188 lines
36 KiB
XML
188 lines
36 KiB
XML
<document id="2237DDC5C81D5AE582CED9399DBF4A32" ID-DOI="10.1111/j.1096-3642.2005.00155.x" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5432948" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630430929442" checkinUser="diego" docAuthor="Stöhr, Sabine" docDate="2005" docId="0D0A0B06FFD8FFE1618D863BFC05FE84" docLanguage="en" docName="j.1096-3642.2005.00155.x.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 143 (4)" docSource="https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2005.00155.x" docStyle="DocumentStyle:0DD8C314D74634CE09062A86991413F8.2:ZoolJLinnSoc.2002-2009.journal_article" docStyleId="0DD8C314D74634CE09062A86991413F8" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2002-2009.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Ophiocomina nigra" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="572" masterDocId="F133737EFFC2FFFC626F8521FFE1FFB2" masterDocTitle="Who’s who among baby brittle stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea): postmetamorphic development of some North Atlantic forms" masterLastPageNumber="576" masterPageNumber="543" pageNumber="569" updateTime="1699267062813" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
|
||
<mods:mods id="3776D75092151D197AFB594EBC44E3C1" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="D01D38CCF796461172D450E37FF68724">
|
||
<mods:title id="8A25942A5DF7E1B6B4D207C2B9E4D18E">Who’s who among baby brittle stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea): postmetamorphic development of some North Atlantic forms</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="0C08ECEBC9504A154A969CB6DD9331ED" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="82430C08610925A97E9370610D8AF39C">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="2AD9B98EE89B640BB33585FEEDD812C1">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="B33570FC1DEB744F4B9A80388495A1AE">Stöhr, Sabine</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="0162824AD30D6B848D022F86494C323F">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="5FEC32A5C18374F262581CC3F0824D96" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="E9DDF9510548B10DF57A581234CC43B2">
|
||
<mods:title id="82A3662AE63B9B3F241C1926DB2083A8">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="9BDB98C216B929F9F06A6B8974613C90">
|
||
<mods:date id="89447014D67D1FAF2FD03682EA443E6C">2005</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="295EC44579126EABE47D6DACBA17F198" type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number id="37740CF4A77024E6E0951C5BDC04C280">2005-04-30</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="B216D000548E10488C234B6AB9D98EB6" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="5F4115DFC5012F03E93C760F447377AB">143</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="9DBFE9D939F90AE73BE55FC12B4FFE8F" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="61749DC3C82951E60DAFA26675E5742D">4</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="6EA72218A378592A9F1B393A42C696C6" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="A6854487B07BBB673B35A2363CB1AF39">543</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="7D55104F7D1CEE584C02ECED6A0F9DF8">576</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location id="8138DD06D9F47E88809F3312577F0FA9">
|
||
<mods:url id="2E56D1A22E2F9BE0D03E842942758062">https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2005.00155.x</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification id="2BDBC2DE480DC491A755431BD511CBE3">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="732B5D5ADC4CA75616B451A538A4C846" type="DOI">10.1111/j.1096-3642.2005.00155.x</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="D1257D0B1F18C9296E4A2ADBC097CFF6" type="ISSN">0024-4082</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="A7606CD3E13F15E147D73B4433A22EFD" type="Zenodo-Dep">5432948</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="0D0A0B06FFD8FFE1618D863BFC05FE84" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5490146" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5490146" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0D0A0B06FFD8FFE1618D863BFC05FE84" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0D0A0B06FFD8FFE1618D863BFC05FE84" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="572" pageId="26" pageNumber="569">
|
||
<subSubSection id="CDB9E99BFFD8FFE6618D863BFAD4FCE0" pageId="26" pageNumber="569" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="851CBA10FFD8FFE6618D863BFB33FC83" blockId="26.[853,1375,730,882]" box="[994,1234,794,818]" pageId="26" pageNumber="569">
|
||
<heading id="DE540D7CFFD8FFE6618D863BFB33FC83" box="[994,1234,794,818]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="26" pageNumber="569" reason="2">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="42A3C193FFD8FFE6618D863BFB33FC83" ID-CoL="49WJF" baseAuthorityName="Abildgaard in O. F. Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1789" box="[994,1234,794,818]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiotomidae" genus="Ophiocomina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="26" pageNumber="569" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B7D76602FFD8FFE6618D863BFB33FC83" box="[994,1234,794,818]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="569">
|
||
<emphasis id="B7D76602FFD8FFE6618D863BFB65FC83" box="[994,1156,794,818]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="569">OPHIOCOMINA</emphasis>
|
||
NIGRA
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="851CBA10FFD8FFE66110861BFAD4FCE0" blockId="26.[853,1375,730,882]" box="[895,1333,826,850]" pageId="26" pageNumber="569">
|
||
<heading id="DE540D7CFFD8FFE66110861BFAD4FCE0" allCaps="true" box="[895,1333,826,850]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="1" pageId="26" pageNumber="569" reason="1">(ABILDGAARD, IN O.F. MÜLLER, 1789)</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="CDB9E99BFFD8FFE16664867BFC05FE84" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="572" pageId="26" pageNumber="569" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="851CBA10FFD8FFE66664867BFB48FCC0" blockId="26.[853,1375,730,882]" box="[1035,1193,858,882]" pageId="26" pageNumber="569">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1D98A695FFD8FFE6667C867BFB40FCC0" box="[1043,1185,858,882]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="28.[142,220,1768,1787]" captionTargetBox="[146,1416,197,1736]" captionTargetId="figure-133@28.[146,1417,197,1736]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 17. Ophiocomina nigra postlarval development. A, B, two 0.7 mm dd postlarva dorsal, note that only one has secondary inter-radial plates (SIR); C, 0.7 mm dd postlarva ventral; D, E, 0.9 mm dd postlarvae; D, dorsal; E, ventral; F–H, 1.4 mm dd postlarvae; F, dorsal; G, arm dorsal; H, ventral; I–K, 1.6 mm dd postlarva; I, jaw, note the scale-like adoral shield spine (ASS) and the second smaller scale proximal to it; J, arm spines, note the serrated edges; K, disc granules are strongly rugose; L, 2.4 mm juvenile; M, 3 mm dd juvenile. Abbreviations: as in Figs 1–3, 10. Scale bars in millimetres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5432982" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5432982/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="569">FIG. 17A–M</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="851CBA10FFD8FFE6614986A2FABFF8A0" blockId="26.[806,1422,899,1903]" pageId="26" pageNumber="569">
|
||
All stages studied here had a dark brown, almost black colour, which makes them unique among the species found at the Swedish west coast and thus easily identifiable. The smallest specimens available measure
|
||
<quantity id="425B17F5FFD8FFE6610F86DFFC54FBA1" box="[864,949,1022,1043]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="569" unit="mm" value="0.7">0.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
dd with seven arm segments. The dorsal disc is formed by the round CPP and five RPPs, triangular SIRs, IR1 and the round k-plate above the distal ends of the RSs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1D98A695FFD8FFE66666817BFB8AFBC2" box="[1033,1131,1114,1136]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="28.[142,220,1768,1787]" captionTargetBox="[146,1416,197,1736]" captionTargetId="figure-133@28.[146,1417,197,1736]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 17. Ophiocomina nigra postlarval development. A, B, two 0.7 mm dd postlarva dorsal, note that only one has secondary inter-radial plates (SIR); C, 0.7 mm dd postlarva ventral; D, E, 0.9 mm dd postlarvae; D, dorsal; E, ventral; F–H, 1.4 mm dd postlarvae; F, dorsal; G, arm dorsal; H, ventral; I–K, 1.6 mm dd postlarva; I, jaw, note the scale-like adoral shield spine (ASS) and the second smaller scale proximal to it; J, arm spines, note the serrated edges; K, disc granules are strongly rugose; L, 2.4 mm juvenile; M, 3 mm dd juvenile. Abbreviations: as in Figs 1–3, 10. Scale bars in millimetres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5432982" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5432982/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="569">Fig. 17A</figureCitation>
|
||
). All plates are almost imperforate, except for small holes on their margins particularly under a disc spine. The disc spines are conical and rugose. Each LAP bears three erect serrated spines. The DAP is triangular, slightly wider than long, with strongly convex distal edge, and adjacent plates separated by the LAPs. Another individual of
|
||
<quantity id="425B17F5FFD8FFE6612C8010FC78FAF4" box="[835,921,1329,1350]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="569" unit="mm" value="0.7">0.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
dd has fewer SIRs, and slightly larger IRs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1D98A695FFD8FFE66141806EFC6EFAD7" box="[814,911,1359,1381]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="28.[142,220,1768,1787]" captionTargetBox="[146,1416,197,1736]" captionTargetId="figure-133@28.[146,1417,197,1736]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 17. Ophiocomina nigra postlarval development. A, B, two 0.7 mm dd postlarva dorsal, note that only one has secondary inter-radial plates (SIR); C, 0.7 mm dd postlarva ventral; D, E, 0.9 mm dd postlarvae; D, dorsal; E, ventral; F–H, 1.4 mm dd postlarvae; F, dorsal; G, arm dorsal; H, ventral; I–K, 1.6 mm dd postlarva; I, jaw, note the scale-like adoral shield spine (ASS) and the second smaller scale proximal to it; J, arm spines, note the serrated edges; K, disc granules are strongly rugose; L, 2.4 mm juvenile; M, 3 mm dd juvenile. Abbreviations: as in Figs 1–3, 10. Scale bars in millimetres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5432982" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5432982/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="569">Fig. 17B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The MP are rugose and spiniform, one on the DP and another on the oral plate, both half as long as the spine-like tooth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1D98A695FFD8FFE6662380ACFB4FFA11" box="[1100,1198,1421,1443]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="28.[142,220,1768,1787]" captionTargetBox="[146,1416,197,1736]" captionTargetId="figure-133@28.[146,1417,197,1736]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 17. Ophiocomina nigra postlarval development. A, B, two 0.7 mm dd postlarva dorsal, note that only one has secondary inter-radial plates (SIR); C, 0.7 mm dd postlarva ventral; D, E, 0.9 mm dd postlarvae; D, dorsal; E, ventral; F–H, 1.4 mm dd postlarvae; F, dorsal; G, arm dorsal; H, ventral; I–K, 1.6 mm dd postlarva; I, jaw, note the scale-like adoral shield spine (ASS) and the second smaller scale proximal to it; J, arm spines, note the serrated edges; K, disc granules are strongly rugose; L, 2.4 mm juvenile; M, 3 mm dd juvenile. Abbreviations: as in Figs 1–3, 10. Scale bars in millimetres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5432982" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5432982/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="569">Fig. 17C</figureCitation>
|
||
). On some jaws a third lower papilla is present on the distal end of the oral plate. There is a strong, rugose ASS in the middle of the concave edge of the long distally flaring
|
||
<collectingCountry id="FDB4FA80FFD8FFE6675A80C8FAB9FA4C" box="[1333,1368,1513,1534]" name="American Samoa" pageId="26" pageNumber="569">AS</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The OS is teardrop-shaped, wrapped around the raised edge of the oral frame. Several round evenly perforated scales form the ventral disc. On the proximal arm segments, the TPo bears a single small rugose scale, which does not cover the pore. The VAPs are longer than wide, with convex distal edge, proximal angle and deeply concave lateral edges. The first VAP is similar to the others except for a convex proximal edge. Adjacent plates are separated by the LAPs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="851CBA10FFD8FFE16150823DFEF8FEA5" blockId="26.[806,1422,899,1903]" lastBlockId="29.[162,779,196,1475]" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="572" pageId="26" pageNumber="569">
|
||
At
|
||
<quantity id="425B17F5FFD8FFE66103823AFC20F883" box="[876,961,1819,1841]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="569" unit="mm" value="0.9">0.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
dd, the number of disc scales has increased considerably. Most disc spines are shorter granules, but some are still conical spines, all of which are rugose (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1D98A695FFDFFFE1634885E5FE6BFF68" box="[295,394,196,218]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="28.[142,220,1768,1787]" captionTargetBox="[146,1416,197,1736]" captionTargetId="figure-133@28.[146,1417,197,1736]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 17. Ophiocomina nigra postlarval development. A, B, two 0.7 mm dd postlarva dorsal, note that only one has secondary inter-radial plates (SIR); C, 0.7 mm dd postlarva ventral; D, E, 0.9 mm dd postlarvae; D, dorsal; E, ventral; F–H, 1.4 mm dd postlarvae; F, dorsal; G, arm dorsal; H, ventral; I–K, 1.6 mm dd postlarva; I, jaw, note the scale-like adoral shield spine (ASS) and the second smaller scale proximal to it; J, arm spines, note the serrated edges; K, disc granules are strongly rugose; L, 2.4 mm juvenile; M, 3 mm dd juvenile. Abbreviations: as in Figs 1–3, 10. Scale bars in millimetres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5432982" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5432982/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="572">Fig. 17D</figureCitation>
|
||
). The oral plates bear two MP, the distal one lower and wider than the proximal papilla (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1D98A695FFDFFFE162C58420FEEDFEA5" box="[170,268,257,279]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="28.[142,220,1768,1787]" captionTargetBox="[146,1416,197,1736]" captionTargetId="figure-133@28.[146,1417,197,1736]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 17. Ophiocomina nigra postlarval development. A, B, two 0.7 mm dd postlarva dorsal, note that only one has secondary inter-radial plates (SIR); C, 0.7 mm dd postlarva ventral; D, E, 0.9 mm dd postlarvae; D, dorsal; E, ventral; F–H, 1.4 mm dd postlarvae; F, dorsal; G, arm dorsal; H, ventral; I–K, 1.6 mm dd postlarva; I, jaw, note the scale-like adoral shield spine (ASS) and the second smaller scale proximal to it; J, arm spines, note the serrated edges; K, disc granules are strongly rugose; L, 2.4 mm juvenile; M, 3 mm dd juvenile. Abbreviations: as in Figs 1–3, 10. Scale bars in millimetres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5432982" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5432982/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="572">Fig. 17E</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="D1DCEA98FFD9FFE762CD838AFC0BF8DC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5432980" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5432980" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5432980/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="570" startId="27.[162,240,1707,1726]" targetBox="[251,1352,200,1674]" targetPageId="27">
|
||
<paragraph id="851CBA10FFD9FFE762CD838AFC0BF8DC" blockId="27.[162,1442,1707,1902]" pageId="27" pageNumber="570">
|
||
<emphasis id="B7D76602FFD9FFE762CD838AFEF6F90C" bold="true" box="[162,279,1707,1726]" pageId="27" pageNumber="570">Figure 16.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="42A3C193FFD9FFE7634C838AFE07F90C" baseAuthorityName="Abildgaard in O. F. Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1789" box="[291,486,1707,1726]" class="Xanthophyceae" family="Ophiocytiaceae" genus="Ophiothrix" kingdom="Chromista" order="Mischococcales" pageId="27" pageNumber="570" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="fragilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B7D76602FFD9FFE7634C838AFE07F90C" box="[291,486,1707,1726]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="570">Ophiothrix fragilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
postlarval development. A–C, 0.34 mm dd postlarvae; A, on arm of adult; B, dorsal, note the large central plate (CPP); C, ventral, note the tricuspid tooth; D–G, 0.55 mm dd postlarvae; D, arm dorsal, note the small terminal plate (TP) and large hooks; F, arm lateral; G, ventral; H, I, 0.8 mm dd postlarvae; H, dorsal, radial shields (RS) and inter-radial plates (IR1, 2) have formed; I, ventral; J, K, 1.1 mm postlarvae; J, dorsal, note the k-plate; K, ventral, note the first tooth papillae (TPa); L–N, 1.3 mm postlarvae; L, dorsal with numerous disc spines; M, ventral with additional TPa; N, arm dorsal, note the serrated shape of the proximal dorsal spines.
|
||
<emphasis id="B7D76602FFD9FFE761E5821CFBC0F8E2" box="[906,1057,1853,1872]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="570">Abbreviations:</emphasis>
|
||
as in Figs 1–3, 5. Scale bars in millimetres. Some dorsal plates have fallen off due to the bleaching process (H, J).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="D1DCEA98FFDEFFE062E183C9FAF0F8C2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5432982" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5432982" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5432982/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="571" startId="28.[142,220,1768,1787]" targetBox="[146,1416,197,1736]" targetPageId="28">
|
||
<paragraph id="851CBA10FFDEFFE062E183C9FAF0F8C2" blockId="28.[142,1422,1768,1905]" pageId="28" pageNumber="571">
|
||
<emphasis id="B7D76602FFDEFFE062E183C9FEE2F949" bold="true" box="[142,259,1768,1787]" pageId="28" pageNumber="571">Figure 17.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="42A3C193FFDEFFE0636083C9FE3BF949" baseAuthorityName="Abildgaard in O. F. Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1789" box="[271,474,1768,1787]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiotomidae" genus="Ophiocomina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="28" pageNumber="571" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B7D76602FFDEFFE0636083C9FE3BF949" box="[271,474,1768,1787]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="571">Ophiocomina nigra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
postlarval development. A, B, two 0.7 mm dd postlarva dorsal, note that only one has secondary inter-radial plates (SIR); C, 0.7 mm dd postlarva ventral; D, E, 0.9 mm dd postlarvae; D, dorsal; E, ventral; F–H, 1.4 mm dd postlarvae; F, dorsal; G, arm dorsal; H, ventral; I–K, 1.6 mm dd postlarva; I, jaw, note the scale-like adoral shield spine (ASS) and the second smaller scale proximal to it; J, arm spines, note the serrated edges; K, disc granules are strongly rugose; L, 2.4 mm juvenile; M, 3 mm dd juvenile.
|
||
<emphasis id="B7D76602FFDEFFE060F5827CFCD0F8C2" box="[666,817,1885,1904]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="571">Abbreviations:</emphasis>
|
||
as in Figs 1–3, 10. Scale bars in millimetres.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="851CBA10FFDFFFE162D48401FED0FDDB" blockId="29.[162,779,196,1475]" pageId="29" pageNumber="572">
|
||
At
|
||
<quantity id="425B17F5FFDFFFE162B08401FED4FE87" box="[223,309,288,309]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="29" pageNumber="572" unit="mm" value="1.4">1.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
dd, the numerous dorsal disc scales are partially obscured by rugose granules (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1D98A695FFDFFFE160F3841EFD1CFEE7" box="[668,765,319,341]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="28.[142,220,1768,1787]" captionTargetBox="[146,1416,197,1736]" captionTargetId="figure-133@28.[146,1417,197,1736]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 17. Ophiocomina nigra postlarval development. A, B, two 0.7 mm dd postlarva dorsal, note that only one has secondary inter-radial plates (SIR); C, 0.7 mm dd postlarva ventral; D, E, 0.9 mm dd postlarvae; D, dorsal; E, ventral; F–H, 1.4 mm dd postlarvae; F, dorsal; G, arm dorsal; H, ventral; I–K, 1.6 mm dd postlarva; I, jaw, note the scale-like adoral shield spine (ASS) and the second smaller scale proximal to it; J, arm spines, note the serrated edges; K, disc granules are strongly rugose; L, 2.4 mm juvenile; M, 3 mm dd juvenile. Abbreviations: as in Figs 1–3, 10. Scale bars in millimetres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5432982" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5432982/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="572">Fig. 17F</figureCitation>
|
||
). There are now four strongly serrated arm spines, the dorsalmost being the longest, longer than an arm segment (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1D98A695FFDFFFE1628384BAFEAEFE03" box="[236,335,411,433]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="28.[142,220,1768,1787]" captionTargetBox="[146,1416,197,1736]" captionTargetId="figure-133@28.[146,1417,197,1736]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 17. Ophiocomina nigra postlarval development. A, B, two 0.7 mm dd postlarva dorsal, note that only one has secondary inter-radial plates (SIR); C, 0.7 mm dd postlarva ventral; D, E, 0.9 mm dd postlarvae; D, dorsal; E, ventral; F–H, 1.4 mm dd postlarvae; F, dorsal; G, arm dorsal; H, ventral; I–K, 1.6 mm dd postlarva; I, jaw, note the scale-like adoral shield spine (ASS) and the second smaller scale proximal to it; J, arm spines, note the serrated edges; K, disc granules are strongly rugose; L, 2.4 mm juvenile; M, 3 mm dd juvenile. Abbreviations: as in Figs 1–3, 10. Scale bars in millimetres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5432982" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5432982/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="572">Fig. 17G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Of the RSs only the distal edge is visible beneath the disc scales. The MP on the DP have moved closer towards each other, forming an apical pair below the first tooth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1D98A695FFDFFFE1638D84D6FDA6FDBF" box="[482,583,503,525]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="28.[142,220,1768,1787]" captionTargetBox="[146,1416,197,1736]" captionTargetId="figure-133@28.[146,1417,197,1736]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 17. Ophiocomina nigra postlarval development. A, B, two 0.7 mm dd postlarva dorsal, note that only one has secondary inter-radial plates (SIR); C, 0.7 mm dd postlarva ventral; D, E, 0.9 mm dd postlarvae; D, dorsal; E, ventral; F–H, 1.4 mm dd postlarvae; F, dorsal; G, arm dorsal; H, ventral; I–K, 1.6 mm dd postlarva; I, jaw, note the scale-like adoral shield spine (ASS) and the second smaller scale proximal to it; J, arm spines, note the serrated edges; K, disc granules are strongly rugose; L, 2.4 mm juvenile; M, 3 mm dd juvenile. Abbreviations: as in Figs 1–3, 10. Scale bars in millimetres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5432982" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5432982/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="572">Fig. 17H</figureCitation>
|
||
). The TS is flat, oval and covers the pore. Bursal slits are visible above the arm. Numerous round overlapping scales form the ventral disc.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="851CBA10FFDFFFE162D48750FD9EFC08" blockId="29.[162,779,196,1475]" pageId="29" pageNumber="572">
|
||
With increasing size, the number of disc granules (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1D98A695FFDFFFE162C587B1FEEAFD14" box="[170,267,656,678]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="28.[142,220,1768,1787]" captionTargetBox="[146,1416,197,1736]" captionTargetId="figure-133@28.[146,1417,197,1736]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 17. Ophiocomina nigra postlarval development. A, B, two 0.7 mm dd postlarva dorsal, note that only one has secondary inter-radial plates (SIR); C, 0.7 mm dd postlarva ventral; D, E, 0.9 mm dd postlarvae; D, dorsal; E, ventral; F–H, 1.4 mm dd postlarvae; F, dorsal; G, arm dorsal; H, ventral; I–K, 1.6 mm dd postlarva; I, jaw, note the scale-like adoral shield spine (ASS) and the second smaller scale proximal to it; J, arm spines, note the serrated edges; K, disc granules are strongly rugose; L, 2.4 mm juvenile; M, 3 mm dd juvenile. Abbreviations: as in Figs 1–3, 10. Scale bars in millimetres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5432982" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5432982/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="572">Fig. 17K</figureCitation>
|
||
) increases until the dorsal disc is completely covered. At
|
||
<quantity id="425B17F5FFDFFFE16347878EFE9CFD76" box="[296,381,687,709]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="29" pageNumber="572" unit="mm" value="1.6">1.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
dd, the ASS has moved to the oral plate and a small papilla has formed on the proximal side of the ASS (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1D98A695FFDFFFE1631987CDFE2EFCB0" box="[374,463,748,770]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="28.[142,220,1768,1787]" captionTargetBox="[146,1416,197,1736]" captionTargetId="figure-133@28.[146,1417,197,1736]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 17. Ophiocomina nigra postlarval development. A, B, two 0.7 mm dd postlarva dorsal, note that only one has secondary inter-radial plates (SIR); C, 0.7 mm dd postlarva ventral; D, E, 0.9 mm dd postlarvae; D, dorsal; E, ventral; F–H, 1.4 mm dd postlarvae; F, dorsal; G, arm dorsal; H, ventral; I–K, 1.6 mm dd postlarva; I, jaw, note the scale-like adoral shield spine (ASS) and the second smaller scale proximal to it; J, arm spines, note the serrated edges; K, disc granules are strongly rugose; L, 2.4 mm juvenile; M, 3 mm dd juvenile. Abbreviations: as in Figs 1–3, 10. Scale bars in millimetres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5432982" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5432982/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="572">Fig. 17I</figureCitation>
|
||
). The ASs are long, pairs forming a wide angle. The OS is twice as wide as long with slightly protruding distal edge. The first VAP is smaller than the others, hexagonal with straight edges. On the first ‘true’ arm segment a second smaller TS has formed. The arm spines are pointed with strongly serrated lateral edges (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1D98A695FFDFFFE1607B8685FD93FC08" box="[532,626,932,954]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="28.[142,220,1768,1787]" captionTargetBox="[146,1416,197,1736]" captionTargetId="figure-133@28.[146,1417,197,1736]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 17. Ophiocomina nigra postlarval development. A, B, two 0.7 mm dd postlarva dorsal, note that only one has secondary inter-radial plates (SIR); C, 0.7 mm dd postlarva ventral; D, E, 0.9 mm dd postlarvae; D, dorsal; E, ventral; F–H, 1.4 mm dd postlarvae; F, dorsal; G, arm dorsal; H, ventral; I–K, 1.6 mm dd postlarva; I, jaw, note the scale-like adoral shield spine (ASS) and the second smaller scale proximal to it; J, arm spines, note the serrated edges; K, disc granules are strongly rugose; L, 2.4 mm juvenile; M, 3 mm dd juvenile. Abbreviations: as in Figs 1–3, 10. Scale bars in millimetres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5432982" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5432982/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="572">Fig. 17J</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="851CBA10FFDFFFE162D486E2FD5DFBC0" blockId="29.[162,779,196,1475]" pageId="29" pageNumber="572">
|
||
At
|
||
<quantity id="425B17F5FFDFFFE162B386E2FED3FC6A" box="[220,306,963,984]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="29" pageNumber="572" unit="mm" value="2.4">2.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
dd, the ASS and its adjacent papilla have been incorporated into the row of lateral MP, thus counting a total of five, with the apical pair close together, ventral to the first tooth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1D98A695FFDFFFE1605C813EFD72FB87" box="[563,659,1055,1077]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="28.[142,220,1768,1787]" captionTargetBox="[146,1416,197,1736]" captionTargetId="figure-133@28.[146,1417,197,1736]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 17. Ophiocomina nigra postlarval development. A, B, two 0.7 mm dd postlarva dorsal, note that only one has secondary inter-radial plates (SIR); C, 0.7 mm dd postlarva ventral; D, E, 0.9 mm dd postlarvae; D, dorsal; E, ventral; F–H, 1.4 mm dd postlarvae; F, dorsal; G, arm dorsal; H, ventral; I–K, 1.6 mm dd postlarva; I, jaw, note the scale-like adoral shield spine (ASS) and the second smaller scale proximal to it; J, arm spines, note the serrated edges; K, disc granules are strongly rugose; L, 2.4 mm juvenile; M, 3 mm dd juvenile. Abbreviations: as in Figs 1–3, 10. Scale bars in millimetres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5432982" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5432982/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="572">Fig. 17L</figureCitation>
|
||
). The ventral disc is covered with round, imbricating scales with small round perforations, bearing no granules.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="851CBA10FFDFFFE162D4815AFCEAFA71" blockId="29.[162,779,196,1475]" pageId="29" pageNumber="572">
|
||
At
|
||
<quantity id="425B17F5FFDFFFE162B2815AFEFCFB22" box="[221,285,1147,1168]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="29" pageNumber="572" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
dd, additional apical MP can be seen below the apical pair (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1D98A695FFDFFFE1633281B8FE25FB1D" box="[349,452,1177,1199]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="28.[142,220,1768,1787]" captionTargetBox="[146,1416,197,1736]" captionTargetId="figure-133@28.[146,1417,197,1736]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 17. Ophiocomina nigra postlarval development. A, B, two 0.7 mm dd postlarva dorsal, note that only one has secondary inter-radial plates (SIR); C, 0.7 mm dd postlarva ventral; D, E, 0.9 mm dd postlarvae; D, dorsal; E, ventral; F–H, 1.4 mm dd postlarvae; F, dorsal; G, arm dorsal; H, ventral; I–K, 1.6 mm dd postlarva; I, jaw, note the scale-like adoral shield spine (ASS) and the second smaller scale proximal to it; J, arm spines, note the serrated edges; K, disc granules are strongly rugose; L, 2.4 mm juvenile; M, 3 mm dd juvenile. Abbreviations: as in Figs 1–3, 10. Scale bars in millimetres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5432982" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5432982/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="572">Fig. 17M</figureCitation>
|
||
), an indication of the apical cluster of the adult, making this the smallest size at which keys for adults can be used. Each TPo bears a pair of one smaller and one larger, flat, oval scale. The VAP are contiguous, slightly overlapping on the proximal segments, with straight distal edge. The
|
||
<collectingCountry id="FDB4FA80FFDFFFE160A58012FD0AFAFA" box="[714,747,1331,1352]" name="American Samoa" pageId="29" pageNumber="572">AS</collectingCountry>
|
||
is long and narrow, almost horizontal to the jaw, bordering the proximal angle of the OS, without separating it from the first LAP. The OS is twice as wide as long, with a low protrusion in the middle of the distal edge.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="851CBA10FFDFFFE162CD80CAFC05FE84" blockId="29.[162,778,1515,1905]" lastBlockId="29.[826,1442,196,310]" pageId="29" pageNumber="572">
|
||
<emphasis id="B7D76602FFDFFFE162CD80CAFEE6F9B2" box="[162,263,1515,1536]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="572">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
: This shallow-water species can easily be identified in all growth stages by its dark brown to black colour, already present in small postlarvae, and its granulated dorsal disc. The genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="42A3C193FFDFFFE1601D8366FCEBF9EE" authorityName="Koehler in Mortensen" authorityYear="1920" box="[626,778,1607,1628]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiotomidae" genus="Ophiocomina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="29" pageNumber="572" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B7D76602FFDFFFE1601D8366FCEBF9EE" box="[626,778,1607,1628]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="572">Ophiocomina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been argued to belong within the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="42A3C193FFDFFFE1603D8344FCE9F9C9" authorityName="PERRIER" authorityYear="1891" box="[594,776,1637,1659]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="29" pageNumber="572" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Ophiacanthidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
instead of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="42A3C193FFDFFFE1632083A5FD7EF928" authority="(Wilkie, 1980)" baseAuthorityName="Wilkie" baseAuthorityYear="1980" box="[335,671,1668,1690]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiocomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="29" pageNumber="572" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">
|
||
Ophiocomidae (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E132C7E1FFDFFFE1606D83A5FD76F928" author="Wilkie IC" box="[514,663,1668,1690]" pageId="29" pageNumber="572" pagination="151 - 157" refId="ref21623" refString="Wilkie IC. 1980. The systematic position of Ophiocomina Koehler and a reconsideration of certain interfamilial relationships within the Ophiuroidea. In: Jangoux M, ed. Echinoderms: present and past. Rotterdam: Balkema, 151 - 157." type="book chapter" year="1980">Wilkie, 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but this has been refuted by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E132C7E1FFDFFFE163E68382FD45F90B" author="Baker AN & Devaney DM" box="[393,676,1699,1721]" pageId="29" pageNumber="572" pagination="155 - 178" refId="ref20312" refString="Baker AN, Devaney DM. 1981. New records of Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata) from Southern Australia, including new species of Ophiacantha and Ophionereis. Transactions of the Royal Society of Southern Australia 105: 155 - 178." type="journal article" year="1981">Baker & Devaney (1981)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The serrated spines and rugose disc granules and mouth papillae certainly bear closer similarities to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="42A3C193FFDFFFE160D483C1FEF3F8A7" authorityName="PERRIER" authorityYear="1891" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="29" pageNumber="572" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Ophiacanthidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
than to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="42A3C193FFDFFFE163FA83DEFDDBF8A7" baseAuthorityName="Wilkie" baseAuthorityYear="1980" box="[405,570,1791,1813]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiocomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="29" pageNumber="572" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Ophiocomidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, small stages of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="42A3C193FFDFFFE16365823CFE4DF881" baseAuthorityName="Wilkie" baseAuthorityYear="1980" box="[266,428,1821,1843]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiocomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="29" pageNumber="572" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Ophiocomidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
were not available for comparison, leaving this question undecided. In addition, the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="42A3C193FFDFFFE162CD827AFEB9F8C3" authorityName="PERRIER" authorityYear="1891" box="[162,344,1883,1905]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="29" pageNumber="572" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Ophiacanthidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been suggested to be paraphyletic (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E132C7E1FFDFFFE1612D85E5FBC3FF68" author="Smith AB & Paterson GLJ & Lafay B" box="[834,1058,196,218]" pageId="29" pageNumber="572" pagination="213 - 243" refId="ref21250" refString="Smith AB, Paterson GLJ, Lafay B. 1995. Ophiuroid phylogeny and higher taxonomy: morphological, molecular and palaeontological perspectives. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 114: 213 - 243." type="journal article" year="1995">
|
||
Smith
|
||
<emphasis id="B7D76602FFDFFFE161F585E4FC2BFF6B" box="[922,970,196,218]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="572">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 1995
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), which makes the systematic status of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="42A3C193FFDFFFE161C585C2FBE6FF4A" baseAuthorityName="Abildgaard in O. F. Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1789" box="[938,1031,227,248]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiotomidae" genus="Ophiocomina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="29" pageNumber="572" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B7D76602FFDFFFE161C585C2FBE6FF4A" box="[938,1031,227,248]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="572">O. nigra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
even more difficult to understand. Until this question is resolved it is retained in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="42A3C193FFDFFFE161558401FC3EFE84" baseAuthorityName="Wilkie" baseAuthorityYear="1980" box="[826,991,288,310]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiocomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="29" pageNumber="572" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Ophiocomidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |