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<mods:title id="92B9C7F51257375FBC5B63FBA03F6330">The species of the Hypostomus cochliodon group (Siluriformes: Loricariidae).</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D10D1C796CB167300F0CF035BA3EC0C7">Jonathan W. Armbruster</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="9366E1A675D8472F37550BBE31106656" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6274699" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100125128" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6274699" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9366E1A675D8472F37550BBE31106656" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9366E1A675D8472F37550BBE31106656" lastPageNumber="5" pageNumber="4">
<subSubSection id="8EED3C57324E7883F23A943E97C759E2" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="F42CD7D008EDDF388F802827FFC47A1B" pageNumber="4">
[[
<taxonomicName id="2950B5925572C42FE500C1E847F3DF29" ID-CoL="3NZ6W" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7520B3CD-59C7-4425-A30E-1336A0B2AADD" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Hypostomus cochliodon Kner 1854:265 [15]" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cochliodon">Hypostomus cochliodon</taxonomicName>
Group ]]
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BB98C9914902DB7F46BEF25108AFE400" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="35E7EF295830C0C4F26A60DBB3DD601A" pageNumber="4">Introduction</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D865AE97D707880B1971D2531EE02B5" pageNumber="4">
With 650 species currently considered valid (Eschmeyer 2003), the
<taxonomicName id="7600421330E13F79A3859AC5FCBC3894" family="Loricariidae" pageNumber="4" rank="family">Loricariidae</taxonomicName>
is the most speciose family of catfishes in the world. Loricariids are typically algivorous or detritivorous, but the
<taxonomicName id="2D25B0EC368A311E5F9E704DF9584545" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7520B3CD-59C7-4425-A30E-1336A0B2AADD" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Hypostomus cochliodon Kner 1854:265 [15]" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cochliodon">Hypostomus cochliodon</taxonomicName>
group (formerly the genus
<taxonomicName id="9038C8C7A3EC8DECE18932A191B178EC" family="Loricariidae" genus="Cochliodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cochliodon Kner</taxonomicName>
) and
<taxonomicName id="8B34DED8BE02AADBEFEE0588CF23AB8E" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:07C2F0C3-785D-4516-ACF2-A239A9197587" family="Loricariidae" genus="Panaque" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Panaque Eigenmann &amp; Eigenmann 1889:44" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Panaque Eigenmann</taxonomicName>
are unique among fishes in that they consume wood (Schaefer &amp; Stewart 1993; Nelson et al. 1999). The
<taxonomicName id="334234CB90A3D2CDEED8BA8876ED66E4" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7520B3CD-59C7-4425-A30E-1336A0B2AADD" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Hypostomus cochliodon Kner 1854:265 [15]" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cochliodon">H. cochliodon</taxonomicName>
group and
<taxonomicName id="1D4844206047A3044EB496FC698567AF" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:07C2F0C3-785D-4516-ACF2-A239A9197587" family="Loricariidae" genus="Panaque" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Panaque Eigenmann &amp; Eigenmann 1889:44" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Panaque</taxonomicName>
share the derived presence of large, spoon-shaped teeth; however, they are unrelated and are placed in two different tribes, the Hypostomini and the
<taxonomicName id="C1A6D549572DAB9409051A7FC5D35F95" pageNumber="4" rank="tribe" tribe="Ancistrini">Ancistrini</taxonomicName>
, respectively (Armbruster 1997; in press).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7E0E5B880EEB5CE6DBA95E869154207C" pageNumber="4">
The original description of
<taxonomicName id="06854E9ED75E8B3233D2E84FE6179A6A" family="Loricariidae" genus="Cochliodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cochliodon</taxonomicName>
was by Heckel (in Kner 1853), but the genus was described in the synonymy of
<taxonomicName id="568A7B2DDC011103F998060CE7AA54EE" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E0BC8DAD-9CD9-4E32-920A-063D33AD0E80" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Hypostomus Lacépède 1803:144" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
Hypostomus
<normalizedToken id="735982EE88A359C1AD341052FFE14D08" originalValue="Lacépède">Lacepede</normalizedToken>
</taxonomicName>
. Eigenmann (1922) described
<taxonomicName id="905B059FCE85DD3C86E028D124876097" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F2264923-4F35-4695-B27A-114F46A405A8" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Cheiridodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cheiridodus Eigenmann 1922:(66) 70" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cheiridodus</taxonomicName>
and separated the genus from
<taxonomicName id="66B62BB82ADBD53A8A554F4926F1B04A" family="Loricariidae" genus="Cochliodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cochliodon</taxonomicName>
based on the presence of a small medial tooth cusp (vs. medial cusp absent). Most loricariids have bicuspid teeth (Muller &amp; Weber 1992), and the presence of a mesial cusp represents a plesiomorphic characteristic within the
<taxonomicName id="D0FF8BEC8FB5B60BBEF5E5C74E73A114" family="Loricariidae" pageNumber="4" rank="family">Loricariidae</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="FC12A46190403322FD93FD29BEBF662B" family="Loricariidae" genus="Cochliodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cochliodon</taxonomicName>
do actually have a small mesial cusp, but this cusp is occasionally fused into the lateral cusp and visible as a darker, thicker ridge on the tooth (pers. obs.).
