415 lines
42 KiB
XML
415 lines
42 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.5.66574" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1eeab920-eeb6-4e97-90c8-789e9abfe443" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183122960" ID-Pensoft-Pub="2535-0730-1-129" ID-Pensoft-UUID="2ECF0203159E56BCBC920189956612EF" ID-ZooBank="03620F93FD7A4396B158554FD9866350" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:81045CF9-665A-4E9C-A563-4794208D0A40" ModsDocID="2535-0730-5-1-129" checkinTime="1624393754037" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Liu, Shuo, Hou, Mian, Lwin, Ye Htet, Wang, Qiaoyan & Rao, Dingqi" docDate="2021" docId="A19208A857AF59B391EBF868F6C55A94" docLanguage="en" docName="EvolutSyst 5(1): 129-139" docOrigin="Evolutionary Systematics 5 (1)" docPubDate="2021-06-22" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.5.66574" docTitle="Gonyosoma coeruleum Liu & Hou & Lwin & Wang & Rao 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="81045CF9-665A-4E9C-A563-4794208D0A40" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="3" id="2ECF0203159E56BCBC920189956612EF" lastPageNumber="129" masterDocId="2ECF0203159E56BCBC920189956612EF" masterDocTitle="A new species of Gonyosoma Wagler, 1828 (Serpentes, Colubridae), previously confused with G. prasinum (Blyth, 1854)" masterLastPageNumber="139" masterPageNumber="129" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" updateTime="1643429855214" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A new species of Gonyosoma Wagler, 1828 (Serpentes, Colubridae), previously confused with G. prasinum (Blyth, 1854)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Liu, Shuo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Kunming Natural History Museum of Zoology, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Hou, Mian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>College of Continuing (Online) Education, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610066, China</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lwin, Ye Htet</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7812-1377</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nay Pyi Taw, 05282, Myanmar</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Wang, Qiaoyan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Research Institute of Xishuangbanna National Nature Reserve, Jinghong, 666100, China</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Rao, Dingqi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">raodq@mail.kiz.ac.cn</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Evolutionary Systematics</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2021-06-22</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>5</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>129</mods:start>
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<mods:end>139</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.5.66574</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.5.66574</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">2535-0730-1-129</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">03620F93FD7A4396B158554FD9866350</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">2ECF0203159E56BCBC920189956612EF</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="183122960" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:81045CF9-665A-4E9C-A563-4794208D0A40" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A19208A857AF59B391EBF868F6C55A94" lastPageNumber="129" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="129" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="129">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/81045CF9-665A-4E9C-A563-4794208D0A40" authority="Liu & Hou & Lwin & Wang & Rao, 2021" authorityName="Liu & Hou & Lwin & Wang & Rao" authorityYear="2021" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Gonyosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gonyosoma coeruleum" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coeruleum" status="sp. nov.">Gonyosoma coeruleum</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="129">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Type series of Gonyosoma coeruleum sp. nov. in preservative. A dorsal view B ventral view." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/558425" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Figs 2</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Head views of the holotype (KIZ 2019028) of Gonyosoma coeruleum sp. nov. in preservative. A dorsal B ventral C right D left." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/558426" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">, 3</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Comparisons of the colors of iris, the colors of inside of mouth, and the precloacal plates. A, C, and E the holotype (KIZ 2019028) of Gonyosoma coeruleum sp. nov. B, D, and F the specimen (SEABRI 2019120043) of G. prasinum." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/558427" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">, 4A, C, E</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. The specimens of Gonyosoma coeruleum sp. nov. and G. prasinum in life. A the female paratype (KIZ 20200729) of Gonyosoma coeruleum sp. nov. B the juvenile paratype (KIZ 20200904) of Gonyosoma coeruleum sp. nov. C the specimen (SEABRI 2019120043) of G. prasinum from Myanmar D the specimen (SEABRI 2019120075) of G. prasinum from Myanmar." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/558428" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">, 5A, B</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. A habitat at the type locality of Gonyosoma coeruleum sp. nov. B Gonyosoma coeruleum sp. nov. asleep on a tree at night." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/558430" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">, 7B</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="129" type="holotype">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Holotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="129">
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KIZ2019028, adult female, Mengla County, Xishuangbanna Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China, 29 April 2019,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="21" direction="north" minutes="32" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="12" value="21.536667">21°32'12"N</geoCoordinate>
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, 101°32'51" E, 900 m a.s.l.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="129" type="paratypes">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Paratypes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="129">
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KIZ2019025, one adult female and KIZ2019026-KIZ2019027, two adult males, Mengla County, Xishuangbanna Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China, 4 May 2019,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="21" direction="north" minutes="55" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="9" value="21.919167">21°55'9"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="101" direction="east" minutes="32" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="12" value="101.53667">101°32'12"E</geoCoordinate>
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, 890 m, a.s.l. KIZ20200729, adult female, collected from Zhenyuan County, Puer City, Yunnan Province, China, 29 July 2020,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="24" direction="north" minutes="3" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="37" value="24.060278">24°3'37"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="101" direction="east" minutes="3" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="43" value="101.06195">101°3'43"E</geoCoordinate>
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, 1,240 m a.s.l. KIZ20200904, one juvenile, collected from Menglian County, Puer City, Yunnan Province, China, 3 September 2020,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="22" direction="north" minutes="10" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="16" value="22.17111">22°10'16"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="99" direction="east" minutes="18" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="31" value="99.30862">99°18'31"E</geoCoordinate>
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,1,200 m a.s.l.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="129" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="129">
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The specific epithet "
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Liu & Hou & Lwin & Wang & Rao" authorityYear="2021" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Gonyosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gonyosoma coeruleum" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coeruleum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Gonyosoma coeruleum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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" is the neutral gender of the Latin adjective
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">coeruleus</emphasis>
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(a, um) meaning
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“blue”">"blue"</normalizedToken>
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, and is given in reference to the coloration of the iris of this species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="129" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Body size medium (SVL 656-833mm in adults); body slender, head elongated and distinct from neck; large eyes with round pupil; tail long (23-28% of total length) and slender; dorsal scales in 19-19-15 rows, 7-11 rows of mid-dorsal scales keeled; single preocular; two postoculars; one or two anterior temporals and two or three posterior temporals; 189-202 ventral scales; 89-106 paired subcaudals; precloacal plate divided. Dorsal surface bright green with brownish-yellow tip of tail, iris blue, inside of mouth greyish white; tongue brownish yellow with black tips.</paragraph>
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<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/558425" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="129">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Figure 2.</emphasis>
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Type series of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Liu & Hou & Lwin & Wang & Rao" authorityYear="2021" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Gonyosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gonyosoma coeruleum" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coeruleum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Gonyosoma coeruleum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. in preservative.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">A</emphasis>
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dorsal view
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">B</emphasis>
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ventral view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="129" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Description of the holotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Head elongate, distinct from the neck, flattened, longer than wide, narrowed anteriorly; nostril lateral; eye large, pupils round; rostral triangular, broader than high, visible from above; nasal divided into two scales; two internasals, wider than high, bordered by two large prefrontals posteriorly; frontal single, enlarged, pentagonal, narrowed posteriorly; parietals longer than wide, in contact with each other; supralabials 8/9, first and second in contact with the prenasal and postnasal, third and fourth entering orbit on left side, fourth and sixth entering orbit on right side, eighth largest; infralabials 10/10, first pair in broad contact with each other, first to fifth in contact with anterior pair of chin shields; anterior and posterior pairs of chin shields elongate, second pair meeting in midline; preocular 1/1; postoculars 2/2, lower ones smaller, bordering anterior temporals; anterior temporals 2/2, posterior temporals 2/2. SVL 814 mm; TaL 245 mm; TaL/TL 0.23; DSR 19-19-15, nine rows keeled in the vertebral region, otherwise smooth; ventrals 202 with a lateral keel; subcaudals 89, paired; precloacal plate divided.</paragraph>
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<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/558426" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="129">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Figure 3.</emphasis>
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Head views of the holotype (KIZ2019028) of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Liu & Hou & Lwin & Wang & Rao" authorityYear="2021" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Gonyosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gonyosoma coeruleum" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coeruleum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Gonyosoma coeruleum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. in preservative.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">A</emphasis>
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dorsal
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">B</emphasis>
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ventral
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">C</emphasis>
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right
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">D</emphasis>
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left.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="129" type="color of holotype in life">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Color of holotype in life.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Dorsal surface bright green with brownish-yellow tip of tail, reticulate pattern consisting of yellow, black, and white on the interstitial skin; upper lips yellowish-green; anterior ventral surface greenish-white and posterior ventral surface light green; tip of tail brownish-yellow on its ventral surface; ventrals outside the lateral keel usually yellowish-white; iris blue; pale grey inside of mouth; tongue brownish-yellow with black tips.</paragraph>
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<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/558427" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="129">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Figure 4.</emphasis>
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Comparisons of the colors of iris, the colors of inside of mouth, and the precloacal plates.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">A, C</emphasis>
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, and
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">E</emphasis>
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the holotype (KIZ2019028) of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Liu & Hou & Lwin & Wang & Rao" authorityYear="2021" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Gonyosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gonyosoma coeruleum" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coeruleum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Gonyosoma coeruleum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">B, D</emphasis>
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, and
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">F</emphasis>
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the specimen (SEABRI2019120043) of
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<taxonomicName genus="G." lsidName="G. prasinum" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" rank="species" species="prasinum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">G. prasinum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="129" type="variation">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Variations.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="129">The paratypes resemble the holotype in most aspects except that the rows of mid-dorsal scales keeled vary from seven to eleven, anterior temporals vary from one to two, and posterior temporals vary from two to three in paratypes; moreover, the male paratype KIZ2019027 has a relatively longer tail (TaL/TL 0.28).</paragraph>
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<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/558428" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="129">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Figure 5.</emphasis>
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The specimens of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Liu & Hou & Lwin & Wang & Rao" authorityYear="2021" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Gonyosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gonyosoma coeruleum" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coeruleum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Gonyosoma coeruleum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. and
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<taxonomicName genus="G." lsidName="G. prasinum" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" rank="species" species="prasinum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">G. prasinum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in life.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">A</emphasis>
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the female paratype (KIZ20200729) of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Liu & Hou & Lwin & Wang & Rao" authorityYear="2021" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Gonyosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gonyosoma coeruleum" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coeruleum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Gonyosoma coeruleum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">B</emphasis>
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the juvenile paratype (KIZ20200904) of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Liu & Hou & Lwin & Wang & Rao" authorityYear="2021" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Gonyosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gonyosoma coeruleum" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coeruleum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Gonyosoma coeruleum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">C</emphasis>
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the specimen (SEABRI2019120043) of
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<taxonomicName genus="G." lsidName="G. prasinum" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" rank="species" species="prasinum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">G. prasinum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from Myanmar
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">D</emphasis>
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the specimen (SEABRI2019120075) of
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<taxonomicName genus="G." lsidName="G. prasinum" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" rank="species" species="prasinum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">G. prasinum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from Myanmar.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="129" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="129">
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Liu & Hou & Lwin & Wang & Rao" authorityYear="2021" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Gonyosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gonyosoma coeruleum" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coeruleum">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Gonyosoma coeruleum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov. is currently known from Xishuangbanna Autonomous Prefecture and Puer City, Yunnan Province, China (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Map showing the type locality of Gonyosoma coeruleum sp. nov. (blue star) in Mengla County, Yunnan Province, China; the other collection sites of Gonyosoma coeruleum sp. nov. in Zhenyuan County (blue pentagon) and Menglian County (blue triangle), Yunnan Province, China; the type locality (green square) of G. prasinum in Assam, India; and the new collection site (green dot) of G. prasinum in Htamanthi wildlife sanctuary, Sagaing, Myanmar." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/558429" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">6</figureCitation>
|
|
), it is probably also distributed in other parts of Yunnan Province and Sichuan, Guizhou, and Hainan Province, China, as well as Southern Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, and Vietnam.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/558429" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="129">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Figure 6.</emphasis>
|
|
Map showing the type locality of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Liu & Hou & Lwin & Wang & Rao" authorityYear="2021" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Gonyosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gonyosoma coeruleum" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coeruleum">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Gonyosoma coeruleum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov. (blue star) in Mengla County, Yunnan Province, China; the other collection sites of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Liu & Hou & Lwin & Wang & Rao" authorityYear="2021" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Gonyosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gonyosoma coeruleum" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coeruleum">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Gonyosoma coeruleum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov. in Zhenyuan County (blue pentagon) and Menglian County (blue triangle), Yunnan Province, China; the type locality (green square) of
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="G." lsidName="G. prasinum" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" rank="species" species="prasinum">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">G. prasinum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
in Assam, India; and the new collection site (green dot) of
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="G." lsidName="G. prasinum" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" rank="species" species="prasinum">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">G. prasinum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
in Htamanthi wildlife sanctuary, Sagaing, Myanmar.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="129" type="natural history">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Natural history.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="129">The specimens from Mengla County were collected on big trees bordering rivers, the specimen from Zhenyuan County was collected on a big tree on the side of a small road in forest, and the specimen from Menglian County was collected on a small tree bordering a stream. All specimens were found at night while they were asleep on tree branches, what shows that this species is diurnal. Through direct observation, we found that they like to feed on small rodents, and whether they also prey on other animals is unknown.</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="129" type="comparisons">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Comparisons.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="129">
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Liu & Hou & Lwin & Wang & Rao" authorityYear="2021" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Gonyosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gonyosoma coeruleum" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coeruleum">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Gonyosoma coeruleum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov. can be distinguished from
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="G." lsidName="G. boulengeri" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" rank="species" species="boulengeri">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">G. boulengeri</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
in lacking a nasal appendage (vs. rostral distinct from the nasal appendage), and no dark stripe behind the eye (vs. an indistinct dark stripe behind the eye) (
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.19256" author="Mocquard, F" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire naturelle" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" pagination="211 - 217" refId="B23" refString="Mocquard, F, 1897. Notes herpetologiques. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire naturelle 3: 211 - 217, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.19256" title="Notes herpetologiques." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.19256" volume="3" year="1897">Mocquard 1897</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Smith, MA" journalOrPublisher="Taylor and Francis, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" refId="B35" refString="Smith, MA, 1943. The fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, including the whole of the Indo-chinese subregion. Reptilia and Amphibia (Vol. III). Serpentes. Taylor and Francis, London" title="The fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, including the whole of the Indo-chinese subregion. Reptilia and Amphibia (Vol. III). Serpentes." year="1943">Smith 1943</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="129">
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Liu & Hou & Lwin & Wang & Rao" authorityYear="2021" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Gonyosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gonyosoma coeruleum" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coeruleum">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Gonyosoma coeruleum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov. is distinguishable from
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="G." lsidName="G. frenatum" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" rank="species" species="frenatum">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">G. frenatum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
based on its single, distinct loreal (vs. loreal united with the prefrontal), and no black streak along the side of the head (vs. a black streak along the side of the head above the supralabials) (
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/03745485709495063" author="Gray, JE" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Herpetology" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" refId="B15" refString="Gray, JE, 1853. Descriptions of some undescribed species of reptiles collected by Dr. Joseph Hooker in the Khassia Mountains, East Bengal, and Sikkim Himalaya. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (2), 12(72): 386-392. https://doi.org/10.1080/03745485709495063" title="Descriptions of some undescribed species of reptiles collected by Dr. Joseph Hooker in the Khassia Mountains, East Bengal, and Sikkim Himalaya. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (2), 12 (72): 386 - 392." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/03745485709495063" year="1853">Gray 1853</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Boulenger, GA" journalOrPublisher="British Museum Natural History, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" refId="B3" refString="Boulenger, GA, 1894. Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume II., containing the conclusion of the Colubridae Aglyphae. British Museum Natural History, London" title="Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume II., containing the conclusion of the Colubridae Aglyphae." year="1894">Boulenger 1894</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Smith, MA" journalOrPublisher="Taylor and Francis, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" refId="B35" refString="Smith, MA, 1943. The fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, including the whole of the Indo-chinese subregion. Reptilia and Amphibia (Vol. III). Serpentes. Taylor and Francis, London" title="The fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, including the whole of the Indo-chinese subregion. Reptilia and Amphibia (Vol. III). Serpentes." year="1943">Smith 1943</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="129">
