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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1095.74308" ID-GBIF-Dataset="eeb2988b-5636-4f01-8326-fbc13d2f72f6" ID-PMC="PMC9023430" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1095-165" ID-Pensoft-UUID="1C312D18C4645F27B576074493531FBD" ID-PubMed="35836685" ID-ZooBank="5277C150DFFF4CB49B7ACCB8006DDCAC" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1095-165" checkinTime="1650025615311" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Falcon-Brindis, Armando, Leon-Cortes, Jorge L., Mancilla-Brindis, Ruben F., Estrada-Virgen, Mario Orlando &amp; Cambero-Campos, Octavio J." docDate="2022" docId="88CE9D0EE3555256AF7A7AF0DF8FF3B7" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1095: 165-177" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1095" docPubDate="2022-04-14" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1095.74308" docTitle="Pseudophanerotoma huichol Falcon-Brindis 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="DB6DDDDA-E2C6-4DD6-9BCB-438870114206" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" id="1C312D18C4645F27B576074493531FBD" lastPageNumber="165" masterDocId="1C312D18C4645F27B576074493531FBD" masterDocTitle="A new species of Pseudophanerotoma (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) from Nayarit, Mexico" masterLastPageNumber="177" masterPageNumber="165" pageNumber="165" updateTime="1668151666991" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A new species of Pseudophanerotoma (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) from Nayarit, Mexico</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Falcon-Brindis, Armando</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2496-2178</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Departamento de Conservacion de La Biodiversidad, El Colegio de La Frontera Sur, Maria Carretera Panamericana y Periferico Sur, CP 29290, San Cristobal de Las Casas, Chiapas, Mexico &amp; Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky Research and Education Center, 348 University Drive, Princeton, KY 42445, USA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">armandofalcon123@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Leon-Cortes, Jorge L.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Departamento de Conservacion de La Biodiversidad, El Colegio de La Frontera Sur, Maria Carretera Panamericana y Periferico Sur, CP 29290, San Cristobal de Las Casas, Chiapas, Mexico</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">jleon@ecosur.mx</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Mancilla-Brindis, Ruben F.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Posgrado en Ciencias Biologico Agropecuarias, Unidad Academica de Agricultura, Universidad Autonoma de Nayarit, Carretera Tepic-Compostela Km 9, CP 63155, Xalisco, Nayarit, Mexico</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Estrada-Virgen, Mario Orlando</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Posgrado en Ciencias Biologico Agropecuarias, Unidad Academica de Agricultura, Universidad Autonoma de Nayarit, Carretera Tepic-Compostela Km 9, CP 63155, Xalisco, Nayarit, Mexico</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Cambero-Campos, Octavio J.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Posgrado en Ciencias Biologico Agropecuarias, Unidad Academica de Agricultura, Universidad Autonoma de Nayarit, Carretera Tepic-Compostela Km 9, CP 63155, Xalisco, Nayarit, Mexico</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2022-04-14</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>1095</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>165</mods:start>
<mods:end>177</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1095.74308</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1095.74308</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1095-165</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">5277C150DFFF4CB49B7ACCB8006DDCAC</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">1C312D18C4645F27B576074493531FBD</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="194619833" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:DB6DDDDA-E2C6-4DD6-9BCB-438870114206" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/88CE9D0EE3555256AF7A7AF0DF8FF3B7" lastPageNumber="165" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="165" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/DB6DDDDA-E2C6-4DD6-9BCB-438870114206" authority="Falcón-Brindis" authorityName="Falcon-Brindis" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Pseudophanerotoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudophanerotoma huichol" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="huichol" status="sp. nov.">
Pseudophanerotoma huichol
<normalizedToken originalValue="Falcón-Brindis">Falcon-Brindis</normalizedToken>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="165">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="165" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="165">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Falcon-Brindis" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Pseudophanerotoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudophanerotoma huichol" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="huichol">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">Pseudophanerotoma huichol</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. can be distinguished from the other species by the unicolorous head, meso, and metasoma, except for the dark brownish integument on the apical half of hind femora and a small spot on the mesopleuron (sometimes absent in males); antenna with 52 antennomeres in females and 46 antennomeres in males, occipital carina complete.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="165" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="165">Description (female).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
Body length 5.5 mm; ratio of length of fore wing to body 0.8; ratio of metasoma to mesosoma 1.2 (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Pseudophanerotoma huichol sp. nov., female A head frontal B lateral habitus C dorsal view of meso and metasoma. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1095.74308.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/672567" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">1A-C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1095.74308.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/672567" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">Figure 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Falcon-Brindis" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Pseudophanerotoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudophanerotoma huichol" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="huichol">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">Pseudophanerotoma huichol</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., female
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">A</emphasis>
head frontal
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">B</emphasis>
lateral habitus
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">C</emphasis>
dorsal view of meso and metasoma. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">Head</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Antenna with 52 antennomeres; ratio of width of face to its height in frontal view 1.4; ratio of width of clypeus to its height 1.8; ratio of length of third antennomere to width 3.7; ratio of length of fourth antennomere to width 3.0; ratio of length of penultimate antennomere to width 1.3; malar space to base of mandible 0.3 mm. Clypeus convex and sparsely punctate with two teeth; face straight in lateral view, punctate; frons and vertex densely punctate; ratio of LOL:POL:OOL 0.1:0.1:0.1:0.4.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">Mesosoma</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Mesoscutum shiny and densely punctate, mid mesoscutal area coarsely sculptured; notauli present; mesopleuron punctures shallow and less dense; scutellar sulcus present, with coarse pits; mesoscutellum convex and punctate; propodeum areolate; propodeal tubercles absent; ratio of mesosoma height to its length 0.6; ratio of hind tibia to hind tarsus 2.1; ratio of length to width of hind coxa 2.0; ratio of length to width of hind femur 5.2; ratio of length to width of hind tibia 7.5; ratio of length to width of hind tarsus 6.2; ratio of length of fore wing to body 0.8; fore wing length 4.2 mm; 1RS present; M curved; RS+M spectral (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Pseudophanerotoma huichol sp. nov., fore wing. Scale bar: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1095.74308.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/672568" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">2</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1095.74308.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/672568" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">Figure 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Falcon-Brindis" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Pseudophanerotoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudophanerotoma huichol" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="huichol">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">Pseudophanerotoma huichol</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., fore wing. Scale bar: 1.0 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">Metasoma</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Oval in dorsal view; sculpture striate throughout; ratio of metasomal width to length 0.6; ratio of length of the three metasomal tergites 0.7:0.7:0.8.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">Color</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Scape, head, meso and metasoma ferruginous; antennomeres and legs pale orange to yellowish; dark brown integument on tegula, a small spot on the top of mesopleuron (below the tegula) and apical half of hind femora. Wings hyaline with greenish-purplish reflections, wing venation brown to dark brown; parastigma and pterostigma dark brown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="165" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="165">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
Holotype and paratypes specimens are pinned and deposited in ECO-SC-E.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">Holotype</emphasis>
: Mexico: ♀, Lo de Lamedo, Tepic, Nayarit
<geoCoordinate degrees="21.54222" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="21.54222">21.54222</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="104.92833" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-104.92833">-104.92833</geoCoordinate>
; 880 m elev., 10 Oct. 2020;
<geoCoordinate degrees="21.53388" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="21.53388">21.53388</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="104.93722" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-104.93722">-104.93722</geoCoordinate>
; 860 m elev., 04 Sep. 2020; R.F. Mancilla-Brindis leg. Holotype voucher code 69271.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">Paratypes</emphasis>
: 6 ♀: 69272, 69273, 69274, 69275, 69276, 69277; 5 ♂: 69278, 69279, 69280, 69281, 69282.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="165" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="165">Description (male).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
Antenna with 46 antennomeres. Body length 5.2 mm; ratio of length of fore wing to body 0.8; ratio of length of metasoma to mesosoma 1.2 (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Pseudophanerotoma huichol sp. nov., male A head frontal B lateral habitus C dorsal view of meso and metasoma. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1095.74308.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/672569" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">3A-C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1095.74308.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/672569" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">Figure 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Falcon-Brindis" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Pseudophanerotoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudophanerotoma huichol" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="huichol">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">Pseudophanerotoma huichol</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., male
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">A</emphasis>
head frontal
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">B</emphasis>
lateral habitus
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">C</emphasis>
dorsal view of meso and metasoma. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">Head</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Antenna with 46 antennomeres; ratio of width of face to its height in frontal view 1.2; ratio of width of clypeus to its height 2.0; ratio of length of third antennomere to width 4.5; ratio of length of fourth antennomere to width 3.6; ratio of length of penultimate antennomere to width 1.9; malar space to base of mandible 0.3 mm. Clypeus convex and sparsely punctate with two teeth; face straight in lateral view, punctate; frons and vertex densely punctate; ratio of LOL:POL:OOL 0.1:0.1:0.1:0.3.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">Mesosoma</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Same sculpture patterns as in female; ratio of mesosoma height to its length 0.7; ratio of hind tibia to hind tarsus 1.9; ratio of length to width of hind coxa 2.1; ratio of length to width of hind femur 4.4; ratio of length to width of hind tibia 5.3; ratio of length to width of hind tarsus 5.8; ratio of length of fore wing to body 0.8; fore wing length 4.1 mm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">Metasoma</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Oval in dorsal view; sculpture striate throughout; ratio of metasomal width to length 0.6; ratio of length of the three metasomal tergites 0.6:0.6:0.8.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">Color</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
In general, male is paler than female; scape, head, meso and metasoma light orange; antennomeres and legs pale yellow to beige; dark brown integument on tegula and apical half of hind femora. Wings the same color pattern as in female.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="165" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="165">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="165">This species differs from all the other congeners by having a large number of antennomeres in both sexes: 52 and 46 antennomeres in females and males respectively.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="165" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="165">Biology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
Parasitoid of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gilligan &amp; Brown" authorityYear="2011" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Cryptaspasma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptaspasma perseana" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perseana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">Cryptaspasma perseana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a tortricid pest of avocado documented in Hidalgo,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Michoacán">Michoacan</normalizedToken>
, and Nayarit, Mexico (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3958/059.044.0328" author="Mancilla-Brindis, RF" journalOrPublisher="Southwestern Entomologist" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" pagination="799 - 802" refId="B22" refString="Mancilla-Brindis, RF, De Dios-Avila, N, Cambero-Campos, OJ, Rios, VC, Luna-Esquivel, G, Isiordia-Aquino, N, Estrada-Virgen, O, 2019. Primer registro de Cryptapasma perseana en Nayarit, Mexico. Southwestern Entomologist 44 (3): 799 - 802, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3958/059.044.0328" title="Primer registro de Cryptapasma perseana en Nayarit, Mexico." url="https://doi.org/10.3958/059.044.0328" volume="44" year="2019">Mancilla-Brindis et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="165" type="sequence data">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="165">Sequence data.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="165">GenBank accession number for this species is COIMZ501206.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="165" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="165">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="165">The species is named in honor to the Huichol culture from Nayarit, Mexico.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
According to the phylogenetic analysis for the barcoded
<taxonomicName authorityName="Zettel" authorityYear="1990" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Pseudophanerotoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudophanerotoma" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">Pseudophanerotoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Bootstrap consensus tree of Pseudophanerotoma species. Five species are missing due to the lack of sequence information. The percentage of replicate trees in which the associated taxa clustered together in the bootstrap test are shown next to the branches. The lower clade has a weak bootstrap support." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1095.74308.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/672570" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">4</figureCitation>
), the closest species to
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. huichol" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="huichol">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">P. huichol</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. was
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. alejandromarini" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alejandromarini">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">P. alejandromarini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Sharkey, 2021 (90%), both being sister species of
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. paranaensis" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paranaensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">P. paranaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Costa Lima, 1956 (100%). The results from the evolutionary distance analysis showed that
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. alexsmithi" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alexsmithi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">P. alexsmithi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. austini" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="austini">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">P. austini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are the closest species (0.0051), followed by
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. huichol" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="huichol">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">P. huichol</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. -
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. alejandromarini" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alejandromarini">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">P. alejandromarini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(0.0133),
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. alejandromarini" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alejandromarini">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">P. alejandromarini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. paranaensis" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paranaensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">P. paranaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(0.0261). In contrast, the pairwise comparison between
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. austini" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="austini">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">P. austini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. allisonbrownae" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="allisonbrownae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">P. allisonbrownae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. alexsmithi" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alexsmithi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">P. alexsmithi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. allisonbrownae" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="allisonbrownae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">P. allisonbrownae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
revealed the largest evolutionary divergence (0.2167) (Table
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Estimates of evolutionary divergence between sequences. The number of base substitutions per site from between sequences are shown." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/BB992D81CFEF159E2C1E126D8D463468" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" tableUuid="BB992D81CFEF159E2C1E126D8D463468">1</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Table-UUID="BB992D81CFEF159E2C1E126D8D463468" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/BB992D81CFEF159E2C1E126D8D463468" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" start="Table 1" startId="T1">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">Table 1.</emphasis>
Estimates of evolutionary divergence between sequences. The number of base substitutions per site from between sequences are shown.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
<table pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
<th colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">-</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. alanflemingi" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alanflemingi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">P. alanflemingi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. albanjimenezi" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="albanjimenezi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">P. albanjimenezi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. alejandromarini" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alejandromarini">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">P. alejandromarini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. alexsmithi" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alexsmithi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">P. alexsmithi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. allisonbrownae" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="allisonbrownae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">P. allisonbrownae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. bobrobbinsi" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bobrobbinsi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">P. bobrobbinsi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. paranaensis" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paranaensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">P. paranaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. austini" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="austini">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">P. austini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. thapsina" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thapsina">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">P. thapsina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. albanjimenezi" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="albanjimenezi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">P. albanjimenezi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">0.1250</td>
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">-</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. alejandromarini" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alejandromarini">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">P. alejandromarini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">0.1188</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">0.1277</td>
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">-</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. alexsmithi" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alexsmithi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">P. alexsmithi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">0.1186</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">0.1335</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">0.1120</td>
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">-</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. allisonbrownae" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="allisonbrownae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">P. allisonbrownae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">0.1843</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">0.1943</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">0.2052</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">0.2167</td>
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">-</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. bobrobbinsi" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bobrobbinsi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">P. bobrobbinsi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">0.1442</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">0.1534</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">0.1412</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">0.1467</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">0.1663</td>
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">-</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. paranaensis" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paranaensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">P. paranaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">0.1248</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">0.1402</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">0.0261</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">0.1243</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">0.2085</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">0.1506</td>
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">-</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. austini" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="austini">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">P. austini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">0.1124</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">0.1366</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">0.1088</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">0.0051</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">0.2167</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">0.1401</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">0.1210</td>
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">-</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. thapsina" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thapsina">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">P. thapsina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">0.0450</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">0.1371</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">0.1308</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">0.1278</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">0.2086</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">0.1634</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">0.1400</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">0.1214</td>
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">-</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. huichol" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="huichol">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">P. huichol</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">0.1220</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">0.1340</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">0.0103</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">0.1119</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">0.2089</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">0.1477</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">0.0314</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">0.1119</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rowspan="1">0.1341</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1095.74308.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/672570" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">Figure 4.</emphasis>
Bootstrap consensus tree of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Zettel" authorityYear="1990" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Pseudophanerotoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudophanerotoma" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">Pseudophanerotoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species. Five species are missing due to the lack of sequence information. The percentage of replicate trees in which the associated taxa clustered together in the bootstrap test are shown next to the branches. The lower clade has a weak bootstrap support.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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