208 lines
33 KiB
XML
208 lines
33 KiB
XML
<document id="A8379F744F5F2B41A9E5375B06B50404" ID-DOI="10.1111/j.1096-3642.2005.00155.x" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5432948" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630430929442" checkinUser="diego" docAuthor="Stöhr, Sabine" docDate="2005" docId="0D0A0B06FFD5FFE661E3877BFD5BFF68" docLanguage="en" docName="j.1096-3642.2005.00155.x.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 143 (4)" docSource="https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2005.00155.x" docStyle="DocumentStyle:0DD8C314D74634CE09062A86991413F8.2:ZoolJLinnSoc.2002-2009.journal_article" docStyleId="0DD8C314D74634CE09062A86991413F8" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2002-2009.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Histampica duplicata" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="569" masterDocId="F133737EFFC2FFFC626F8521FFE1FFB2" masterDocTitle="Who’s who among baby brittle stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea): postmetamorphic development of some North Atlantic forms" masterLastPageNumber="576" masterPageNumber="543" pageNumber="566" updateTime="1699267062813" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="4A795A1F1851ADEEC819F5F77E82F024">
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<mods:title id="53ED793BB61183C0775705B10C669A15">Who’s who among baby brittle stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea): postmetamorphic development of some North Atlantic forms</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="BB50538F0E5F1E63921F54C4F1DDE40B" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="62F1FE40547ABAA25DC1B18BA8D721C4">Stöhr, Sabine</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="B662CB5AB5E78F49C27935BFD2235B21">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="1FD4FCFA15D0729A68DE82B8D8BEDB51">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="4B2ABB25A9EFF573E8CEE07BC2A9C5D8">
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<mods:date id="730E7FB43A07F7C7A9CB2210CC070025">2005</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="860696C56F44E685DFBEA56E6E06D60A" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="7A43293F444174B2B377680CE2A40E9A">2005-04-30</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="60F65072768B8E9C9B5BE50E8C75262B" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="22F6C8B6662D3E791B99C6AE0BC69C00">143</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="758BF599F0425A36FC0ACC51A15729A8">4</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="2277E8812FE7459EA709E48EF61D908C">543</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="17E522CA8F3FC3568BC1A8552AD73C79">https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2005.00155.x</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="EA33FA28430161EC5A8221BA930439C1">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="BE382879295CA8A2340D33F28BC68D5A" type="DOI">10.1111/j.1096-3642.2005.00155.x</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="B4047D5E451B6C7B7E4DC9A2B35D2037" type="ISSN">0024-4082</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="8CF54FE1BBA0F85BBC683624A46A88B1" type="Zenodo-Dep">5432948</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="0D0A0B06FFD5FFE661E3877BFD5BFF68" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0D0A0B06FFD5FFE661E3877BFD5BFF68" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0D0A0B06FFD5FFE661E3877BFD5BFF68" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="569" pageId="23" pageNumber="566">
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<subSubSection id="CDB9E99BFFD5FFEB61E3877BFAB1FDC3" box="[908,1360,601,625]" pageId="23" pageNumber="566" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="851CBA10FFD5FFEB61E3877BFAB1FDC3" blockId="23.[897,1371,569,657]" box="[908,1360,601,625]" pageId="23" pageNumber="566">
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<heading id="DE540D7CFFD5FFEB61E3877BFAB1FDC3" box="[908,1360,601,625]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="23" pageNumber="566" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="42A3C193FFD5FFEB61E3877BFAB1FDC3" ID-CoL="3M53H" authority="(LYMAN, 1875)" baseAuthorityName="LYMAN" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[908,1360,601,625]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiothamnidae" genus="Histampica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphilepidida" pageId="23" pageNumber="566" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="duplicata">
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<emphasis id="B7D76602FFD5FFEB61E3877BFB7FFDC2" box="[908,1182,602,625]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="566">HISTAMPICA DUPLICATA</emphasis>
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(LYMAN, 1875)
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CDB9E99BFFD5FFE6664E8758FD5BFF68" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="569" pageId="23" pageNumber="566" type="description">
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<paragraph id="851CBA10FFD5FFEB664E8758FB5AFD23" blockId="23.[897,1371,569,657]" box="[1057,1211,633,657]" pageId="23" pageNumber="566">
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(
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<figureCitation id="1D98A695FFD5FFEB66458758FB52FD23" box="[1066,1203,633,657]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="24.[142,220,1136,1155]" captionTargetBox="[147,1414,197,1103]" captionTargetId="figure-433@24.[147,1415,196,1103]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 14. Histampica duplicata postlarval development. A, B, 1.5 mm dd postlarva; A, dorsal, note the thicker plate margins; B, ventral; C, D, 2.9 mm dd juvenile; C, dorsal; D, ventral. Abbreviations: as in Figs 1–3, 5. Scale bars in millimetres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5432976" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5432976/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="566">FIG. 14A–D</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="851CBA10FFD5FFEB61558783FB08FB36" blockId="23.[826,1442,674,1340]" pageId="23" pageNumber="566">
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The smallest individuals found measure
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<quantity id="425B17F5FFD5FFEB674C8783FA9BFD05" box="[1315,1402,674,696]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="23" pageNumber="566" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
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dd and the dorsal disc is formed by the primary rosette, wide RSs, secondary radial plates, the k-plate and several IRs (
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<figureCitation id="1D98A695FFD5FFEB61C287DFFBEEFCA6" box="[941,1039,766,788]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="24.[142,220,1136,1155]" captionTargetBox="[147,1414,197,1103]" captionTargetId="figure-433@24.[147,1415,196,1103]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 14. Histampica duplicata postlarval development. A, B, 1.5 mm dd postlarva; A, dorsal, note the thicker plate margins; B, ventral; C, D, 2.9 mm dd juvenile; C, dorsal; D, ventral. Abbreviations: as in Figs 1–3, 5. Scale bars in millimetres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5432976" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5432976/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="566">Fig. 14A</figureCitation>
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). All disc scales are evenly perforated by small round fenestrations; the primary plates have a wide, thickened, perforated border and a perforated centre, but an imperforate area in between. Triangular DAPs, about as wide as long, separated from the following plate, are present on all arm segments. There are three conical arm spines, the dorsalmost of which is as long as a segment. The oral plate bears a wide BS, and a flat, triangular, pointed tooth arises from the short DP (
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<figureCitation id="1D98A695FFD5FFEB66CC8133FAE4FB9A" box="[1187,1285,1042,1064]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="24.[142,220,1136,1155]" captionTargetBox="[147,1414,197,1103]" captionTargetId="figure-433@24.[147,1415,196,1103]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 14. Histampica duplicata postlarval development. A, B, 1.5 mm dd postlarva; A, dorsal, note the thicker plate margins; B, ventral; C, D, 2.9 mm dd juvenile; C, dorsal; D, ventral. Abbreviations: as in Figs 1–3, 5. Scale bars in millimetres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5432976" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5432976/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="566">Fig. 14B</figureCitation>
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). The ASs are distally flaring, separating the teardrop-shaped OS from the LAP. A conical ASS is present near the second TPo, some distance from the oral slit.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="851CBA10FFD5FFEB613C81ACFB22FA8E" blockId="23.[826,1442,674,1340]" pageId="23" pageNumber="566">
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At
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<quantity id="425B17F5FFD5FFEB611A81ACFC2AFB10" box="[885,971,1165,1186]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="23" pageNumber="566" unit="mm" value="2.9">2.9 mm</quantity>
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dd, the animals possess adult characters with numerous disc scales. The tooth is block-like, wider than long, the DP bears a small round oral papilla followed by two larger round papillae on the oral plate and a third similar one on the
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<collectingCountry id="FDB4FA80FFD5FFEB677F8026FAD3FAAE" box="[1296,1330,1287,1308]" name="American Samoa" pageId="23" pageNumber="566">AS</collectingCountry>
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, probably homologous to the ASS (
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<figureCitation id="1D98A695FFD5FFEB663B8007FB56FA8E" box="[1108,1207,1318,1340]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="24.[142,220,1136,1155]" captionTargetBox="[147,1414,197,1103]" captionTargetId="figure-433@24.[147,1415,196,1103]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 14. Histampica duplicata postlarval development. A, B, 1.5 mm dd postlarva; A, dorsal, note the thicker plate margins; B, ventral; C, D, 2.9 mm dd juvenile; C, dorsal; D, ventral. Abbreviations: as in Figs 1–3, 5. Scale bars in millimetres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5432976" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5432976/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="566">Fig. 14C</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="851CBA10FFD5FFEB61558075FB88F909" blockId="23.[826,1442,1364,1723]" pageId="23" pageNumber="566">
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<emphasis id="B7D76602FFD5FFEB61558075FC7EFADB" box="[826,927,1364,1385]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="566">Remarks</emphasis>
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: Although few and only relatively large juveniles were found, the great similarity to
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<taxonomicName id="42A3C193FFD5FFEB676D8052FA69FA3A" baseAuthorityName="O. F. Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1776" box="[1282,1416,1395,1416]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Amphiuridae" genus="Amphiura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphilepidida" pageId="23" pageNumber="566" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="filiformis">
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<emphasis id="B7D76602FFD5FFEB676D8052FA69FA3A" box="[1282,1416,1395,1416]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="566">A. filiformis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is obvious. The primary plates have a similar bordered structure and the tooth of the small postlarvae is also quite similar in both species. In the BIOIce material both species have not yet been found in sympatry, with
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<taxonomicName id="42A3C193FFD5FFEB6155832CFC28F993" baseAuthorityName="LYMAN" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[826,969,1548,1570]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiothamnidae" genus="Histampica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphilepidida" pageId="23" pageNumber="566" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="duplicata">
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<emphasis id="B7D76602FFD5FFEB6155832CFC28F993" box="[826,969,1548,1570]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="566">H. duplicata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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mainly occurring below
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<quantity id="425B17F5FFD5FFEB6691832DFAB3F993" box="[1278,1362,1548,1569]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="566" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</quantity>
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depth and
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<taxonomicName id="42A3C193FFD5FFEB6100830AFC14F9F2" baseAuthorityName="O. F. Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1776" box="[879,1013,1579,1600]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Amphiuridae" genus="Amphiura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphilepidida" pageId="23" pageNumber="566" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="filiformis">
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<emphasis id="B7D76602FFD5FFEB6100830AFC14F9F2" box="[879,1013,1579,1600]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="566">A. filiformis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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being restricted to the upper
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<quantity id="425B17F5FFD5FFEB6734830AFA43F9F2" box="[1371,1442,1579,1600]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="566" unit="m" value="300.0">300 m</quantity>
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(my unpubl. data). Off the Swedish west coast,
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<taxonomicName id="42A3C193FFD5FFEB61558348FC28F9CF" baseAuthorityName="LYMAN" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[826,969,1640,1662]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiothamnidae" genus="Histampica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphilepidida" pageId="23" pageNumber="566" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="duplicata">
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<emphasis id="B7D76602FFD5FFEB61558348FC28F9CF" box="[826,969,1640,1662]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="566">H. duplicata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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does not occur, which eliminates the possibility of error in the identification of
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<taxonomicName id="42A3C193FFD5FFEB677383A6FA43F92E" baseAuthorityName="O. F. Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1776" box="[1308,1442,1671,1692]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Amphiuridae" genus="Amphiura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphilepidida" pageId="23" pageNumber="566" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="filiformis">
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<emphasis id="B7D76602FFD5FFEB677383A6FA43F92E" box="[1308,1442,1671,1692]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="566">A. filiformis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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postlarvae from that area.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="851CBA10FFD5FFEB61FF83D2FAAAF8B9" blockId="23.[912,1355,1779,1835]" box="[912,1355,1779,1803]" pageId="23" pageNumber="566">
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<taxonomicName id="42A3C193FFD5FFEB61FF83D2FAAAF8B9" authority="LJUNGMAN, 1867" authorityName="LJUNGMAN" authorityYear="1867" box="[912,1355,1779,1803]" class="Ophiuroidea" genus="Ophiopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphilepidida" pageId="23" pageNumber="566" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="arcticus">
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<emphasis id="B7D76602FFD5FFEB61FF83D2FB9CF8B8" box="[912,1149,1779,1803]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="566">OPHIOPUS ARCTICUS</emphasis>
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LJUNGMAN, 1867
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="851CBA10FFD5FFEB664E8232FB5DF899" blockId="23.[912,1355,1779,1835]" box="[1057,1212,1811,1835]" pageId="23" pageNumber="566">
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(
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<figureCitation id="1D98A695FFD5FFEB66468232FB55F899" box="[1065,1204,1811,1835]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="25.[162,240,1392,1411]" captionTargetBox="[166,1436,195,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-288@25.[166,1437,195,1360]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 15. Ophiopus arcticus postlarval development. A, B, 0.7 mm dd postlarva; A, dorsal, note the projecting madreporite; B, ventral, note the wide flat tooth (T); C, D, 0.9 mm dd postlarva; C, dorsal; D, ventral (a stray arm spine lies on a jaw); E, F, 1.3 mm dd postlarva; E, dorsal, note k-plate (k) and first inter-radials (IR1); F, ventral, note the second mouth papillae (MP2) on the dental plate; G, H, 1.4 mm dd postlarvae; G, dorsal, note the secondary inter-radial plates (SIR); H, ventral. Abbreviations: as in Figs 1–3, 5. Scale bars in millimetres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5432978" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5432978/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="566">FIG. 15A–H</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="851CBA10FFD5FFE46155821DFF24FA72" blockId="23.[826,1443,1852,1905]" lastBlockId="24.[142,758,1298,1902]" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="567" pageId="23" pageNumber="566">
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The smallest individual found measures
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<quantity id="425B17F5FFD5FFEB677D821DFA97F8E3" box="[1298,1398,1852,1874]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="23" pageNumber="566" unit="mm" value="0.55">0.55 mm</quantity>
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dd, with a single arm segment and the TP (not figured). The dorsal disc is domed, formed by the evenly perforated plates of the primary rosette, M protruding in an inter-radius. The tooth is minute, and a low BS is present on the oral plate. The ASS is flat triangular, pairs pointing towards each other across the first VAP.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="D1DCEA98FFDAFFE462E18151FEEFFB0C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5432976" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5432976" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5432976/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="567" startId="24.[142,220,1136,1155]" targetBox="[147,1414,197,1103]" targetPageId="24">
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<paragraph id="851CBA10FFDAFFE462E18151FEEFFB0C" blockId="24.[142,1422,1136,1214]" pageId="24" pageNumber="567">
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||
<emphasis id="B7D76602FFDAFFE462E18151FEE2FB31" bold="true" box="[142,259,1136,1155]" pageId="24" pageNumber="567">Figure 14.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="42A3C193FFDAFFE463608150FE14FB31" baseAuthorityName="LYMAN" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[271,501,1136,1155]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiothamnidae" genus="Histampica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphilepidida" pageId="24" pageNumber="567" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="duplicata">
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<emphasis id="B7D76602FFDAFFE463608150FE14FB31" box="[271,501,1136,1155]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="567">Histampica duplicata</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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postlarval development. A, B, 1.5 mm dd postlarva; A, dorsal, note the thicker plate margins; B, ventral; C, D, 2.9 mm dd juvenile; C, dorsal; D, ventral.
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<emphasis id="B7D76602FFDAFFE461E081ACFBC7FB12" box="[911,1062,1165,1184]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="567">Abbreviations:</emphasis>
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as in Figs 1–3, 5. Scale bars in millimetres.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="851CBA10FFDAFFE462C880EBFE97F8DC" blockId="24.[142,758,1298,1902]" pageId="24" pageNumber="567">
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At
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<quantity id="425B17F5FFDAFFE462A180EBFEC5FA6D" box="[206,292,1482,1503]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="567" unit="mm" value="0.7">0.7 mm</quantity>
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dd, the postlarvae have two arm segments, each bearing two spines on either side (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1D98A695FFDAFFE462F98326FF19F9AF" box="[150,248,1543,1565]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="25.[162,240,1392,1411]" captionTargetBox="[166,1436,195,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-288@25.[166,1437,195,1360]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 15. Ophiopus arcticus postlarval development. A, B, 0.7 mm dd postlarva; A, dorsal, note the projecting madreporite; B, ventral, note the wide flat tooth (T); C, D, 0.9 mm dd postlarva; C, dorsal; D, ventral (a stray arm spine lies on a jaw); E, F, 1.3 mm dd postlarva; E, dorsal, note k-plate (k) and first inter-radials (IR1); F, ventral, note the second mouth papillae (MP2) on the dental plate; G, H, 1.4 mm dd postlarvae; G, dorsal, note the secondary inter-radial plates (SIR); H, ventral. Abbreviations: as in Figs 1–3, 5. Scale bars in millimetres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5432978" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5432978/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="567">Fig. 15A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The CPP is distinctly pentagonal, overlapping the rounded pentagonal RPPs. The TP is strong, hollow, tapering and ending in short thorns. At the disc edge, between the ASs, the OSs can be seen, the M with a protruding cone ending in the hydropore. The tooth is wide and flat, triangular. The oral plate bears a wide low BS (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1D98A695FFDAFFE46352839EFE7FF967" box="[317,414,1727,1749]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="25.[162,240,1392,1411]" captionTargetBox="[166,1436,195,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-288@25.[166,1437,195,1360]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 15. Ophiopus arcticus postlarval development. A, B, 0.7 mm dd postlarva; A, dorsal, note the projecting madreporite; B, ventral, note the wide flat tooth (T); C, D, 0.9 mm dd postlarva; C, dorsal; D, ventral (a stray arm spine lies on a jaw); E, F, 1.3 mm dd postlarva; E, dorsal, note k-plate (k) and first inter-radials (IR1); F, ventral, note the second mouth papillae (MP2) on the dental plate; G, H, 1.4 mm dd postlarvae; G, dorsal, note the secondary inter-radial plates (SIR); H, ventral. Abbreviations: as in Figs 1–3, 5. Scale bars in millimetres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5432978" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5432978/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="567">Fig. 15B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The ASS is wide and flat triangular, pairs pointing towards each other, not visible from above. The TPo on the arm bears a conical pointed scale. The first VAP is elongated pentagonal, with proximal angle, concave lateral edges and straight distal edge.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="851CBA10FFDAFFE461508033FB74F9AE" blockId="24.[806,1422,1298,1902]" pageId="24" pageNumber="567">
|
||
At
|
||
<quantity id="425B17F5FFDAFFE4610D8033FC56FA95" box="[866,951,1298,1319]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="567" unit="mm" value="0.9">0.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
dd and three arm segments, the RSs are just visible above the arm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1D98A695FFDAFFE466308011FB20FAF4" box="[1119,1217,1328,1350]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="25.[162,240,1392,1411]" captionTargetBox="[166,1436,195,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-288@25.[166,1437,195,1360]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 15. Ophiopus arcticus postlarval development. A, B, 0.7 mm dd postlarva; A, dorsal, note the projecting madreporite; B, ventral, note the wide flat tooth (T); C, D, 0.9 mm dd postlarva; C, dorsal; D, ventral (a stray arm spine lies on a jaw); E, F, 1.3 mm dd postlarva; E, dorsal, note k-plate (k) and first inter-radials (IR1); F, ventral, note the second mouth papillae (MP2) on the dental plate; G, H, 1.4 mm dd postlarvae; G, dorsal, note the secondary inter-radial plates (SIR); H, ventral. Abbreviations: as in Figs 1–3, 5. Scale bars in millimetres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5432978" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5432978/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="567">Fig. 15C</figureCitation>
|
||
). The DAP on the first two segments is rounded triangular, longer than wide with slightly convex distal edge. The OSs are triangular, wider than long, still close to the disc edge, separated from the first VAP by the ASs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1D98A695FFDAFFE46771808AFA60FA73" box="[1310,1409,1451,1473]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="25.[162,240,1392,1411]" captionTargetBox="[166,1436,195,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-288@25.[166,1437,195,1360]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 15. Ophiopus arcticus postlarval development. A, B, 0.7 mm dd postlarva; A, dorsal, note the projecting madreporite; B, ventral, note the wide flat tooth (T); C, D, 0.9 mm dd postlarva; C, dorsal; D, ventral (a stray arm spine lies on a jaw); E, F, 1.3 mm dd postlarva; E, dorsal, note k-plate (k) and first inter-radials (IR1); F, ventral, note the second mouth papillae (MP2) on the dental plate; G, H, 1.4 mm dd postlarvae; G, dorsal, note the secondary inter-radial plates (SIR); H, ventral. Abbreviations: as in Figs 1–3, 5. Scale bars in millimetres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5432978" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5432978/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="567">Fig. 15D</figureCitation>
|
||
). The base of the flat ASS is almost as wide as the spine is long. The second and following VAPs are of similar size and shape as the first VAP.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="851CBA10FFDAFFE461508307FC7AF904" blockId="24.[806,1422,1298,1902]" pageId="24" pageNumber="567">
|
||
At
|
||
<quantity id="425B17F5FFDAFFE4610E8307FC56F989" box="[865,951,1574,1595]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="24" pageNumber="567" unit="mm" value="1.3">1.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
dd, the IR1 have formed below the RPPs and the IR2 at the disc edge, and the k-plate is present (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1D98A695FFDAFFE461418342FC6EF9CB" box="[814,911,1635,1657]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="25.[162,240,1392,1411]" captionTargetBox="[166,1436,195,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-288@25.[166,1437,195,1360]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 15. Ophiopus arcticus postlarval development. A, B, 0.7 mm dd postlarva; A, dorsal, note the projecting madreporite; B, ventral, note the wide flat tooth (T); C, D, 0.9 mm dd postlarva; C, dorsal; D, ventral (a stray arm spine lies on a jaw); E, F, 1.3 mm dd postlarva; E, dorsal, note k-plate (k) and first inter-radials (IR1); F, ventral, note the second mouth papillae (MP2) on the dental plate; G, H, 1.4 mm dd postlarvae; G, dorsal, note the secondary inter-radial plates (SIR); H, ventral. Abbreviations: as in Figs 1–3, 5. Scale bars in millimetres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5432978" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5432978/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="567">Fig. 15E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Additional inter-radial scales are forming next to the IR1. The MP2 has formed on the DP (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1D98A695FFDAFFE461418381FC6FF904" box="[814,910,1696,1718]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="25.[162,240,1392,1411]" captionTargetBox="[166,1436,195,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-288@25.[166,1437,195,1360]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 15. Ophiopus arcticus postlarval development. A, B, 0.7 mm dd postlarva; A, dorsal, note the projecting madreporite; B, ventral, note the wide flat tooth (T); C, D, 0.9 mm dd postlarva; C, dorsal; D, ventral (a stray arm spine lies on a jaw); E, F, 1.3 mm dd postlarva; E, dorsal, note k-plate (k) and first inter-radials (IR1); F, ventral, note the second mouth papillae (MP2) on the dental plate; G, H, 1.4 mm dd postlarvae; G, dorsal, note the secondary inter-radial plates (SIR); H, ventral. Abbreviations: as in Figs 1–3, 5. Scale bars in millimetres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5432978" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5432978/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="567">Fig. 15F</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="851CBA10FFDAFFE56150839EFE60F883" blockId="24.[806,1422,1298,1902]" lastBlockId="25.[162,778,1604,1902]" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="568" pageId="24" pageNumber="567">
|
||
At
|
||
<quantity id="425B17F5FFDAFFE4610C839EFC58F967" box="[867,953,1727,1749]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="24" pageNumber="567" unit="mm" value="1.4">1.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
dd, triangular SIRs have formed at the edge of the now round CPP (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1D98A695FFDAFFE4660B83FFFB26F946" box="[1124,1223,1758,1780]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="25.[162,240,1392,1411]" captionTargetBox="[166,1436,195,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-288@25.[166,1437,195,1360]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 15. Ophiopus arcticus postlarval development. A, B, 0.7 mm dd postlarva; A, dorsal, note the projecting madreporite; B, ventral, note the wide flat tooth (T); C, D, 0.9 mm dd postlarva; C, dorsal; D, ventral (a stray arm spine lies on a jaw); E, F, 1.3 mm dd postlarva; E, dorsal, note k-plate (k) and first inter-radials (IR1); F, ventral, note the second mouth papillae (MP2) on the dental plate; G, H, 1.4 mm dd postlarvae; G, dorsal, note the secondary inter-radial plates (SIR); H, ventral. Abbreviations: as in Figs 1–3, 5. Scale bars in millimetres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5432978" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5432978/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="567">Fig. 15G</figureCitation>
|
||
). The first DAP is smaller than the following plates, its proximal part covered by the RSs. There are three conical arm spines, about half a segment long. A small round MP3 has formed on the oral plate proximal to the BS (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1D98A695FFDBFFE562C58365FEEFF9E8" box="[170,270,1604,1626]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="25.[162,240,1392,1411]" captionTargetBox="[166,1436,195,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-288@25.[166,1437,195,1360]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 15. Ophiopus arcticus postlarval development. A, B, 0.7 mm dd postlarva; A, dorsal, note the projecting madreporite; B, ventral, note the wide flat tooth (T); C, D, 0.9 mm dd postlarva; C, dorsal; D, ventral (a stray arm spine lies on a jaw); E, F, 1.3 mm dd postlarva; E, dorsal, note k-plate (k) and first inter-radials (IR1); F, ventral, note the second mouth papillae (MP2) on the dental plate; G, H, 1.4 mm dd postlarvae; G, dorsal, note the secondary inter-radial plates (SIR); H, ventral. Abbreviations: as in Figs 1–3, 5. Scale bars in millimetres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5432978" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5432978/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="568">Fig. 15H</figureCitation>
|
||
). The MP on the DP have moved closer together. The ASS has transformed into a round scale close to the mouth slit. The ventral disc is formed by small round overlapping plates. The OS is teardropshaped, still separated from the arm by the long narrow ASs. There is no bursal slit. Each TPo bears a single round scale. From about
|
||
<quantity id="425B17F5FFDBFFE5605F83DDFD90F8A0" box="[560,625,1788,1810]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="568" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
dd, keys to adults can be used.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="D1DCEA98FFDBFFE562CD8051FC28FA4A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5432978" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5432978" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5432978/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="568" startId="25.[162,240,1392,1411]" targetBox="[166,1436,195,1360]" targetPageId="25">
|
||
<paragraph id="851CBA10FFDBFFE562CD8051FC28FA4A" blockId="25.[162,1442,1392,1529]" pageId="25" pageNumber="568">
|
||
<emphasis id="B7D76602FFDBFFE562CD8051FEF6FA31" bold="true" box="[162,279,1392,1411]" pageId="25" pageNumber="568">Figure 15.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="42A3C193FFDBFFE5634C8051FE08FA31" authorityName="LJUNGMAN" authorityYear="1867" box="[291,489,1392,1411]" class="Ophiuroidea" genus="Ophiopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphilepidida" pageId="25" pageNumber="568" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="arcticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B7D76602FFDBFFE5634C8051FE08FA31" box="[291,489,1392,1411]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="568">Ophiopus arcticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
postlarval development. A, B, 0.7 mm dd postlarva; A, dorsal, note the projecting madreporite; B, ventral, note the wide flat tooth (T); C, D, 0.9 mm dd postlarva; C, dorsal; D, ventral (a stray arm spine lies on a jaw); E, F, 1.3 mm dd postlarva; E, dorsal, note k-plate (k) and first inter-radials (IR1); F, ventral, note the second mouth papillae (MP2) on the dental plate; G, H, 1.4 mm dd postlarvae; G, dorsal, note the secondary inter-radial plates (SIR); H, ventral.
|
||
<emphasis id="B7D76602FFDBFFE5633080C4FE17FA4A" box="[351,502,1509,1528]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="568">Abbreviations:</emphasis>
|
||
as in Figs 1–3, 5. Scale bars in millimetres.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="851CBA10FFDBFFE562D4821BFC65F92A" blockId="25.[162,778,1604,1902]" lastBlockId="25.[826,1442,1604,1688]" pageId="25" pageNumber="568">In adults (not figured), the ASS has grown into a large round scale and becomes part of the row of MP, and the BS forms a leaf-like pointed papilla. Numerous small scales cover the dorsal disc; the CPP is much larger.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="851CBA10FFDBFFE56155839EFC26F8DC" blockId="25.[826,1442,1727,1902]" pageId="25" pageNumber="568">
|
||
<emphasis id="B7D76602FFDBFFE56155839EFC7EF966" box="[826,927,1727,1748]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="568">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
: The small postlarvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="42A3C193FFDBFFE566BE839EFAABF967" authorityName="LJUNGMAN" authorityYear="1867" box="[1233,1354,1727,1749]" class="Ophiuroidea" genus="Ophiopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphilepidida" pageId="25" pageNumber="568" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="arcticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B7D76602FFDBFFE566BE839EFAABF967" box="[1233,1354,1727,1749]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="568">O. arcticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have a compact appearance with distinctly straight plate edges. The order of appearance of the IR1 and IR2 is opposite to that in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="42A3C193FFDBFFE5665E823AFB73F882" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1801" box="[1073,1170,1819,1840]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiuridae" genus="Ophiura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="25" pageNumber="568" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B7D76602FFDBFFE5665E823AFB73F882" box="[1073,1170,1819,1840]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="568">Ophiura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="42A3C193FFDBFFE5670E823AFC71F8FD" authorityName="Danielssen & Koren" authorityYear="1877" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiopyrgidae" genus="Ophiopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="25" pageNumber="568" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B7D76602FFDBFFE5670E823AFC71F8FD" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="568">Ophiopleura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The shape of the tooth is similar to small
|
||
<taxonomicName id="42A3C193FFDBFFE561558278FC21F8DF" baseAuthorityName="O. F. Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1776" box="[826,960,1880,1902]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Amphiuridae" genus="Amphiura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphilepidida" pageId="25" pageNumber="568" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="filiformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B7D76602FFDBFFE561558278FC21F8DF" box="[826,960,1880,1902]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="568">A. filiformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="851CBA10FFD8FFE662A585E3FD5BFF68" blockId="26.[202,698,194,314]" box="[202,698,194,218]" pageId="26" pageNumber="569">
|
||
FAMILY
|
||
<taxonomicName id="42A3C193FFD8FFE6634785E3FD5BFF68" authority="LJUNGMAN, 1867" authorityName="LJUNGMAN" authorityYear="1867" box="[296,698,194,218]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiothricidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="26" pageNumber="569" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">OPHIOTHRICIDAE LJUNGMAN, 1867</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |