DFF40FCCCFBAC6C3F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F81587F0FF84764DFF40FCCCFBAC6C3F" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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<paragraph id="700336E6FF84764EFF40FCCCFDE96EA2" blockId="33.[151,584,871,930]" box="[151,584,871,897]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<heading id="2B4B818AFF84764EFF40FCCCFDE96EA2" bold="true" box="[151,584,871,897]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="B7BC4D65FF84764EFF40FCCCFDE96EA2" ID-CoL="6ZJJT" authority="Bagnall" authorityName="Bagnall" box="[151,584,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Stenchaetothrips" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biformis">
<emphasis id="42C8EAF4FF84764EFF40FCCCFDE96EA2" bold="true" box="[151,584,871,897]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="42C8EAF4FF84764EFF40FCCCFE6C6EA2" bold="true" box="[151,461,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Stenchaetothrips biformis</emphasis>
(Bagnall)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="700336E6FF84764EFF40FC21FE866E81" blockId="33.[151,584,871,930]" box="[151,295,906,930]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
(
<figureCitation id="E8872A63FF84764EFF48FC21FEBF6E81" box="[159,286,906,930]" captionStart="FIGURES 76 85" captionStartId="28.[151,264,1706,1729]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,193,1685]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1436,193,1685]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURES 76 85. Grass living Thripinae. Monothrips cuspis 76 77: (76) sternites V VII; (77) tergites VI VIII. Monothrips flavus 78 79: (78) sternites V VII; (79) tergites VI VIII. (80) Stenchaetothrips bambusicola, head &amp; thorax. Stenchaetothrips biformis 81 83: (81) antenna; (82) tergites VI VIII; (83) head. Sten. bambusicola 84 - 85: (84) female sternites V-VII; (85) tergites VI VIII." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/200576/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Figs 8183</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="38A6656DFF84764DFF40FC79FBAC6C3F" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="700336E6FF84764EFF40FC79FE596924" blockId="33.[151,541,978,1031]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="50AC11C8FF84764EFF40FC79FE596924" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<taxonomicName id="B7BC4D65FF84764EFF40FC79FDBC6ECB" ID-CoL="KDG4" authority="Bagnall, 1913: 237" authorityName="Bagnall" authorityPageNumber="237" authorityYear="1913" box="[151,541,978,1000]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Bagnallia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biformis">
<emphasis id="42C8EAF4FF84764EFF40FC79FEF46ECB" box="[151,341,978,1000]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Bagnallia biformis</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="F11D10F7FF84764EFE8BFC79FDBC6ECB" author="Bagnall" box="[348,541,978,1000]" page="237" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" year="1913">
<bibRefCitation id="142D4B17FF84764EFE8BFC79FE4C6ECB" author="Bagnall" box="[348,493,978,1000]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refString="Bagnall, R. S. (1913) Further notes on new and rare British Thysanoptera (Terebrantia) with descriptions of new species. Journal of economic Biology, 8, 231 - 240." type="journal article" year="1913">Bagnall, 1913</bibRefCitation>
: 237
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="42C8EAF4FF84764EFF40FC5AFE836924" box="[151,290,1009,1031]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Thrips oryzae</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="F11D10F7FF84764EFEFEFC5AFE596924" author="Williams" box="[297,504,1009,1031]" page="353" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" year="1916">
<bibRefCitation id="142D4B17FF84764EFEFEFC5AFE696924" author="Williams" box="[297,456,1009,1031]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refString="Williams, C. B. (1916) Thrips oryzae sp. nov., injurious to rice in India. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 6, 353 - 355." type="journal article" year="1916">Williams, 1916</bibRefCitation>
: 353
</treatmentCitation>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="700336E6FF84764EFF40FB9FFE2269DC" blockId="33.[151,1437,1076,2037]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
Described originally from
<collectingCountry id="08AB7676FF84764EFE1EFB9FFD86696F" box="[457,551,1076,1100]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">England</collectingCountry>
on
<taxonomicName id="B7BC4D65FF84764EFD81FB9FFD76696F" ID-CoL="8W2CS" box="[598,727,1076,1100]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Phragmites" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="42C8EAF4FF84764EFD81FB9FFD76696F" box="[598,727,1076,1100]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Phragmites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the synonym listed above was described from
<taxonomicName id="B7BC4D65FF84764EFAD5FB9FFA9A696F" ID-CoL="8VYH4" box="[1282,1339,1076,1100]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="India" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="33" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<collectingCountry id="08AB7676FF84764EFAD5FB9FFA9A696F" box="[1282,1339,1076,1100]" name="India" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">India</collectingCountry>
</taxonomicName>
on rice,
<taxonomicName id="B7BC4D65FF84764EFF40FBF3FE846953" ID-CoL="6SZF3" box="[151,293,1112,1136]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Oryza" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sativa">
<emphasis id="42C8EAF4FF84764EFF40FBF3FE846953" box="[151,293,1112,1136]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Oryza sativa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and a further six synonyms are generally accepted as referring to the same species, the Oriental Rice Thrips (
<bibRefCitation id="142D4B17FF84764EFF38FBD7FEDC69B7" author="Bhatti" box="[239,381,1148,1172]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refString="Bhatti, J. S. (1982) Revision of the Indian species of Stenchaetothrips Bagnall. Oriental Insects, 16, 385 - 417." type="journal article" year="1982">Bhatti, 1982</bibRefCitation>
; Mound, 2011). This thrips is considered to be widespread across the Old World, from
<collectingCountry id="08AB7676FF84764EFA9FFBD7FF126994" name="Australia" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Australia</collectingCountry>
to Europe, and also introduced to South
<collectingCountry id="08AB7676FF84764EFDAAFB34FD406994" box="[637,737,1183,1207]" name="United States of America" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">America</collectingCountry>
. In contrast,
<bibRefCitation id="142D4B17FF84764EFCA7FB34FB9F6994" author="Vierbergen" box="[880,1086,1183,1207]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refString="Vierbergen, G. (2004) Eight species of thrips new for the Netherlands and some taxonomical changes in Stenchaetothrips, Thrips and Hoplothrips. Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica, 39, 199 - 209." type="journal article" year="2004">Vierbergen (2004)</bibRefCitation>
suggested that the “rice form”, from Asia and South
<collectingCountry id="08AB7676FF84764EFE58FB6FFE5269FF" box="[399,499,1220,1244]" name="United States of America" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">America</collectingCountry>
, is different from the form that lives on
<taxonomicName id="B7BC4D65FF84764EFC10FB6FFBE969FF" ID-CoL="8W2CS" box="[967,1096,1220,1244]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Phragmites" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="42C8EAF4FF84764EFC10FB6FFBE969FF" box="[967,1096,1220,1244]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Phragmites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Europe, and discriminated these two as follows:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="700336E6FF84764EFF1BFAA7FC696864" blockId="33.[151,1437,1076,2037]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">“rice form” - postocular setae I absent; antennal segments IV and V length/width ratios less than 1.9 and 1.8; pronotum with 8 discal setae; sternites IVVI of female with pore plates;</paragraph>
<paragraph id="700336E6FF84764EFF12FAFFFB1068B3" blockId="33.[151,1437,1076,2037]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<taxonomicName id="B7BC4D65FF84764EFF06FAFFFEF3684F" ID-CoL="8W2CS" box="[209,338,1364,1388]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Phragmites" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="42C8EAF4FF84764EFF06FAFFFEF3684F" box="[209,338,1364,1388]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Phragmites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
form” - postocular setae I usually present; antennal segments IV and V length/width ratios more than 2.4 and 2.0; pronotum with about 18 discal setae; sternites of female without pore plates.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="700336E6FF84764EFF12FA37FDDF6A3F" blockId="33.[151,1437,1076,2037]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
The illustration accompanying the original description of
<emphasis id="42C8EAF4FF84764EFC8FFA36FC026897" box="[856,931,1437,1460]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">oryzae</emphasis>
indicates the presence of postocular setae I, contrary to Vierbergens “rice form”.
<bibRefCitation id="142D4B17FF84764EFDEAFA6BFD7268FB" author="Bhatti" box="[573,723,1472,1496]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refString="Bhatti, J. S. (1982) Revision of the Indian species of Stenchaetothrips Bagnall. Oriental Insects, 16, 385 - 417." type="journal article" year="1982">Bhatti (1982)</bibRefCitation>
reported that “
<typeStatus id="AF078844FF84764EFCADFA6BFC4168FB" box="[890,992,1472,1496]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
” of this species he studied had this pair of setae either present or absent, and the slide in the BMNH collection labelled “
<typeStatus id="AF078844FF84764EFBCBFA4FFBC768DF" box="[1052,1126,1508,1532]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">TYPE</typeStatus>
” has this pair of setae present. Moreover, six of the
<typeStatus id="AF078844FF84764EFE60F9A2FD836B02" box="[439,546,1545,1569]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
have one or both of these setae present, although both setae are absent in four other
<typeStatus id="AF078844FF84764EFF0DF986FEE86B66" box="[218,329,1581,1605]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
. None of these females has any sternal pore plates visible, although all of them are imperfectly cleared.
<bibRefCitation id="142D4B17FF84764EFF2EF9FBFE4E6B4B" author="Williams" box="[249,495,1616,1640]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refString="Williams, C. B. (1916) Thrips oryzae sp. nov., injurious to rice in India. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 6, 353 - 355." type="journal article" year="1916">Williams (1916: 355)</bibRefCitation>
stated “
<typeStatus id="AF078844FF84764EFD86F9FAFD226B4B" box="[593,643,1617,1640]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="42C8EAF4FF84764EFD86F9FAFD226B4B" box="[593,643,1617,1640]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Type</emphasis>
</typeStatus>
in the British Museum” therefore the specimen labelled as “
<typeStatus id="AF078844FF84764EFA9FF9FBFA336B4B" box="[1352,1426,1616,1640]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">TYPE</typeStatus>
” should be considered the
<typeStatus id="AF078844FF84764EFE6EF9DFFDBA6BAF" box="[441,539,1652,1676]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
according to the Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Of the
<typeStatus id="AF078844FF84764EFB12F9DEFB546BAE" box="[1221,1269,1653,1677]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">type</typeStatus>
series of
<taxonomicName id="B7BC4D65FF84764EFAB2F9DEFE9D6B93" ID-CoL="KDG4" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Bagnallia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biformis">
<emphasis id="42C8EAF4FF84764EFAB2F9DEFE9D6B93" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Bagnallia biformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, only one female and one male remain suitable for study (the other specimens are in a mountant that has turned black). The female, labelled
<typeStatus id="AF078844FF84764EFDB0F916FD7B6BF6" box="[615,730,1725,1749]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
, has the left but not the right seta of postocular setae pair I, whereas the male has both of these setae. There is thus little support from the
<typeStatus id="AF078844FF84764EFBD8F94AFB9E6BDA" box="[1039,1087,1761,1785]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">type</typeStatus>
specimens of the two nominal species for Vierbergens (2004) conclusion.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="700336E6FF84764DFF12F882FBAC6C3F" blockId="33.[151,1437,1076,2037]" lastBlockId="34.[151,1436,151,284]" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
In
<collectingCountry id="08AB7676FF84764EFF33F883FEEF6A63" box="[228,334,1832,1856]" name="Australia" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Australia</collectingCountry>
, this thrips has not been recorded from rice, but it is widespread in eastern Queensland on grasses in damp places, and a total of 22 slide-mounted individuals have been examined. Of these, seven lacked either one or both of postocular setal pair I, whereas 15 had both setae well developed. None of these specimens had more than eight pronotal discal setae, and none of the females had any sternal pore plates.
<bibRefCitation id="142D4B17FF84764EFB83F83FFA836A8F" author="Vierbergen" box="[1108,1314,1940,1964]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refString="Vierbergen, G. (2004) Eight species of thrips new for the Netherlands and some taxonomical changes in Stenchaetothrips, Thrips and Hoplothrips. Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica, 39, 199 - 209." type="journal article" year="2004">Vierbergen (2004)</bibRefCitation>
stated that he had studied
<specimenCount id="66BAFD6FFF84764EFEE9F813FE746AF3" box="[318,469,1976,2000]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="generic">18 specimens</specimenCount>
of the “rice form”, but all of these were from
<collectingCountry id="08AB7676FF84764EFC03F813FB966AF3" box="[980,1079,1976,2000]" name="Suriname" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Surinam</collectingCountry>
. Since this species is introduced to South
<collectingCountry id="08AB7676FF84764EFF2BF877FEFE6AD7" box="[252,351,2012,2036]" name="United States of America" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">America</collectingCountry>
, it is likely that the introduced population will have gone through a genetic bottle neck, and thus exhibit a limited range of variation in comparison to that found in Asian populations.
<bibRefCitation id="142D4B17FF87764DFB87FF3CFB446D8C" author="Bhatti" box="[1104,1253,151,175]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refString="Bhatti, J. S. (1982) Revision of the Indian species of Stenchaetothrips Bagnall. Oriental Insects, 16, 385 - 417." type="journal article" year="1982">Bhatti (1982)</bibRefCitation>
summarised the variation exhibited by the rice thrips, within and between populations derived from various Asian localities as well as Europe. His interpretation of this as representing a single widespread species that breeds on various
<taxonomicName id="B7BC4D65FF87764DFAF4FF4BFADE6DD4" ID-CoL="627FW" box="[1315,1407,224,247]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
in damp habitats, including rice, is here considered the most appropriate decision.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>