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Liu & Hou & Lwin & Wang & Rao" authorityYear="2021" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Gonyosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gonyosoma coeruleum" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coeruleum">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Gonyosoma coeruleum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov. can be separated from
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="G." lsidName="G. jansenii" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" rank="species" species="jansenii">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">G. jansenii</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
by having 19 midbody dorsal scale rows (vs. 23-25), and dorsal surface uniform bright green with brownish-yellow tip of tail (vs. olive or yellowish-brown, entirely black posteriorly and on the tail) (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Bleeker, P" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" refId="B1" refString="Bleeker, P, 1859. Gonyosoma jansenii Blkr., eene nieuwe slang van Manado. Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indie 16(4): e242." title="Gonyosoma jansenii Blkr., eene nieuwe slang van Manado. Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indie 16 (4): e 242." year="1859">Bleeker 1859</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Boulenger, GA" journalOrPublisher="British Museum Natural History, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" refId="B3" refString="Boulenger, GA, 1894. Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume II., containing the conclusion of the Colubridae Aglyphae. British Museum Natural History, London" title="Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume II., containing the conclusion of the Colubridae Aglyphae." year="1894">Boulenger 1894</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="129">
|
|
From
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1871" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Gonyosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gonyosoma margaritatum" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="margaritatum">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Gonyosoma margaritatum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Liu & Hou & Lwin & Wang & Rao" authorityYear="2021" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Gonyosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gonyosoma coeruleum" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coeruleum">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Gonyosoma coeruleum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov. can be differentiated by its dorsal surface uniform bright green with brownish-yellow tip of tail (vs. black, each scale with a yellowish green spot, or green with black borders to the scales, hinder part of body and tail with bright orange rings), and no black streak on each side of the head (vs. a black streak on each side of the head behind the eye) (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Peters, W" journalOrPublisher="Monatsberichte der Koeniglichen Preussische Akademie Des Wissenschaften zu Berlin" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" pagination="566 - 581" refId="B26" refString="Peters, W, 1871. Ueber neue Reptilien aus Ostafrika und Sarawak (Borneo), vorzueglich aus der Sammlung des Hrn. Marquis J. Doria zu Genua. Monatsberichte der Koeniglichen Preussische Akademie Des Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1871: 566 - 581" title="Ueber neue Reptilien aus Ostafrika und Sarawak (Borneo), vorzueglich aus der Sammlung des Hrn. Marquis J. Doria zu Genua." volume="1871" year="1871">Peters 1871</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Boulenger, GA" journalOrPublisher="British Museum Natural History, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" refId="B3" refString="Boulenger, GA, 1894. Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume II., containing the conclusion of the Colubridae Aglyphae. British Museum Natural History, London" title="Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume II., containing the conclusion of the Colubridae Aglyphae." year="1894">Boulenger 1894</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/558430" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="129">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Figure 7.</emphasis>
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">A</emphasis>
|
|
habitat at the type locality of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Liu & Hou & Lwin & Wang & Rao" authorityYear="2021" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Gonyosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gonyosoma coeruleum" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coeruleum">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Gonyosoma coeruleum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov.
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">B</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Liu & Hou & Lwin & Wang & Rao" authorityYear="2021" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Gonyosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gonyosoma coeruleum" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coeruleum">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Gonyosoma coeruleum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov. asleep on a tree at night.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="129">
|
|
From
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Boie" baseAuthorityYear="1827" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Gonyosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gonyosoma oxycephalum" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oxycephalum">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Gonyosoma oxycephalum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Liu & Hou & Lwin & Wang & Rao" authorityYear="2021" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Gonyosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gonyosoma coeruleum" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coeruleum">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Gonyosoma coeruleum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov. can be differentiated by the different colors of tail (green with brownish-yellow tip vs. the whole tail light chestnut or buff-red or yellowish brown), no blackish stripe along the side of the head (vs. an indistinct blackish stripe along the side of the head immediately above the supralabials), and the number of midbody dorsal scale, 19 rows (vs. 23-27 rows) (Boie 1827;
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Boulenger, GA" journalOrPublisher="British Museum Natural History, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" refId="B3" refString="Boulenger, GA, 1894. Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume II., containing the conclusion of the Colubridae Aglyphae. British Museum Natural History, London" title="Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume II., containing the conclusion of the Colubridae Aglyphae." year="1894">Boulenger 1894</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Smith, MA" journalOrPublisher="Taylor and Francis, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" refId="B35" refString="Smith, MA, 1943. The fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, including the whole of the Indo-chinese subregion. Reptilia and Amphibia (Vol. III). Serpentes. Taylor and Francis, London" title="The fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, including the whole of the Indo-chinese subregion. Reptilia and Amphibia (Vol. III). Serpentes." year="1943">Smith 1943</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="129">
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Liu & Hou & Lwin & Wang & Rao" authorityYear="2021" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Gonyosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gonyosoma coeruleum" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coeruleum">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Gonyosoma coeruleum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov. closely resembles
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="G." lsidName="G. prasinum" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" rank="species" species="prasinum">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">G. prasinum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, but the colorations of their iris in life are obviously different, the iris of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Liu & Hou & Lwin & Wang & Rao" authorityYear="2021" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Gonyosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gonyosoma coeruleum" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coeruleum">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Gonyosoma coeruleum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov. is blue (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Comparisons of the colors of iris, the colors of inside of mouth, and the precloacal plates. A, C, and E the holotype (KIZ 2019028) of Gonyosoma coeruleum sp. nov. B, D, and F the specimen (SEABRI 2019120043) of G. prasinum." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/558427" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">4A</figureCitation>
|
|
) while the iris of
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="G." lsidName="G. prasinum" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" rank="species" species="prasinum">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">G. prasinum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is greenish-yellow (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Comparisons of the colors of iris, the colors of inside of mouth, and the precloacal plates. A, C, and E the holotype (KIZ 2019028) of Gonyosoma coeruleum sp. nov. B, D, and F the specimen (SEABRI 2019120043) of G. prasinum." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/558427" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">4B</figureCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Khandekar, A" journalOrPublisher="Nature Methods" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" publicationUrl="https://www.indianreptiles.org" refId="B20" refString="Khandekar, A, Roy, P, Kunte, K, 2021. Reptiles of India, v. 1.25. https://www.indianreptiles.org" title="Reptiles of India, v. 1.25." url="https://www.indianreptiles.org" year="2021">Khandekar et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). The colours of the inside of mouth are slightly different, the inside of mouth of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Liu & Hou & Lwin & Wang & Rao" authorityYear="2021" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Gonyosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gonyosoma coeruleum" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coeruleum">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Gonyosoma coeruleum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov. is pale grey (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Comparisons of the colors of iris, the colors of inside of mouth, and the precloacal plates. A, C, and E the holotype (KIZ 2019028) of Gonyosoma coeruleum sp. nov. B, D, and F the specimen (SEABRI 2019120043) of G. prasinum." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/558427" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">4C</figureCitation>
|
|
) while it is pink (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Comparisons of the colors of iris, the colors of inside of mouth, and the precloacal plates. A, C, and E the holotype (KIZ 2019028) of Gonyosoma coeruleum sp. nov. B, D, and F the specimen (SEABRI 2019120043) of G. prasinum." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/558427" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">4D</figureCitation>
|
|
) in
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="G." lsidName="G. prasinum" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" rank="species" species="prasinum">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">G. prasinum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. In addition, the precloacal plate of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Liu & Hou & Lwin & Wang & Rao" authorityYear="2021" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Gonyosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gonyosoma coeruleum" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coeruleum">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Gonyosoma coeruleum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov. is divided (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Comparisons of the colors of iris, the colors of inside of mouth, and the precloacal plates. A, C, and E the holotype (KIZ 2019028) of Gonyosoma coeruleum sp. nov. B, D, and F the specimen (SEABRI 2019120043) of G. prasinum." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/558427" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">4E</figureCitation>
|
|
) while it is single (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Comparisons of the colors of iris, the colors of inside of mouth, and the precloacal plates. A, C, and E the holotype (KIZ 2019028) of Gonyosoma coeruleum sp. nov. B, D, and F the specimen (SEABRI 2019120043) of G. prasinum." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/558427" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">4F</figureCitation>
|
|
;
|
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<bibRefCitation author="Das, A" editor="Schulz, K-D" journalOrPublisher="Bushmaster Publications, Wuerselen" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" pagination="309 - 336" refId="B13" refString="Das, A, 2013. Notes on ratsnakes from north-eastern India. In: Schulz, K-D, Ed., Old World ratsnakes - A collection of papers. Bushmaster Publications, Wuerselen: 309 - 336" title="Notes on ratsnakes from north-eastern India." volumeTitle="Old World ratsnakes - A collection of papers." year="2013">Das 2013</bibRefCitation>
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) in
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<taxonomicName genus="G." lsidName="G. prasinum" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" rank="species" species="prasinum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">G. prasinum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |