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<mods:title id="37B9DC0E6D4BA3D034EDFC0FD6F83BE8">The fouling serpulids (Polychaeta: Serpulidae) from United States coastal waters: an overview</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="36EC4D27FFDAFFA7FD83FA89FC5FFA92" ID-CoL="6MJMF" authority="Morch, 1863" authorityName="Morch" authorityYear="1863" box="[590,998,1321,1348]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Hydroides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="dirampha">
<emphasis id="C398EAB6FFDAFFA7FD83FA89FCFFFA95" bold="true" box="[590,838,1321,1348]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Hydroides dirampha</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFDAFFA7FC83FA89FC5FFA92" author="Morch" box="[846,998,1321,1347]" firstAuthor="Morch" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="347 - 470" refId="ref47696" refString="Morch O. A. L. 1863. Revisio critica Serpulidarum. Et bidrag til rorormenes naturhistorie. Naturhistorisk Tidsskrift, Series 3, 1: 347 - 470." type="journal article" year="1863">Mörch, 1863</bibRefCitation>
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<figureCitation id="69D72A21FFDAFFA7FD11FAECFC84FAB7" box="[732,829,1356,1382]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="25.[189,232,1737,1763]" captionTargetBox="[198,1390,265,1696]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[198,1390,265,1696]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Fig. 4. Serpulids from United States fouling plates. Hydroides bispinosa. A. Operculum, from Biscayne Bay, Florida (SERC-118756). H. cf. brachyacantha. B. Operculum, Pensacola Bay, Florida (SERC- 92415). H. dianthus. C. Operculum, Corpus Christi, Texas (SERC-87878RB). H. dirampha. D. Operculum, Biscayne Bay, Florida (SERC-118709). H. elegans. E. Operculum, San Diego, California (SERC-04075R). H. floridana. F. Operculum, Corpus Christi, Texas (SERC-87968). H. gracilis. G. Operculum, San Diego, California (SERC-34585R). H. longispinosa. H. Operculum, Oahu, Hawaii (SERC-19654). H. parva. I. Operculum, Biscayne Bay, Florida (SERC-118709). H. sanctaecrucis. J. Operculum, Tampa Bay, Florida (SERC-66920R)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3834687" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3834687/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Figs 4D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="69D72A21FFDAFFA7FC84FAECFCE1FAB6" box="[841,856,1356,1383]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="31.[189,232,1965,1991]" captionTargetBox="[220,1367,1192,1921]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[215,1372,1189,1925]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Fig. 5. Distribution of serpulids (Hydroides spp.) from United States fouling plates (closed symbols) and literature records (open symbols)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3834689" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3834689/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">5</figureCitation>
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<taxonomicName id="36EC4D27FFDAFFA7FF70FA2EFC96FA79" ID-CoL="6MJMF" authority="Morch, 1863: 379" authorityName="Morch" authorityPageNumber="379" authorityYear="1863" box="[189,815,1422,1448]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Hydroides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="dirampha" subGenus="Eucarphus">
<emphasis id="C398EAB6FFDAFFA7FF70FA2EFDF4FA79" box="[189,589,1422,1448]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Hydroides (Eucarphus) dirampha</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFDAFFA7FD98FA2EFC96FA79" author="Morch" box="[597,815,1422,1448]" firstAuthor="Morch" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="347 - 470" refId="ref47696" refString="Morch O. A. L. 1863. Revisio critica Serpulidarum. Et bidrag til rorormenes naturhistorie. Naturhistorisk Tidsskrift, Series 3, 1: 347 - 470." type="journal article" year="1863">Mörch, 1863: 379</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 11, fig. 10 (
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<taxonomicName id="36EC4D27FFDAFFA7FF70FA74FCA0FA3F" ID-CoL="3N79N" authority="Morch, 1863: 380" authorityName="Morch" authorityPageNumber="380" authorityYear="1863" box="[189,793,1492,1519]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Hydroides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="benzoni" subGenus="Eucarphus">
<emphasis id="C398EAB6FFDAFFA7FF70FA74FD8FFA3F" box="[189,566,1492,1518]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Hydroides (Eucarphus) benzoni</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFDAFFA7FDF2FA74FCA0FA3F" author="Morch" box="[575,793,1492,1519]" firstAuthor="Morch" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="347 - 470" refId="ref47696" refString="Morch O. A. L. 1863. Revisio critica Serpulidarum. Et bidrag til rorormenes naturhistorie. Naturhistorisk Tidsskrift, Series 3, 1: 347 - 470." type="journal article" year="1863">Mörch, 1863: 380</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 11, fig. 11 (
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locality:
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,
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; on the gastropod
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, now
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<emphasis id="C398EAB6FFDAFFA7FD60FA58FC72F9C0" box="[685,971,1527,1554]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Stramonita haemastoma</emphasis>
(
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))
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.
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<taxonomicName id="36EC4D27FFDAFFA7FF70F9BBFCCDF9E4" ID-CoL="5HZVG" authority="Morch, 1863: 379" authorityName="Morch" authorityPageNumber="379" authorityYear="1863" box="[189,884,1562,1589]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Hydroides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Annelida" rank="subSpecies" species="cumingii" subGenus="Eucarphus" subSpecies="navalis">
<emphasis id="C398EAB6FFDAFFA7FF70F9BBFD23F9E4" box="[189,666,1563,1589]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Hydroides (Eucarphus) cumingii navalis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFDAFFA7FD6CF9BBFCCDF9E4" author="Morch" box="[673,884,1562,1589]" firstAuthor="Morch" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="347 - 470" refId="ref47696" refString="Morch O. A. L. 1863. Revisio critica Serpulidarum. Et bidrag til rorormenes naturhistorie. Naturhistorisk Tidsskrift, Series 3, 1: 347 - 470." type="journal article" year="1863">Mörch, 1863: 379</bibRefCitation>
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(
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locality:
<collectingCountry id="89FB7634FFDAFFA7FBEAF9BBFB73F9E7" box="[1063,1226,1563,1590]" name="New Zealand" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
).
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<treatmentCitation id="704D10B5FFDAFFA7FF70F99FFD54F989" author="Claparede E." box="[189,749,1598,1624]" page="182" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" year="1870">
<taxonomicName id="36EC4D27FFDAFFA7FF70F99FFD54F989" ID-CoL="3CX2K" authority="Claparede, 1870: 181 - 182" authorityName="Claparede" authorityPageNumber="181 - 182" authorityYear="1870" box="[189,749,1598,1624]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Eupomatus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="lunulifer">
<emphasis id="C398EAB6FFDAFFA7FF70F99FFE17F989" box="[189,430,1598,1624]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Eupomatus lunulifer</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFDAFFA7FE7BF99EFD54F989" author="Claparede" box="[438,749,1598,1624]" firstAuthor="Claparede" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 225" refId="ref43705" refString="Claparede E. 1870. Les annelides chetopodes du Golfe de Naples. Supplement. Memoires de la Societe de Physique et d'Histoire Naturelle de Geneve 20 (1): 1 - 225." type="journal article" year="1870">Claparède, 1870: 181182</bibRefCitation>
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(
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locality: Gulf of Naples,
<collectingCountry id="89FB7634FFDAFFA7FBADF99EFB20F989" box="[1120,1177,1598,1624]" name="Italy" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Italy</collectingCountry>
; hull of a vessel in refit).
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F15336A4FFDAFFA7FF70F924FC6FF94E" blockId="27.[189,1399,1422,1766]" box="[189,982,1668,1695]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<treatmentCitation id="704D10B5FFDAFFA7FF70F924FD1EF94E" author="Bush K. J." box="[189,679,1668,1695]" page="496" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" year="1910">
<taxonomicName id="36EC4D27FFDAFFA7FF70F924FD1EF94E" ID-CoL="3BR46" authority="Bush, 1910: 495 - 496" authorityName="Bush" authorityPageNumber="495 - 496" authorityYear="1910" box="[189,679,1668,1695]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Eucarphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="serratus">
<emphasis id="C398EAB6FFDAFFA7FF70F924FE1AF94F" box="[189,419,1668,1694]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Eucarphus serratus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFDAFFA7FE66F924FD1EF94E" author="Bush" box="[427,679,1668,1695]" firstAuthor="Bush" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="490 - 501" refId="ref43268" refString="Bush K. J. 1910. Description of new serpulids from Bermuda with notes on known forms from adjacent regions. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 62: 490 - 501. http: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 5526383 # page / 528 / mode / 1 up" type="journal article" year="1910">Bush, 1910: 495496</bibRefCitation>
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(
<typeStatus id="2E578806FFDAFFA7FD7BF924FD53F94F" box="[694,746,1668,1694]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">type</typeStatus>
locality:
<collectingCountry id="89FB7634FFDAFFA7FC94F924FC73F94E" box="[857,970,1668,1695]" name="Bermuda" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F15336A4FFDAFFA7FF70F907FE06F937" blockId="27.[189,1399,1422,1766]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="D1FC118AFFDAFFA7FF70F907FE06F937" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<treatmentCitation id="704D10B5FFDAFFA7FF70F907FD4BF910" author="Rioja E." box="[189,754,1703,1730]" page="130" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" year="1942">
<taxonomicName id="36EC4D27FFDAFFA7FF70F907FD4BF910" ID-CoL="3N7BZ" authority="Rioja, 1942: 126 - 130" authorityName="Rioja" authorityPageNumber="126 - 130" authorityYear="1942" box="[189,754,1703,1730]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Hydroides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="malleophorus">
<emphasis id="C398EAB6FFDAFFA7FF70F907FE58F910" box="[189,481,1703,1729]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Hydroides malleophorus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFDAFFA7FE26F907FD4BF910" author="Rioja" box="[491,754,1703,1730]" firstAuthor="Rioja" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="125 - 135" refId="ref49107" refString="Rioja E. 1942. Estudios Anelidologicos IV. Observaciones sobre especies de serpulidos de las costas del Pacifico de Mexico, con descripcion de una especie nueva del genero Hydroides. Anales del Instituto de Biologia 13: 125 - 135." type="journal article" year="1942">Rioja, 1942: 126130</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, figs 714 (
<typeStatus id="2E578806FFDAFFA7FC4CF908FC0CF913" box="[897,949,1704,1730]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">type</typeStatus>
locality: Mazatlán,
<collectingRegion id="3328F846FFDAFFA7FB6AF907FABBF910" box="[1191,1282,1703,1729]" country="Mexico" name="Sinaloa" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Sinaloa</collectingRegion>
, Mexican Pacific; on rocks).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F15336A4FFDAFFA7FF70F8ACFBDAF8F6" blockId="27.[189,1399,1804,2007]" box="[189,1123,1804,1831]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="D1FC118AFFDAFFA7FF70F8ACFBDAF8F6" box="[189,1123,1804,1831]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<taxonomicName id="36EC4D27FFDAFFA7FF70F8ACFD87F8F7" ID-CoL="5B42L" baseAuthorityName="Mörch" baseAuthorityYear="1863" box="[189,574,1804,1830]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Hydroides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="cumingii" subGenus="Eucarphus">
<emphasis id="C398EAB6FFDAFFA7FF70F8ACFD87F8F7" box="[189,574,1804,1830]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Hydroides (Eucarphus) cumingii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<treatmentCitation id="704D10B5FFDAFFA7FD96F8ACFCF8F8F7" author="Ehlers E." box="[603,833,1804,1831]" page="70" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" year="1905">
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFDAFFA7FD96F8ACFCF8F8F7" author="Ehlers" box="[603,833,1804,1831]" firstAuthor="Ehlers" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 80" refId="ref44682" refString="Ehlers E. 1905. Neuseelandische Anneliden. Abhandlungen der Koniglichen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Gottingen, Mathematisch-Physikalische Klasse, Neue Folge 3 (1): 1 - 80." type="journal article" year="1905">Ehlers 1905: 7072</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(Oahu,
<collectingRegion id="3328F846FFDAFFA7FC6DF8ACFC41F8F7" box="[928,1016,1804,1830]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
; harbor).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F15336A4FFDAFFA7FF70F88FFB82F89B" blockId="27.[189,1399,1804,2007]" box="[189,1083,1839,1866]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="D1FC118AFFDAFFA7FF70F88FFB82F89B" box="[189,1083,1839,1866]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<taxonomicName id="36EC4D27FFDAFFA7FF70F88FFE8FF898" ID-CoL="84P7C" authorityName="Gunnerus" authorityYear="1768" box="[189,310,1839,1865]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Hydroides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C398EAB6FFDAFFA7FF70F88FFE8FF898" box="[189,310,1839,1865]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Hydroides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.
<treatmentCitation id="704D10B5FFDAFFA7FEB1F88FFDCBF898" author="Treadwell A. L." box="[380,626,1839,1866]" page="226" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" year="1914">
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFDAFFA7FEB1F88FFDCBF898" author="Treadwell" box="[380,626,1839,1866]" firstAuthor="Treadwell" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="175 - 234" refId="ref51286" refString="Treadwell A. L. 1914. Polychaetous annelids of the Pacific coast in the collections of the Zoological Museum of the University of California. University of California Publications in Zoology 13 (8): 175 - 234." type="journal article" year="1914">Treadwell 1914: 226</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 12, fig. 48 (
<collectingRegion id="3328F846FFDAFFA7FCE7F88FFC3DF898" box="[810,900,1839,1865]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
; yacht bottom).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F15336A4FFDAFFA0FF70F8F2FE17FEBC" blockId="27.[189,1399,1804,2007]" lastBlockId="28.[189,1399,267,1491]" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="D1FC118AFFDAFFA0FF70F8F2FE17FEBC" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<taxonomicName id="36EC4D27FFDAFFA7FF70F8F2FE01F8BD" ID-CoL="3N7BX" baseAuthorityName="Claparède" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[189,440,1874,1900]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Hydroides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="lunulifera">
<emphasis id="C398EAB6FFDAFFA7FF70F8F2FE01F8BD" box="[189,440,1874,1900]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Hydroides lunulifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<treatmentCitation id="704D10B5FFDAFFA7FE2EF8F3FD74F8BC" author="Monro C. C. A." box="[483,717,1875,1901]" page="1082" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" year="1933">
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFDAFFA7FE2EF8F3FD74F8BC" author="Monro" box="[483,717,1875,1901]" firstAuthor="Monro" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="1039 - 1092" refId="ref47528" refString="Monro C. C. A. 1933. The Polychaeta Sedentaria collected by Dr. C. Crossland at Colon, in the Panama region, and the Galapagos Islands during the expedition of the S. Y. &quot; St. George &quot;. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1933: 1039 - 1092. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1933. tb 01640. x" type="journal article" year="1933">Monro 1933: 1082</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(
<collectingRegion id="3328F846FFDAFFA7FD2EF8F2FC96F8BD" box="[739,815,1874,1900]" country="Panama" name="Colon" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Colon</collectingRegion>
, Atlantic side of
<collectingCountry id="89FB7634FFDAFFA7FBDDF8F3FBC8F8BC" box="[1040,1137,1875,1901]" name="Panama" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Panama</collectingCountry>
; on pier pilings). —
<treatmentCitation id="704D10B5FFDAFFA7FF27F8D6FD28F841" author="Edmonson C. H. &amp; Ingram W. M." box="[234,657,1910,1936]" page="268" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" year="1939">
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFDAFFA7FF27F8D6FD28F841" author="Edmonson &amp; Ingram" box="[234,657,1910,1936]" firstAuthor="Edmonson" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="251 - 300" refId="ref44504" refString="Edmonson C. H. &amp; Ingram W. M. 1939. Fouling organisms in Hawaii. Occasional Papers of the Bernice P. Bishop Museum 14 (14): 251 - 300. http: // hbs. bishopmuseum. org / pubs-online / pdf / op 14 - 14. pdf" type="journal article" year="1939">Edmonson &amp; Ingram 1939: 268271</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(Kaneohe Bay and Pearl Harbor, Oahu, Hawaii; pier fouling). —
<treatmentCitation id="704D10B5FFDAFFA7FF27F839FE54F862" author="Edmonson C. H." box="[234,493,1945,1971]" page="3" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" year="1944">
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFDAFFA7FF27F839FE54F862" author="Edmonson" box="[234,493,1945,1971]" firstAuthor="Edmonson" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 34" refId="ref44453" refString="Edmonson C. H. 1944. Incidence of fouling in Pearl Harbor. Occasional Papers of the Bernice P. Bishop Museum 18 (1): 1 - 34. http: // hbs. bishopmuseum. org / pubs-online / pdf / op 18 - 1. pdf" type="journal article" year="1944">Edmonson 1944: 316</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(Pearl Harbor, Oahu, Hawaii; fouling experiments;
<quantity id="36149B41FFDAFFA7FBFBF839FB39F862" box="[1078,1152,1945,1971]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="m" value="2.0" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="0.0">04 m</quantity>
). —
<treatmentCitation id="704D10B5FFDAFFA7FB7FF839FEACF807" author="Rioja E." page="310" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" year="1961">
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFDAFFA7FB7FF839FEACF807" author="Rioja" firstAuthor="Rioja" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="289 - 316" refId="ref49359" refString="Rioja E. 1961. Estudios Anelidologicos XXIV: Adiciones a la fauna de anelidos poliquetos de las costas orientales de Mexico. Anales del Instituto de Biologia 31: 289 - 316." type="journal article" year="1961">Rioja1961: 310 311</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(Antón Lizardo Beach,
<collectingRegion id="3328F846FFDAFFA7FDE0F81DFD21F806" box="[557,664,1981,2007]" country="Mexico" name="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Veracruz</collectingRegion>
, eastern
<collectingCountry id="89FB7634FFDAFFA7FD31F81CFCE0F807" box="[764,857,1980,2006]" name="Mexico" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Mexico</collectingCountry>
; on ascidians). —
<treatmentCitation id="704D10B5FFDAFFA7FBE0F81CFA99F807" author="Straughan D." box="[1069,1312,1980,2007]" page="232" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" year="1969">
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFDAFFA7FBE0F81CFA99F807" author="Straughan" box="[1069,1312,1980,2007]" firstAuthor="Straughan" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="229 - 240" refId="ref50488" refString="Straughan D. 1969. Serpulidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from Oahu, Hawaii. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences 68 (4): 229 - 240. http: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 34157438 # page / 811 / mode / 1 up" type="journal article" year="1969">Straughan 1969: 232</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(Oahu, Hawaii, samples from
<date id="85521064FFDDFFA0FE3CFEABFD34FEF4" box="[497,653,267,294]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="1929" valueMax="1968">1929 to 1968</date>
; intertidal to
<quantity id="36149B41FFDDFFA0FCE8FEABFCD2FEF7" box="[805,875,267,294]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="m" value="1.5">1.5 m</quantity>
). —
<treatmentCitation id="704D10B5FFDDFFA0FC6FFEABFB0CFEF4" author="Nelson-Smith A." box="[930,1205,267,294]" page="31" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" year="1967">
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFDDFFA0FC6FFEABFB0CFEF4" author="Nelson-Smith" box="[930,1205,267,294]" firstAuthor="Nelson-Smith" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="ref47814" refString="Nelson-Smith A. 1967. Catalogue of Main Marine Fouling Organisms (found on Ships coming into European Waters). Vol. 3. Serpulids. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, Paris." type="book" year="1967">Nelson-Smith 1967: 31</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 16 (
<collectingCountry id="89FB7634FFDDFFA0FAD5FEABFACEFEF4" box="[1304,1399,267,293]" name="Panama" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Panama</collectingCountry>
Canal). —
<treatmentCitation id="704D10B5FFDDFFA0FEA2FE8EFD0AFE98" author="Lakshmana Rao M. V." box="[367,691,302,329]" page="5" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" year="1969">
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFDDFFA0FEA2FE8EFD0AFE98" author="Lakshmana Rao" box="[367,691,302,329]" firstAuthor="Lakshmana Rao" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 20" refId="ref47133" refString="Lakshmana Rao M. V. 1969. Fouling serpulids from some Indian harbours. Journal of the Timber Development Association of India 15 (2): 1 - 20." type="journal article" year="1969">Lakshmana Rao 1969: 56</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 3, figs ag (Visakhapatnam and Madras, now Chennai,
<collectingCountry id="89FB7634FFDDFFA0FF27FEF2FE93FEBD" box="[234,298,338,364]" name="India" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">India</collectingCountry>
; harbours).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F15336A4FFDDFFA0FF70FED5FACEFCE7" blockId="28.[189,1399,267,1491]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="D1FC118AFFDDFFA0FF70FED5FACEFCE7" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<taxonomicName id="36EC4D27FFDDFFA0FF70FED5FE0BFE5E" ID-CoL="6MJMF" authorityName="Morch" authorityYear="1863" box="[189,434,373,399]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Hydroides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="dirampha">
<emphasis id="C398EAB6FFDDFFA0FF70FED5FE0BFE5E" box="[189,434,373,399]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Hydroides dirampha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<treatmentCitation id="704D10B5FFDDFFA0FE1EFED5FD77FE41" box="[467,718,373,400]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFDDFFA0FE1EFED5FD77FE41" author="Zibrowius" box="[467,718,373,400]" firstAuthor="Zibrowius" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="691 - 746" refId="ref52136" refString="Zibrowius H. 1971. Les especes Mediterraneennes du genre Hydroides (Polychaeta Serpulidae): remarques sur le pretendu polymorphisme de Hydroides uncinata. Tethys 2: 691 - 746." type="journal article" year="1971">Zibrowius 1971: 705</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
707, figs 69 (
<collectingCountry id="89FB7634FFDDFFA0FC47FED5FC7BFE5E" box="[906,962,373,399]" name="Italy" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Italy</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="89FB7634FFDDFFA0FC1CFED5FBF2FE5E" box="[977,1099,373,399]" name="Bermuda" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Bermudas</collectingCountry>
, Florida, Lesser Antilles,
<collectingRegion id="3328F846FFDDFFA0FF27FE39FEECFE62" box="[234,341,409,435]" country="Mexico" name="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Veracruz</collectingRegion>
, eastern
<collectingCountry id="89FB7634FFDDFFA0FE74FE38FDAFFE63" box="[441,534,408,434]" name="Mexico" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Mexico</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="89FB7634FFDDFFA0FDEDFE39FD39FE62" box="[544,640,409,435]" name="Panama" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Panama</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="89FB7634FFDDFFA0FD47FE38FCBFFE63" box="[650,774,408,434]" name="Venezuela" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="89FB7634FFDDFFA0FCDDFE38FCE2FE63" box="[784,859,408,434]" name="Brazil" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Brazil</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="89FB7634FFDDFFA0FCA8FE38FC45FE63" box="[869,1020,408,434]" name="South Africa" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">South Africa</collectingCountry>
, Java, Hawaii and
<collectingCountry id="89FB7634FFDDFFA0FB1FFE39FACBFE63" box="[1234,1394,408,435]" name="New Zealand" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
; intertidal to
<quantity id="36149B41FFDDFFA0FE4CFE1BFE7AFE07" box="[385,451,443,470]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="m" value="90.0">90 m</quantity>
; on scleractinian corals
<emphasis id="C398EAB6FFDDFFA0FD21FE1BFC50FE04" box="[748,1001,443,469]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Cladocora arbuscula</emphasis>
(Le Sueur, 1820) and
<taxonomicName id="36EC4D27FFDDFFA0FACEFE1CFACEFE07" box="[1283,1399,444,470]" class="Anthozoa" family="Rhizangiidae" genus="Astrangia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C398EAB6FFDDFFA0FACEFE1CFACEFE07" box="[1283,1399,444,470]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Astrangia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.; on pier and hull of boat). —
<treatmentCitation id="704D10B5FFDDFFA0FD5AFE7FFCF7FE28" box="[663,846,479,505]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFDDFFA0FD5AFE7FFCF7FE28" author="Long" box="[663,846,479,505]" firstAuthor="Long" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="23 - 36" refId="ref47466" refString="Long E. R. 1974. Marine fouling studies off Oahu, Hawaii. The Veliger 17 (1): 23 - 36." type="journal article" year="1974">Long 1974: 28</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(Oahu, Hawaii;
<quantity id="36149B41FFDDFFA0FBEFFE7EFB3DFE28" box="[1058,1156,478,505]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="3.6" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="m" value="22.5" valueMax="36.0" valueMin="9.0">936 m</quantity>
; fouling plates). —
<treatmentCitation id="704D10B5FFDDFFA0FF27FDA2FE41FDCD" box="[234,504,514,540]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFDDFFA0FF27FDA2FE41FDCD" author="Bailey-Brock" box="[234,504,514,540]" firstAuthor="Bailey-Brock" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="69 - 81" refId="ref41829" refString="Bailey-Brock J. H. 1976. Habitats of tubicolous polychaetes from the Hawaiian Islands and Johnston Atoll. Pacific Science 30 (1): 69 - 81. http: // scholarspace. manoa. hawaii. edu / bitstream / handle / 10125 / 1532 / v 30 n 1 - 69 - 81. pdf" type="journal article" year="1976">Bailey-Brock 1976: 77</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
78 (Oahu Island and Hawaii Island; reef flats, epifauna of mobile substrata (mollusks and crustaceans), boat harbors and lagoons and reef slope). —
<treatmentCitation id="704D10B5FFDDFFA0FBA1FD85FAFDFD91" box="[1132,1348,549,576]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFDDFFA0FBA1FD85FAFDFD91" author="Imajima" box="[1132,1348,549,576]" firstAuthor="Imajima" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="49 - 72" refId="ref46347" refString="Imajima M. 1978. Serpulidae (Annelida, Polychaeta) collected around Nii-jima and O-shima, Izu Islands. Memoirs of the National Science Museum 11: 49 - 72." type="journal article" year="1978">Imajima 1978: 54</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
56, fig. 3aj (Ō-shima Island; intertidal); 1979: 168169 (Kushimoto Harbour, southern
<collectingCountry id="89FB7634FFDDFFA0FACCFDE9FAF1FDB2" box="[1281,1352,585,611]" name="Japan" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Japan</collectingCountry>
; on rope). —
<treatmentCitation id="704D10B5FFDDFFA0FEAFFDCCFDFBFD54" box="[354,578,619,646]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFDDFFA0FEAFFDCCFDFBFD54" author="Duenas" box="[354,578,619,646]" firstAuthor="Duenas" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="82 - 138" refId="ref44387" refString="Duenas P. D. 1981. Inventario preliminar de los poliquetos (Annelida) de aguas someras de la Bahia de Cartagena y areas adyacentes. Boletin del Museo del Mar (10): 82 - 138." type="journal article" year="1981">Dueñas 1981: 100</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 30AF (Cartagena Bay,
<collectingCountry id="89FB7634FFDDFFA0FC64FDCBFB98FD54" box="[937,1057,619,645]" name="Colombia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Colombia</collectingCountry>
; on cement wall and plastic tubes related to shrimp culture ponds). —
<treatmentCitation id="704D10B5FFDDFFA0FD18FD2EFC56FD78" box="[725,1007,654,681]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFDDFFA0FD18FD2EFC56FD78" author="Bailey-Brock" box="[725,1007,654,681]" firstAuthor="Bailey-Brock" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="213 - 453" refId="ref41888" refString="Bailey-Brock J. H. 1987. Phylum Annelida. In: Devaney D. M. &amp; Eldredge L. G. (eds) Reef and Shore Fauna of Hawaii. Section 3: Sipuncula through Annelida: 213 - 453. Special Publication of the Bernice P. Bishop Museum, 64." type="journal article" year="1987">Bailey-Brock 1987: 420</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(Hawaii). —
<treatmentCitation id="704D10B5FFDDFFA0FB5DFD2EFACFFD78" box="[1168,1398,654,681]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFDDFFA0FB5DFD2EFACFFD78" author="Zibrowius" box="[1168,1398,654,681]" firstAuthor="Zibrowius" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="83 - 107" refId="ref52277" refString="Zibrowius H. 1992. Ongoing modification of the Mediterranean marine fauna and flora by the establishment of exotic species. Mesogee 51: 83 - 107." type="journal article" year="1992">Zibrowius 1992: 91</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(discussion about its origin in tropical American Atlantic). —
<treatmentCitation id="704D10B5FFDDFFA0FC2CFD12FAB1FD1C" box="[993,1288,690,717]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFDDFFA0FC2CFD12FAB1FD1C" author="Bastida-Zavala" box="[993,1288,690,717]" firstAuthor="Bastida-Zavala" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="11 - 39" refId="ref42079" refString="Bastida-Zavala J. R. 1993. Taxonomia y composicion biogeografica de los poliquetos (Annelida: Polychaeta) de la Bahia de La Paz, B. C. S., Mexico. Revista de Investigacion Cientifica 4: 11 - 39." type="journal article" year="1993">Bastida-Zavala 1993: 35</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(Gulf of California: Caimancito Beach, La Paz Bay, Baja California Sur; rocks and sand). —
<treatmentCitation id="704D10B5FFDDFFA0FB7EFD75FACFFD21" box="[1203,1398,725,752]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFDDFFA0FB7EFD75FACFFD21" author="Perkins" box="[1203,1398,725,752]" firstAuthor="Perkins" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="79 - 122" refId="ref48322" refString="Perkins T. H. 1998. Checklist of shallow-water marine polychaetous Annelida of Florida. In: Camp D. K., Lyons W. G. &amp; Perkins T. H. (eds) Checklist of Selected Shallow-water Marine Invertebrates of Florida: 79 - 122. Florida Marine Research Institute, Technical Report 3." type="book chapter" year="1998">Perkins 1998: 95</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(checklist of shallow-water polychaetes of Florida). —
<treatmentCitation id="704D10B5FFDDFFA0FC0DFD59FB25FCC3" box="[960,1180,760,787]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFDDFFA0FC0DFD59FB25FCC3" author="Duenas" box="[960,1180,760,787]" firstAuthor="Duenas" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="9 - 18" refId="ref44427" refString="Duenas P. D. 1999. Algunos poliquetos (Annelida) del Caribe colombiano. Milenio 1 (2): 9 - 18." type="journal article" year="1999">Dueñas 1999: 14</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(Cartagena Bay,
<collectingCountry id="89FB7634FFDDFFA0FF27FCBBFEDAFCE7" box="[234,355,795,822]" name="Colombia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Colombia</collectingCountry>
). —
<treatmentCitation id="704D10B5FFDDFFA0FE5BFCBBFC81FCE4" box="[406,824,795,822]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFDDFFA0FE5BFCBBFC81FCE4" author="Diaz-Diaz &amp; Linero-Arana" box="[406,824,795,822]" firstAuthor="Diaz-Diaz" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="9 - 20" refId="ref44341" refString="Diaz-Diaz O. &amp; Linero-Arana I. 2001. Poliquetos asociados a substratos artificiales sumergidos en la costa nororiental de Venezuela. II: Serpulidae y Spirorbidae. Boletin del Instituto de Oceanografia de Venezuela 40 (1 - 2): 9 - 20." type="journal article" year="2001">Díaz-Díaz &amp; Liñero-Arana 2001: 12</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
13 (Cariaco Gulf,
<collectingCountry id="89FB7634FFDDFFA0FBD9FCBBFB29FCE4" box="[1044,1168,795,821]" name="Venezuela" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
; PVC dock pilings).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F15336A4FFDDFFA0FF70FC9FFE0EFA02" blockId="28.[189,1399,267,1491]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="D1FC118AFFDDFFA0FF70FC9FFE0EFA02" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<taxonomicName id="36EC4D27FFDDFFA0FF70FC9FFE7AFC88" ID-CoL="6MJMH" box="[189,451,831,857]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Hydroides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="diramphus">
<emphasis id="C398EAB6FFDDFFA0FF70FC9FFE7AFC88" box="[189,451,831,857]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Hydroides diramphus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<treatmentCitation id="704D10B5FFDDFFA0FE3CFC9EFB9EFC88" box="[497,1063,830,857]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFDDFFA0FE3CFC9EFB9EFC88" author="Bastida-Zavala &amp; Salazar-Vallejo" box="[497,1063,830,857]" firstAuthor="Bastida-Zavala" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="841 - 858" refId="ref42427" refString="Bastida-Zavala J. R. &amp; Salazar-Vallejo S. I. 2000 b. Serpulidos (Polychaeta: Serpulidae) del Caribe noroccidental: Hydroides y Serpula. Revista de Biologia Tropical 48: 841 - 858." type="journal article" year="2000" yearSuffix="b">Bastida-Zavala &amp; Salazar-Vallejo 2000b: 845</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
846, figs 2ad (San Juan de Ulúa,
<collectingRegion id="3328F846FFDDFFA0FE96FCC2FE7FFCAD" box="[347,454,866,892]" country="Mexico" name="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Veracruz</collectingRegion>
, eastern
<collectingCountry id="89FB7634FFDDFFA0FDFEFCC2FD29FCAD" box="[563,656,866,892]" name="Mexico" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Mexico</collectingCountry>
;
<quantity id="36149B41FFDDFFA0FD52FCC2FCBFFCAD" box="[671,774,866,893]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="m" value="1.25" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.0">11.5 m</quantity>
; on wall with vermetids, oysters and ascidians). —
<treatmentCitation id="704D10B5FFDDFFA0FF27FC25FD0DFC4E" box="[234,692,901,927]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFDDFFA0FF27FC25FD0DFC4E" author="Bastida-Zavala &amp; ten Hove" box="[234,692,901,927]" firstAuthor="Bastida-Zavala" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="103 - 178" refId="ref42291" refString="Bastida-Zavala J. R. &amp; ten Hove H. A. 2002. Revision of Hydroides Gunnerus, 1768 (Polychaeta: Serpulidae) from the Western Atlantic Region. Beaufortia 52: 103 - 178." type="journal article" year="2002">Bastida-Zavala &amp; ten Hove 2002: 161</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
164, figs 34AP, 36 (
<collectingCountry id="89FB7634FFDDFFA0FC0FFC25FB8BFC4E" box="[962,1074,901,927]" name="Bermuda" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="3328F846FFDDFFA0FB8DFC25FB12FC4E" box="[1088,1195,901,927]" country="Mexico" name="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Veracruz</collectingRegion>
, eastern
<collectingCountry id="89FB7634FFDDFFA0FAD8FC25FACBFC4E" box="[1301,1394,901,927]" name="Mexico" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Mexico</collectingCountry>
, Cura ҫao, Atlantic
<collectingCountry id="89FB7634FFDDFFA0FE0EFC09FD9AFC12" box="[451,547,937,963]" name="Panama" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Panama</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="89FB7634FFDDFFA0FDFDFC08FD10FC13" box="[560,681,936,962]" name="Venezuela" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="89FB7634FFDDFFA0FD2BFC08FC88FC13" box="[742,817,936,962]" name="Brazil" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Brazil</collectingCountry>
; intertidal to
<quantity id="36149B41FFDDFFA0FC1EFC08FBADFC12" box="[979,1044,936,963]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="m" value="23.0">23 m</quantity>
; on
<taxonomicName id="36EC4D27FFDDFFA0FB84FC08FB6BFC13" ID-CoL="78YS" box="[1097,1234,936,962]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhizophoraceae" genus="Rhizophora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C398EAB6FFDDFFA0FB84FC08FB6BFC13" box="[1097,1234,936,962]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Rhizophora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, salinity: 31 37‰); 2003: 8386, fig. 10AL (southern California, Hawaii and Baja California Sur, Mexican Pacific; intertidal to
<quantity id="36149B41FFDDFFA0FE2AFC4FFDA2FBD8" box="[487,539,1007,1033]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</quantity>
; on pier piling and rocks on sand). —
<treatmentCitation id="704D10B5FFDDFFA0FBCAFC4EFACFFBD8" box="[1031,1398,1006,1033]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFDDFFA0FBCAFC4EFACFFBD8" author="Rodriguez-Valencia" box="[1031,1398,1006,1033]" firstAuthor="Rodriguez-Valencia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="515 - 526" refId="ref49503" refString="Rodriguez-Valencia J. A. 2004. Respuesta de los poliquetos bentonicos a la variabilidad ambiental y condiciones El Nino en Bahia Petacalco (Guerrero, Mexico). Ciencias Marinas 30 (4): 515 - 526. http: // libros. duhnnae. com / 2017 / may / 14944091826 - Respuesta-de-los-poliquetos-bentonicos-a-lavariabilidad-ambiental-y-condiciones-el-nino-en-bahia. php" type="journal article" year="2004">Rodríguez-Valencia 2004: 520</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(Petacalco Bay, Guerrero, southern Mexican Pacific;
<quantity id="36149B41FFDDFFA0FCABFBB2FC7CFBFD" box="[870,965,1042,1068]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="0.3" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="m" value="12.0" valueMax="21.0" valueMin="3.0">321 m</quantity>
). —
<treatmentCitation id="704D10B5FFDDFFA0FBCFFBB2FB71FBFD" box="[1026,1224,1042,1068]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFDDFFA0FBCFFBB2FB71FBFD" author="Cinar" box="[1026,1224,1042,1068]" firstAuthor="Cinar" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="223 - 240" refId="ref43602" refString="Cinar M. E. 2006. Serpulid species (Polychaeta: Serpulidae) from the Levantine coast of Turkey (eastern Mediterranean), with special emphasis on alien species. Aquatic Invasions 1 (4): 223 - 240. https: // doi. org / 10.3391 / ai. 2006.1.4.6" type="journal article" year="2006">Çinar 2006: 226</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 3AC (as NIS from eastern Levantine coast of
<collectingCountry id="89FB7634FFDDFFA0FD59FB95FD54FB81" box="[660,749,1077,1104]" name="Turkey" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Turkey</collectingCountry>
). —
<treatmentCitation id="704D10B5FFDDFFA0FCEEFB95FBFDFB81" box="[803,1092,1077,1104]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFDDFFA0FCEEFB95FBFDFB81" author="Bastida-Zavala" box="[803,1092,1077,1104]" firstAuthor="Bastida-Zavala" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 61" refId="ref42167" refString="Bastida-Zavala J. R. 2008. Serpulids (Annelida: Polychaeta) from the eastern Pacific, including a brief mention of Hawaiian serpulids. Zootaxa 1722: 1 - 61." type="journal article" year="2008">Bastida-Zavala 2008: 25</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 6G (Hawaii, southern California and Sinaloa, Mexican Pacific; intertidal to
<quantity id="36149B41FFDDFFA0FCB9FBF8FC11FBA2" box="[884,936,1112,1139]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="m" value="2.0">2 m</quantity>
). —
<treatmentCitation id="704D10B5FFDDFFA0FC2AFBF8FAF1FBA3" box="[999,1352,1112,1139]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFDDFFA0FC2AFBF8FAF1FBA3" author="Carlton &amp; Eldredge" box="[999,1352,1112,1139]" firstAuthor="Carlton" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="ref43366" refString="Carlton J. T. &amp; Eldredge L. G. 2009. Marine Bioinvasions of Hawai'i. The Introduced and Cryptogenic Marine and Estuarine Animals and Plants of the Hawaiian Archipelago. Bishop Museum Bulletins in Cultural and Environmental Studies 4. Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu." type="book" year="2009">Carlton &amp; Eldredge 2009: 61</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
62 (Hawaii; invasion history). —
<treatmentCitation id="704D10B5FFDDFFA0FD91FBDBFC52FB44" box="[604,1003,1147,1174]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFDDFFA0FD91FBDBFC52FB44" author="Ben-Eliahu &amp; ten Hove" box="[604,1003,1147,1174]" firstAuthor="Ben-Eliahu" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 147" refId="ref42760" refString="Ben-Eliahu M. N. &amp; ten Hove H. A. 2011. Serpulidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from the Suez Canal- From a Lessepsian migration perspective. Zootaxa 2848: 1 - 147. http: // www. mapress. com / zootaxa / 2011 / f / zt 02848 p 147. pdf" type="journal article" year="2011">Ben-Eliahu &amp; ten Hove 2011: 17</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
19, figs 4, 5AC (
<collectingCountry id="89FB7634FFDDFFA0FB18FBDBFAA3FB44" box="[1237,1306,1147,1173]" name="Israel" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Israel</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="89FB7634FFDDFFA0FAE4FBDCFACBFB47" box="[1321,1394,1148,1174]" name="Egypt" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Egypt</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="3328F846FFDDFFA0FF27FB3FFE9AFB68" box="[234,291,1183,1209]" country="Egypt" name="As Suways" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Suez</collectingRegion>
Canal and
<collectingRegion id="3328F846FFDDFFA0FE69FB3EFDBEFB68" box="[420,519,1182,1209]" country="Egypt" name="Al Bahr al Ahmar" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Red Sea</collectingRegion>
;
<quantity id="36149B41FFDDFFA0FDDCFB3FFD3BFB68" box="[529,642,1183,1209]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.15" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="0.3" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="m" value="5.15" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="0.3">0.310 m</quantity>
; on algae (
<taxonomicName id="36EC4D27FFDDFFA0FD30FB3FFC5AFB68" authority="C. Agardh" authorityName="C. Agardh" box="[765,995,1182,1209]" class="Aves" family="Rhodomelaceae" genus="Digenea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ceramiales" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C398EAB6FFDDFFA0FD30FB3FFCD9FB69" box="[765,864,1183,1208]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Digenea</emphasis>
C. Agardh
</taxonomicName>
), sponges, mollusks (
<taxonomicName id="36EC4D27FFDDFFA0FB17FB3FFD81FB0D" authority="(P. Fischer, 1870)" baseAuthorityName="P. Fischer" baseAuthorityYear="1870" class="Bivalvia" family="Mytilidae" genus="Brachidontes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mytiloida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pharaonis">
<emphasis id="C398EAB6FFDDFFA0FB17FB3FFED8FB0D" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Brachidontes pharaonis</emphasis>
(P. Fischer, 1870)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="36EC4D27FFDDFFA0FD8EFB62FC0EFB0D" authority="(Gmelin, 1791)" baseAuthorityName="Gmelin" baseAuthorityYear="1791" box="[579,951,1218,1244]" class="Bivalvia" family="Pteriidae" genus="Crenatula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ostreida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="picta">
<emphasis id="C398EAB6FFDDFFA0FD8EFB62FD43FB0D" box="[579,762,1218,1244]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Crenatula picta</emphasis>
(Gmelin, 1791)
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="36EC4D27FFDDFFA0FC39FB62FAC8FB0D" authority="(Leach, 1814))" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Leach" baseAuthorityYear="1814" box="[1012,1393,1218,1244]" class="Bivalvia" family="Pteriidae" genus="Pinctada" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ostreida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="radiata">
<emphasis id="C398EAB6FFDDFFA0FC39FB62FB03FB0D" box="[1012,1210,1218,1244]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Pinctada radiata</emphasis>
(Leach, 1814))
</taxonomicName>
, rocks, artificial substrates such as a barge, tin can, rubber fenders, iron frames and ship hulls). —
<treatmentCitation id="704D10B5FFDDFFA0FF27FAA8FDDCFAF2" box="[234,613,1288,1315]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFDDFFA0FF27FAA8FDDCFAF2" author="Tovar-Hernandez" box="[234,613,1288,1315]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Tovar-Hernandez" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="ref51064" refString="Tovar-Hernandez M. A., Villalobos-Guerrero T. F., Yanez-Rivera B., Aguilar-Camacho J. M. &amp; Ramirez- Santana I. D. 2012. Guia de Invertebrados acuaticos exoticos en Sinaloa. Geomare, A. C., USFWS, INE- SEMARNAT, Mazatlan, Sinaloa, Mexico." type="book" year="2012">
Tovar-Hernández
<emphasis id="C398EAB6FFDDFFA0FE70FAA9FE41FAF3" box="[445,504,1288,1314]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">et al.</emphasis>
2012: 14
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
15 (Gulf of California: Guaymas, Sonora); 2014: 388, 390, fig.
<quantity id="36149B41FFDDFFA0FA94FAA8FACEFAF3" box="[1369,1399,1288,1314]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="2.0" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="g" value="2.0">2g</quantity>
(Gulf of California: Guaymas, Sonora, and La Paz, Baja California Sur). —
<treatmentCitation id="704D10B5FFDDFFA0FBABFA8BFAFCFA94" box="[1126,1349,1323,1350]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFDDFFA0FBABFA8BFAFCFA94" author="Sun" box="[1126,1349,1323,1350]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Sun" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 99" refId="ref50677" refString="Sun Y., Wong E., ten Hove H. A., Hutchings P. A., Williamson J. E. &amp; Kupriyanova E. K. 2015. Revision of the genus Hydroides (Annelida: Serpulidae) from Australia. Zootaxa 4009 (1): 1 - 99. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4009.1.1" type="journal article" year="2015">
Sun
<emphasis id="C398EAB6FFDDFFA0FB57FA8CFB6CFA94" box="[1178,1237,1323,1349]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">et al.</emphasis>
2015: 20
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
21, fig. 5ab (New South Wales, Queensland and Western Australia;
<quantity id="36149B41FFDDFFA0FC10FAEEFBDAFAB8" box="[989,1123,1358,1385]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.15" metricValueMax="11.8" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="m" value="6.15" valueMax="11.8" valueMin="0.5">0.511.8 m</quantity>
; on sand bottom, rocks, cement and wooden pilings, fouling plates and ship hulls). —
<treatmentCitation id="704D10B5FFDDFFA0FC0EFAD2FA8CFA5D" box="[963,1333,1394,1420]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFDDFFA0FC0EFAD2FA8CFA5D" author="Bastida-Zavala" box="[963,1333,1394,1420]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Bastida-Zavala" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="401 - 457" refId="ref42465" refString="Bastida-Zavala J. R., Rodriguez Buelna A. S., de Leon-Gonzalez J. A., Camacho-Cruz K. A. &amp; Carmona I. 2016. New records of sabellids and serpulids (Polychaeta: Sabellidae, Serpulidae) from the Tropical Eastern Pacific. Zootaxa 4184 (3): 401 - 457. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4184.3.1" type="journal article" year="2016">
Bastida-Zavala
<emphasis id="C398EAB6FFDDFFA0FBB1FAD3FB0EFA5D" box="[1148,1207,1394,1420]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">et al.</emphasis>
2016: 418
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
419, figs
<geoCoordinate id="94D85063FFDDFFA0FED2FA35FED7FA7E" box="[287,366,1429,1455]" degrees="4, 11" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" precision="555" value="4.11">4, 11E</geoCoordinate>
(Mexican Pacific: Baja California Sur and Oaxaca; intertidal to
<quantity id="36149B41FFDDFFA0FB4CFA35FB0DFA7E" box="[1153,1204,1429,1455]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</quantity>
; in marinas and harbors, fouling).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B9F6652FFFDDFFA0FF70FA59FB2BF928" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="F15336A4FFDDFFA0FF70FA59FE13F9C2" blockId="28.[189,426,1529,1555]" box="[189,426,1529,1555]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<heading id="AA1B81C8FFDDFFA0FF70FA59FE13F9C2" bold="true" box="[189,426,1529,1555]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" reason="3">
<emphasis id="C398EAB6FFDDFFA0FF70FA59FE13F9C2" bold="true" box="[189,426,1529,1555]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F15336A4FFDDFFA0FF70F988FDA0F9B4" blockId="28.[189,1398,1576,1638]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<specimenCount id="E7EAFD2DFFDDFFA0FF70F988FEC9F993" box="[189,368,1576,1603]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="generic">150 specimens</specimenCount>
: JX (6)
<date id="85521064FFDDFFA0FE03F988FDF4F993" box="[462,589,1576,1602]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="2001-08">Aug. 2001</date>
, IR (78)
<date id="85521064FFDDFFA0FD75F988FC81F992" box="[696,824,1576,1603]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="2005-08">Aug. 2005</date>
, BB (5)
<date id="85521064FFDDFFA0FC51F988FBA4F993" box="[924,1053,1576,1602]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="2004-08">Aug. 2004</date>
, CC (19)
<date id="85521064FFDDFFA0FB5FF988FAB2F993" box="[1170,1291,1576,1602]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="2002-09">Sep. 2002</date>
, SD (41)
<date id="85521064FFDDFFA0FF70F9EBFE85F9B4" box="[189,316,1611,1637]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="2000-08">Aug. 2000</date>
, HI (1)
<date id="85521064FFDDFFA0FE5BF9EBFDACF9B4" box="[406,533,1611,1637]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="2006-08">Aug. 2006</date>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F15336A4FFDDFFA0FF70F92DFE0DF976" blockId="28.[189,436,1677,1703]" box="[189,436,1677,1703]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<heading id="AA1B81C8FFDDFFA0FF70F92DFE0DF976" bold="true" box="[189,436,1677,1703]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" reason="3">
<emphasis id="C398EAB6FFDDFFA0FF70F92DFE0DF976" bold="true" box="[189,436,1677,1703]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Additional material</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F15336A4FFDDFFA0FF70F91CFB2BF928" blockId="28.[189,1399,1723,1785]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
Four specimens:
<collectionCode id="97FDAE61FFDDFFA0FE45F91BFD99F904" box="[392,544,1723,1749]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">UMAR-Poly</collectionCode>
63,
<specimenCount id="E7EAFD2DFFDDFFA0FD9BF91BFD51F904" box="[598,744,1723,1749]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="generic">4 specimens</specimenCount>
(
<collectingRegion id="3328F846FFDDFFA0FD34F91BFCE9F904" box="[761,848,1723,1749]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
inter-island cargo barge, HF-023, hull fouling community roughly two years old; barge only operates in
<collectingRegion id="3328F846FFDDFFA0FCA8F97EFC04F929" box="[869,957,1758,1784]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
, coll. S. Godwin).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B9F6652FFFDDFFA1FF70F880FBE4FE99" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="F15336A4FFDDFFA0FF70F880FE8FF8EB" blockId="28.[189,310,1824,1850]" box="[189,310,1824,1850]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<heading id="AA1B81C8FFDDFFA0FF70F880FE8FF8EB" bold="true" box="[189,310,1824,1850]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" reason="3">
<emphasis id="C398EAB6FFDDFFA0FF70F880FE8FF8EB" bold="true" box="[189,310,1824,1850]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F15336A4FFDDFFA0FF70F8EEFACFF87E" blockId="28.[189,1399,1870,1968]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
Sometimes this species is gregarious. Tube white, with 23 longitudinal ridges, with transverse ridges, with or without peristome rings; but not alveoli. Opercular peduncle smooth, white. Opercular funnel with 2539 radii with pointed tips (
<figureCitation id="69D72A21FFDDFFA0FDBCF835FD6DF87E" box="[625,724,1941,1967]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="25.[189,232,1737,1763]" captionTargetBox="[198,1390,265,1696]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[198,1390,265,1696]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Fig. 4. Serpulids from United States fouling plates. Hydroides bispinosa. A. Operculum, from Biscayne Bay, Florida (SERC-118756). H. cf. brachyacantha. B. Operculum, Pensacola Bay, Florida (SERC- 92415). H. dianthus. C. Operculum, Corpus Christi, Texas (SERC-87878RB). H. dirampha. D. Operculum, Biscayne Bay, Florida (SERC-118709). H. elegans. E. Operculum, San Diego, California (SERC-04075R). H. floridana. F. Operculum, Corpus Christi, Texas (SERC-87968). H. gracilis. G. Operculum, San Diego, California (SERC-34585R). H. longispinosa. H. Operculum, Oahu, Hawaii (SERC-19654). H. parva. I. Operculum, Biscayne Bay, Florida (SERC-118709). H. sanctaecrucis. J. Operculum, Tampa Bay, Florida (SERC-66920R)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3834687" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3834687/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
); verticil with 1117 spines, straight, with tip T-shaped
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F15336A4FFDCFFA1FF70FEABFBE4FE99" blockId="29.[189,1398,267,329]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
and flattened, with one basal internal spinule, without external and lateral spinules or wings (
<figureCitation id="69D72A21FFDCFFA1FAC7FEABFAD3FEF4" box="[1290,1386,267,293]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="25.[189,232,1737,1763]" captionTargetBox="[198,1390,265,1696]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[198,1390,265,1696]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Fig. 4. Serpulids from United States fouling plates. Hydroides bispinosa. A. Operculum, from Biscayne Bay, Florida (SERC-118756). H. cf. brachyacantha. B. Operculum, Pensacola Bay, Florida (SERC- 92415). H. dianthus. C. Operculum, Corpus Christi, Texas (SERC-87878RB). H. dirampha. D. Operculum, Biscayne Bay, Florida (SERC-118709). H. elegans. E. Operculum, San Diego, California (SERC-04075R). H. floridana. F. Operculum, Corpus Christi, Texas (SERC-87968). H. gracilis. G. Operculum, San Diego, California (SERC-34585R). H. longispinosa. H. Operculum, Oahu, Hawaii (SERC-19654). H. parva. I. Operculum, Biscayne Bay, Florida (SERC-118709). H. sanctaecrucis. J. Operculum, Tampa Bay, Florida (SERC-66920R)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3834687" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3834687/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
). Special collar chaetae with two pointed-elongate teeth and smooth distal blade.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B9F6652FFFDCFFA1FF70FED0FBCBFD24" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="F15336A4FFDCFFA1FF70FED0FE0EFE5B" blockId="29.[189,439,368,394]" box="[189,439,368,394]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<heading id="AA1B81C8FFDCFFA1FF70FED0FE0EFE5B" bold="true" box="[189,439,368,394]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" reason="3">
<emphasis id="C398EAB6FFDCFFA1FF70FED0FE0EFE5B" bold="true" box="[189,439,368,394]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Taxonomic remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F15336A4FFDCFFA1FF70FE3EFBCBFD24" blockId="29.[189,1399,414,758]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
While formerly considered to be native to the Caribbean (
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFDCFFA1FC9AFE3EFBB6FE68" author="Zibrowius" box="[855,1039,414,441]" firstAuthor="Zibrowius" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="83 - 107" refId="ref52277" refString="Zibrowius H. 1992. Ongoing modification of the Mediterranean marine fauna and flora by the establishment of exotic species. Mesogee 51: 83 - 107." type="journal article" year="1992">Zibrowius 1992</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFDCFFA1FBD1FE3EFADCFE68" author="Ben-Eliahu &amp; ten Hove" box="[1052,1381,414,441]" firstAuthor="Ben-Eliahu" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 147" refId="ref42760" refString="Ben-Eliahu M. N. &amp; ten Hove H. A. 2011. Serpulidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from the Suez Canal- From a Lessepsian migration perspective. Zootaxa 2848: 1 - 147. http: // www. mapress. com / zootaxa / 2011 / f / zt 02848 p 147. pdf" type="journal article" year="2011">Ben-Eliahu &amp; ten Hove 2011</bibRefCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="36EC4D27FFDCFFA1FF70FE62FE04FE0D" authorityName="Morch" authorityYear="1863" box="[189,445,450,476]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Hydroides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="dirampha">
<emphasis id="C398EAB6FFDCFFA1FF70FE62FE04FE0D" box="[189,445,450,476]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Hydroides dirampha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may actually be native to the tropical eastern Pacific (
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFDCFFA1FB56FE62FADCFE0D" author="Sun" box="[1179,1381,449,476]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Sun" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 99" refId="ref50677" refString="Sun Y., Wong E., ten Hove H. A., Hutchings P. A., Williamson J. E. &amp; Kupriyanova E. K. 2015. Revision of the genus Hydroides (Annelida: Serpulidae) from Australia. Zootaxa 4009 (1): 1 - 99. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4009.1.1" type="journal article" year="2015">
Sun
<emphasis id="C398EAB6FFDCFFA1FB14FE63FAA7FE0D" box="[1241,1310,450,476]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">et al.</emphasis>
2015
</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFDCFFA1FF70FE45FDE0FE2E" author="Bastida-Zavala &amp; ten Hove" box="[189,601,485,511]" firstAuthor="Bastida-Zavala" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="103 - 178" refId="ref42291" refString="Bastida-Zavala J. R. &amp; ten Hove H. A. 2002. Revision of Hydroides Gunnerus, 1768 (Polychaeta: Serpulidae) from the Western Atlantic Region. Beaufortia 52: 103 - 178." type="journal article" year="2002">Bastida-Zavala &amp; ten Hove (2002)</bibRefCitation>
recorded the species from the Caribbean, at both undisturbed and polluted sites, while
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFDCFFA1FE77FDA8FDF4FDF2" author="Rioja" box="[442,589,520,547]" firstAuthor="Rioja" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="125 - 135" refId="ref49107" refString="Rioja E. 1942. Estudios Anelidologicos IV. Observaciones sobre especies de serpulidos de las costas del Pacifico de Mexico, con descripcion de una especie nueva del genero Hydroides. Anales del Instituto de Biologia 13: 125 - 135." type="journal article" year="1942">
<collectingRegion id="3328F846FFDCFFA1FE77FDA8FE43FDF3" box="[442,506,520,546]" country="Spain" name="La Rioja" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Rioja</collectingRegion>
(1942)
</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFDCFFA1FD46FDA8FC2AFDF2" author="Bastida-Zavala" box="[651,915,520,547]" firstAuthor="Bastida-Zavala" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="11 - 39" refId="ref42079" refString="Bastida-Zavala J. R. 1993. Taxonomia y composicion biogeografica de los poliquetos (Annelida: Polychaeta) de la Bahia de La Paz, B. C. S., Mexico. Revista de Investigacion Cientifica 4: 11 - 39." type="journal article" year="1993">Bastida-Zavala (1993)</bibRefCitation>
recorded the species from the Mexican Pacific, only at undisturbed sites, but close to harbors (Mazatlán and
<collectingRegion id="3328F846FFDCFFA1FBD9FD8CFBD2FD97" box="[1044,1131,556,582]" country="Honduras" name="La Paz" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">La Paz</collectingRegion>
, respectively). Recent surveys in the Mexican Pacific (
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFDCFFA1FDF1FDEEFC35FDB8" author="Tovar-Hernandez" box="[572,908,590,617]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Tovar-Hernandez" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="ref51064" refString="Tovar-Hernandez M. A., Villalobos-Guerrero T. F., Yanez-Rivera B., Aguilar-Camacho J. M. &amp; Ramirez- Santana I. D. 2012. Guia de Invertebrados acuaticos exoticos en Sinaloa. Geomare, A. C., USFWS, INE- SEMARNAT, Mazatlan, Sinaloa, Mexico." type="book" year="2012">
Tovar-Hernández
<emphasis id="C398EAB6FFDCFFA1FCDEFDEFFCF7FDB9" box="[787,846,590,616]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">et al.</emphasis>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFDCFFA1FC50FDEFFC6AFDB8" author="Tovar-Hernandez" box="[925,979,591,617]" firstAuthor="Tovar-Hernandez" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="15 - 32" refId="ref51120" refString="Tovar-Hernandez M. A., Yanez-Rivera B., Villalobos-Guerrero T. F., Aguilar-Camacho J. M. &amp; Ramirez- Santana I. D. 2014. Invertebrados marinos exoticos en el Golfo de California. In: Low Pfeng A. M, Quijon P. A. &amp; Peters Recagno E. M. (eds) Especies invasoras acuaticas: Casos de Estudio en Ecosistemas de Mexico: 15 - 32. Secretaria de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales, Instituto Nacional de Ecologia y Cambio Climatico, Mexico DF, Mexico, and University of Prince Edward Island, Charlotteville, Canada." type="book chapter" year="2014">2014</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFDCFFA1FC2EFDEEFAAEFDB9" author="Bastida-Zavala" box="[995,1303,590,616]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Bastida-Zavala" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="401 - 457" refId="ref42465" refString="Bastida-Zavala J. R., Rodriguez Buelna A. S., de Leon-Gonzalez J. A., Camacho-Cruz K. A. &amp; Carmona I. 2016. New records of sabellids and serpulids (Polychaeta: Sabellidae, Serpulidae) from the Tropical Eastern Pacific. Zootaxa 4184 (3): 401 - 457. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4184.3.1" type="journal article" year="2016">
Bastida-Zavala
<emphasis id="C398EAB6FFDCFFA1FB52FDEFFB63FDB9" box="[1183,1242,590,616]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">et al.</emphasis>
2016
</bibRefCitation>
), found
<taxonomicName id="36EC4D27FFDCFFA1FF70FDD3FEEFFD5D" authorityName="Morch" authorityYear="1863" box="[189,342,626,652]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Hydroides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="dirampha">
<emphasis id="C398EAB6FFDCFFA1FF70FDD3FEEFFD5D" box="[189,342,626,652]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">H. dirampha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
frequently in marinas and harbors.
<taxonomicName id="36EC4D27FFDCFFA1FCC5FDD2FBB8FD5D" authorityName="Morch" authorityYear="1863" box="[776,1025,626,652]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Hydroides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="dirampha">
<emphasis id="C398EAB6FFDCFFA1FCC5FDD2FBB8FD5D" box="[776,1025,626,652]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Hydroides dirampha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been in
<collectingRegion id="3328F846FFDCFFA1FB57FDD2FB49FD5D" box="[1178,1264,626,652]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
for at least 120 years (
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFDCFFA1FE8EFD35FE6AFD61" author="Ehlers" box="[323,467,661,688]" firstAuthor="Ehlers" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 80" refId="ref44682" refString="Ehlers E. 1905. Neuseelandische Anneliden. Abhandlungen der Koniglichen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Gottingen, Mathematisch-Physikalische Klasse, Neue Folge 3 (1): 1 - 80." type="journal article" year="1905">Ehlers 1905</bibRefCitation>
), and in southern
<collectingRegion id="3328F846FFDCFFA1FD7CFD35FC95FD7E" box="[689,812,661,687]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">California</collectingRegion>
for 100 years (
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFDCFFA1FC29FD35FB21FD7E" author="Treadwell" box="[996,1176,661,687]" firstAuthor="Treadwell" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="175 - 234" refId="ref51286" refString="Treadwell A. L. 1914. Polychaetous annelids of the Pacific coast in the collections of the Zoological Museum of the University of California. University of California Publications in Zoology 13 (8): 175 - 234." type="journal article" year="1914">Treadwell 1914</bibRefCitation>
). Thus, molecular analyses of the different world-wide populations are needed to solve the problem of the origin of this species. In this work,
<taxonomicName id="36EC4D27FFDCFFA1FE0EFD7BFD05FD24" authorityName="Morch" authorityYear="1863" box="[451,700,731,757]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Hydroides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="dirampha">
<emphasis id="C398EAB6FFDCFFA1FE0EFD7BFD05FD24" box="[451,700,731,757]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Hydroides dirampha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is considered a cryptogenic species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B9F6652FFFDCFFA1FF70FCBDFD9CFBAE" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="F15336A4FFDCFFA1FF70FCBDFE99FCE6" blockId="29.[189,288,797,823]" box="[189,288,797,823]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<heading id="AA1B81C8FFDCFFA1FF70FCBDFE99FCE6" bold="true" box="[189,288,797,823]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" reason="3">
<emphasis id="C398EAB6FFDCFFA1FF70FCBDFE99FCE6" bold="true" box="[189,288,797,823]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Ecology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F15336A4FFDCFFA1FF70FCEBFD9CFBAE" blockId="29.[189,1399,843,1151]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
Intertidal to sublittoral (
<quantity id="36149B41FFDCFFA1FE2CFCEBFD9CFCB7" box="[481,549,843,870]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="m" value="36.0">36 m</quantity>
). In subtropical and tropical marine and brackish waters; salinities of 3137‰ (
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFDCFFA1FEF7FCCEFD6AFC58" author="Bastida-Zavala &amp; ten Hove" box="[314,723,878,905]" firstAuthor="Bastida-Zavala" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="103 - 178" refId="ref42291" refString="Bastida-Zavala J. R. &amp; ten Hove H. A. 2002. Revision of Hydroides Gunnerus, 1768 (Polychaeta: Serpulidae) from the Western Atlantic Region. Beaufortia 52: 103 - 178." type="journal article" year="2002">Bastida-Zavala &amp; ten Hove 2002</bibRefCitation>
); on reef flats, epifauna of mobile substrata (mollusks and crustaceans), boat harbors and lagoons and reef slope (
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFDCFFA1FCB0FC32FBE7FC7D" author="Bailey-Brock" box="[893,1118,914,940]" firstAuthor="Bailey-Brock" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="69 - 81" refId="ref41829" refString="Bailey-Brock J. H. 1976. Habitats of tubicolous polychaetes from the Hawaiian Islands and Johnston Atoll. Pacific Science 30 (1): 69 - 81. http: // scholarspace. manoa. hawaii. edu / bitstream / handle / 10125 / 1532 / v 30 n 1 - 69 - 81. pdf" type="journal article" year="1976">Bailey-Brock 1976</bibRefCitation>
); also on the gastropod
<taxonomicName id="36EC4D27FFDCFFA1FF70FC15FE60FC1E" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1767" box="[189,473,949,975]" class="Gastropoda" family="Muricidae" genus="Stramonita" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="haemastoma">
<emphasis id="C398EAB6FFDCFFA1FF70FC15FE60FC1E" box="[189,473,949,975]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Stramonita haemastoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, algae
<taxonomicName id="36EC4D27FFDCFFA1FDE4FC16FD35FC1E" box="[553,652,950,975]" class="Aves" family="Rhodomelaceae" genus="Digenea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ceramiales" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C398EAB6FFDCFFA1FDE4FC16FD35FC1E" box="[553,652,950,975]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Digenea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, sponges, the bivalves
<taxonomicName id="36EC4D27FFDCFFA1FC59FC15FB14FC1E" baseAuthorityName="P. Fischer" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[916,1197,949,975]" class="Bivalvia" family="Mytilidae" genus="Brachidontes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mytiloida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pharaonis">
<emphasis id="C398EAB6FFDCFFA1FC59FC15FB14FC1E" box="[916,1197,949,975]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Brachidontes pharaonis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="36EC4D27FFDCFFA1FB74FC15FAD6FC1E" baseAuthorityName="Gmelin" baseAuthorityYear="1791" box="[1209,1391,949,975]" class="Bivalvia" family="Pteriidae" genus="Crenatula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ostreida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="picta">
<emphasis id="C398EAB6FFDCFFA1FB74FC15FAD6FC1E" box="[1209,1391,949,975]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Crenatula picta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="36EC4D27FFDCFFA1FF20FC78FE0AFC23" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Leach" baseAuthorityYear="1814" box="[237,435,984,1010]" class="Bivalvia" family="Pteriidae" genus="Pinctada" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ostreida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="radiata">
<emphasis id="C398EAB6FFDCFFA1FF20FC78FE0AFC23" box="[237,435,984,1010]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Pinctada radiata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the scleractinian corals
<emphasis id="C398EAB6FFDCFFA1FD1FFC78FC73FC23" box="[722,970,984,1010]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Cladocora arbuscula</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="36EC4D27FFDCFFA1FBCCFC79FBCCFC22" box="[1025,1141,985,1011]" class="Anthozoa" family="Rhizangiidae" genus="Astrangia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C398EAB6FFDCFFA1FBCCFC79FBCCFC22" box="[1025,1141,985,1011]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Astrangia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. (
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFDCFFA1FB61FC78FADFFC23" author="Zibrowius" box="[1196,1382,984,1010]" firstAuthor="Zibrowius" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="691 - 746" refId="ref52136" refString="Zibrowius H. 1971. Les especes Mediterraneennes du genre Hydroides (Polychaeta Serpulidae): remarques sur le pretendu polymorphisme de Hydroides uncinata. Tethys 2: 691 - 746." type="journal article" year="1971">Zibrowius 1971</bibRefCitation>
), rocks,
<taxonomicName id="36EC4D27FFDCFFA1FEDDFC5BFE20FBC4" box="[272,409,1019,1045]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhizophoraceae" genus="Rhizophora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C398EAB6FFDCFFA1FEDDFC5BFE20FBC4" box="[272,409,1019,1045]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Rhizophora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and artificial substrates such as boat hulls, barges and ships, ropes, wood dock pilings, buoys, PVC plates, tin cans, rubber fenders and iron frames (
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFDCFFA1FC20FBBEFB1EFBE8" author="Claparede" box="[1005,1191,1054,1081]" firstAuthor="Claparede" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 225" refId="ref43705" refString="Claparede E. 1870. Les annelides chetopodes du Golfe de Naples. Supplement. Memoires de la Societe de Physique et d'Histoire Naturelle de Geneve 20 (1): 1 - 225." type="journal article" year="1870">Claparède 1870</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFDCFFA1FB7BFBBEFAD6FBE8" author="Treadwell" box="[1206,1391,1054,1081]" firstAuthor="Treadwell" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="175 - 234" refId="ref51286" refString="Treadwell A. L. 1914. Polychaetous annelids of the Pacific coast in the collections of the Zoological Museum of the University of California. University of California Publications in Zoology 13 (8): 175 - 234." type="journal article" year="1914">Treadwell 1914</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFDCFFA1FF70FBE2FE84FB8D" author="Long" box="[189,317,1090,1116]" firstAuthor="Long" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="23 - 36" refId="ref47466" refString="Long E. R. 1974. Marine fouling studies off Oahu, Hawaii. The Veliger 17 (1): 23 - 36." type="journal article" year="1974">Long 1974</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFDCFFA1FE80FBE2FE48FB8D" author="Imajima" box="[333,497,1090,1116]" firstAuthor="Imajima" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="159 - 183" refId="ref46379" refString="Imajima M. 1979. Serpulidae (Annelida, Polychaeta) collected around Cape Shionomisaki, Kii Peninsula. Memoirs of the National Science Museum 12: 159 - 183." type="journal article" year="1979">Imajima 1979</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFDCFFA1FDCDFBE2FC63FB8D" author="Bastida-Zavala &amp; Salazar-Vallejo" box="[512,986,1090,1116]" firstAuthor="Bastida-Zavala" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="841 - 858" refId="ref42427" refString="Bastida-Zavala J. R. &amp; Salazar-Vallejo S. I. 2000 b. Serpulidos (Polychaeta: Serpulidae) del Caribe noroccidental: Hydroides y Serpula. Revista de Biologia Tropical 48: 841 - 858." type="journal article" year="2000" yearSuffix="b">Bastida-Zavala &amp; Salazar-Vallejo 2000b</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFDCFFA1FC27FBE2FAD6FB8D" author="Bastida-Zavala &amp; ten Hove" box="[1002,1391,1090,1116]" firstAuthor="Bastida-Zavala" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="103 - 178" refId="ref42291" refString="Bastida-Zavala J. R. &amp; ten Hove H. A. 2002. Revision of Hydroides Gunnerus, 1768 (Polychaeta: Serpulidae) from the Western Atlantic Region. Beaufortia 52: 103 - 178." type="journal article" year="2002">Bastida-Zavala &amp; ten Hove 2002</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFDCFFA1FF70FBC5FDADFBAE" author="Ben-Eliahu &amp; ten Hove" box="[189,532,1125,1151]" firstAuthor="Ben-Eliahu" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 147" refId="ref42760" refString="Ben-Eliahu M. N. &amp; ten Hove H. A. 2011. Serpulidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from the Suez Canal- From a Lessepsian migration perspective. Zootaxa 2848: 1 - 147. http: // www. mapress. com / zootaxa / 2011 / f / zt 02848 p 147. pdf" type="journal article" year="2011">Ben-Eliahu &amp; ten Hove 2011</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B9F6652FFFDCFFA1FF70FB06FADCF9D8" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="F15336A4FFDCFFA1FF70FB06FEEFFB11" blockId="29.[189,342,1190,1216]" box="[189,342,1190,1216]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<heading id="AA1B81C8FFDCFFA1FF70FB06FEEFFB11" bold="true" box="[189,342,1190,1216]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" reason="3">
<emphasis id="C398EAB6FFDCFFA1FF70FB06FEEFFB11" bold="true" box="[189,342,1190,1216]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Distribution</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F15336A4FFDCFFA1FF70FB75FADCF9D8" blockId="29.[189,1399,1237,1545]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
Circum(sub)tropical. Caribbean Sea,
<collectingCountry id="89FB7634FFDCFFA1FDB1FB75FD52FB3E" box="[636,747,1237,1263]" name="Bermuda" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
, Gulf of
<collectingCountry id="89FB7634FFDCFFA1FC90FB75FC03FB3E" box="[861,954,1237,1263]" name="Mexico" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Mexico</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="89FB7634FFDCFFA1FC05FB75FBAAFB3E" box="[968,1043,1237,1263]" name="Brazil" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, Hawaii, southern California, Mexican Pacific,
<collectingCountry id="89FB7634FFDCFFA1FE53FB59FE47FAC2" box="[414,510,1273,1299]" name="Panama" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Panama</collectingCountry>
, Mediterranean, Suez Canal,
<collectingCountry id="89FB7634FFDCFFA1FC4DFB58FB9AFAC3" box="[896,1059,1272,1298]" name="South Africa" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">South Africa</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="89FB7634FFDCFFA1FBF4FB58FBC1FAC3" box="[1081,1144,1272,1298]" name="India" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">India</collectingCountry>
, Java,
<collectingCountry id="89FB7634FFDCFFA1FB16FB59FACBFAC2" box="[1243,1394,1273,1299]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="89FB7634FFDCFFA1FF70FABBFEFDFAE4" box="[189,324,1307,1333]" name="Philippines" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Philippines</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="89FB7634FFDCFFA1FE81FABBFE02FAE4" box="[332,443,1307,1333]" name="Australia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Australia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="89FB7634FFDCFFA1FE09FABCFDDBFAE4" box="[452,610,1307,1334]" name="New Zealand" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
, southern
<collectingCountry id="89FB7634FFDCFFA1FD18FABCFCA1FAE7" box="[725,792,1308,1334]" name="Japan" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Japan</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="89FB7634FFDCFFA1FC80FABBFBB4FAE4" box="[845,1037,1307,1333]" name="Marshall Islands" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Marshall Islands</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFDCFFA1FBD1FABBFB12FAE4" author="Morch" box="[1052,1195,1307,1333]" firstAuthor="Morch" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="347 - 470" refId="ref47696" refString="Morch O. A. L. 1863. Revisio critica Serpulidarum. Et bidrag til rorormenes naturhistorie. Naturhistorisk Tidsskrift, Series 3, 1: 347 - 470." type="journal article" year="1863">Mörch 1863</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFDCFFA1FB75FABBFAD6FAE4" author="Claparede" box="[1208,1391,1307,1333]" firstAuthor="Claparede" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 225" refId="ref43705" refString="Claparede E. 1870. Les annelides chetopodes du Golfe de Naples. Supplement. Memoires de la Societe de Physique et d'Histoire Naturelle de Geneve 20 (1): 1 - 225." type="journal article" year="1870">Claparède 1870</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFDCFFA1FF70FA9EFEC8FA88" author="Treadwell" box="[189,369,1342,1369]" firstAuthor="Treadwell" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="175 - 234" refId="ref51286" refString="Treadwell A. L. 1914. Polychaetous annelids of the Pacific coast in the collections of the Zoological Museum of the University of California. University of California Publications in Zoology 13 (8): 175 - 234." type="journal article" year="1914">Treadwell1914</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFDCFFA1FEB1FA9EFDB3FA88" author="Fauvel" box="[380,522,1342,1369]" firstAuthor="Fauvel" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 262" refId="ref44804" refString="Fauvel P. 1932. Annelida Polychaeta of the Indian Museum, Calcutta. Memoirs of the Indian Museum 12: 1 - 262. http: // faunaofindia. nic. in / PDFVolumes / memoirs / 012 / 01 / 0001 - 0262. pdf" type="journal article" year="1932">Fauvel1932</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFDCFFA1FDD8FA9FFD3DFA89" author="Day" box="[533,644,1342,1369]" firstAuthor="Day" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="ref43912" refString="Day J. H. 1967. A Monograph on the Polychaeta of South Africa. Part 2: Sedentaria. British Museum (Natural History), London." type="book" year="1967">Day1967</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFDCFFA1FD42FA9EFCFFFA88" author="Zibrowius" box="[655,838,1342,1369]" firstAuthor="Zibrowius" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="691 - 746" refId="ref52136" refString="Zibrowius H. 1971. Les especes Mediterraneennes du genre Hydroides (Polychaeta Serpulidae): remarques sur le pretendu polymorphisme de Hydroides uncinata. Tethys 2: 691 - 746." type="journal article" year="1971">Zibrowius1971</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFDCFFA1FC9CFA9EFC48FA88" author="Imajima" box="[849,1009,1342,1369]" firstAuthor="Imajima" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="49 - 72" refId="ref46347" refString="Imajima M. 1978. Serpulidae (Annelida, Polychaeta) collected around Nii-jima and O-shima, Izu Islands. Memoirs of the National Science Museum 11: 49 - 72." type="journal article" year="1978">Imajima1978</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFDCFFA1FC31FA9EFAD6FA88" author="Bastida-Zavala &amp; ten Hove" box="[1020,1391,1342,1369]" firstAuthor="Bastida-Zavala" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="103 - 178" refId="ref42291" refString="Bastida-Zavala J. R. &amp; ten Hove H. A. 2002. Revision of Hydroides Gunnerus, 1768 (Polychaeta: Serpulidae) from the Western Atlantic Region. Beaufortia 52: 103 - 178." type="journal article" year="2002">Bastida-Zavala&amp;ten Hove2002</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFDCFFA1FF70FAC2FF42FAAD" author="Bastida-Zavala &amp; ten Hove" box="[189,251,1378,1404]" firstAuthor="Bastida-Zavala" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="67 - 110" refId="ref42329" refString="Bastida-Zavala J. R. &amp; ten Hove H. A. 2003. Revision of Hydroides Gunnerus, 1768 (Polychaeta: Serpulidae) from the Eastern Pacific Region and Hawaii. Beaufortia 53: 67 - 110." type="journal article" year="2003">2003</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFDCFFA1FEC0FAC2FE2FFAAD" author="Cinar" box="[269,406,1378,1404]" firstAuthor="Cinar" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="223 - 240" refId="ref43602" refString="Cinar M. E. 2006. Serpulid species (Polychaeta: Serpulidae) from the Levantine coast of Turkey (eastern Mediterranean), with special emphasis on alien species. Aquatic Invasions 1 (4): 223 - 240. https: // doi. org / 10.3391 / ai. 2006.1.4.6" type="journal article" year="2006">Çinar 2006</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFDCFFA1FE66FAC2FD1DFAAD" author="Bastida-Zavala" box="[427,676,1378,1404]" firstAuthor="Bastida-Zavala" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 61" refId="ref42167" refString="Bastida-Zavala J. R. 2008. Serpulids (Annelida: Polychaeta) from the eastern Pacific, including a brief mention of Hawaiian serpulids. Zootaxa 1722: 1 - 61." type="journal article" year="2008">Bastida-Zavala 2008</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFDCFFA1FD74FAC2FB9EFAAD" author="Ben-Eliahu &amp; ten Hove" box="[697,1063,1378,1404]" firstAuthor="Ben-Eliahu" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 147" refId="ref42760" refString="Ben-Eliahu M. N. &amp; ten Hove H. A. 2011. Serpulidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from the Suez Canal- From a Lessepsian migration perspective. Zootaxa 2848: 1 - 147. http: // www. mapress. com / zootaxa / 2011 / f / zt 02848 p 147. pdf" type="journal article" year="2011">Ben-Eliahu &amp; ten Hove 2011</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFDCFFA1FBF6FAC2FAD6FAAD" author="Bailey-Brock" box="[1083,1391,1378,1404]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Bailey-Brock" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="967 - 988" refId="ref41944" refString="Bailey-Brock J. H., Magalhaes W. F. &amp; Brock R. C. 2012. Coral reef inhabiting tubeworms (Polychaeta: Serpulidae) from Enewetak, Kwajalein, Rongelap and Utirik Atolls, Marshall Islands. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 92 (5): 967 - 988. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315411001950" type="journal article" year="2012">
Bailey-Brock
<emphasis id="C398EAB6FFDCFFA1FB2BFAC3FA9EFAAD" box="[1254,1319,1378,1404]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">et al.</emphasis>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFDCFFA1FF70FA25FED6FA4E" author="Sun" box="[189,367,1413,1439]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Sun" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 42" refId="ref50646" refString="Sun Y., ten Hove H. A. &amp; Qiu J. W. 2012. Serpulid polychaetes from Hong Kong. Zootaxa 3424: 1 - 42." type="journal article" year="2012">
Sun
<emphasis id="C398EAB6FFDCFFA1FF3FFA26FE94FA4E" box="[242,301,1413,1439]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">et al.</emphasis>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFDCFFA1FEB0FA25FE04FA71" author="Sun Y. &amp; Wong E. &amp; ten Hove H. A. &amp; Hutchings P. A. &amp; Williamson J. E. &amp; Kupriyanova E. K." box="[381,445,1413,1440]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 99" refId="ref50677" refString="Sun Y., Wong E., ten Hove H. A., Hutchings P. A., Williamson J. E. &amp; Kupriyanova E. K. 2015. Revision of the genus Hydroides (Annelida: Serpulidae) from Australia. Zootaxa 4009 (1): 1 - 99. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4009.1.1" type="journal article" year="2015">2015</bibRefCitation>
). In this work,
<taxonomicName id="36EC4D27FFDCFFA1FDA0FA25FCE6FA4E" authorityName="Morch" authorityYear="1863" box="[621,863,1413,1439]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Hydroides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="dirampha">
<emphasis id="C398EAB6FFDCFFA1FDA0FA25FCE6FA4E" box="[621,863,1413,1439]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Hydroides dirampha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was found abundantly on fouling plates from the Indian River, Florida, and San Diego, California; and occasionally from Jacksonville and Biscayne Bay, Florida, Corpus Christi, Texas, and Oahu, Hawaii (
<figureCitation id="69D72A21FFDCFFA1FC88FA6BFC32FA37" box="[837,907,1483,1510]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="31.[189,232,1965,1991]" captionTargetBox="[220,1367,1192,1921]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[215,1372,1189,1925]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Fig. 5. Distribution of serpulids (Hydroides spp.) from United States fouling plates (closed symbols) and literature records (open symbols)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3834689" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3834689/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
). This species extends its northward range from
<collectingRegion id="3328F846FFDCFFA1FF30FA4FFED1F9D8" box="[253,360,1519,1545]" country="Mexico" name="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Veracruz</collectingRegion>
, eastern
<collectingCountry id="89FB7634FFDCFFA1FE03FA4EFD91F9D9" box="[462,552,1518,1544]" name="Mexico" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Mexico</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFDCFFA1FDF4FA4EFC04F9D8" author="Bastida-Zavala &amp; ten Hove" box="[569,957,1518,1545]" firstAuthor="Bastida-Zavala" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="103 - 178" refId="ref42291" refString="Bastida-Zavala J. R. &amp; ten Hove H. A. 2002. Revision of Hydroides Gunnerus, 1768 (Polychaeta: Serpulidae) from the Western Atlantic Region. Beaufortia 52: 103 - 178." type="journal article" year="2002">Bastida-Zavala &amp; ten Hove 2002</bibRefCitation>
) to Corpus Christi, Texas (
<quantity id="36149B41FFDCFFA1FB34FA4FFAE1F9D8" box="[1273,1368,1518,1545]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.4" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="km" value="940.0">940 km</quantity>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>