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<mods:title id="727D47A62ACB62B1956F4766AC318678">Reassessment of the status of some European and Asian Melitaea taxa described as subspecies of Melitaea phoebe ([Denis &amp; Schiffermüller], 1775), with designations of lectotypes where appropriate (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9A0B431A3E391F85DC11B16352BB2331">Russell, Peter J. C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6EB3B1B7ADC23382FD098BB4102FF564">Lukhtanov, Vladimir A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="D3AB35CF14BC90E1D68207146E1D7CF4">Department of Karyosystematics, Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya nab. 1, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia.</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName id="94C24D25FFF1FFEFE1FD073AFDCCF8B8" authority="Toth &amp; Varga, 2011" authorityName="Toth &amp; Varga" authorityYear="2011" box="[199,623,1888,1915]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zagrosi">
<emphasis id="61B6EAB4FFF1FFEFE1FD073AFE25F8B8" bold="true" box="[199,390,1888,1915]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="34">Melitaea zagrosi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="37534B57FFF1FFEFE0B4073BFDCCF8B8" author="Toth, J. P. &amp; Varga, Z." box="[398,623,1889,1915]" pageId="9" pageNumber="34" pagination="258 - 268" refId="ref11248" refString="Toth, J. P. &amp; Varga, Z. (2011) Inter- and intraspecific variation in the genitalia of the ' Melitaea phoebe group' (Lepidoptera. Nymphalidae). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 250, 258 - 268. [6 pp. of Appendix with key and figures of genitalia only present in the on-line version, www. sciencedirect. com] https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jcz. 2011.05.002" type="book chapter" year="2011">Tóth &amp; Varga, 2011</bibRefCitation>
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[TL:
<collectingCountry id="2BD57636FFF1FFEFE389073BFD40F8B8" box="[691,739,1889,1915]" name="Iran" pageId="9" pageNumber="34">Iran</collectingCountry>
, between Kazeroun and Buschir (Konar Takhteh)], subjective junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="94C24D25FFF1FFEFE05507DFFD67F85C" authority="Higgins, 1941" authorityName="Higgins" authorityYear="1941" box="[367,708,1925,1951]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="enoch">
<emphasis id="61B6EAB4FFF1FFEFE05507DFFDBEF85C" box="[367,541,1925,1951]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="34">Melitaea enoch</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="37534B57FFF1FFEFE31E07DFFD67F85C" author="Higgins, L. G." box="[548,708,1925,1951]" pageId="9" pageNumber="34" pagination="175 - 365" refId="ref9372" refString="Higgins, L. G. (1941) An illustrated catalogue of the Palearctic Melitaea (Lep. Rhopalocera). Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 91, 175 - 365. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1941. tb 01045. x" type="journal article" year="1941">Higgins, 1941</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="61B6EAB4FFF1FFEFE3EE07DFFC9EF85C" bold="true" box="[724,829,1925,1951]" pageId="9" pageNumber="34">syn. nov.</emphasis>
). This taxon was distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="94C24D25FFF1FFEFE5DB07DCFA3FF85C" baseAuthorityName="Toth &amp; Varga" baseAuthorityYear="2011" box="[1249,1436,1925,1951]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="ornata" subSpecies="abbas">
<emphasis id="61B6EAB4FFF1FFEFE5DB07DCFA3FF85C" box="[1249,1436,1925,1951]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="34">M. ornata abbas</emphasis>
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on the basis of genitalia and wing patterns by
<bibRefCitation id="37534B57FFF1FFEFE39A07F3FC2CF800" author="Toth, J. P. &amp; Varga, Z." box="[672,911,1961,1987]" pageId="9" pageNumber="34" pagination="258 - 268" refId="ref11248" refString="Toth, J. P. &amp; Varga, Z. (2011) Inter- and intraspecific variation in the genitalia of the ' Melitaea phoebe group' (Lepidoptera. Nymphalidae). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 250, 258 - 268. [6 pp. of Appendix with key and figures of genitalia only present in the on-line version, www. sciencedirect. com] https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jcz. 2011.05.002" type="book chapter" year="2011">Tóth &amp; Varga (2011)</bibRefCitation>
.
<bibRefCitation id="37534B57FFF1FFEFE2A107F3FA8AF807" author="Van Oorschot, H. &amp; Coutsis, J. G." box="[923,1321,1961,1988]" pageId="9" pageNumber="34" refId="ref11693" refString="Van Oorschot, H. &amp; Coutsis, J. G. (2014) The genus Melitaea Fabricius, 1807 (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Nymphalinae) Taxonomy and systematics with special reference to the male genitalia. Tshikolovets publications, Pardubice, Czech Republic, 360 pp." type="book" year="2014">van Oorschot &amp; Coutsis (2014: 64)</bibRefCitation>
discussed at great length the characters used to distinguish this taxon and considered that they were not sufficiently reliable as diagnostic characters, particularly in view of the fact that the
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Locality of
<taxonomicName id="94C24D25FFF2FFECE50600CDFB2EFF73" authorityName="Toth &amp; Varga" authorityYear="2011" box="[1084,1165,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zagrosi">
<emphasis id="61B6EAB4FFF2FFECE50600CDFB2EFF73" box="[1084,1165,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="35">zagrosi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was in the midst of the distribution of
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<emphasis id="61B6EAB4FFF2FFECE00300E1FE4DFF16" box="[313,494,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="35">M. ornata abbas</emphasis>
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in the Zagrosi Mountains (
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Tshikolovets
<emphasis id="61B6EAB4FFF2FFECE29D00E1FC75FF16" box="[935,982,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="35">et al</emphasis>
. 2014: 320
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, map).Although
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Tshikolovets
<emphasis id="61B6EAB4FFF2FFECE1AD0085FF65FF3A" box="[151,198,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="35">et al</emphasis>
. (2014)
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sank
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<emphasis id="61B6EAB4FFF2FFECE0630085FE6EFF3B" box="[345,461,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="35">M. zagrosi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in synonymy with
<taxonomicName id="94C24D25FFF2FFECE3A70085FCF0FF3A" baseAuthorityName="Toth &amp; Varga" baseAuthorityYear="2011" box="[669,851,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="ornata" subSpecies="abbas">
<emphasis id="61B6EAB4FFF2FFECE3A70085FCF0FF3A" box="[669,851,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="35">M. ornata abbas</emphasis>
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, they acknowledged that there is insufficient material to reach a conclusion regarding the status of the two taxa. The present authors only additional comment is that the elevation of the
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Localities of
<taxonomicName id="94C24D25FFF2FFECE310017DFCFBFE82" baseAuthorityName="Toth &amp; Varga" baseAuthorityYear="2011" box="[554,856,294,321]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="ornata" subSpecies="abbas">
<emphasis id="61B6EAB4FFF2FFECE310017DFD4BFE82" box="[554,744,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="35">M. ornata abbas</emphasis>
(
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)
</taxonomicName>
and the taxon
<taxonomicName id="94C24D25FFF2FFECE53F017DFBF5FE83" authorityName="Toth &amp; Varga" authorityYear="2011" box="[1029,1110,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zagrosi">
<emphasis id="61B6EAB4FFF2FFECE53F017DFBF5FE83" box="[1029,1110,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="35">zagrosi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
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Konartakhteh) are very different and environmental differences might account for the differences in wing morphology.
<bibRefCitation id="37534B57FFF2FFECE4390111FEC1FE4A" author="Van Oorschot, H. &amp; Coutsis, J. G." pageId="10" pageNumber="35" refId="ref11693" refString="Van Oorschot, H. &amp; Coutsis, J. G. (2014) The genus Melitaea Fabricius, 1807 (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Nymphalinae) Taxonomy and systematics with special reference to the male genitalia. Tshikolovets publications, Pardubice, Czech Republic, 360 pp." type="book" year="2014">Van Oorschot &amp; Coutsis (2014)</bibRefCitation>
have already suggested that small differences in genitalia measurements could be accounted for by the coverslips compressing the genitalia on the slide. Recently
<bibRefCitation id="37534B57FFF2FFECE28301C9FB24FE6D" author="Toth, J. P. &amp; Varga, Z. &amp; Bereczki, J." box="[953,1159,403,430]" pageId="10" pageNumber="35" pagination="106 - 115" refId="ref11405" refString="Toth, J. P., Varga, Z. &amp; Bereczki, J. (2016) Long-term survival and diversification of an endemic Melitaea species in mountains of Iran and adjacent areas. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 54 (2), 106 - 115. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jzs. 12122" type="journal article" year="2016">
Tóth
<emphasis id="61B6EAB4FFF2FFECE2CD01C9FB89FE6E" box="[1015,1066,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="35">et al</emphasis>
. (2016)
</bibRefCitation>
, using a combination of morphometric measurements on the genitalia and DNA, elevated the taxon
<taxonomicName id="94C24D25FFF2FFECE2DA01EDFB80FE12" authorityName="Gross &amp; Ebert" authorityYear="1975" box="[992,1059,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abbas">
<emphasis id="61B6EAB4FFF2FFECE2DA01EDFB80FE12" box="[992,1059,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="35">abbas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to species level and synonymised the taxon
<taxonomicName id="94C24D25FFF2FFECE0390181FEF7FE37" authorityName="Toth &amp; Varga" authorityYear="2011" box="[259,340,475,500]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zagrosi">
<emphasis id="61B6EAB4FFF2FFECE0390181FEF7FE37" box="[259,340,475,500]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="35">zagrosi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with it, in contrast to their previous conclusions, which elevated
<taxonomicName id="94C24D25FFF2FFECE5190181FBD7FE37" authorityName="Toth &amp; Varga" authorityYear="2011" box="[1059,1140,475,500]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zagrosi">
<emphasis id="61B6EAB4FFF2FFECE5190181FBD7FE37" box="[1059,1140,475,500]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="35">zagrosi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to species level separating it from
<taxonomicName id="94C24D25FFF2FFECE1D201A5FD2EFDDA" authority="(Toth &amp; Varga 2011)" baseAuthorityName="Toth &amp; Varga" baseAuthorityYear="2011" box="[232,653,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="ornata" subSpecies="abbas">
<emphasis id="61B6EAB4FFF2FFECE1D201A5FE03FDDA" box="[232,416,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="35">M. ornata abbas</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="37534B57FFF2FFECE09701A5FD26FDDA" author="Toth, J. P. &amp; Varga, Z." box="[429,645,511,537]" pageId="10" pageNumber="35" pagination="258 - 268" refId="ref11248" refString="Toth, J. P. &amp; Varga, Z. (2011) Inter- and intraspecific variation in the genitalia of the ' Melitaea phoebe group' (Lepidoptera. Nymphalidae). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 250, 258 - 268. [6 pp. of Appendix with key and figures of genitalia only present in the on-line version, www. sciencedirect. com] https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jcz. 2011.05.002" type="book chapter" year="2011">Tóth &amp; Varga 2011</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, with further research by
<bibRefCitation id="37534B57FFF2FFECE29F01A5FBC5FDDA" author="Toth, J. P. &amp; Bereczki, J. &amp; Varga, Z. &amp; Rota, J. &amp; Sramko, G. &amp; Wahlberg, N." box="[933,1126,511,537]" pageId="10" pageNumber="35" pagination="749 - 757" refId="ref11329" refString="Toth, J. P., Bereczki, J., Varga, Z., Rota, J., Sramko, G. &amp; Wahlberg, N. (2014) Relationships within the Melitaea phoebe species group (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae): new insights from molecular and morphometric information. Systematic Entomology, 39, 749 - 757. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / syen. 12083" type="journal article" year="2014">
Tóth
<emphasis id="61B6EAB4FFF2FFECE2E501A5FBACFDDA" box="[991,1039,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="35">et al</emphasis>
. (2014)
</bibRefCitation>
confirming this conclusion. However, their current thinking (
<bibRefCitation id="37534B57FFF2FFECE32C0279FD7AFDFD" author="Toth, J. P. &amp; Varga, Z. &amp; Bereczki, J." box="[534,729,547,574]" pageId="10" pageNumber="35" pagination="106 - 115" refId="ref11405" refString="Toth, J. P., Varga, Z. &amp; Bereczki, J. (2016) Long-term survival and diversification of an endemic Melitaea species in mountains of Iran and adjacent areas. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 54 (2), 106 - 115. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jzs. 12122" type="journal article" year="2016">
Tóth
<emphasis id="61B6EAB4FFF2FFECE36D0279FD2FFDFE" box="[599,652,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="35">et al</emphasis>
. 2016
</bibRefCitation>
), appeared to be that
<taxonomicName id="94C24D25FFF2FFECE2E00279FBE5FDFE" authorityName="Gross &amp; Ebert" authorityYear="1975" box="[986,1094,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abbas">
<emphasis id="61B6EAB4FFF2FFECE2E00279FBE5FDFE" box="[986,1094,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="35">M. abbas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a species distinct from
<taxonomicName id="94C24D25FFF2FFECE4440279FF4BFDA2" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phoebe">
<emphasis id="61B6EAB4FFF2FFECE4440279FF4BFDA2" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="35">M. phoebe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="94C24D25FFF2FFECE1CF021DFEC6FDA3" authorityName=", Russell &amp; Tennent" authorityYear="2016" box="[245,357,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ornata">
<emphasis id="61B6EAB4FFF2FFECE1CF021DFEC6FDA3" box="[245,357,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="35">M. ornata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="94C24D25FFF2FFECE0A3021DFDA0FDA2" authorityName="Fruhstorfer" authorityYear="1908" box="[409,515,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="telona">
<emphasis id="61B6EAB4FFF2FFECE0A3021DFDA0FDA2" box="[409,515,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="35">M. telona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and that the taxon
<taxonomicName id="94C24D25FFF2FFECE3EE021DFC86FDA3" authorityName="Toth &amp; Varga" authorityYear="2011" box="[724,805,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zagrosi">
<emphasis id="61B6EAB4FFF2FFECE3EE021DFC86FDA3" box="[724,805,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="35">zagrosi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="94C24D25FFF2FFECE2C8021DFBF9FDA2" authorityName="Gross &amp; Ebert" authorityYear="1975" box="[1010,1114,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abbas">
<emphasis id="61B6EAB4FFF2FFECE2C8021DFBF9FDA2" box="[1010,1114,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="35">M. abbas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. We place
<taxonomicName id="94C24D25FFF2FFECE5E8021DFA80FDA3" authorityName="Toth &amp; Varga" authorityYear="2011" box="[1234,1315,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zagrosi">
<emphasis id="61B6EAB4FFF2FFECE5E8021DFA80FDA3" box="[1234,1315,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="35">zagrosi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a junior subjective synonym of
<taxonomicName id="94C24D25FFF2FFECE0A60231FDA7FD46" authorityName="Higgins" authorityYear="1941" box="[412,516,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="enoch">
<emphasis id="61B6EAB4FFF2FFECE0A60231FDA7FD46" box="[412,516,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="35">M. enoch</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>