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<document id="DE72000371668CA6BC2C022214F386F1" ID-CLB-Dataset="22022" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2017.344" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0e3a88b1-bb05-4a78-b1a5-d99c8995df45" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3834679" ID-ZooBank="27AA4538-407D-470A-8141-365124193D85" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1589909072435" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Bastida-Zavala, J. Rolando, McCANN, Linda D., Keppel, Erica &amp; Ruiz, Gregory M." docDate="2017" docId="794587B2FFE3FF9FFD96FAE7FE16FBCF" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-2017-344.pdf.imf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 344" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Hydroides gracilis" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="36" masterDocId="857CFFCAFFC1FFBCFFCDFFA0FFB9FFD1" masterDocTitle="The fouling serpulids (Polychaeta: Serpulidae) from United States coastal waters: an overview" masterLastPageNumber="76" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="35" updateTime="1698840373421" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-3.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-3.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="561F8E88B713EDCBBA0FCAF8C3C61660">The fouling serpulids (Polychaeta: Serpulidae) from United States coastal waters: an overview</mods:title>
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<treatment id="794587B2FFE3FF9FFD96FAE7FE16FBCF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3851387" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164184941" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3851387" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:794587B2FFE3FF9FFD96FAE7FE16FBCF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/794587B2FFE3FF9FFD96FAE7FE16FBCF" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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<paragraph id="F15336A4FFE3FF9EFD96FAE7FC61FAB3" blockId="34.[603,984,1351,1412]" box="[603,984,1351,1378]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<heading id="AA1B81C8FFE3FF9EFD96FAE7FC61FAB3" box="[603,984,1351,1378]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="36EC4D27FFE3FF9EFD96FAE7FC61FAB3" ID-CoL="3N7B7" authority="(Bush, 1905)" baseAuthorityName="Bush" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[603,984,1351,1378]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Hydroides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="C398EAB6FFE3FF9EFD96FAE7FC81FAB0" bold="true" box="[603,824,1351,1377]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Hydroides gracilis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFE3FF9EFC85FAE8FC69FAB3" author="Bush" box="[840,976,1351,1378]" firstAuthor="Bush" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="169 - 346" refId="ref43170" refString="Bush K. J. 1905. Tubicolous annelids of the tribes Sabellides and Serpulides from the Pacific Ocean. In: Merriam C. H. (ed.) Harriman Alaska Expedition with Cooperation of Washington Academy of Sciences 12: 169 - 346. Doubleday, Page and Company, New York." type="journal article" year="1905">Bush, 1905</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B9F6652FFFE3FF9EFD11FAC9FCE1FA52" box="[732,856,1385,1412]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="description">
<paragraph id="F15336A4FFE3FF9EFD11FAC9FCE1FA52" blockId="34.[603,984,1351,1412]" box="[732,856,1385,1412]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<figureCitation id="69D72A21FFE3FF9EFD11FAC9FC84FA55" box="[732,829,1385,1412]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="25.[189,232,1737,1763]" captionTargetBox="[198,1390,265,1696]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[198,1390,265,1696]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Fig. 4. Serpulids from United States fouling plates. Hydroides bispinosa. A. Operculum, from Biscayne Bay, Florida (SERC-118756). H. cf. brachyacantha. B. Operculum, Pensacola Bay, Florida (SERC- 92415). H. dianthus. C. Operculum, Corpus Christi, Texas (SERC-87878RB). H. dirampha. D. Operculum, Biscayne Bay, Florida (SERC-118709). H. elegans. E. Operculum, San Diego, California (SERC-04075R). H. floridana. F. Operculum, Corpus Christi, Texas (SERC-87968). H. gracilis. G. Operculum, San Diego, California (SERC-34585R). H. longispinosa. H. Operculum, Oahu, Hawaii (SERC-19654). H. parva. I. Operculum, Biscayne Bay, Florida (SERC-118709). H. sanctaecrucis. J. Operculum, Tampa Bay, Florida (SERC-66920R)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3834687" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3834687/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Figs 4G</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="69D72A21FFE3FF9EFC84FAC9FCE1FA52" box="[841,856,1385,1411]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="38.[189,232,1965,1991]" captionTargetBox="[211,1377,1179,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@38.[206,1382,1176,1924]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Fig. 6. Distribution of serpulids (Hydroides spp.) from United States fouling plates (closed symbols) and literature records (open symbols)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3834691" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3834691/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">6</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="B9F6652FFFE3FF9EFF70FA0AFDA8F886" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="reference_group">
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<treatmentCitation id="704D10B5FFE3FF9EFF70FA0AFD78FA15" author="Bush K. J." box="[189,705,1449,1476]" page="235" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" year="1905">
<taxonomicName id="36EC4D27FFE3FF9EFF70FA0AFD78FA15" ID-CoL="3CX2B" authority="Bush, 1905: 234 - 235" authorityName="Bush" authorityPageNumber="234 - 235" authorityYear="1905" box="[189,705,1449,1476]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Eupomatus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="C398EAB6FFE3FF9EFF70FA0AFE10FA15" box="[189,425,1450,1476]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Eupomatus gracilis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFE3FF9EFE7BFA0AFD78FA15" author="Bush" box="[438,705,1449,1476]" firstAuthor="Bush" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="169 - 346" refId="ref43170" refString="Bush K. J. 1905. Tubicolous annelids of the tribes Sabellides and Serpulides from the Pacific Ocean. In: Merriam C. H. (ed.) Harriman Alaska Expedition with Cooperation of Washington Academy of Sciences 12: 169 - 346. Doubleday, Page and Company, New York." type="journal article" year="1905">Bush, 1905: 234235</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 27, fig. 9, pl. 34, fig. 25, pl. 37, figs 2627 (
<typeStatus id="2E578806FFE3FF9EFA8FFA0AFACFFA15" box="[1346,1398,1450,1476]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">type</typeStatus>
locality: Pacific Grove,
<collectingRegion id="3328F846FFE3FF9EFDCCFA6BFDC2FA34" box="[513,635,1483,1509]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">California</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="89FB7634FFE3FF9EFD4AFA6BFC90FA37" box="[647,809,1483,1510]" name="United States of America" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">United States</collectingCountry>
).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F15336A4FFE3FF9EFF70FA4EFA91F9D9" blockId="34.[189,1398,1449,1544]" box="[189,1320,1517,1544]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="D1FC118AFFE3FF9EFF70FA4EFA91F9D9" box="[189,1320,1517,1544]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<treatmentCitation id="704D10B5FFE3FF9EFF70FA4EFD70F9D6" author="Chamberlin R. V." box="[189,713,1517,1544]" page="23" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" year="1919">
<taxonomicName id="36EC4D27FFE3FF9EFF70FA4EFD70F9D6" ID-CoL="3CX2H" authority="Chamberlin, 1919 a: 23" authorityName="Chamberlin" authorityPageNumber="23" authorityYear="1919" box="[189,713,1517,1544]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Eupomatus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="intereans">
<emphasis id="C398EAB6FFE3FF9EFF70FA4EFE0DF9D6" box="[189,436,1518,1543]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Eupomatus intereans</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFE3FF9EFE71FA4DFD70F9D6" author="Chamberlin" box="[444,713,1517,1544]" firstAuthor="Chamberlin" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="1 - 23" refId="ref43539" refString="Chamberlin R. V. 1919 a. New polychaetous annelids from Laguna Beach, California. Journal of Entomology and Zoology 11: 1 - 23." type="journal article" year="1919" yearSuffix="a">Chamberlin, 1919a: 23</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
(
<typeStatus id="2E578806FFE3FF9EFD14FA4DFCB4F9D6" box="[729,781,1517,1543]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">type</typeStatus>
locality:
<collectingRegion id="3328F846FFE3FF9EFCB1FA4EFC6DF9D9" box="[892,980,1518,1544]" country="Philippines" name="Laguna" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Laguna</collectingRegion>
Beach, southern
<collectingRegion id="3328F846FFE3FF9EFB52FA4DFAA5F9D9" box="[1183,1308,1517,1544]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">California</collectingRegion>
).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F15336A4FFE3FF9EFF70F98EFB4AF999" blockId="34.[189,1399,1581,1879]" box="[189,1267,1581,1608]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="D1FC118AFFE3FF9EFF70F98EFB4AF999" box="[189,1267,1581,1608]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<taxonomicName id="36EC4D27FFE3FF9EFF70F98EFE1BF996" ID-CoL="3CX2B" authorityName="Bush" authorityYear="1905" box="[189,418,1581,1607]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Eupomatus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="C398EAB6FFE3FF9EFF70F98EFE1BF996" box="[189,418,1581,1607]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Eupomatus gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<treatmentCitation id="704D10B5FFE3FF9EFE72F98DFD0BF999" author="Treadwell A. L." box="[447,690,1581,1608]" page="225" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" year="1914">
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFE3FF9EFE72F98DFD0BF999" author="Treadwell" box="[447,690,1581,1608]" firstAuthor="Treadwell" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="175 - 234" refId="ref51286" refString="Treadwell A. L. 1914. Polychaetous annelids of the Pacific coast in the collections of the Zoological Museum of the University of California. University of California Publications in Zoology 13 (8): 175 - 234." type="journal article" year="1914">Treadwell 1914: 225</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(
<collectingCountry id="89FB7634FFE3FF9EFD0FF98EFC82F996" box="[706,827,1581,1608]" name="Saint Pierre and Miquelon" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">San Pedro</collectingCountry>
and San Diego, southern California).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F15336A4FFE3FF9EFF70F9EFFE9DF97C" blockId="34.[189,1399,1581,1879]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="D1FC118AFFE3FF9EFF70F9EFFE9DF97C" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<taxonomicName id="36EC4D27FFE3FF9EFF70F9EFFE10F9B8" ID-CoL="4WWG6" baseAuthorityName="Phillipi" baseAuthorityYear="1844" box="[189,425,1615,1641]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Hydroides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="uncinata">
<emphasis id="C398EAB6FFE3FF9EFF70F9EFFE10F9B8" box="[189,425,1615,1641]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Hydroides uncinata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="C398EAB6FFE3FF9EFE72F9F0FE52F9B8" box="[447,491,1616,1641]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">non</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFE3FF9EFE3AF9EFFD22F9B8" author="Philippi" box="[503,667,1615,1641]" firstAuthor="Philippi" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="186 - 198" refId="ref48459" refString="Philippi A. 1844. Einige Bemerkungen uber die Gattung Serpula, nebst Aufzahlung der von mir im Mittelmeer mit dem Thier beobachteten Arten. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte 10 (1): 186 - 198. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 29558" type="journal article" year="1844">Philippi 1844</bibRefCitation>
)
<treatmentCitation id="704D10B5FFE3FF9EFD06F9EFFBFFF9BB" author="Berkeley E. &amp; Berkeley C." box="[715,1094,1615,1642]" page="56" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" year="1941">
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFE3FF9EFD06F9EFFBFFF9BB" author="Berkeley &amp; Berkeley" box="[715,1094,1615,1642]" firstAuthor="Berkeley" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="16 - 60" refId="ref42873" refString="Berkeley E. &amp; Berkeley C. 1941. On a collection of Polychaeta from Southern California. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences 40 (1): 16 - 60." type="journal article" year="1941">Berkeley &amp; Berkeley 1941: 56</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(southern California; on seaweed holdfast); 1958: 405 (west coast of Baja California Peninsula:
<collectingCountry id="89FB7634FFE3FF9EFBD3F9D2FB3DF95D" box="[1054,1156,1650,1676]" name="Haiti" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Tortugas</collectingCountry>
Bay, Baja California Sur).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F15336A4FFE3FF9EFF70F915FDA8F886" blockId="34.[189,1399,1581,1879]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="D1FC118AFFE3FF9EFF70F915FDA8F886" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<taxonomicName id="36EC4D27FFE3FF9EFF70F915FE2CF91E" ID-CoL="3N7B7" baseAuthorityName="Bush" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[189,405,1717,1743]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Hydroides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="C398EAB6FFE3FF9EFF70F915FE2CF91E" box="[189,405,1717,1743]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Hydroides gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<treatmentCitation id="704D10B5FFE3FF9EFE60F915FD27F901" box="[429,670,1717,1744]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFE3FF9EFE60F915FD27F901" author="Zibrowius" box="[429,670,1717,1744]" firstAuthor="Zibrowius" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="691 - 746" refId="ref52136" refString="Zibrowius H. 1971. Les especes Mediterraneennes du genre Hydroides (Polychaeta Serpulidae): remarques sur le pretendu polymorphisme de Hydroides uncinata. Tethys 2: 691 - 746." type="journal article" year="1971">Zibrowius 1971: 694</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
695 (synonymization of
<taxonomicName id="36EC4D27FFE3FF9EFC08F916FBF6F91E" ID-CoL="3CX2H" authorityName="Chamberlin" authorityYear="1919" box="[965,1103,1718,1743]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Eupomatus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="intereans">
<emphasis id="C398EAB6FFE3FF9EFC08F916FBF6F91E" box="[965,1103,1718,1743]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">E. intereans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="36EC4D27FFE3FF9EFB4EF916FAB2F91E" ID-CoL="4WWG6" baseAuthorityName="Phillipi" baseAuthorityYear="1844" box="[1155,1291,1718,1743]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Hydroides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="uncinata">
<emphasis id="C398EAB6FFE3FF9EFB4EF916FAB2F91E" box="[1155,1291,1718,1743]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">H. uncinata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
recorded by
<treatmentCitation id="704D10B5FFE3FF9EFEDEF977FDE3F920" box="[275,602,1751,1777]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFE3FF9EFEDEF977FDE3F920" author="Berkeley &amp; Berkeley" box="[275,602,1751,1777]" firstAuthor="Berkeley" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="16 - 60" refId="ref42873" refString="Berkeley E. &amp; Berkeley C. 1941. On a collection of Polychaeta from Southern California. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences 40 (1): 16 - 60." type="journal article" year="1941">Berkeley &amp; Berkeley 1941</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
,
<treatmentCitation id="704D10B5FFE3FF9EFDA0F977FD15F923" box="[621,684,1751,1778]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFE3FF9EFDA0F977FD15F923" author="Berkeley &amp; Berkeley" box="[621,684,1751,1778]" firstAuthor="Berkeley" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="399 - 407" refId="ref42908" refString="Berkeley E. &amp; Berkeley C. 1958. Some notes on a collection of Polychaeta from the northeast Pacific south of latitude 32 ° N. Canadian Journal of Zoology 36: 399 - 407. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / z 58 - 034" type="journal article" year="1958">1958</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
). —
<treatmentCitation id="704D10B5FFE3FF9EFD21F977FB09F920" box="[748,1200,1751,1777]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFE3FF9EFD21F977FB09F920" author="Bastida-Zavala &amp; ten Hove" box="[748,1200,1751,1777]" firstAuthor="Bastida-Zavala" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="67 - 110" refId="ref42329" refString="Bastida-Zavala J. R. &amp; ten Hove H. A. 2003. Revision of Hydroides Gunnerus, 1768 (Polychaeta: Serpulidae) from the Eastern Pacific Region and Hawaii. Beaufortia 53: 67 - 110." type="journal article" year="2003">Bastida-Zavala &amp; ten Hove 2003: 89</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
92, fig. 13AV (
<collectingRegion id="3328F846FFE3FF9EFF3FF959FED2F8C2" box="[242,363,1785,1811]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">California</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="3328F846FFE3FF9EFE64F959FDDAF8C2" box="[425,611,1785,1811]" country="Mexico" name="Baja California" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Baja California</collectingRegion>
, Mexican Pacific; intertidal to
<quantity id="36149B41FFE3FF9EFC15F958FBB3F8C2" box="[984,1034,1784,1811]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" unit="m" value="5.0">5 m</quantity>
; on colony of vermetid
<taxonomicName id="36EC4D27FFE3FF9EFAE2F959FACEF8C2" ID-CoL="b18c9205-573f-4371-90cb-a2e72261ef78" box="[1327,1399,1785,1811]" class="Gastropoda" family="Vermetidae" genus="Aletes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C398EAB6FFE3FF9EFAE2F959FACEF8C2" box="[1327,1399,1785,1811]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Aletes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp., on
<taxonomicName id="36EC4D27FFE3FF9EFE8DF8BAFE00F8E5" ID-CoL="7NLFQ" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1815" box="[320,441,1818,1844]" class="Gastropoda" family="Trochidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Trochidae</taxonomicName>
, also from aquaculture tanks and lead filter). —
<treatmentCitation id="704D10B5FFE3FF9EFC39F8BAFAA1F8E4" box="[1012,1304,1818,1845]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFE3FF9EFC39F8BAFAA1F8E4" author="Bastida-Zavala" box="[1012,1304,1818,1845]" firstAuthor="Bastida-Zavala" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="1 - 61" refId="ref42167" refString="Bastida-Zavala J. R. 2008. Serpulids (Annelida: Polychaeta) from the eastern Pacific, including a brief mention of Hawaiian serpulids. Zootaxa 1722: 1 - 61." type="journal article" year="2008">Bastida-Zavala 2008: 27</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 6K (
<collectingRegion id="3328F846FFE3FF9EFF3FF89CFED6F887" box="[242,367,1852,1878]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">California</collectingRegion>
; PVC plates).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B9F6652FFFE3FF9EFF70F8DCFDF0F836" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="F15336A4FFE3FF9EFF70F8DCFE13F847" blockId="34.[189,426,1916,1942]" box="[189,426,1916,1942]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<heading id="AA1B81C8FFE3FF9EFF70F8DCFE13F847" bold="true" box="[189,426,1916,1942]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" reason="3">
<emphasis id="C398EAB6FFE3FF9EFF70F8DCFE13F847" bold="true" box="[189,426,1916,1942]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F15336A4FFE3FF9EFF70F80AFDF0F836" blockId="34.[189,1399,1961,2023]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<specimenCount id="E7EAFD2DFFE3FF9EFF70F80AFED6F815" box="[189,367,1962,1988]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="generic">232 specimens</specimenCount>
: SF (3)
<date id="85521064FFE3FF9EFE01F80AFDF8F815" box="[460,577,1962,1988]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" value="2000-09">Sep. 2000</date>
and 2001, LB (185)
<date id="85521064FFE3FF9EFCFAF80AFC16F815" box="[823,943,1962,1988]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" value="2003-09">Sep. 2003</date>
, MO (5)
<date id="85521064FFE3FF9EFBD1F80AFB2DF815" box="[1052,1172,1962,1988]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" value="2013-09">Sep. 2013</date>
, MI (7)
<date id="85521064FFE3FF9EFB3EF80AFAC8F815" box="[1267,1393,1962,1988]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" value="2013-08">Aug. 2013</date>
, SD (32)
<date id="85521064FFE3FF9EFEEDF86DFE24F836" box="[288,413,1997,2023]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" value="2000-08">Aug. 2000</date>
and
<date id="85521064FFE3FF9EFE18F86DFDFDF836" box="[469,580,1997,2023]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" value="2013-07">Jul. 2013</date>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B9F6652FFFE2FF9FFF70FEABFB76FE6A" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="F15336A4FFE2FF9FFF70FEABFE8FFEF4" blockId="35.[189,310,267,293]" box="[189,310,267,293]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<heading id="AA1B81C8FFE2FF9FFF70FEABFE8FFEF4" bold="true" box="[189,310,267,293]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" reason="3">
<emphasis id="C398EAB6FFE2FF9FFF70FEABFE8FFEF4" bold="true" box="[189,310,267,293]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F15336A4FFE2FF9FFF70FE99FB76FE6A" blockId="35.[189,1399,313,443]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
Tube white; with two longitudinal ridges, with or without peristomes; but no transverse ridges or alveoli. Opercular peduncle smooth, white. Opercular funnel with 1642 radii with pointed tips (
<figureCitation id="69D72A21FFE2FF9FFAC8FEFBFAD0FEA7" box="[1285,1385,347,374]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="25.[189,232,1737,1763]" captionTargetBox="[198,1390,265,1696]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[198,1390,265,1696]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Fig. 4. Serpulids from United States fouling plates. Hydroides bispinosa. A. Operculum, from Biscayne Bay, Florida (SERC-118756). H. cf. brachyacantha. B. Operculum, Pensacola Bay, Florida (SERC- 92415). H. dianthus. C. Operculum, Corpus Christi, Texas (SERC-87878RB). H. dirampha. D. Operculum, Biscayne Bay, Florida (SERC-118709). H. elegans. E. Operculum, San Diego, California (SERC-04075R). H. floridana. F. Operculum, Corpus Christi, Texas (SERC-87968). H. gracilis. G. Operculum, San Diego, California (SERC-34585R). H. longispinosa. H. Operculum, Oahu, Hawaii (SERC-19654). H. parva. I. Operculum, Biscayne Bay, Florida (SERC-118709). H. sanctaecrucis. J. Operculum, Tampa Bay, Florida (SERC-66920R)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3834687" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3834687/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 4G</figureCitation>
); verticil with 912 smooth spines, curving inwards, without internal, external or lateral spinules or wings (
<figureCitation id="69D72A21FFE2FF9FFF0BFE01FE9CFE6A" box="[198,293,417,443]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="25.[189,232,1737,1763]" captionTargetBox="[198,1390,265,1696]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[198,1390,265,1696]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Fig. 4. Serpulids from United States fouling plates. Hydroides bispinosa. A. Operculum, from Biscayne Bay, Florida (SERC-118756). H. cf. brachyacantha. B. Operculum, Pensacola Bay, Florida (SERC- 92415). H. dianthus. C. Operculum, Corpus Christi, Texas (SERC-87878RB). H. dirampha. D. Operculum, Biscayne Bay, Florida (SERC-118709). H. elegans. E. Operculum, San Diego, California (SERC-04075R). H. floridana. F. Operculum, Corpus Christi, Texas (SERC-87968). H. gracilis. G. Operculum, San Diego, California (SERC-34585R). H. longispinosa. H. Operculum, Oahu, Hawaii (SERC-19654). H. parva. I. Operculum, Biscayne Bay, Florida (SERC-118709). H. sanctaecrucis. J. Operculum, Tampa Bay, Florida (SERC-66920R)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3834687" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3834687/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 4G</figureCitation>
). Special collar chaetae with two blunt or pointed teeth and smooth distal blade.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B9F6652FFFE2FF9FFF70FE42FB95FD43" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="F15336A4FFE2FF9FFF70FE42FE0EFE2D" blockId="35.[189,439,482,508]" box="[189,439,482,508]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<heading id="AA1B81C8FFE2FF9FFF70FE42FE0EFE2D" bold="true" box="[189,439,482,508]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" reason="3">
<emphasis id="C398EAB6FFE2FF9FFF70FE42FE0EFE2D" bold="true" box="[189,439,482,508]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Taxonomic remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F15336A4FFE2FF9FFF70FDB0FB95FD43" blockId="35.[189,1399,528,658]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
Two tiny specimens have the
<taxonomicName id="36EC4D27FFE2FF9FFDD2FDB0FD21FDFB" authorityName="Gunnerus" authorityYear="1768" box="[543,664,528,554]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Hydroides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C398EAB6FFE2FF9FFDD2FDB0FD21FDFB" box="[543,664,528,554]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Hydroides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="C398EAB6FFE2FF9FFD63FDB1FCBAFDFB" box="[686,771,529,554]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">priscus</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="2E578806FFE2FF9FFCD4FDB0FCF5FDFB" box="[793,844,528,554]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">type</typeStatus>
opercula (
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFE2FF9FFC06FDB0FA90FDFA" author="Hove H. A. ten &amp; Ben-Eliahu M. N." box="[971,1321,528,555]" firstAuthor="ten Hove" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="127 - 145" refId="ref45723" refString="Hove H. A. ten &amp; Ben-Eliahu M. N. 2005. On the identity of Hydroides priscus Pillai 1971 - Taxonomic confusion due to ontogeny in some serpulid genera (Annelida: Polychaeta: Serpulidae). Senckenbergiana Biologica 85 (2): 127 - 145." type="journal article" year="2005">ten Hove &amp; Ben-Eliahu 2005</bibRefCitation>
), with only a chitinous funnel instead of the normal funnel and verticil. The abundance of
<taxonomicName id="36EC4D27FFE2FF9FFBB0FD93FB40FD9D" baseAuthorityName="Bush" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[1149,1273,562,588]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Hydroides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="C398EAB6FFE2FF9FFBB0FD93FB40FD9D" box="[1149,1273,562,588]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">H. gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is variable in the fouling community, sometimes occurring at high abundances. Nonetheless, its distribution is restricted to
<collectingRegion id="3328F846FFE2FF9FFE9DFDD8FE7EFD43" box="[336,455,632,658]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">California</collectingRegion>
and the west coast of the
<collectingRegion id="3328F846FFE2FF9FFD3BFDD8FC12FD43" box="[758,939,632,658]" country="Mexico" name="Baja California" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Baja California</collectingRegion>
Peninsula.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B9F6652FFFE2FF9FFF70FD19FB4BFCF5" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="F15336A4FFE2FF9FFF70FD19FE99FD02" blockId="35.[189,288,697,723]" box="[189,288,697,723]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<heading id="AA1B81C8FFE2FF9FFF70FD19FE99FD02" bold="true" box="[189,288,697,723]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" reason="3">
<emphasis id="C398EAB6FFE2FF9FFF70FD19FE99FD02" bold="true" box="[189,288,697,723]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Ecology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F15336A4FFE2FF9FFF70FD47FB4BFCF5" blockId="35.[189,1398,742,804]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
Intertidal to sublittoral (
<quantity id="36149B41FFE2FF9FFE1BFD46FDB1FCD0" box="[470,520,742,769]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="m" value="5.0">5 m</quantity>
). On holdfast of seaweeds, shells of gastropods (
<taxonomicName id="36EC4D27FFE2FF9FFB8BFD47FB37FCD0" box="[1094,1166,743,769]" class="Gastropoda" family="Vermetidae" genus="Aletes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C398EAB6FFE2FF9FFB8BFD47FB37FCD0" box="[1094,1166,743,769]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Aletes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. and
<taxonomicName id="36EC4D27FFE2FF9FFB22FD47FAD3FCD3" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1815" box="[1263,1386,743,770]" class="Gastropoda" family="Trochidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Trochidae</taxonomicName>
), and in aquaculture facilities (
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFE2FF9FFDDEFCA9FCF6FCF2" author="Berkeley &amp; Berkeley" box="[531,847,777,803]" firstAuthor="Berkeley" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="16 - 60" refId="ref42873" refString="Berkeley E. &amp; Berkeley C. 1941. On a collection of Polychaeta from Southern California. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences 40 (1): 16 - 60." type="journal article" year="1941">Berkeley &amp; Berkeley 1941</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFE2FF9FFC93FCA9FB5BFCF2" author="Bastida-Zavala &amp; ten Hove" box="[862,1250,777,804]" firstAuthor="Bastida-Zavala" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="67 - 110" refId="ref42329" refString="Bastida-Zavala J. R. &amp; ten Hove H. A. 2003. Revision of Hydroides Gunnerus, 1768 (Polychaeta: Serpulidae) from the Eastern Pacific Region and Hawaii. Beaufortia 53: 67 - 110." type="journal article" year="2003">Bastida-Zavala &amp; ten Hove 2003</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B9F6652FFFE2FF9FFF70FCEAFE16FBCF" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="F15336A4FFE2FF9FFF70FCEAFEEFFCB5" blockId="35.[189,342,842,868]" box="[189,342,842,868]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<heading id="AA1B81C8FFE2FF9FFF70FCEAFEEFFCB5" bold="true" box="[189,342,842,868]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" reason="3">
<emphasis id="C398EAB6FFE2FF9FFF70FCEAFEEFFCB5" bold="true" box="[189,342,842,868]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Distribution</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F15336A4FFE2FF9FFF70FCD8FE16FBCF" blockId="35.[189,1398,888,1054]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
California to Bahía
<collectingCountry id="89FB7634FFE2FF9FFE6DFCD9FDB0FC42" box="[416,521,889,915]" name="Haiti" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Tortugas</collectingCountry>
, west coast of Baja California Peninsula (
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFE2FF9FFC25FCD8FADFFC43" author="Bastida-Zavala &amp; ten Hove" box="[1000,1382,888,915]" firstAuthor="Bastida-Zavala" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="67 - 110" refId="ref42329" refString="Bastida-Zavala J. R. &amp; ten Hove H. A. 2003. Revision of Hydroides Gunnerus, 1768 (Polychaeta: Serpulidae) from the Eastern Pacific Region and Hawaii. Beaufortia 53: 67 - 110." type="journal article" year="2003">Bastida-Zavala &amp; ten Hove 2003</bibRefCitation>
). In this work,
<taxonomicName id="36EC4D27FFE2FF9FFEAEFC3BFDF8FC64" baseAuthorityName="Bush" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[355,577,923,949]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Hydroides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="C398EAB6FFE2FF9FFEAEFC3BFDF8FC64" box="[355,577,923,949]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Hydroides gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was found abundantly on fouling plates from Long Beach and San Diego, California; and occasionally from San Francisco, Morro Bay and Mission Bay, California (
<figureCitation id="69D72A21FFE2FF9FFAEFFC1DFAD1FC09" box="[1314,1384,957,984]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="38.[189,232,1965,1991]" captionTargetBox="[211,1377,1179,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@38.[206,1382,1176,1924]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Fig. 6. Distribution of serpulids (Hydroides spp.) from United States fouling plates (closed symbols) and literature records (open symbols)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3834691" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3834691/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="36EC4D27FFE2FF9FFF70FC40FE25FC2B" baseAuthorityName="Bush" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[189,412,992,1018]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Hydroides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="C398EAB6FFE2FF9FFF70FC40FE25FC2B" box="[189,412,992,1018]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Hydroides gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
extends its range northward from Pacific Grove (
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFE2FF9FFBC4FC40FB35FC2A" author="Bush" box="[1033,1164,992,1019]" firstAuthor="Bush" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="169 - 346" refId="ref43170" refString="Bush K. J. 1905. Tubicolous annelids of the tribes Sabellides and Serpulides from the Pacific Ocean. In: Merriam C. H. (ed.) Harriman Alaska Expedition with Cooperation of Washington Academy of Sciences 12: 169 - 346. Doubleday, Page and Company, New York." type="journal article" year="1905">Bush 1905</bibRefCitation>
) to San Francisco, California (
<quantity id="36149B41FFE2FF9FFE89FBA3FE1BFBCF" box="[324,418,1027,1054]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="km" value="140.0">140 km</quantity>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>