142 lines
14 KiB
XML
142 lines
14 KiB
XML
<document id="E5CEB2C55FDD03E506E7A08BAE996C39" ID-CLB-Dataset="45619" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.279772" ID-GBIF-Dataset="32627594-388c-40b3-8481-0b241b850847" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="279772" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460430509504" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Adrianov, Andrey V. & Maiorova, Anastassya S." docDate="2012" docId="7978F031FF88AB17FF46FF310D05FBA6" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03166p058.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3166" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Siphonosoma australe Keferstein 1865" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="44" masterDocId="85418849FF8BAB14FFD1FFEF0E54FF97" masterDocTitle="Peanut worms of the phylum Sipuncula from the Nha Trang Bay (South China Sea) with a key to species" masterLastPageNumber="58" masterPageNumber="41" pageNumber="44" updateTime="1698331287994" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="60B30AE41D1E4948164DD4C872B2E21F" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="8AB5D3F0149D2CE8D27CC4721F4E923F">
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<mods:title id="23A68A1E0E2004E1C927DF32C9734866">Peanut worms of the phylum Sipuncula from the Nha Trang Bay (South China Sea) with a key to species</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="A088D0853BEE1229289156735A9DD670" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="C8B89FF8FAFC13882FF62F08FD762AEC">
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<mods:roleTerm id="7F6622208573E037C7512BC0F11D5496">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="1CEDFD6B75CC5E1301DCCCB619C4E2A4">Adrianov, Andrey V.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="D4E61691D3D10178BB9FA33FF4B0502E" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="4263C64E3F278320E386CA56ACDC15DE">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="130119B0935FD07183297194D1BB277A">Maiorova, Anastassya S.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="6CA5C3A3DAF0EA8F233382B151DB6F96">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="79D33BAB04645C0F1990F215E3549C4E">
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<mods:title id="9167B2E7DEC03167BEB044514747B6D5">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="3ABC82093E4233FE6164C5326FD5FC70">
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<mods:date id="56F20086320956770D0189195D057875">2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="7C7E4065DF177356AC150E7A61FCE3E1" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="76F9EB51A1A8B7AC0558F8A39E41CB51">3166</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent id="3F6EC2B216F3A09442F4CA00A84D42AC" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="AA2622CB2306A6C8B8D8AD0ACDC15603">41</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="D06919341198FE12BC234F54CCCA155A">58</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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<mods:classification id="EDB89745240F2062E2CB0E68117C4F79">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="016809463A1436B6F00B3A675130CDE3" type="CLB-Dataset">45619</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="06AB2368C567D4320748FE9BD5232A99" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.279772</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="FE7105EFE4D8E20D7C6B9474E4F6264A" type="GBIF-Dataset">32627594-388c-40b3-8481-0b241b850847</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="57ACF20855980D36BDE8C19288C8BC0E" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="7BDAA931E53E80C861F345EA49F60DD9" type="Zenodo-Dep">279772</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="7978F031FF88AB17FF46FF310D05FBA6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6166361" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119429940" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6166361" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7978F031FF88AB17FF46FF310D05FBA6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7978F031FF88AB17FF46FF310D05FBA6" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
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<subSubSection id="B9CB12ACFF88AB17FF46FF310F73FE8E" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="F16E4127FF88AB17FF46FF310CDEFF6F" blockId="3.[151,650,222,281]" box="[151,650,222,248]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
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<heading id="AA26F64BFF88AB17FF46FF310CDEFF6F" bold="true" box="[151,650,222,248]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="36D13AA4FF88AB17FF46FF310CDEFF6F" ID-CoL="6Z2S6" authority="Keferstein, 1865" authorityName="Keferstein" authorityYear="1865" box="[151,650,222,248]" class="Sipunculidea" family="Sipunculidae" genus="Siphonosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sipunculiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Sipuncula" rank="species" species="australe">
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<emphasis id="C3A59D35FF88AB17FF46FF310CDEFF6F" bold="true" box="[151,650,222,248]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
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<emphasis id="C3A59D35FF88AB17FF46FF310FF1FF6F" bold="true" box="[151,421,222,248]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Siphonosoma australe</emphasis>
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(Keferstein, 1865)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F16E4127FF88AB17FF46FEEE0F73FE8E" blockId="3.[151,650,222,281]" box="[151,295,257,281]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
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(
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<figureCitation id="69EA5DA2FF88AB17FF4EFEEE0EB6FE8E" box="[159,226,257,281]" captionStart="FIGURE 1. A" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1684,1707]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,183,1662]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,183,1663]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. A. Sipunculus nudus, dorsal view, introvert everted. B – D. Siphonosoma australe. B) lateral view, introvert retracted; C) head with tentacular apparatus; D) hooks. Scale bars: A – B, 10 mm; C, 3 mm; D, 0.3 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279773/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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B–D)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B9CB12ACFF88AB17FF46FEA70C63FE3E" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="F16E4127FF88AB17FF46FEA70C63FE3E" blockId="3.[151,1437,328,1073]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
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<emphasis id="C3A59D35FF88AB17FF46FEA70F52FEF6" bold="true" box="[151,262,328,353]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Material.</emphasis>
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Nha Trang Bay: estuary of B river, muddy sand at depth
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<quantity id="3629ECC2FF88AB17FC5AFEA60DAAFEF6" box="[907,1022,329,353]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" unit="cm" value="32.5" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="25.0">25–40 cm</quantity>
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,
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<specimenCount id="E7D78AAEFF88AB17FBD8FEA60AF1FEF6" box="[1033,1189,329,353]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" type="generic">50 specimens</specimenCount>
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; Tre
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<collectingCountry id="89C601B7FF88AB17FB0CFEA60B70FEF6" box="[1245,1316,329,353]" name="Iceland" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Island</collectingCountry>
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, intertidal,
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<specimenCount id="E7D78AAEFF88AB17FF46FE820F77FE12" box="[151,291,365,389]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
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; Nha Trang fish market,
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<specimenCount id="E7D78AAEFF88AB17FDE8FE820C80FE12" box="[569,724,365,389]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" type="generic">10 specimens</specimenCount>
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. Worms can be found by characteristic holes of their burrows in intertidal and shallow subtidal zones.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B9CB12ACFF88AB17FF14FE5A0D75FD5E" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" type="description">
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<paragraph id="F16E4127FF88AB17FF14FE5A0D75FD5E" blockId="3.[151,1437,328,1073]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
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<emphasis id="C3A59D35FF88AB17FF14FE5A0F03FE59" bold="true" box="[197,343,437,462]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Description.</emphasis>
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Trunk up to
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<quantity id="3629ECC2FF88AB17FE3DFE5A0C1DFE5A" box="[492,585,437,461]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="150.0">150 mm</quantity>
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long and
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<quantity id="3629ECC2FF88AB17FD6AFE5A0D61FE5A" box="[699,821,437,461]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="13.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="12.0">12–15 mm</quantity>
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wide; introvert about subequal in length to trunk with large, simple dark pointed hooks, 150–200 μm tall in about 50 rings. Tentacular apparatus subdivided in dorsal arc with 15–20 tentacles enclosing the nuchal organ; oral crown with 10–14 longitudinal festoons bearing up to 30 tentacles. Tentacles of living specimens with yellowish oral and greenish aboral surfaces, becoming whitish in preserved specimens. Body wall musculature often visible through the skin, with 15–16 longitudinal muscle bands. Dorsal retractors originate anterior to the ventral ones. Oesophagus with 2 fixing muscles, gut with 35–40 loops; spindle muscle with up to 3 branches. Contractile vessel with tiny villi, is contracted and indistinct in preserved specimens. Nephridia are free, about 40% of trunk length.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B9CB12ACFF88AB17FF14FD3A0D05FBA6" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="F16E4127FF88AB17FF14FD3A0EAEFC36" blockId="3.[151,1437,328,1073]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
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<emphasis id="C3A59D35FF88AB17FF14FD3A0F1EFD79" bold="true" box="[197,330,725,750]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Discussion.</emphasis>
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The species is similar to
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<taxonomicName id="36D13AA4FF88AB17FDBDFD390D50FD7A" box="[620,772,726,749]" class="Sipunculidea" family="Sipunculidae" genus="Siphonosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sipunculiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Sipuncula" rank="species" species="rotumanun">
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<emphasis id="C3A59D35FF88AB17FDBDFD390D50FD7A" box="[620,772,726,749]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">S. rotumanun</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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but can be easily separated by having characteristic hooks closely associated with large papillae. Another Indo-West Pacific species,
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<taxonomicName id="36D13AA4FF88AB17FC00FD150A3DFC86" box="[977,1129,762,785]" class="Sipunculidea" family="Sipunculidae" genus="Siphonosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sipunculiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Sipuncula" rank="species" species="cumanense">
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<emphasis id="C3A59D35FF88AB17FC00FD150A3DFC86" box="[977,1129,762,785]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">S. cumanense</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, differs from
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<taxonomicName id="36D13AA4FF88AB17FAD3FD150B2EFC86" box="[1282,1402,761,785]" class="Sipunculidea" family="Sipunculidae" genus="Siphonosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sipunculiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Sipuncula" rank="species" species="australe">
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<emphasis id="C3A59D35FF88AB17FAD3FD150B44FC86" box="[1282,1296,762,785]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">S</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="C3A59D35FF88AB17FACFFD160B2EFC86" box="[1310,1402,761,785]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">australe</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by lacking introvert hooks and by the origin of dorsal and ventral retractor muscles at the same anterior-posterior level.
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<taxonomicName id="36D13AA4FF88AB17FF0DFCAD0F04FCCE" box="[220,336,833,857]" class="Sipunculidea" family="Sipunculidae" genus="Siphonosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sipunculiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Sipuncula" rank="species" species="funafuti">
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<emphasis id="C3A59D35FF88AB17FF0DFCAD0F04FCCE" box="[220,336,833,857]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">S. funafuti</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, known from Southern
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<collectingCountry id="89C601B7FF88AB17FD8FFCAD0CF5FCCE" box="[606,673,834,857]" name="Japan" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Japan</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="89C601B7FF88AB17FD7DFCAE0CAAFCCE" box="[684,766,833,857]" name="Taiwan" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
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and South
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<collectingCountry id="89C601B7FF88AB17FCAEFCAE0D96FCCE" box="[895,962,833,857]" name="China" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">China</collectingCountry>
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Sea, differs by lacking hooks, and
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<taxonomicName id="36D13AA4FF88AB17FA81FCAD0E95FCEA" class="Sipunculidea" family="Sipunculidae" genus="Siphonosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sipunculiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Sipuncula" rank="species" species="vastum">
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<emphasis id="C3A59D35FF88AB17FA81FCAD0E95FCEA" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">S. vastum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, also widespread in the Indo-West Pacific, has multiple clusters of caecum on the rectum that are absent in
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<taxonomicName id="36D13AA4FF88AB17FA56FC890EA7FC36" class="Sipunculidea" family="Sipunculidae" genus="Siphonosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sipunculiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Sipuncula" rank="species" species="australe">
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<emphasis id="C3A59D35FF88AB17FA56FC890EA7FC36" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">S. australe</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F16E4127FF88AB17FF14FC420D05FBA6" blockId="3.[151,1437,328,1073]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
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<taxonomicName id="36D13AA4FF88AB17FF14FC420FEBFC52" box="[197,447,941,965]" class="Sipunculidea" family="Sipunculidae" genus="Siphonosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sipunculiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Sipuncula" rank="species" species="australe">
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<emphasis id="C3A59D35FF88AB17FF14FC420FEBFC52" box="[197,447,941,965]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Siphonosoma australe</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has a tropical and subtropical distribution and is found in shallow and intertidal waters, preferring sandy and muddy areas. It is known in the Indian Ocean from
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<collectingCountry id="89C601B7FF88AB17FC16FC3E0A60FC7E" box="[967,1076,977,1001]" name="Indonesia" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
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to
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<collectingCountry id="89C601B7FF88AB17FB89FC3E0AC6FC7E" box="[1112,1170,977,1001]" name="India" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">India</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry id="89C601B7FF88AB17FB19FC3E0B06FC7E" box="[1224,1362,977,1001]" name="Madagascar" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
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. In the West Pacific it is reported from
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<collectingCountry id="89C601B7FF88AB17FE2DFC1A0C37FB9A" box="[508,611,1013,1037]" name="Australia" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Australia</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry id="89C601B7FF88AB17FD48FC190D7BFB9A" box="[665,815,1013,1037]" name="New Zealand" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
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to South
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<collectingCountry id="89C601B7FF88AB17FC4AFC1A0DB5FB9A" box="[923,993,1013,1037]" name="China" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">China</collectingCountry>
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. Worms may be found by characteristic holes of their burrows in intertidal and shallow subtidal zones.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |