195 lines
19 KiB
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195 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.966.55192" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4a0f1338-3873-4a8f-affd-5ba3e335ade7" ID-PMC="PMC7494662" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-966-57" ID-Pensoft-UUID="9E8EAAF1A28A5D6BA36B2D363A1BA200" ID-PubMed="32982546" ID-ZooBank="B18DEB582C8F4F95B7EF3BECC9F4D4B7" ModsDocID="1313-2970-966-57" checkinTime="1599731061580" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Runyon, Justin B." docDate="2020" docId="85D746008C4258D69DEC52CE50A84A95" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 966: 57-151" docOrigin="ZooKeys 966" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.966.55192" docTitle="Systenus ladonnae sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="9E8EAAF1A28A5D6BA36B2D363A1BA200" lastPageNumber="57" masterDocId="9E8EAAF1A28A5D6BA36B2D363A1BA200" masterDocTitle="The Dolichopodidae (Diptera) of Montserrat, West Indies" masterLastPageNumber="151" masterPageNumber="57" pageNumber="57" updateTime="1668169452387" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The Dolichopodidae (Diptera) of Montserrat, West Indies</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Runyon, Justin B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Rocky Mountain Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 1648 S. 7 th Avenue, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA & Montana Entomology Collection, Montana State University, Room 50 Marsh Laboratory, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0271-0511</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">jrunyon@montana.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>966</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>57</mods:start>
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<mods:end>151</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.966.55192</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.966.55192</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-966-57</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">B18DEB582C8F4F95B7EF3BECC9F4D4B7</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">9E8EAAF1A28A5D6BA36B2D363A1BA200</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="167581832" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:20575311-14CB-4EC6-A3E8-7F1BE369715F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/85D746008C4258D69DEC52CE50A84A95" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="57" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
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<taxonomicName LSID="85D74600-8C42-58D6-9DEC-52CE50A84A95" authority="sp. nov." class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Systenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Systenus ladonnae" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ladonnae">Systenus ladonnae sp. nov.</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Systenus ladonnae sp. nov. A habitus of male holotype, left lateral B male wing, dorsal C male antenna, left lateral D female antenna, left lateral. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A, B), 0.5 mm (C, D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.966.55192.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/450938" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Figs 14</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Systenus ladonnae sp. nov. male terminalia, left lateral. Abbreviations: epand-epandrium; hypand-hypandrium; T-tergite; S-sernite. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.966.55192.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/450939" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">, 15</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="57" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Holotype</emphasis>
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, ♂ labelled: "MONTSERRAT: Cassava/ Ghaut, Beattie House/
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<geoCoordinate degrees="16" direction="north" minutes="45.91" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="16.765167">16°45.91'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="62" direction="west" minutes="12.95" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-62.21583">62°12.95W</geoCoordinate>
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/ 04-23MAR2002, 632 ft./ A. Krakower, Malaise" "HOLOTYPE/ ♂
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Systenus</emphasis>
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/
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">ladonnae</emphasis>
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/ Runyon [red label]" (USNM, type number USNMENT01350610).
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Paratypes</emphasis>
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:
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Dominica</emphasis>
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: 1 ♀, Cabrits National Park, East Cabrits Trail, 15.58564N, 61.47210W, Malaise, 30 May-7 June 2011, M.A. & L.L. Ivie.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Montserrat</emphasis>
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: 1 ♂, same data as holotype, 23 March-3 April 2002, uv light, K.A. Marske; 1 ♂, Hill above Hope Ghaut,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="16" direction="north" minutes="45.17" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="16.752832">16°45.17'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="62" direction="west" minutes="12.74" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-62.212334">62°12.74'W</geoCoordinate>
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, canopy fogging at dawn, 4 December 2002, 1,051 ft, J. Boatswain & J. Martin.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Nevis</emphasis>
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: 1 ♂,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Lover’s">Lover's</normalizedToken>
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Beach, 17.20451N, 62.60577W, 21 March 2017, Malaise, W. Smithen; 1 ♀, same as previous, 26 April 2017.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">St. Kitts</emphasis>
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: 1 ♀, Dos
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<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Ane">d'Ane</normalizedToken>
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Pond Trail,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="17" direction="north" minutes="20.049" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="17.33415">17°20.049'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="62" direction="west" minutes="48.012" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-62.8002">62°48.012'W</geoCoordinate>
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, Malaise, 31 July-12 August 2017 (MTEC, USNM).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Description. Male</emphasis>
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(Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Systenus ladonnae sp. nov. A habitus of male holotype, left lateral B male wing, dorsal C male antenna, left lateral D female antenna, left lateral. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A, B), 0.5 mm (C, D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.966.55192.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/450938" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">14A-C</figureCitation>
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). Body length 2.9 mm, wing length 2.6
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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width 0.9 mm.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Head</emphasis>
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: Face narrowed below but eyes distinctly separated (ca. five ommatidia wide at narrowest point); face and frons dark metallic green with some violet reflections, covered with thick grayish pruinosity. Palpus yellow with short black setae and one larger seta near apex. Proboscis yellow, keel-like, projecting anteriorly. Antenna (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Systenus ladonnae sp. nov. A habitus of male holotype, left lateral B male wing, dorsal C male antenna, left lateral D female antenna, left lateral. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A, B), 0.5 mm (C, D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.966.55192.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/450938" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">14C</figureCitation>
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) with scape and pedicel yellowish, scape without dorsal setae; first flagellomere yellow on approximately basal third below, otherwise brown, subrectangular basally and abruptly narrowed to elongate tapering point in distal half, covered with short thick pubescence; arista-like stylus apical, short, length subequal to basal width of first flagellomere. Postcranium dorsally concave. Postocular setae in a single row, wholly white.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Thorax</emphasis>
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: Scutum dark metallic green with a bronze stripe between acrostichal setae, covered with rather dense light gray pruinosity; posterior mesonotum distinctly flattened; ca. 12 pairs of biseriate acrostichal setae; six strong dorsocentral setae; scutellum with two pairs of large marginal setae, lateral pair smaller. Pleuron wholly green with dense light grey pruinosity; proepisternum with one strong ventrally projecting white seta above base of coxa I.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Legs</emphasis>
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: Coxa I yellow with approximately basal half brown, with yellow setae on anterior surface, those near apex large; coxa II dark brown with yellow anterior setae, without lateral seta; coxa III dark brown with apex becoming yellow, with large yellow ad seta near 1/2. Remainder of legs yellow, except distal tarsomeres brownish. Femora lacking anterior preapical setae; femora II and III with ventral surface appearing fuzzy due to very short yellow microsetulae. Tibiae I and II covered with short ivory-colored vestiture; tibia I bare of major setae; tibia II with black dorsal and ad seta near 1/5, with two black apical setae anteriorly, remainder of apical setae very short; tibia III with 4-5 pd setae scattered along length. Tarsus III covered in short, stiff setulae which are longest ventrally (length subequal to width of tarsomeres). Ratios of tibia:tarsomeres: leg I: 18-8-5-3-2-2; leg II: 22-12-8-5-3-2; leg III: 26-5-12-6-4-3.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Wing</emphasis>
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(Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Systenus ladonnae sp. nov. A habitus of male holotype, left lateral B male wing, dorsal C male antenna, left lateral D female antenna, left lateral. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A, B), 0.5 mm (C, D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.966.55192.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/450938" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">14B</figureCitation>
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): Hyaline, but with apical brown maculation between R4+5 and M1 that is immediately preceded by a similar-sized white spot with white microtrichia; vein R4+5 nearly straight then bent posteriorly near apex; vein M1 bowed beyond crossvein dm-cu so that veins R4+5 and M1 diverge and then converge near apex. Calypter yellow with fan of yellow-brown setae. Halter pale yellow.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Abdomen</emphasis>
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: Metallic green with bronze reflections and dusting of gray pruinosity; posterior margin of tergite I with row of long brown to black setae, tergites otherwise covered with short brown to black setae. Sternites II-VI membranous or only weakly sclerotized, somewhat recessed; sternite VIII forming a setose cap-like cover over hypopygial foramen. Hypopygium (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Systenus ladonnae sp. nov. male terminalia, left lateral. Abbreviations: epand-epandrium; hypand-hypandrium; T-tergite; S-sernite. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.966.55192.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/450939" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">15</figureCitation>
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) on an elongate narrow peduncle formed by tergite and sternite VII that are separated by partially sclerotized pleural membrane, sternite VII glabrous, tergite VII setose. Hypopygial foramen left lateral near base. Epandrium dark brown, a little longer than wide. Surstylus yellow, antler-shaped, with rather large dorsal lobe before 1/2, small setae-bearing ventral lobe near 1/2, and long, slender finger-like apical lobe. Cercus yellow, with rounded swollen base, elongate and digitiform distally with many yellow setae. Phallus simple, rather broad throughout and narrowed near apex, arching dorsally on apical half. Hypandrium somewhat wishbone-shaped in ventral view, up curved distally in lateral view, attached to epandrium by a membrane.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Female.</emphasis>
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Body length 2.7-3.0 mm, wing length 2.5-2.6
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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width 0.9-1.0 mm. Similar to male, but face wider (width slightly less than width of first flagellomere); antenna (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Systenus ladonnae sp. nov. A habitus of male holotype, left lateral B male wing, dorsal C male antenna, left lateral D female antenna, left lateral. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A, B), 0.5 mm (C, D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.966.55192.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/450938" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">14D</figureCitation>
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) shorter, ovoid with pointed apex; arista-like stylus longer than first flagellomere; wing without maculation, but some specimens with hint of brown clouding at and just behind apex of R4+5.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="57" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">This species is named in honor of LaDonna Ivie (Bozeman, MT) whose hard work and expertise made the Montserrat biodiversity project possible. She ran many traps on Montserrat and the Malaise trap on Dominica that collected the only known specimen of this genus/species from that island.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="57" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Dominica, Montserrat, Nevis, St. Kitts.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="57" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
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This is the first report of the genus
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Systenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Systenus" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Systenus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in the Lesser Antilles and is the 23rd species described from the New World.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Systenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Systenus ladonnae" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ladonnae">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Systenus ladonnae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is similar to
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. maculipennis" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rank="species" species="maculipennis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">S. maculipennis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Bickel from Costa Rica (Bickel, 2015), but
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. maculipennis" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rank="species" species="maculipennis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">S. maculipennis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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differs most notably in the shape of the wing apex (wing membrane is reduced posteriad of distal vein M in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. maculipennis" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rank="species" species="maculipennis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">S. maculipennis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) and in lacking a white spot on wing.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Systenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Systenus ladonnae" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ladonnae">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Systenus ladonnae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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also resembles the Nearctic
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. apicalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rank="species" species="apicalis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">S. apicalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Wirth which also has a white and black spot near wing apex, but in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. apicalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rank="species" species="apicalis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">S. apicalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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the white spot is apical to the brown spot.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Specimens were collected in dry forests near the coast and low elevation mesic forests.</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.966.55192.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/450938" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" start="Figure 14" startId="F14">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Figure 14.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Systenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Systenus ladonnae" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ladonnae">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Systenus ladonnae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">A</emphasis>
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habitus of male holotype, left lateral
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">B</emphasis>
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male wing, dorsal
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">C</emphasis>
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male antenna, left lateral
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">D</emphasis>
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female antenna, left lateral. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">A, B</emphasis>
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), 0.5 mm (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">C, D</emphasis>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.966.55192.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/450939" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" start="Figure 15" startId="F15">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Figure 15.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Systenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Systenus ladonnae" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ladonnae">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Systenus ladonnae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. male terminalia, left lateral. Abbreviations: epand-epandrium; hypand-hypandrium; T-tergite; S-sernite. Scale bar: 0.5 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |