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<document id="2BBEF599F2D930306C8650D5B99D07AC" ID-CLB-Dataset="22022" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2017.344" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0e3a88b1-bb05-4a78-b1a5-d99c8995df45" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3834679" ID-ZooBank="27AA4538-407D-470A-8141-365124193D85" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1589909072435" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Bastida-Zavala, J. Rolando, McCANN, Linda D., Keppel, Erica &amp; Ruiz, Gregory M." docDate="2017" docId="794587B2FFCDFFB1FD86FA4DFCD1F83A" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-2017-344.pdf.imf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 344" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Crucigera websteri Benedict 1887" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="14" masterDocId="857CFFCAFFC1FFBCFFCDFFA0FFB9FFD1" masterDocTitle="The fouling serpulids (Polychaeta: Serpulidae) from United States coastal waters: an overview" masterLastPageNumber="76" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="13" updateTime="1698840373421" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-3.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-3.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="920FD4CFE0621669DD960B99A6EBBAE1">The fouling serpulids (Polychaeta: Serpulidae) from United States coastal waters: an overview</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2E62EBA3ED1E6B61039AD90548E214B1">Bastida-Zavala, J. Rolando</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A512FC2DA4FC080F5FC15EC29B99DBC2">McCANN, Linda D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B708A1CFC7349F80AE2A5DA36EFA9D2A">Keppel, Erica</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="ED4F060806DDB048DDD2D1CC9E1C04EC">Ruiz, Gregory M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="49A30732D787FE14FFBF839ACB7B1EA8">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="9CEB5272C630EF4F5415C6CE8508C890">2017</mods:date>
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<treatment id="794587B2FFCDFFB1FD86FA4DFCD1F83A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3851373" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164184954" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3851373" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:794587B2FFCDFFB1FD86FA4DFCD1F83A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/794587B2FFCDFFB1FD86FA4DFCD1F83A" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<subSubSection id="B9F6652FFFCDFFB0FD86FA4DFC50F9D9" box="[587,1001,1517,1544]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="F15336A4FFCDFFB0FD86FA4DFC50F9D9" blockId="12.[587,1001,1517,1579]" box="[587,1001,1517,1544]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<heading id="AA1B81C8FFCDFFB0FD86FA4DFC50F9D9" box="[587,1001,1517,1544]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="36EC4D27FFCDFFB0FD86FA4DFC50F9D9" ID-CoL="ZRT7" authority="Benedict, 1887" authorityName="Benedict" authorityYear="1887" box="[587,1001,1517,1544]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Crucigera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="websteri">
<emphasis id="C398EAB6FFCDFFB0FD86FA4DFC96F9D9" bold="true" box="[587,815,1517,1544]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Crucigera websteri</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFCDFFB0FCFAFA4DFC50F9D9" author="Benedict" box="[823,1001,1517,1544]" firstAuthor="Benedict" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="547 - 553" refId="ref42537" refString="Benedict J. E. 1887. Descriptions of ten species and one new genus of the annelids from the dredgings of the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer Albatross. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 9: 547 - 553. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.9 - 594.547" type="journal article" year="1887">Benedict, 1887</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B9F6652FFFCDFFB0FD06F9B1FCD0F9FA" box="[715,873,1553,1579]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="description">
<paragraph id="F15336A4FFCDFFB0FD06F9B1FCD0F9FA" blockId="12.[587,1001,1517,1579]" box="[715,873,1553,1579]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<figureCitation id="69D72A21FFCDFFB0FD06F9B1FCAAF9FA" box="[715,787,1553,1579]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[189,232,1635,1661]" captionTargetBox="[240,1347,265,1594]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[240,1347,265,1594]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 2. Serpulids from United States fouling plates. Crucigera websteri. A. Operculum, juvenile from Humboldt Bay, California. B. Operculum, adult from San Pedro, California (LACMNH-N8819). – C. zygophora. C. Operculum, juvenile from Alaska (SERC). D. Operculum, adult from Canoe Bay, Alaska (LACMNH-N2128). – Ficopomatus enigmaticus. E. Tubes from Lake Merritt, California (LACMNH-N5141). F. Body, from Chesapeake Bay, Virginia (SERC-59327). G. Operculum, from Chesapeake Bay, Virginia (SERC-60530R). H. Colonies in Long Beach, California (photo by Bruno Pernet).– F. miamiensis. I. Tubes, from Chetumal Bay, Mexican Caribbean (ECOSUR). J–K. Operculum, from Galveston Bay, Texas (SERC-88344RF). – F. uschakovi. L. Tube, from Corpus Christi, Texas (SERC-88883). M. Thorax and operculum, from Galveston Bay, Texas (SERC-86995). N. Operculum, from La Encrucijada, Chiapas (UMAR-Poly 113). O. Thorax and operculum, from Corpus Christi, Texas (SERC-88883)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3834683" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3834683/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figs 2</figureCitation>
A–B, 3
</paragraph>
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<treatmentCitation id="704D10B5FFCDFFB0FF70F9F3FD60F9BC" author="Benedict J. E." box="[189,729,1618,1645]" page="551" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" year="1887">
<taxonomicName id="36EC4D27FFCDFFB0FF70F9F3FD60F9BC" ID-CoL="ZRT7" authority="Benedict, 1887: 550 - 551" authorityName="Benedict" authorityPageNumber="550 - 551" authorityYear="1887" box="[189,729,1618,1645]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Crucigera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="websteri">
<emphasis id="C398EAB6FFCDFFB0FF70F9F3FE1BF9BD" box="[189,418,1618,1645]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Crucigera websteri</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFCDFFB0FE66F9F2FD60F9BC" author="Benedict" box="[427,729,1618,1645]" firstAuthor="Benedict" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="547 - 553" refId="ref42537" refString="Benedict J. E. 1887. Descriptions of ten species and one new genus of the annelids from the dredgings of the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer Albatross. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 9: 547 - 553. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.9 - 594.547" type="journal article" year="1887">Benedict, 1887: 550–551</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 21, figs 24–25, pl. 22, figs 26–30 (
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locality: off Florida,
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,
<geoCoordinate id="94D85063FFCDFFB0FE37F9D5FD37F941" box="[506,654,1653,1680]" degrees="29" direction="north" minutes="16" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="15" seconds="30" value="29.275">29°16'30&quot; N</geoCoordinate>
, 85°32&quot; W;
<quantity id="36149B41FFCDFFB0FCD0F9D5FCCAF941" box="[797,883,1653,1680]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.35" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="m" value="43.5">43.5 m</quantity>
).
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</paragraph>
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="D1FC118AFFCDFFB0FF70F917FE8FF924" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="36EC4D27FFCDFFB0FF70F917FDA7F900" ID-CoL="4WWFN" authorityName="Benedict" authorityYear="1887" box="[189,542,1719,1745]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Serpula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="websteri" subGenus="Crucigera">
<emphasis id="C398EAB6FFCDFFB0FF70F917FDA7F900" box="[189,542,1719,1745]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Serpula (Crucigera) websteri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
–
<treatmentCitation id="704D10B5FFCDFFB0FD88F917FCCBF900" author="Monro C. C. A." box="[581,882,1719,1745]" page="1079" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" year="1933">
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFCDFFB0FD88F917FCCBF900" author="Monro" box="[581,882,1719,1745]" firstAuthor="Monro" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1039 - 1092" refId="ref47528" refString="Monro C. C. A. 1933. The Polychaeta Sedentaria collected by Dr. C. Crossland at Colon, in the Panama region, and the Galapagos Islands during the expedition of the S. Y. &quot; St. George &quot;. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1933: 1039 - 1092. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1933. tb 01640. x" type="journal article" year="1933">
Monro 1933:
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(Taboga Island,
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;
<quantity id="36149B41FFCDFFB0FB79F917FABFF900" box="[1204,1286,1719,1745]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="m" value="3.0" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.0">2–4 m</quantity>
; on dead coral).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F15336A4FFCDFFB1FF70F95EFACEFE31" blockId="12.[189,1399,1719,2027]" lastBlockId="13.[234,1399,267,480]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="D1FC118AFFCDFFB1FF70F95EFACEFE31" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="36EC4D27FFCDFFB0FF70F95EFE1BF8C6" ID-CoL="ZRT7" authorityName="Benedict" authorityYear="1887" box="[189,418,1789,1816]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Crucigera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="websteri">
<emphasis id="C398EAB6FFCDFFB0FF70F95EFE1BF8C6" box="[189,418,1789,1816]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Crucigera websteri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
–
<treatmentCitation id="704D10B5FFCDFFB0FE04F95DFCFCF8C9" box="[457,837,1789,1816]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFCDFFB0FE04F95DFCFCF8C9" author="Berkeley &amp; Berkeley" box="[457,837,1789,1816]" firstAuthor="Berkeley" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="16 - 60" refId="ref42873" refString="Berkeley E. &amp; Berkeley C. 1941. On a collection of Polychaeta from Southern California. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences 40 (1): 16 - 60." type="journal article" year="1941">Berkeley &amp; Berkeley 1941: 57</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(Newport Bay, southern California; on “boat bottom”). —
<treatmentCitation id="704D10B5FFCDFFB0FE40F880FD34F8EA" box="[397,653,1824,1851]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFCDFFB0FE40F880FD34F8EA" author="Rioja" box="[397,653,1824,1851]" firstAuthor="Rioja" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="289 - 316" refId="ref49359" refString="Rioja E. 1961. Estudios Anelidologicos XXIV: Adiciones a la fauna de anelidos poliquetos de las costas orientales de Mexico. Anales del Instituto de Biologia 31: 289 - 316." type="journal article" year="1961">Rioja 1961: 311–313</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, figs 35–39 (Verde Island,
<collectingRegion id="3328F846FFCDFFB0FC18F881FBF9F8EA" box="[981,1088,1825,1851]" country="Mexico" name="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Veracruz</collectingRegion>
, eastern
<collectingCountry id="89FB7634FFCDFFB0FB61F880FAB0F8EB" box="[1196,1289,1824,1850]" name="Mexico" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Mexico</collectingCountry>
;
<quantity id="36149B41FFCDFFB0FAD5F881FAF3F8EA" box="[1304,1354,1825,1851]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="m" value="9.0">9 m</quantity>
, on rocks, corals and mollusk shells). —
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFCDFFB0FD62F8E4FC6FF88E" author="Hartman O." box="[687,982,1860,1887]" firstAuthor="Hartman" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref45385" refString="Hartman O. 1969. Atlas of the Sedentariate Polychaetous Annelids from California. Allan Hancock Foundation, Los Angeles." type="book" year="1969">
<treatmentCitation id="704D10B5FFCDFFB0FD62F8E4FC21F88E" box="[687,920,1860,1887]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Hartman 1969: 751</treatmentCitation>
–752
</bibRefCitation>
, figs 1–4 (southern California; the figures are from
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFCDFFB0FE60F8C7FDE1F850" author="Benedict" box="[429,600,1895,1921]" firstAuthor="Benedict" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="547 - 553" refId="ref42537" refString="Benedict J. E. 1887. Descriptions of ten species and one new genus of the annelids from the dredgings of the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer Albatross. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 9: 547 - 553. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.9 - 594.547" type="journal article" year="1887">Benedict 1887</bibRefCitation>
). —
<treatmentCitation id="704D10B5FFCDFFB0FD58F8C8FC07F850" box="[661,958,1895,1922]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFCDFFB0FD58F8C8FC07F850" author="Nonato &amp; Luna" box="[661,958,1895,1922]" firstAuthor="Nonato" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="57 - 130" refId="ref48094" refString="Nonato E. F. &amp; Luna J. A. C. 1970. Anelideos poliquetas do Nordeste do Brasil. I - Poliquetas bentonicos da costa de Alagoas e Sergipe. Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico 19: 57 - 130. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0373 - 55241970000100004" type="journal article" year="1970">Nonato &amp; Luna 1970: 99</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, figs 102–105 (
<collectingRegion id="3328F846FFCDFFB0FBBFF8C7FB6DF850" box="[1138,1236,1895,1921]" country="Brazil" name="Alagoas" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Alagoas</collectingRegion>
coast,
<collectingCountry id="89FB7634FFCDFFB0FAEAF8C7FACBF850" box="[1319,1394,1895,1921]" name="Brazil" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Brazil</collectingCountry>
;
<quantity id="36149B41FFCDFFB0FF27F82AFED9F874" box="[234,352,1930,1957]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.55" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="m" value="75.5" valueMax="100.0" valueMin="51.0">51–100 m</quantity>
, on sand and mud). —
<treatmentCitation id="704D10B5FFCDFFB0FDACF82BFC03F874" box="[609,954,1930,1957]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFCDFFB0FDACF82BFC03F874" author="ten Hove &amp; Wolf" box="[609,954,1930,1957]" firstAuthor="ten Hove" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="35 - 66" refId="ref46443" refString="Imajima M. &amp; ten Hove H. A. 1984. Serpulinae (Annelida, Polychaeta) from the Truk Islands, Ponape and Majuro Atoll, with some other new Indo-Pacific records. Proceedings of the Japanese Society of Systematic Zoology 27: 35 - 66." type="journal article" year="1984">ten Hove &amp; Wolf 1984: 55–15</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, figs 55-9, 55-10a–m (western Florida;
<quantity id="36149B41FFCDFFB0FF27F80EFE91F819" box="[234,296,1966,1992]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="m" value="43.0">43 m</quantity>
, coarse sand). —
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFCDFFB0FE34F80EFC50F819" author="Imajima M. &amp; ten Hove H. A." box="[505,1001,1965,1992]" firstAuthor="ten Hove" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="35 - 66" refId="ref46443" refString="Imajima M. &amp; ten Hove H. A. 1984. Serpulinae (Annelida, Polychaeta) from the Truk Islands, Ponape and Majuro Atoll, with some other new Indo-Pacific records. Proceedings of the Japanese Society of Systematic Zoology 27: 35 - 66." type="journal article" year="1984">
<treatmentCitation id="704D10B5FFCDFFB0FE34F80EFC15F819" box="[505,940,1965,1992]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">ten Hove &amp; Jansen-Jacobs 1984: 155</treatmentCitation>
–160
</bibRefCitation>
, figs 3a, 4j–l, 5a, 6a–e, 7a–k, 10e, 12 (revision of the genus; Florida,
<collectingCountry id="89FB7634FFCDFFB0FD5DF871FD4FF83A" box="[656,758,2001,2027]" name="Suriname" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Surinam</collectingCountry>
, Pacific of
<collectingCountry id="89FB7634FFCDFFB0FC4DF871FC64F83A" box="[896,989,2001,2027]" name="Panama" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Panama</collectingCountry>
and southern California;
<quantity id="36149B41FFCDFFB0FADEF871FAC8F83A" box="[1299,1393,2001,2027]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" metricValueMax="8.6" metricValueMin="0.2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="m" value="44.0" valueMax="86.0" valueMin="2.0">2–86 m</quantity>
; occasionally as fouling). —
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFCCFFB1FD86FEABFC01FEF4" author="Laverde-Castillo J. J. A." box="[587,952,267,294]" firstAuthor="Laverde-Castillo" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="83 - 93" refId="ref47165" refString="Laverde-Castillo J. J. A. 1988. Notas sobre algunos serpulidos (Annelida, Polychaeta) de Bahia Malaga, Pacifico colombiano. Anales del Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas de Punta de Betin 18: 83 - 93." type="journal article" year="1988">
<treatmentCitation id="704D10B5FFCCFFB1FD86FEABFC33FEF4" box="[587,906,267,294]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Laverde-Castillo 1988: 86</treatmentCitation>
–87
</bibRefCitation>
, figs 2a–e (Málaga Bay, Colombian Pacific; shallow water, on rocks). —
<treatmentCitation id="704D10B5FFCCFFB1FD71FE90FC45FE9B" box="[700,1020,304,331]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFCCFFB1FD71FE90FC45FE9B" author="Leon-Gonzalez" box="[700,1020,304,331]" firstAuthor="Leon-Gonzalez" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="335 - 338" refId="ref47206" refString="Leon-Gonzalez J. A. de 1990. Dos serpulidos nuevos para el Pacifico mexicano y duplicidad opercular en Hydroides cruciger (Polychaeta: Serpulidae). Revista de Biologia Tropical 38 (2 A): 335 - 338. http: // revistas. ucr. ac. cr / index. php / rbt / article / view / 25383 / 25624" type="journal article" year="1990">León-González 1990: 336</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 3a–d (west coast of Baja California Peninsula: Punta San Juanico and Cabo San Lázaro, Baja California Sur;
<quantity id="36149B41FFCCFFB1FB1AFEF6FAFDFEA1" box="[1239,1348,342,368]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.85" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.7" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="m" value="28.5" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="27.0">27–30 m</quantity>
). —
<treatmentCitation id="704D10B5FFCCFFB1FF27FEDBFE0BFE44" box="[234,434,378,405]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFCCFFB1FF27FEDBFE0BFE44" author="Perkins" box="[234,434,378,405]" firstAuthor="Perkins" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="79 - 122" refId="ref48322" refString="Perkins T. H. 1998. Checklist of shallow-water marine polychaetous Annelida of Florida. In: Camp D. K., Lyons W. G. &amp; Perkins T. H. (eds) Checklist of Selected Shallow-water Marine Invertebrates of Florida: 79 - 122. Florida Marine Research Institute, Technical Report 3." type="book chapter" year="1998">Perkins 1998: 95</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(checklist of shallow-water polychaetes of Florida). —
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFCCFFB1FB8AFEDBFEB0FE6B" author="Bastida-Zavala J. R." firstAuthor="Bastida-Zavala" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="1 - 61" refId="ref42167" refString="Bastida-Zavala J. R. 2008. Serpulids (Annelida: Polychaeta) from the eastern Pacific, including a brief mention of Hawaiian serpulids. Zootaxa 1722: 1 - 61." type="journal article" year="2008">
<treatmentCitation id="704D10B5FFCCFFB1FB8AFEDBFADFFE45" box="[1095,1382,378,405]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Bastida-Zavala 2008: 16</treatmentCitation>
– 17
</bibRefCitation>
, figs 4C–D (California and Mexican Pacific: Baja California Sur, Guerrero and Oaxaca; intertidal to
<quantity id="36149B41FFCCFFB1FECAFE65FEFFFE0E" box="[263,326,453,479]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="m" value="73.0">73 m</quantity>
). —
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFCCFFB1FEB1FE65FC9FFE0E" author="Bastida-Zavala J. R. &amp; Rodriguez Buelna A. S. &amp; de Leon-Gonzalez J. A. &amp; Camacho-Cruz K. A. &amp; Carmona I." box="[380,806,453,479]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Bastida-Zavala" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="401 - 457" refId="ref42465" refString="Bastida-Zavala J. R., Rodriguez Buelna A. S., de Leon-Gonzalez J. A., Camacho-Cruz K. A. &amp; Carmona I. 2016. New records of sabellids and serpulids (Polychaeta: Sabellidae, Serpulidae) from the Tropical Eastern Pacific. Zootaxa 4184 (3): 401 - 457. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4184.3.1" type="journal article" year="2016">
<treatmentCitation id="704D10B5FFCCFFB1FEB1FE65FD53FE0E" box="[380,746,453,479]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Bastida-Zavala
<emphasis id="C398EAB6FFCCFFB1FDF9FE66FDD7FE0E" box="[564,622,453,479]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">et al.</emphasis>
2016: 409
</treatmentCitation>
–410
</bibRefCitation>
, figs 3, 10H–I (Oaxaca, southern Mexican Pacific).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B9F6652FFFCCFFB1FF70FDA8FC12FC50" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="F15336A4FFCCFFB1FF70FDA8FE13FDF3" blockId="13.[189,426,520,546]" box="[189,426,520,546]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<heading id="AA1B81C8FFCCFFB1FF70FDA8FE13FDF3" bold="true" box="[189,426,520,546]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" reason="3">
<emphasis id="C398EAB6FFCCFFB1FF70FDA8FE13FDF3" bold="true" box="[189,426,520,546]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F15336A4FFCCFFB1FF70FD99FDF3FD82" blockId="13.[189,586,568,595]" box="[189,586,568,595]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
One specimen: HB (1)
<date id="85521064FFCCFFB1FE00FD99FDFFFD82" box="[461,582,569,595]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="2003-09">Sep. 2003</date>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F15336A4FFCCFFB1FF70FDDCFE0DFD47" blockId="13.[189,436,636,662]" box="[189,436,636,662]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<heading id="AA1B81C8FFCCFFB1FF70FDDCFE0DFD47" bold="true" box="[189,436,636,662]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" reason="3">
<emphasis id="C398EAB6FFCCFFB1FF70FDDCFE0DFD47" bold="true" box="[189,436,636,662]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Additional material</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F15336A4FFCCFFB1FF70FD0CFC12FC50" blockId="13.[189,1399,684,897]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Three specimens:
<collectionCode id="97FDAE61FFCCFFB1FE59FD0CFDAAFD17" box="[404,531,684,710]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">LACMNH</collectionCode>
s.n.,
<specimenCount id="E7EAFD2DFFCCFFB1FD99FD0CFD63FD17" box="[596,730,684,710]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
(33°28–40' N, 119°00–30' W,
<quantity id="36149B41FFCCFFB1FB8BFD0CFB21FD17" box="[1094,1176,684,710]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="km" value="1.6">1.6 km</quantity>
off eastern side of
<collectingRegion id="3328F846FFCCFFB1FF70FD72FEDBFD3A" box="[189,354,721,748]" country="Honduras" name="Santa Barbara" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Santa Barbara</collectingRegion>
Island,
<collectingRegion id="3328F846FFCCFFB1FE0DFD71FD83FD3A" box="[448,570,721,747]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">California</collectingRegion>
, Velero III, sta. 1409, Blake trawl, sand, sea urchins,
<quantity id="36149B41FFCCFFB1FB64FD72FAABFD3D" box="[1193,1298,722,748]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="7.3" metricValueMin="3.7" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="m" value="55.0" valueMax="73.0" valueMin="37.0">37–73 m</quantity>
,
<date id="85521064FFCCFFB1FAD3FD71FF43FCC0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1941-09-15">15 Sep. 1941</date>
, as
<taxonomicName id="36EC4D27FFCCFFB1FEE6FD57FE3FFCC0" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[299,390,759,785]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Serpula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C398EAB6FFCCFFB1FEE6FD57FE3FFCC0" box="[299,390,759,785]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Serpula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
n. sp.);
<collectionCode id="97FDAE61FFCCFFB1FE23FD57FDD4FCC0" box="[494,621,759,785]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">LACMNH</collectionCode>
s.n.,
<specimenCount id="E7EAFD2DFFCCFFB1FD7CFD57FC81FCC1" box="[689,824,758,785]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
(33°35–36' N, 117°52–53' W,
<collectingRegion id="3328F846FFCCFFB1FB60FD57FAADFCC0" box="[1197,1300,759,785]" country="United Kingdom" name="Newport" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Newport</collectingRegion>
Harbor, Balboa Peninsula, “bay side, floats off Fred Lewi’s Landing”,
<collectingRegion id="3328F846FFCCFFB1FC40FCBCFBBEFCE7" box="[909,1031,796,822]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">California</collectingRegion>
, Velero III, sta. 1449, intertidal, “collected off harbor floats and piles from a skiff”,
<date id="85521064FFCCFFB1FCD5FCE1FC01FC8A" box="[792,952,833,859]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1942-03-13">13 Mar. 1942</date>
, as
<taxonomicName id="36EC4D27FFCCFFB1FC29FCE1FB86FC8A" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[996,1087,833,859]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Serpula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C398EAB6FFCCFFB1FC29FCE1FB86FC8A" box="[996,1087,833,859]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Serpula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.);
<collectionCode id="97FDAE61FFCCFFB1FB4FFCE1FAB8FC8A" box="[1154,1281,833,859]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">LACMNH</collectionCode>
N8819,
<specimenCount id="E7EAFD2DFFCCFFB1FAA5FCE1FE95FC51" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
(approx.
<geoCoordinate id="94D85063FFCCFFB1FE50FCC6FDB1FC51" box="[413,520,870,896]" degrees="32" direction="north" minutes="42" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" precision="925" value="32.7">32°42' N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="94D85063FFCCFFB1FDD9FCC6FD29FC51" box="[532,656,870,896]" degrees="118" direction="west" minutes="17" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" precision="925" value="-118.28333">118°17' W</geoCoordinate>
, San Pedro,
<collectingRegion id="3328F846FFCCFFB1FCEFFCC6FC26FC50" box="[802,927,870,897]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">California</collectingRegion>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B9F6652FFFCCFFB1FF70FC09FEF2FB7C" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="F15336A4FFCCFFB1FF70FC09FE8FFC12" blockId="13.[189,310,937,963]" box="[189,310,937,963]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<heading id="AA1B81C8FFCCFFB1FF70FC09FE8FFC12" bold="true" box="[189,310,937,963]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" reason="3">
<emphasis id="C398EAB6FFCCFFB1FF70FC09FE8FFC12" bold="true" box="[189,310,937,963]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F15336A4FFCCFFB1FF70FC7AFEF2FB7C" blockId="13.[189,1399,986,1197]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Juvenile specimen. Tube white, thin and smooth; without peristomes, transverse ridges, longitudinal ridges or alveoli. Opercular peduncle smooth, white, with a bulbous region below funnel (
<figureCitation id="69D72A21FFCCFFB1FB24FC5FFAF0FBC8" box="[1257,1353,1023,1049]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[189,232,1635,1661]" captionTargetBox="[240,1347,265,1594]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[240,1347,265,1594]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 2. Serpulids from United States fouling plates. Crucigera websteri. A. Operculum, juvenile from Humboldt Bay, California. B. Operculum, adult from San Pedro, California (LACMNH-N8819). – C. zygophora. C. Operculum, juvenile from Alaska (SERC). D. Operculum, adult from Canoe Bay, Alaska (LACMNH-N2128). – Ficopomatus enigmaticus. E. Tubes from Lake Merritt, California (LACMNH-N5141). F. Body, from Chesapeake Bay, Virginia (SERC-59327). G. Operculum, from Chesapeake Bay, Virginia (SERC-60530R). H. Colonies in Long Beach, California (photo by Bruno Pernet).– F. miamiensis. I. Tubes, from Chetumal Bay, Mexican Caribbean (ECOSUR). J–K. Operculum, from Galveston Bay, Texas (SERC-88344RF). – F. uschakovi. L. Tube, from Corpus Christi, Texas (SERC-88883). M. Thorax and operculum, from Galveston Bay, Texas (SERC-86995). N. Operculum, from La Encrucijada, Chiapas (UMAR-Poly 113). O. Thorax and operculum, from Corpus Christi, Texas (SERC-88883)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3834683" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3834683/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
). In adult specimens, base of operculum with four digitate processes (
<figureCitation id="69D72A21FFCCFFB1FC04FB84FB9EFBEF" box="[969,1063,1060,1086]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[189,232,1635,1661]" captionTargetBox="[240,1347,265,1594]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[240,1347,265,1594]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 2. Serpulids from United States fouling plates. Crucigera websteri. A. Operculum, juvenile from Humboldt Bay, California. B. Operculum, adult from San Pedro, California (LACMNH-N8819). – C. zygophora. C. Operculum, juvenile from Alaska (SERC). D. Operculum, adult from Canoe Bay, Alaska (LACMNH-N2128). – Ficopomatus enigmaticus. E. Tubes from Lake Merritt, California (LACMNH-N5141). F. Body, from Chesapeake Bay, Virginia (SERC-59327). G. Operculum, from Chesapeake Bay, Virginia (SERC-60530R). H. Colonies in Long Beach, California (photo by Bruno Pernet).– F. miamiensis. I. Tubes, from Chetumal Bay, Mexican Caribbean (ECOSUR). J–K. Operculum, from Galveston Bay, Texas (SERC-88344RF). – F. uschakovi. L. Tube, from Corpus Christi, Texas (SERC-88883). M. Thorax and operculum, from Galveston Bay, Texas (SERC-86995). N. Operculum, from La Encrucijada, Chiapas (UMAR-Poly 113). O. Thorax and operculum, from Corpus Christi, Texas (SERC-88883)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3834683" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3834683/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
). Operculum with a radially symmetric funnel, with 43–52 radii with rounded tips (
<figureCitation id="69D72A21FFCCFFB1FC86FBE9FC2AFBB2" box="[843,915,1097,1123]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[189,232,1635,1661]" captionTargetBox="[240,1347,265,1594]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[240,1347,265,1594]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 2. Serpulids from United States fouling plates. Crucigera websteri. A. Operculum, juvenile from Humboldt Bay, California. B. Operculum, adult from San Pedro, California (LACMNH-N8819). – C. zygophora. C. Operculum, juvenile from Alaska (SERC). D. Operculum, adult from Canoe Bay, Alaska (LACMNH-N2128). – Ficopomatus enigmaticus. E. Tubes from Lake Merritt, California (LACMNH-N5141). F. Body, from Chesapeake Bay, Virginia (SERC-59327). G. Operculum, from Chesapeake Bay, Virginia (SERC-60530R). H. Colonies in Long Beach, California (photo by Bruno Pernet).– F. miamiensis. I. Tubes, from Chetumal Bay, Mexican Caribbean (ECOSUR). J–K. Operculum, from Galveston Bay, Texas (SERC-88344RF). – F. uschakovi. L. Tube, from Corpus Christi, Texas (SERC-88883). M. Thorax and operculum, from Galveston Bay, Texas (SERC-86995). N. Operculum, from La Encrucijada, Chiapas (UMAR-Poly 113). O. Thorax and operculum, from Corpus Christi, Texas (SERC-88883)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3834683" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3834683/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
A–B); inner surface of funnel with some rounded tubercles (
<figureCitation id="69D72A21FFCCFFB1FE68FBCEFE57FB59" box="[421,494,1134,1160]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[189,232,1635,1661]" captionTargetBox="[240,1347,265,1594]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[240,1347,265,1594]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 2. Serpulids from United States fouling plates. Crucigera websteri. A. Operculum, juvenile from Humboldt Bay, California. B. Operculum, adult from San Pedro, California (LACMNH-N8819). – C. zygophora. C. Operculum, juvenile from Alaska (SERC). D. Operculum, adult from Canoe Bay, Alaska (LACMNH-N2128). – Ficopomatus enigmaticus. E. Tubes from Lake Merritt, California (LACMNH-N5141). F. Body, from Chesapeake Bay, Virginia (SERC-59327). G. Operculum, from Chesapeake Bay, Virginia (SERC-60530R). H. Colonies in Long Beach, California (photo by Bruno Pernet).– F. miamiensis. I. Tubes, from Chetumal Bay, Mexican Caribbean (ECOSUR). J–K. Operculum, from Galveston Bay, Texas (SERC-88344RF). – F. uschakovi. L. Tube, from Corpus Christi, Texas (SERC-88883). M. Thorax and operculum, from Galveston Bay, Texas (SERC-86995). N. Operculum, from La Encrucijada, Chiapas (UMAR-Poly 113). O. Thorax and operculum, from Corpus Christi, Texas (SERC-88883)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3834683" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3834683/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
A–B). Collar with bayonet chaetae, with 2–3 blunt and long teeth, smooth distal blade.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B9F6652FFFCCFFB1FF70FB76FB07FA67" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="F15336A4FFCCFFB1FF70FB76FE0EFB20" blockId="13.[189,439,1238,1265]" box="[189,439,1238,1265]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<heading id="AA1B81C8FFCCFFB1FF70FB76FE0EFB20" bold="true" box="[189,439,1238,1265]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" reason="3">
<emphasis id="C398EAB6FFCCFFB1FF70FB76FE0EFB20" bold="true" box="[189,439,1238,1265]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Taxonomic remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F15336A4FFCCFFB1FF70FAA7FB07FA67" blockId="13.[189,1398,1287,1462]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
The only specimen of
<taxonomicName id="36EC4D27FFCCFFB1FE73FAA7FD26FAF0" authorityName="Benedict" authorityYear="1887" box="[446,671,1287,1313]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Crucigera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="websteri">
<emphasis id="C398EAB6FFCCFFB1FE73FAA7FD26FAF0" box="[446,671,1287,1313]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Crucigera websteri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from fouling plates was a juvenile, which can be distinguished from juveniles of
<taxonomicName id="36EC4D27FFCCFFB1FE5FFA8CFD42FA97" authority="(Johnson, 1901)" baseAuthorityName="Johnson" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[402,763,1324,1350]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Crucigera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="zygophora">
<emphasis id="C398EAB6FFCCFFB1FE5FFA8CFD8BFA97" box="[402,562,1324,1350]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. zygophora</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFCCFFB1FD8EFA8CFD4BFA97" author="Johnson" box="[579,754,1324,1350]" firstAuthor="Johnson" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="381 - 437" refId="ref46618" refString="Johnson H. P. 1901. The Polychaeta of the Puget Sound Region. Proceedings of the Boston Society for Natural History 29: 381 - 437." type="journal article" year="1901">Johnson, 1901</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, because the former has a deeply concave funnel and its inner surface has rounded tubercles (
<figureCitation id="69D72A21FFCCFFB1FD5AFAF1FD4FFABA" box="[663,758,1361,1387]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[189,232,1635,1661]" captionTargetBox="[240,1347,265,1594]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[240,1347,265,1594]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 2. Serpulids from United States fouling plates. Crucigera websteri. A. Operculum, juvenile from Humboldt Bay, California. B. Operculum, adult from San Pedro, California (LACMNH-N8819). – C. zygophora. C. Operculum, juvenile from Alaska (SERC). D. Operculum, adult from Canoe Bay, Alaska (LACMNH-N2128). – Ficopomatus enigmaticus. E. Tubes from Lake Merritt, California (LACMNH-N5141). F. Body, from Chesapeake Bay, Virginia (SERC-59327). G. Operculum, from Chesapeake Bay, Virginia (SERC-60530R). H. Colonies in Long Beach, California (photo by Bruno Pernet).– F. miamiensis. I. Tubes, from Chetumal Bay, Mexican Caribbean (ECOSUR). J–K. Operculum, from Galveston Bay, Texas (SERC-88344RF). – F. uschakovi. L. Tube, from Corpus Christi, Texas (SERC-88883). M. Thorax and operculum, from Galveston Bay, Texas (SERC-86995). N. Operculum, from La Encrucijada, Chiapas (UMAR-Poly 113). O. Thorax and operculum, from Corpus Christi, Texas (SERC-88883)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3834683" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3834683/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
), while in the latter the funnel is shallow and smooth, without tubercles (
<figureCitation id="69D72A21FFCCFFB1FE5BFAD6FE4BFA41" box="[406,498,1398,1424]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[189,232,1635,1661]" captionTargetBox="[240,1347,265,1594]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[240,1347,265,1594]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 2. Serpulids from United States fouling plates. Crucigera websteri. A. Operculum, juvenile from Humboldt Bay, California. B. Operculum, adult from San Pedro, California (LACMNH-N8819). – C. zygophora. C. Operculum, juvenile from Alaska (SERC). D. Operculum, adult from Canoe Bay, Alaska (LACMNH-N2128). – Ficopomatus enigmaticus. E. Tubes from Lake Merritt, California (LACMNH-N5141). F. Body, from Chesapeake Bay, Virginia (SERC-59327). G. Operculum, from Chesapeake Bay, Virginia (SERC-60530R). H. Colonies in Long Beach, California (photo by Bruno Pernet).– F. miamiensis. I. Tubes, from Chetumal Bay, Mexican Caribbean (ECOSUR). J–K. Operculum, from Galveston Bay, Texas (SERC-88344RF). – F. uschakovi. L. Tube, from Corpus Christi, Texas (SERC-88883). M. Thorax and operculum, from Galveston Bay, Texas (SERC-86995). N. Operculum, from La Encrucijada, Chiapas (UMAR-Poly 113). O. Thorax and operculum, from Corpus Christi, Texas (SERC-88883)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3834683" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3834683/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
). In adult forms,
<taxonomicName id="36EC4D27FFCCFFB1FD74FAD7FC84FA41" authorityName="Benedict" authorityYear="1887" box="[697,829,1398,1425]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Crucigera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="websteri">
<emphasis id="C398EAB6FFCCFFB1FD74FAD7FC84FA41" box="[697,829,1398,1425]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. websteri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has four digitate processes on the opercular base (
<figureCitation id="69D72A21FFCCFFB1FF0BFA3BFE9BFA64" box="[198,290,1435,1461]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[189,232,1635,1661]" captionTargetBox="[240,1347,265,1594]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[240,1347,265,1594]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 2. Serpulids from United States fouling plates. Crucigera websteri. A. Operculum, juvenile from Humboldt Bay, California. B. Operculum, adult from San Pedro, California (LACMNH-N8819). – C. zygophora. C. Operculum, juvenile from Alaska (SERC). D. Operculum, adult from Canoe Bay, Alaska (LACMNH-N2128). – Ficopomatus enigmaticus. E. Tubes from Lake Merritt, California (LACMNH-N5141). F. Body, from Chesapeake Bay, Virginia (SERC-59327). G. Operculum, from Chesapeake Bay, Virginia (SERC-60530R). H. Colonies in Long Beach, California (photo by Bruno Pernet).– F. miamiensis. I. Tubes, from Chetumal Bay, Mexican Caribbean (ECOSUR). J–K. Operculum, from Galveston Bay, Texas (SERC-88344RF). – F. uschakovi. L. Tube, from Corpus Christi, Texas (SERC-88883). M. Thorax and operculum, from Galveston Bay, Texas (SERC-86995). N. Operculum, from La Encrucijada, Chiapas (UMAR-Poly 113). O. Thorax and operculum, from Corpus Christi, Texas (SERC-88883)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3834683" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3834683/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
), while
<taxonomicName id="36EC4D27FFCCFFB1FE4DFA3CFDA7FA64" baseAuthorityName="Johnson" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[384,542,1435,1462]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Crucigera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="zygophora">
<emphasis id="C398EAB6FFCCFFB1FE4DFA3CFDA7FA64" box="[384,542,1435,1462]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. zygophora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
only has three rounded processes (
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFCCFFB1FC77FA3BFB17FA64" author="Bastida-Zavala" box="[954,1198,1435,1461]" firstAuthor="Bastida-Zavala" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="1 - 61" refId="ref42167" refString="Bastida-Zavala J. R. 2008. Serpulids (Annelida: Polychaeta) from the eastern Pacific, including a brief mention of Hawaiian serpulids. Zootaxa 1722: 1 - 61." type="journal article" year="2008">Bastida-Zavala 2008</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B9F6652FFFCCFFB1FF70FA7FFC92F99E" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="F15336A4FFCCFFB1FF70FA7FFE99FA28" blockId="13.[189,288,1503,1529]" box="[189,288,1503,1529]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<heading id="AA1B81C8FFCCFFB1FF70FA7FFE99FA28" bold="true" box="[189,288,1503,1529]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" reason="3">
<emphasis id="C398EAB6FFCCFFB1FF70FA7FFE99FA28" bold="true" box="[189,288,1503,1529]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Ecology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F15336A4FFCCFFB1FF70F9AFFC92F99E" blockId="13.[189,1398,1551,1615]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Intertidal to
<quantity id="36149B41FFCCFFB1FE9CF9AFFE37F9FB" box="[337,398,1551,1578]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="m" value="86.0">86 m</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFCCFFB1FE6DF9B0FCA6F9F8" author="ten Hove &amp; Jansen-Jacobs" box="[416,799,1551,1578]" firstAuthor="ten Hove" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="35 - 66" refId="ref46443" refString="Imajima M. &amp; ten Hove H. A. 1984. Serpulinae (Annelida, Polychaeta) from the Truk Islands, Ponape and Majuro Atoll, with some other new Indo-Pacific records. Proceedings of the Japanese Society of Systematic Zoology 27: 35 - 66." type="journal article" year="1984">ten Hove &amp; Jansen-Jacobs 1984</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFCCFFB1FCE2F9AFFB9CF9F8" author="Bastida-Zavala" box="[815,1061,1551,1577]" firstAuthor="Bastida-Zavala" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="1 - 61" refId="ref42167" refString="Bastida-Zavala J. R. 2008. Serpulids (Annelida: Polychaeta) from the eastern Pacific, including a brief mention of Hawaiian serpulids. Zootaxa 1722: 1 - 61." type="journal article" year="2008">Bastida-Zavala 2008</bibRefCitation>
); occasionally as fouling on skiffs, floats and dock pilings (
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFCCFFB1FDEBF994FCA3F99F" author="Bastida-Zavala" box="[550,794,1588,1614]" firstAuthor="Bastida-Zavala" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="1 - 61" refId="ref42167" refString="Bastida-Zavala J. R. 2008. Serpulids (Annelida: Polychaeta) from the eastern Pacific, including a brief mention of Hawaiian serpulids. Zootaxa 1722: 1 - 61." type="journal article" year="2008">Bastida-Zavala 2008</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B9F6652FFFCCFFB1FF70F9D7FCD1F83A" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="F15336A4FFCCFFB1FF70F9D7FEEFF940" blockId="13.[189,342,1655,1681]" box="[189,342,1655,1681]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<heading id="AA1B81C8FFCCFFB1FF70F9D7FEEFF940" bold="true" box="[189,342,1655,1681]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" reason="3">
<emphasis id="C398EAB6FFCCFFB1FF70F9D7FEEFF940" bold="true" box="[189,342,1655,1681]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Distribution</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F15336A4FFCCFFB1FF70F908FCD1F83A" blockId="13.[189,1399,1704,2027]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Amphi-American. Western Atlantic from Florida and Gulf of Mexico to
<collectingCountry id="89FB7634FFCCFFB1FBE1F908FBCEF913" box="[1068,1143,1704,1730]" name="Brazil" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Brazil</collectingCountry>
; eastern Pacific from southern California to
<collectingCountry id="89FB7634FFCCFFB1FE1AF96EFD8DF939" box="[471,564,1742,1768]" name="Panama" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Panama</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFCCFFB1FD86F96EFC62F936" author="ten Hove &amp; Jansen-Jacobs" box="[587,987,1741,1768]" firstAuthor="ten Hove" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="35 - 66" refId="ref46443" refString="Imajima M. &amp; ten Hove H. A. 1984. Serpulinae (Annelida, Polychaeta) from the Truk Islands, Ponape and Majuro Atoll, with some other new Indo-Pacific records. Proceedings of the Japanese Society of Systematic Zoology 27: 35 - 66." type="journal article" year="1984">ten Hove &amp; Jansen-Jacobs 1984</bibRefCitation>
). The Amphi-American status of
<taxonomicName id="36EC4D27FFCCFFB1FF70F953FE19F8DD" authorityName="Benedict" authorityYear="1887" box="[189,416,1778,1805]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Crucigera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="websteri">
<emphasis id="C398EAB6FFCCFFB1FF70F953FE19F8DD" box="[189,416,1778,1805]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Crucigera websteri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
follows the hypothesis of
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFCCFFB1FD15F952FBD9F8DD" author="Bastida-Zavala" box="[728,1120,1778,1805]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Bastida-Zavala" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="401 - 457" refId="ref42465" refString="Bastida-Zavala J. R., Rodriguez Buelna A. S., de Leon-Gonzalez J. A., Camacho-Cruz K. A. &amp; Carmona I. 2016. New records of sabellids and serpulids (Polychaeta: Sabellidae, Serpulidae) from the Tropical Eastern Pacific. Zootaxa 4184 (3): 401 - 457. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4184.3.1" type="journal article" year="2016">
Bastida-Zavala
<emphasis id="C398EAB6FFCCFFB1FC5CF953FC74F8DD" box="[913,973,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">et al.</emphasis>
(2016: 439)
</bibRefCitation>
, that the eastern Pacific population of this species likely is a Pleistocene relict, because the first Californian record was made by
<bibRefCitation id="957D4B55FFCCFFB1FF2EF89CFE08F886" author="Treadwell" box="[227,433,1852,1879]" firstAuthor="Treadwell" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="175 - 234" refId="ref51286" refString="Treadwell A. L. 1914. Polychaetous annelids of the Pacific coast in the collections of the Zoological Museum of the University of California. University of California Publications in Zoology 13 (8): 175 - 234." type="journal article" year="1914">Treadwell (1914)</bibRefCitation>
, with samples collected at least two years before, and prior to the
<collectingCountry id="89FB7634FFCCFFB1FB01F89DFA90F886" box="[1228,1321,1853,1879]" name="Panama" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Panama</collectingCountry>
Canal operation, in addition to the scarce presence of this species in the fouling fauna. Only one specimen was found on a fouling plate from Humboldt Bay, California (
<figureCitation id="69D72A21FFCCFFB1FCA3F826FC0FF870" box="[878,950,1926,1953]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[187,230,1957,1983]" captionTargetBox="[197,1396,1091,1854]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[192,1401,1088,1858]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 3. Distribution of serpulids (Crucigera and Ficopomatus spp.) from United States fouling plates (closed symbols) and literature records (open symbols)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3834685" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3834685/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
), in 2003, suggesting that the species may now be present in northern California. However, additional sampling is necessary to confirm that
<taxonomicName id="36EC4D27FFCCFFB1FF70F871FEFBF83A" authorityName="Benedict" authorityYear="1887" box="[189,322,2001,2027]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Crucigera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="websteri">
<emphasis id="C398EAB6FFCCFFB1FF70F871FEFBF83A" box="[189,322,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. websteri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is currently established in northern California.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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