<normalizedToken id="BE1060B8717CD8B004E302DF6B203C7E" originalValue="Isbrücker">Isbruecker</normalizedToken>
(1980) recognized
<taxonomicName id="E47F65CF00458343C587A8F497A0C0BD" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F2264923-4F35-4695-B27A-114F46A405A8" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Cheiridodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cheiridodus Eigenmann 1922:(66) 70" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cheiridodus</taxonomicName>
as a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="8A8C1C4D4DCE3E6716CE215C290B08DB" family="Loricariidae" genus="Cochliodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cochliodon</taxonomicName>
, but did so without comment. Armbruster (1997; in press) provided a phylogeny for the species of the
<taxonomicName id="C874B2F3B37853554504058344E06A19" pageNumber="4" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Hypostominae">Hypostominae</taxonomicName>
based on morphology and determined that
<taxonomicName id="4D1191ABBF0E90962A778324021D1492" family="Loricariidae" genus="Cochliodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cochliodon</taxonomicName>
is derived from
<taxonomicName id="B28AF660E86813B8C417A75F2BF0ED50" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E0BC8DAD-9CD9-4E32-920A-063D33AD0E80" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Hypostomus Lacépède 1803:144" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hypostomus</taxonomicName>
. In addition, Montoya-Burgos et al. (1998) found
<taxonomicName id="9F24B49B316D1E0172BBE11657524FDD" family="Loricariidae" genus="Cochliodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cochliodon</taxonomicName>
to be related to
<taxonomicName id="033F50DC1181BD235A0E138ECC7EA060" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E0BC8DAD-9CD9-4E32-920A-063D33AD0E80" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Hypostomus Lacépède 1803:144" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hypostomus</taxonomicName>
based on sequences of the 12s and 16s rRNA genes, Montoya-Burgos et al. (2002) found
<taxonomicName id="0570F0C34D4D50FB8E19D2550555D73A" family="Loricariidae" genus="Cochliodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cochliodon</taxonomicName>
to be nested within
<taxonomicName id="6DBDD8F19BF4375200779F69C19C6F24" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E0BC8DAD-9CD9-4E32-920A-063D33AD0E80" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Hypostomus Lacépède 1803:144" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hypostomus</taxonomicName>
based on sequence data from the mitochondrial D-loop, and Zawadzki (pers comm.) has found
<taxonomicName id="A10871B63AA4269B5E2D44A2F2265EDC" family="Loricariidae" genus="Cochliodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cochliodon</taxonomicName>
to be derived from
<taxonomicName id="7D920B7ECF9300C04F21A16AFBDF0745" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E0BC8DAD-9CD9-4E32-920A-063D33AD0E80" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Hypostomus Lacépède 1803:144" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hypostomus</taxonomicName>
based on allozymes. Armbruster (1997, in press) recognized
<taxonomicName id="A9ABDC063D5C26EAC83A85A813BA3F1F" family="Loricariidae" genus="Cochliodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cochliodon</taxonomicName>
as a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="257EED4F47BA975261217301B484E52F" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E0BC8DAD-9CD9-4E32-920A-063D33AD0E80" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Hypostomus Lacépède 1803:144" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hypostomus</taxonomicName>
and refers to the species formerly in
<taxonomicName id="3106F7582AB65E16DEA85D4F6F9DA1FA" family="Loricariidae" genus="Cochliodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cochliodon</taxonomicName>
as the
<taxonomicName id="D72A5DA4852A220E62D2C3659991C1FF" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7520B3CD-59C7-4425-A30E-1336A0B2AADD" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Hypostomus cochliodon Kner 1854:265 [15]" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cochliodon">H. cochliodon</taxonomicName>
group. Weber and Montoya-Burgos (2002) and Montoya-Burgos et al. (2002) also placed
<taxonomicName id="AEF3C97337AED6A8F384B91193975170" family="Loricariidae" genus="Cochliodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cochliodon</taxonomicName>
in the synonymy of
<taxonomicName id="A3F119D018EFDBC948D6BB67B2F5E27A" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E0BC8DAD-9CD9-4E32-920A-063D33AD0E80" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Hypostomus Lacépède 1803:144" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hypostomus</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D6BCA255A05A14B01407684A0749A702" pageNumber="4">
The
<taxonomicName id="E6A0F1BFE841BEDC301B724080AEC6F9" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7520B3CD-59C7-4425-A30E-1336A0B2AADD" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Hypostomus cochliodon Kner 1854:265 [15]" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cochliodon">Hypostomus cochliodon</taxonomicName>
group has received little attention from authors except for original species descriptions. The seven currently accepted species of the
<taxonomicName id="35629940A84D11F96D15698736D31C21" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7520B3CD-59C7-4425-A30E-1336A0B2AADD" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Hypostomus cochliodon Kner 1854:265 [15]" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cochliodon">H. cochliodon</taxonomicName>
group are distributed in the Orinoco, Amazon, Essequibo, Magdalena, Paraguay, and Atrato river basins and in the Lake Maracaibo basin (Lilyestrom 1984; Armbruster &amp; Page 1997). There has only been one modern attempt to examine the species of the
<taxonomicName id="F637AD920967F1D3E6DB336AD1E7BC62" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7520B3CD-59C7-4425-A30E-1336A0B2AADD" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Hypostomus cochliodon Kner 1854:265 [15]" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cochliodon">H. cochliodon</taxonomicName>
group. Lilyestrom (1984) provides descriptions of the species of the
<taxonomicName id="18D6FAD573F93B4018BE48E05674FBA1" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7520B3CD-59C7-4425-A30E-1336A0B2AADD" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Hypostomus cochliodon Kner 1854:265 [15]" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cochliodon">H. cochliodon</taxonomicName>
group in Venezuela, a key to all of the species of the
<taxonomicName id="61AE242AB99875221E9F156BD51BCE14" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7520B3CD-59C7-4425-A30E-1336A0B2AADD" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Hypostomus cochliodon Kner 1854:265 [15]" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cochliodon">H. cochliodon</taxonomicName>
group, and places
<taxonomicName id="4044281B3B12EE5DD4C20F40BF2EB428" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:16D0D2CA-E1E1-46D0-933C-3AFE1E1E7434" family="Loricariidae" genus="Cochliodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cochliodon pospisili Schultz 1944:312" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pospisili">Cochliodon pospisili Schultz</taxonomicName>
into the synonymy of
<taxonomicName id="34B202BDEBDD91D7C73E61ABE13998DB" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hondae">H. hondae</taxonomicName>
. The characteristics used in Lilyestroms key are mostly proportions and tooth counts and do not adequately separate the species of the
<taxonomicName id="D54E669B53EEF97C221342BF44654BA6" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7520B3CD-59C7-4425-A30E-1336A0B2AADD" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Hypostomus cochliodon Kner 1854:265 [15]" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cochliodon">H. cochliodon</taxonomicName>
group (pers. obs.). Armbruster and Page (1997) redescribe
<taxonomicName id="C56CC567F0F1894812E44D4677C57EE4" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5BE46DB8-0896-42AD-9320-48A16943F9E1" family="Loricariidae" genus="Rhinelepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Rhinelepis levis Pearson 1924:22" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="levis">Rhinelepis levis Pearson</taxonomicName>
, and place the species in
<taxonomicName id="2E51216B97E89B4D4D5677F1028473C1" family="Loricariidae" genus="Cochliodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cochliodon</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="8B4060BEB82905CAA31082DAFFF8BCAB" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="levis">Hypostomus levis</taxonomicName>
is unique among the
<taxonomicName id="D9AA1B42A0C58436E065F437269CBF49" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7520B3CD-59C7-4425-A30E-1336A0B2AADD" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Hypostomus cochliodon Kner 1854:265 [15]" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cochliodon">H. cochliodon</taxonomicName>
group in the absence of an adipose fin. Weber and Montoya-Burgos(2002) describe
<taxonomicName id="7E8F1C61294FCC5F5E99FD60BAE5DEF1" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A557EE83-EE0E-44C1-A3CB-DABE62D79D62" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Hypostomus fonchii Weber &amp; Montoya-Burgos 2002:357" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fonchii">H. fonchii</taxonomicName>
and suggest that it is related to the
<taxonomicName id="71F2118E5F0E5883FCD3E1122F0978AB" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7520B3CD-59C7-4425-A30E-1336A0B2AADD" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Hypostomus cochliodon Kner 1854:265 [15]" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cochliodon">H. cochliodon</taxonomicName>
group; however, they present no credible evidence for this assertion and
<taxonomicName id="817D1E8D17892F6D70ACB3F7709919AC" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A557EE83-EE0E-44C1-A3CB-DABE62D79D62" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Hypostomus fonchii Weber &amp; Montoya-Burgos 2002:357" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fonchii">H. fonchii</taxonomicName>
is not considered to be part of the
<taxonomicName id="BB43507E897D339B1F69907525129962" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7520B3CD-59C7-4425-A30E-1336A0B2AADD" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Hypostomus cochliodon Kner 1854:265 [15]" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cochliodon">H. cochliodon</taxonomicName>
group in this study.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="51AC28AC4D38C268F0D296BB563EFFF8" pageNumber="5">
Placing
<taxonomicName id="897BB81C6555AC31CCB052184F8C6269" family="Loricariidae" genus="Cochliodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cochliodon</taxonomicName>
into the synonymy of
<taxonomicName id="830404E930DCCE8CB3F05C94AD3C1D0D" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E0BC8DAD-9CD9-4E32-920A-063D33AD0E80" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Hypostomus Lacépède 1803:144" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hypostomus</taxonomicName>
is further supported by two species described herein.
<taxonomicName id="EF7CB25A67C9D975A66A59C9DE7B15AF" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4125CE0B-B466-47CA-B90F-CF9073FEE6F8" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Hypostomus hemicochliodon Armbruster 2003:29" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hemicochliodon">Hypostomus hemicochliodon</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="037324C282F5088BC64AA2089B5CEE2B" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3F8E55C1-0EAD-49CA-B887-0D953CC48DA0" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Hypostomus sculpodon Armbruster 2003:49" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sculpodon">H. sculpodon</taxonomicName>
predominantly eat wood, but do not have spoon-shaped teeth. These species have teeth that appear to be intermediate between other
<taxonomicName id="37709A25305FD9486A1C36BC0FB75086" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E0BC8DAD-9CD9-4E32-920A-063D33AD0E80" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Hypostomus Lacépède 1803:144" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hypostomus</taxonomicName>
and other species of the
<taxonomicName id="A7AFF099B4E307410E82D910BBEBBD92" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7520B3CD-59C7-4425-A30E-1336A0B2AADD" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Hypostomus cochliodon Kner 1854:265 [15]" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cochliodon">H. cochliodon</taxonomicName>
group (Fig. 1) and also appear to eat less wood than the other species of the
<taxonomicName id="240813785C4D576B58895BE14C888714" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7520B3CD-59C7-4425-A30E-1336A0B2AADD" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Hypostomus cochliodon Kner 1854:265 [15]" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cochliodon">H. cochliodon</taxonomicName>
group (pers. obs. based on gut contents). Although many other
<taxonomicName id="40F6484758CEFB6299A089E7E9D7DE6E" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E0BC8DAD-9CD9-4E32-920A-063D33AD0E80" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Hypostomus Lacépède 1803:144" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hypostomus</taxonomicName>
will occasionally consume small amounts of wood, wood only amounts to a very small fraction of the diet (pers. obs.). In this manuscript all species of the
<taxonomicName id="FAC3D46FB2E195B4863A3933C04E20CB" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7520B3CD-59C7-4425-A30E-1336A0B2AADD" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Hypostomus cochliodon Kner 1854:265 [15]" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cochliodon">H. cochliodon</taxonomicName>
group are redescribed, four new species of the
<taxonomicName id="BBD5B4AE2A822831100E64DEC2DAC9D1" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7520B3CD-59C7-4425-A30E-1336A0B2AADD" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Hypostomus cochliodon Kner 1854:265 [15]" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cochliodon">H. cochliodon</taxonomicName>
group are described, and distribution maps, a key, and a phylogeny for the species of the
<taxonomicName id="D7295F552ADE753F94FD660CE81FB5D6" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7520B3CD-59C7-4425-A30E-1336A0B2AADD" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Hypostomus cochliodon Kner 1854:265 [15]" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cochliodon">H. cochliodon</taxonomicName>
group is provided.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>