treatments-xml/data/4E/11/01/4E11014EFF9846787D97837DFE2644B5.xml

<document ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.595.2.1" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7905812" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="tatiana" checkinTime="1683526508278" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Palacios, Walter A., Torres, Maria De Lourdes, Quintana, Martina Albuja, Asadobay, Pacarina, Iglesias, Juan, Quillupangui, Richard, Rojas, Estefania, Santiana, Janeth, Sola, Augusto &amp; Rivas-Torres, Gonzalo" docDate="2023" docId="4E11014EFF9846787D97837DFE2644B5" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.595.2.1.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 595 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.595.2.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.6:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="6" docTitle="Cedrela kuelapensis T. D. Penn. &amp; A. Daza 2010" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="137" masterDocId="B2287936FF9146727D1F8277FFE4464D" masterDocTitle="A new species and a new record for Cedrela (Meliaceae, Sapindales) in Ecuador: morphological, molecular, and distribution evidence" masterLastPageNumber="138" masterPageNumber="127" pageNumber="136" updateTime="1683564264077" updateUser="tatiana" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title>A new species and a new record for Cedrela (Meliaceae, Sapindales) in Ecuador: morphological, molecular, and distribution evidence</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Palacios, Walter A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Herbario Nacional del Ecuador (QCNE) - Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad, Quito, Ecuador.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Torres, Maria De Lourdes</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales COCIBA &amp; Extensión Galápagos, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito 170901, Ecuador. &amp; Adjunct Faculty, University of North Carolina-UNC Chapel Hill. &amp; Galapagos Science Center, USFQ, UNC Chapel Hill, San Cristobal, Galapagos, Ecuador. &amp; Laboratorio de Biotecnología Vegetal, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito 170901, Ecuador.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Quintana, Martina Albuja</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales COCIBA &amp; Extensión Galápagos, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito 170901, Ecuador. &amp; Laboratorio de Biotecnología Vegetal, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito 170901, Ecuador.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Asadobay, Pacarina</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales COCIBA &amp; Extensión Galápagos, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito 170901, Ecuador.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Iglesias, Juan</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Ministerio del Ambiente, Agua y Transición Ecológica-MAATE, Madrid y Andalucía, Quito-Ecuador.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Quillupangui, Richard</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Ministerio del Ambiente, Agua y Transición Ecológica-MAATE, Madrid y Andalucía, Quito-Ecuador.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Rojas, Estefania</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales COCIBA &amp; Extensión Galápagos, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito 170901, Ecuador. &amp; Laboratorio de Biotecnología Vegetal, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito 170901, Ecuador.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Santiana, Janeth</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Programa REM-Ecuador. 12 de Octubre y Francisco Salazar, Quito-Ecuador.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Sola, Augusto</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Programa REM-Ecuador. 12 de Octubre y Francisco Salazar, Quito-Ecuador.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Rivas-Torres, Gonzalo</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales COCIBA &amp; Extensión Galápagos, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito 170901, Ecuador. &amp; Adjunct Faculty, University of North Carolina-UNC Chapel Hill. &amp; Galapagos Science Center, USFQ, UNC Chapel Hill, San Cristobal, Galapagos, Ecuador. &amp; Estación de Biodiversidad Tiputini, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador. &amp; Courtesy Faculty, Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, 110 Newins-Ziegler Hall, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title>Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2023-05-05</mods:number>
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<mods:number>595</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
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<subSubSection box="[136,762,266,293]" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="9.[136,762,266,293]" box="[136,762,266,293]" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">
<heading box="[136,762,266,293]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" reason="3">
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="RZYZ" ID-ENA="582832" authority="T. D. Penn. &amp; Daza (2010: 65 - 68)" authorityName="T. D. Penn. &amp; A. Daza" authorityPageNumber="65 - 68" authorityYear="2010" box="[136,758,266,293]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Meliaceae" genus="Cedrela" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kuelapensis">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,368,266,293]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">Cedrela kuelapensis</emphasis>
T.D. Penn. &amp; Daza (2010: 65–68)
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.
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<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="136" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="9.[136,1452,306,364]" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">
<taxonomicName authorityName="P. Browne" authorityYear="1756" box="[136,212,306,327]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Meliaceae" genus="Cedrela" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[136,212,306,327]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">Cedrela</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been considered endemic to northern 
<collectingCountry box="[606,650,306,327]" name="Peru" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">Peru</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Pennington, T. D. &amp; Muellner, A. N." box="[660,957,306,328]" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" refId="ref7644" refString="Pennington, T. D. &amp; Muellner, A. N. (2010) A monograph of Cedrela (Meliaceae). Dh books, Milborne Port, 112 pp." type="book" year="2010">Pennington &amp; Muellner (2010)</bibRefCitation>
, however, today it is known to be widely distributed, also, in the 
<collectingRegion box="[300,434,342,364]" country="Ecuador" name="Loja" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">Loja province</collectingRegion>
of 
<collectingCountry box="[466,546,342,364]" name="Ecuador" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation box="[558,643,342,364]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[136,229,2006,2028]" captionTargetBox="[214,1372,1093,1962]" captionTargetId="figure-384@9.[151,1436,1073,1982]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Cedrela kuelapensis: A. leaves (scale bar = 8 cm), B. leaflets (scale bar = 3 cm), C. flower (scale bar = 0.3 cm).A-C Palacios 18292. Photographs by W. Palacios" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7905822" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7905822/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">Figure 5</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="136" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="9.[136,1452,410,1049]" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,390,410,436]" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">Field characteristics:</emphasis>
—Tree up to 
<quantity box="[548,608,410,437]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" unit="m" value="18.0">18 m</quantity>
high and 
<quantity box="[727,799,410,437]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" unit="cm" value="65.0">65 cm</quantity>
dbh, slightly fissured grayish bark, rounded crown. The flowers have pink petals with margin cream.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="9.[136,1452,410,1049]" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,504,482,508]" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">Flowering and phenology:</emphasis>
— 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2018-08" country="Ecuador" county="The" location="In" municipality="In December" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Loja">
<collectingCounty box="[532,575,482,508]" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">The</collectingCounty>
species shows asynchronous phenology, as happens with other species of the genus in 
<collectingCountry box="[238,334,518,544]" name="Ecuador" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingMunicipality box="[344,489,518,545]" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">In December</collectingMunicipality>
of 2017, for example, in the northeast of 
<collectingRegion box="[957,1011,518,544]" country="Ecuador" name="Loja" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">Loja</collectingRegion>
, some trees had leaves and others were defoliated, while towards the central part of the province, a few trees had flowers and others were presenting young leaves. 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4E11014EFF9846787D97837DFE2644B5:C367E683FF98467B7DC38038FF174424" box="[220,243,591,617]" country="Ecuador" county="The" municipality="In December" name="In" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" stateProvince="Loja">In</location>
<date box="[248,392,590,616]" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" value="2018-08">
<collectingDate box="[248,392,590,616]" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" value="2018-08">August 2018</collectingDate>
</date>
on the other hand, when a strong dry season was present in the central and southern part of the province (e.g., in Nambacola and Cariamanga sites), the trees were defoliated and some had old fruits; meanwhile, towards the northeast of 
<collectingRegion box="[413,467,662,688]" country="Ecuador" name="Loja" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">Loja</collectingRegion>
, the trees presented leaves and very young inflorescences
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="137" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="9.[136,1452,410,1049]" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,495,698,724]" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">Distribution and habitat:</emphasis>
—Until now, the species was considered endemic to 
<collectingCountry box="[1109,1160,699,725]" name="Peru" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">Peru</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Pennington, T. D. &amp; Muellner, A. N." pageId="9" pageNumber="136" refId="ref7644" refString="Pennington, T. D. &amp; Muellner, A. N. (2010) A monograph of Cedrela (Meliaceae). Dh books, Milborne Port, 112 pp." type="book" year="2010">Pennington &amp; Muellner 2010</bibRefCitation>
). In 
<collectingCountry box="[252,347,734,760]" name="Ecuador" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="T. D. Penn. &amp; A. Daza" authorityYear="2010" box="[361,527,734,761]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Meliaceae" genus="Cedrela" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kuelapensis">
<emphasis box="[361,527,734,761]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">C. kuelapensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
inhabits only the seasonally semi-deciduous forests of southern 
<collectingCountry box="[1276,1371,734,760]" name="Ecuador" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
, in the province of 
<collectingRegion box="[276,330,770,796]" country="Ecuador" name="Loja" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">Loja</collectingRegion>
, northern Peruvian border. The first collections of this species in 
<collectingCountry box="[1089,1182,770,796]" name="Ecuador" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
were made in 1995, in forest remnants occurring ~ 
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in elevation, between Malacatos and El Tambo localities. Recent collections during this investigation (
<tableCitation box="[344,428,842,868]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,224,159,183]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="TABLE 1. Unique collection number (ID collection) and herbaria where the samples of Cedrela used in this study were deposited. Individuals used for potential distribution models (+) and used for molecular analyses (*) are also identified." pageId="9" pageNumber="136">Table 1</tableCitation>
) expand the distribution of the species, which is now reported between 700 and 
<quantity box="[1344,1421,842,868]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" unit="m" value="1600.0">1600m</quantity>
in elevation. All the collected individuals were found in degraded areas along roads, pastures, and forest remnants.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="9.[136,1452,410,1049]" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">
In Loja, this species occurs in ecosystems like those where it grows in 
<collectingCountry box="[987,1042,915,941]" name="Peru" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">Peru</collectingCountry>
; it grows associated with 
<taxonomicName authority="A. H. Gentry (1977: 138)" authorityName="A. H. Gentry" authorityPageNumber="138" authorityYear="1977" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Jacaranda" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sparrei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">Jacaranda sparrei</emphasis>
A.H. 
<bibRefCitation author="Gentry, A. H." box="[291,515,950,976]" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" pagination="138 - 139" refId="ref6914" refString="Gentry, A. H. (1977) A new Jacaranda (Bignoniaceae) from Ecuador and Peru. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 64: 138 - 139. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2395242" type="journal article" year="1977">Gentry (1977: 138)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName authority="(Humboldt &amp; Bonpland ex Willdenow 1806: 1080) Seigler &amp; Ebinger (2005: 160)" authorityName="Seigler &amp; Ebinger" authorityPageNumber="160" authorityYear="2005" baseAuthorityName="Willdenow" baseAuthorityPageNumber="1080" baseAuthorityYear="1806" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Vachellia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macracantha">
<emphasis box="[578,842,950,976]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">Vachellia macracantha</emphasis>
(Humboldt &amp; Bonpland ex Willdenow 1806: 1080) Seigler &amp; Ebinger (2005: 160)
</taxonomicName>
, but it has also been located at about 
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in elevation, usually growing on the banks of watercourses, in dry forests dominated by 
<taxonomicName authority="(Willdenow 1809: 720) Sprengel (1895: 596)" authorityName="Sprengel" authorityPageNumber="596" authorityYear="1895" baseAuthorityName="Willdenow" baseAuthorityPageNumber="720" baseAuthorityYear="1809" box="[611,1426,1022,1049]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cochlospermaceae" genus="Cochlospermum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vitifolium">
<emphasis box="[611,909,1022,1048]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">Cochlospermum vitifolium</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Willdenow, C. L. von" box="[923,1170,1022,1048]" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" refId="ref8090" refString="Willdenow, C. L. von (1809) Enumeratio Plantarum Horti Botanici Berolinensis 2. 75 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 165500" type="book" year="1809">Willdenow 1809: 720</bibRefCitation>
) Sprengel (1895: 596)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7905822" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7905822" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7905822/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" startId="9.[136,229,2006,2028]" targetBox="[214,1372,1093,1962]" targetPageId="9" targetType="figure">
<paragraph blockId="9.[136,1451,2006,2065]" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,247,2006,2028]" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">FIGURE 5</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName authorityName="T. D. Penn. &amp; A. Daza" authorityYear="2010" box="[258,452,2007,2028]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Meliaceae" genus="Cedrela" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kuelapensis">
<emphasis box="[258,452,2007,2028]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">Cedrela kuelapensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: A. leaves (scale bar = 8 cm), B. leaflets (scale bar = 3 cm), C. flower (scale bar = 0.3 cm). A-C 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">Palacios 18292.</emphasis>
Photographs by W. Palacios
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="10.[136,1452,158,760]" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,441,158,184]" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">Conservation status:</emphasis>
— 
<taxonomicName authorityName="T. D. Penn. &amp; A. Daza" authorityYear="2010" box="[469,701,158,184]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Meliaceae" genus="Cedrela" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kuelapensis">
<emphasis box="[469,701,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">Cedrela kuelapensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a potential distribution area that covers a large part of the province of Loja (
<figureCitation box="[337,434,194,220]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[136,229,1977,1999]" captionTargetBox="[184,1410,202,1935]" captionTargetId="figure-18@7.[152,1436,187,1955]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Map detailing the potential distribution and locations of individuals used for climatic niche modeling of C. angusticarpa and C. kuelapensis in continental Ecuador. Peru is located to the south and Colombia to the north of Continental Ecuador defined in this map." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7905818" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7905818/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">Figure 3</figureCitation>
), which significantly increases the previously known distribution area in 
<collectingCountry box="[1255,1310,195,221]" name="Peru" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">Peru</collectingCountry>
. However, it must be considered that the forests of this Ecuadorian province are mainly at secondary succession stages. Also (and according to resulting maps, 
<figureCitation box="[457,552,266,292]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[136,229,1977,1999]" captionTargetBox="[184,1410,202,1935]" captionTargetId="figure-18@7.[152,1436,187,1955]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Map detailing the potential distribution and locations of individuals used for climatic niche modeling of C. angusticarpa and C. kuelapensis in continental Ecuador. Peru is located to the south and Colombia to the north of Continental Ecuador defined in this map." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7905818" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7905818/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">Figure 3</figureCitation>
), the species faces a habitat loss of 54%, calculated after applying criterion A, an Extent of Occurrence (EOO) of 
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², and an Area of Occupancy (AOO) of 
<quantity box="[1094,1168,302,331]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" unit="km" value="20.0">20 km</quantity>
². These data, which were analyzed under the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (
<bibRefCitation author="IUCN Standards &amp; Petitions Committee" box="[808,952,338,364]" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" refId="ref7237" refString="IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee. (2019) Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 14. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Committee. Available from http: // www. iucnredlist. org / documents / RedListGuidelines. pdf (4 May 2023)" type="book" year="2019">IUCN, 2019</bibRefCitation>
), suggest that the species could be evaluated as Endangered. However, considering that the potential reduction in its population size is at least 61% and a maximum of approximately 80% (W. Palacios pers. obs.), and that the trees mainly occur in secondary forests and are sparse and distant from each other, the species should be evaluated as Critically Endangered (CR A2c) for the country.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="137" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="10.[136,1452,158,760]" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,449,482,508]" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">Specimens examined:</emphasis>
— 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1995-05-16" collectingDateMax="2018-11-31" collectingDateMin="1995-05-16" collectionCode="QCA, QCNE" collectorName="Borgtoft et al." country="Ecuador" county="Canton Olmedo" elevation="1660" latitude="-4.35" location="Sabiango" longLatPrecision="1306" longitude="-79.816666" municipality="Surapo" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Loja">
<collectingCountry box="[478,616,482,508]" name="Ecuador" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">ECUADOR</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion box="[629,685,482,508]" country="Ecuador" name="Loja" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">Loja</collectingRegion>
: 
<collectingCounty box="[697,880,482,508]" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">Cantón Olmedo</collectingCounty>
, vía a 
<collectingMunicipality box="[958,1040,482,508]" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">Surapo</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<quantity box="[1054,1143,482,509]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.66" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" unit="m" value="1660.0">
<elevation box="[1054,1143,482,509]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.66" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" unit="m" value="1660.0">1660 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<date box="[1157,1447,482,508]" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" value="2018-10" valueMax="2018-11-31" valueMin="2018-10-00">
<collectingDate box="[1157,1447,482,508]" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" value="2018-10" valueMax="2018-11-31" valueMin="2018-10-00">October–November 2018</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis box="[136,415,518,545]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">
<collectorName box="[136,228,518,544]" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">Sanchez</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName box="[264,365,519,545]" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">Gonzaga</collectorName>
124
</emphasis>
(
<collectingRegion box="[430,505,518,544]" country="Ecuador" name="Loja" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">LOJA</collectingRegion>
). Malacatos-El 
<collectorName box="[680,757,518,544]" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">Tambo</collectorName>
road, near the village 
<collectorName box="[1009,1084,518,545]" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">El Era</collectorName>
, 
<quantity box="[1095,1182,518,545]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" unit="m" value="1600.0">
<elevation box="[1095,1182,518,545]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" unit="m" value="1600.0">1600 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<date box="[1195,1348,518,545]" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" value="1995-05-16">
<collectingDate box="[1195,1348,518,545]" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" value="1995-05-16">16 May 1995</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">
<collectorName box="[1359,1451,518,544]" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">Borgtoft</collectorName>
et al. 104298
</emphasis>
(
<collectingRegion box="[295,368,554,580]" country="Ecuador" name="Loja" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">LOJA</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectionCode box="[378,442,554,580]" country="Ecuador" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15650" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15650" name="Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" type="Herbarium">QCA</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1995-05-16" collectingDateMax="2018-11-31" collectingDateMin="1995-05-16" collectionCode="LOJA" collectorName="Merino et al." country="Ecuador" county="Canton Olmedo" elevation="1660" latitude="-4.35" location="Sabiango" longLatPrecision="1306" longitude="-79.816666" municipality="Surapo" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Loja">
<collectorName box="[460,502,555,581]" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">Km</collectorName>
12 
<collectorName box="[542,803,554,580]" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">Malacatos-Gonzanamá</collectorName>
, 
<quantity box="[813,899,554,581]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.28" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" unit="m" value="1280.0">
<elevation box="[813,899,554,581]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.28" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" unit="m" value="1280.0">1280 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[910,990,554,580]" degrees="4" direction="south" minutes="12" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" precision="925" value="-4.2">4°12’S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[1002,1104,554,580]" degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="21" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" precision="925" value="-78.35">78°21’W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date box="[1115,1332,554,581]" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" value="1995-11-21">
<collectingDate box="[1115,1332,554,581]" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" value="1995-11-21">21 November 1995</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">Merino et al. 4617</emphasis>
(
<collectingRegion box="[241,316,590,616]" country="Ecuador" name="Loja" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">LOJA</collectingRegion>
).
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1995-05-16" collectingDateMax="2018-11-31" collectingDateMin="1995-05-16" collectionCode="QCA, QCNE" collectorName="Palacios" country="Ecuador" county="Canton Olmedo" elevation="1660" latitude="-4.35" location="Sabiango" longLatPrecision="1306" longitude="-79.816666" municipality="Surapo" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Loja">
Catamayo, vía intervalles Malacatos-Catamayo, 
<quantity box="[875,931,590,616]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" unit="km" value="2.0">2 km</quantity>
antes 
<collectorName box="[1001,1145,590,616]" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">de El Tambo</collectorName>
, 
<quantity box="[1155,1242,590,617]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.533" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" unit="m" value="1533.0">
<elevation box="[1155,1242,590,617]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.533" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" unit="m" value="1533.0">1533 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[1253,1333,590,616]" degrees="4" direction="south" minutes="04" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" precision="925" value="-4.0666666">4°04’S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[1344,1447,590,616]" degrees="79" direction="west" minutes="18" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" precision="925" value="-79.3">79°18’W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date box="[136,357,626,652]" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" value="2017-12-24">
<collectingDate box="[136,357,626,652]" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" value="2017-12-24">24 December 2017</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis box="[371,549,626,652]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">Palacios 18284</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis box="[565,635,626,652]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">18285</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode box="[653,736,626,652]" country="Ecuador" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13634" name="Museo Ecuatoriano de Ciencias Naturales" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" type="Herbarium">QCNE</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1995-05-16" collectingDateMax="2018-11-31" collectingDateMin="1995-05-16" collectionCode="QCA, QCNE" collectorName="Palacios" country="Ecuador" county="Canton Olmedo" elevation="1660" latitude="-4.35" location="Sabiango" longLatPrecision="1306" longitude="-79.816666" municipality="Surapo" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Loja">
Cariamanga, Vía Cariamanga-Colaisaca, aprox. 
<quantity box="[1308,1371,626,653]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" unit="km" value="7.0">7 km</quantity>
, sector San Pedro, 
<quantity box="[270,360,662,689]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.835" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" unit="m" value="1835.0">
<elevation box="[270,360,662,689]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.835" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" unit="m" value="1835.0">1835 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[375,500,662,688]" degrees="4" direction="south" minutes="20" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" precision="15" seconds="06" value="-4.335">4°20’06’’S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[515,618,662,688]" degrees="79" direction="west" minutes="06" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" precision="925" value="-79.1">79°06’W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date box="[632,854,662,688]" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" value="2017-12-24">
<collectingDate box="[632,854,662,688]" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" value="2017-12-24">24 December 2017</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis box="[869,1047,662,688]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">Palacios 18292</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode box="[1064,1147,662,688]" country="Ecuador" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13634" name="Museo Ecuatoriano de Ciencias Naturales" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" type="Herbarium">QCNE</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1995-05-16" collectingDateMax="2018-11-31" collectingDateMin="1995-05-16" collectionCode="QCA, QCNE" collectorName="Palacios" country="Ecuador" county="Canton Olmedo" elevation="1660" latitude="-4.35" location="Sabiango" longLatPrecision="1306" longitude="-79.816666" municipality="Surapo" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Loja">
Macará, Sabiango, lecho de quebrada, hacia el NW de 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4E11014EFF9846787D97837DFE2644B5:C367E683FF9B46787CC680CDFDA04499" box="[473,580,698,724]" country="Ecuador" county="Canton Olmedo" latitude="-4.35" longLatPrecision="1306" longitude="-79.816666" municipality="Surapo" name="Sabiango" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" stateProvince="Loja">Sabiango</location>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4E11014EFF9846787D97837DFE2644B5:C367E683FF9B46787F4F80CCFD404498" box="[592,676,699,725]" country="Ecuador" county="Canton Olmedo" latitude="-4.35" longLatPrecision="1306" longitude="-79.816666" municipality="Surapo" name="Bosque" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" stateProvince="Loja">Bosque</location>
seco, 
<quantity box="[749,823,698,725]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.6" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" unit="m" value="760.0">
<elevation box="[749,823,698,725]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.6" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" unit="m" value="760.0">760 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[836,916,698,724]" degrees="4" direction="south" minutes="21" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" precision="925" value="-4.35">4°21’S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[929,1032,698,724]" degrees="79" direction="west" minutes="49" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" precision="925" value="-79.816666">79°49’W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date box="[1045,1263,698,724]" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" value="2017-12-27">
<collectingDate box="[1045,1263,698,724]" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" value="2017-12-27">27 December 2017</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis box="[1275,1451,698,724]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">Palacios 18288</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode box="[144,227,734,760]" country="Ecuador" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13634" name="Museo Ecuatoriano de Ciencias Naturales" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" type="Herbarium">QCNE</collectionCode>
). NC: cedro blanco
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>