439 lines
52 KiB
XML
439 lines
52 KiB
XML
<document id="5E74EFA45DB4D45845385257EA67B93C" ID-CLB-Dataset="291980" ID-DOI="10.25674/so92iss1pp15" ID-GBIF-Dataset="02d14621-e5b0-41a6-88b4-e5186c7e6711" ID-ISSN="2509-9523" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10832216" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch,operationResults" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1709146362394" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Seifert, Bernhard" docDate="2020" docId="153287B6FD19FFE7FC8CFCD75F33FBEE" docLanguage="en" docName="SoilOrg.92.1.15-86.pdf" docOrigin="Soil Organisms 92 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.25674/so92iss1pp15" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EA2ECAC87EC21C07AB805D5B9B4601F2.2:SoilOrg.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="EA2ECAC87EC21C07AB805D5B9B4601F2" docStyleName="SoilOrg.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Lasius precursor Seifert 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="52" masterDocId="E90BFFCEFD3DFFC2FFA5FFE85A4DFFF1" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the subgenus Lasius s. str. (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)" masterLastPageNumber="86" masterPageNumber="15" pageNumber="51" updateTime="1711419707341" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:mods id="A4C0C086CC4BCA703B6FB3DD3385DBA5" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="0186E476B07CF6C5931A12CEDD38CF5C">
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<mods:title id="8ED409ABC7F65F5073B8E8CBD355972C">A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the subgenus Lasius s. str. (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="9DAB90AB6AFADE39897E962A1F30ACB9" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="9628688CB4B7C3A9E60C992E5239EB0D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="7E8B7D7D435055229DCCD7E65250F451">Seifert, Bernhard</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="4055CCEF64CD284D91D98CEE66B99573">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="E6AE66017E01AB8786F2CF71F8AA175A">Soil Organisms</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="BA0AB6F2DB8BF38063B6167A21A6395A">
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<mods:date id="D86905DA4CA42D39B7D7C184A2441B7B">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E89ACA780B85EA96A0A943FC3BAB92BA">2020-05-26</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="18F0C16E8D4F21AA9EC0677E8E04CC5E">92</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="487F60DCB373F4C2006FF369CAA1E92E">15</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="50477AF7F9F0B69E9E5F80270521BDAC">86</mods:end>
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<mods:url id="C7F56D4F7F441F501B17E17D955688EA">http://dx.doi.org/10.25674/so92iss1pp15</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="D1BE9346FD31A77B8AD709C7C9F5C378">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="0B067F6CB0617B1382E7E49E72F628F4" type="CLB-Dataset">291980</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="BCD33C62E95C8D403552E847284BD22E" type="DOI">10.25674/so92iss1pp15</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="153287B6FD19FFE7FC8CFCD75F33FBEE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10871721" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10871721" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:153287B6FD19FFE7FC8CFCD75F33FBEE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/153287B6FD19FFE7FC8CFCD75F33FBEE" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="36" pageNumber="51">
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<subSubSection id="D581652BFD19FFE6FC8CFCD75EACFCAA" box="[809,1249,831,859]" pageId="36" pageNumber="51" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="9D2436A0FD19FFE6FC8CFCD75EACFCAA" blockId="36.[809,1249,831,859]" box="[809,1249,831,859]" pageId="36" pageNumber="51">
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<heading id="C66C81CCFD19FFE6FC8CFCD75EACFCAA" bold="true" box="[809,1249,831,859]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="36" pageNumber="51" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="AFEFEAB2FD19FFE6FC8CFCD75EACFCAA" bold="true" box="[809,1249,831,859]" pageId="36" pageNumber="51">
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4.4.8
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<taxonomicName id="5A9B4D23FD19FFE6FCD8FCD75E21FCAB" authority="Seifert, 2020" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="2020" box="[893,1132,831,858]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="precursor" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="AFEFEAB2FD19FFE6FCD8FCD75E21FCAB" bold="true" box="[893,1132,831,858]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="51">Lasius precursor</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="B4DC57C9FD19FFE6FBD1FCD75EACFCAA" box="[1140,1249,831,859]" pageId="36" pageNumber="51" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D581652BFD19FFE6FC8CFC8A5E3FFBCE" pageId="36" pageNumber="51" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="9D2436A0FD19FFE6FC8CFC8A5E3FFBCE" blockId="36.[786,1399,866,1981]" pageId="36" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis id="AFEFEAB2FD19FFE6FC8CFC8A59E9FC8B" bold="true" box="[809,932,866,890]" pageId="36" pageNumber="51">Etymology</emphasis>
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. From an evolutionary perspective, colony demography and behavior this species can be considered as a precursor of the situation in
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<taxonomicName id="5A9B4D23FD19FFE6FB36FC4D591CFC2C" authority="(Seifert 2010)" baseAuthorityName="Seifert" baseAuthorityYear="2010" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neglectus">
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<emphasis id="AFEFEAB2FD19FFE6FB36FC4D5F56FC4D" box="[1171,1307,932,956]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="51">L. neglectus</emphasis>
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(Seifert 2010)
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="5A9B4D23FD19FFE6FCFFFC2E59AFFC2C" authority="Seifert, 2020" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="2020" box="[858,994,966,989]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="precursor" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="AFEFEAB2FD19FFE6FCFFFC2E59AFFC2C" box="[858,994,966,989]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="51">L. precursor</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="B4DC57C9FD19FFE6FC55FC2D5E0EFC2D" box="[1008,1091,965,988]" pageId="36" pageNumber="51" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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probably represents a rather recent split-off from
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<taxonomicName id="5A9B4D23FD19FFE6FC50FC0E5E26FC0C" authorityName="Sant SANTSCHI" authorityYear="1921" box="[1013,1131,998,1021]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turcicus">
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<emphasis id="AFEFEAB2FD19FFE6FC50FC0E5E26FC0C" box="[1013,1131,998,1021]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="51">L. turcicus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and may probably serve as a genetic model for transition from monogyny in
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<taxonomicName id="5A9B4D23FD19FFE6FAC5FBEF5927FBCE" authorityName="Sant SANTSCHI" authorityYear="1921" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turcicus">
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<emphasis id="AFEFEAB2FD19FFE6FAC5FBEF5927FBCE" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="51">L. turcicus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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to true supercoloniality.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D581652BFD19FFE6FC8CFBA05E8EF903" pageId="36" pageNumber="51" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="9D2436A0FD19FFE6FC8CFBA05F4AFAD7" blockId="36.[786,1399,866,1981]" pageId="36" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis id="AFEFEAB2FD19FFE6FC8CFBA05999FB91" bold="true" box="[809,980,1096,1120]" pageId="36" pageNumber="51">Type material</emphasis>
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.
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<typeStatus id="42208802FD19FFE6FC4EFBA05E02FB91" box="[1003,1103,1096,1120]" pageId="36" pageNumber="51" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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worker plus
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<specimenCount id="8B9DFD29FD19FFE6FB5CFBA05925FB70" count="4" pageId="36" pageNumber="51" type="worker" typeStatus="paratype">4 paratype workers</specimenCount>
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and 3 alate gynes labelled ”TUR:
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<geoCoordinate id="F8AF5067FD19FFE6FA86FB81596BFB53" degrees="39.795" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="51" precision="55" value="39.795">39.795° N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="F8AF5067FD19FFE6FC8FFB6259DDFB53" box="[810,912,1162,1186]" degrees="26.681" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="51" precision="55" value="26.681">26.681°E</geoCoordinate>
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, Üzümlü-
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<quantity id="5A639B45FD19FFE6FC5BFB635E05FB53" box="[1022,1096,1162,1189]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="36" pageNumber="51" unit="km" value="1.1">1.1 km</quantity>
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N,
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<quantity id="5A639B45FD19FFE6FBD0FB625EF6FB53" box="[1141,1211,1162,1186]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.67" pageId="36" pageNumber="51" unit="m" value="167.0">
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||
<elevation id="16B6D193FD19FFE6FBD0FB625EF6FB53" box="[1141,1211,1162,1186]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.67" pageId="36" pageNumber="51" unit="m" value="167.0">167 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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, rural grassland, leg.
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<collectorName id="306E5376FD19FFE6FCE4FB4359DFFB32" box="[833,914,1195,1219]" pageId="36" pageNumber="51">Cremer</collectorName>
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et al.
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<date id="E9251060FD19FFE6FC7CFB435E1CFB32" box="[985,1105,1195,1219]" pageId="36" pageNumber="51" value="2004-06-08">
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<collectingDate id="F961E988FD19FFE6FC7CFB435E1CFB32" box="[985,1105,1195,1219]" pageId="36" pageNumber="51" value="2004-06-08">2004.06.08</collectingDate>
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</date>
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-712“;
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<specimenCount id="8B9DFD29FD19FFE6FB06FB435F3BFB32" box="[1187,1398,1195,1220]" count="5" pageId="36" pageNumber="51" type="worker" typeStatus="paratype">5 paratype workers</specimenCount>
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plus
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<specimenCount id="8B9DFD29FD19FFE6FCF2FB2459F1FB15" box="[855,956,1228,1252]" count="2" pageId="36" pageNumber="51" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
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labelled ”TUR:
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<geoCoordinate id="F8AF5067FD19FFE6FB23FB245F4BFB15" box="[1158,1286,1228,1252]" degrees="39.795" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="51" precision="55" value="39.795">39.795° N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="F8AF5067FD19FFE6FAAFFB245F3FFB15" box="[1290,1394,1228,1252]" degrees="26.682" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="51" precision="55" value="26.682">26.682°E</geoCoordinate>
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, Üzümlü-
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<quantity id="5A639B45FD19FFE6FCD6FB0559F4FAF4" box="[883,953,1261,1287]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="36" pageNumber="51" unit="km" value="1.1">1.1 km</quantity>
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N,
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<quantity id="5A639B45FD19FFE6FC45FB055E69FAF5" box="[992,1060,1261,1285]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="36" pageNumber="51" unit="m" value="160.0">
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<elevation id="16B6D193FD19FFE6FC45FB055E69FAF5" box="[992,1060,1261,1285]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="36" pageNumber="51" unit="m" value="160.0">160 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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, rural grassland, leg.
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<collectorName id="306E5376FD19FFE6FAA9FB055F10FAF4" box="[1292,1373,1261,1285]" pageId="36" pageNumber="51">Cremer</collectorName>
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et al.
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<date id="E9251060FD19FFE6FC9FFAE659F8FAD7" box="[826,949,1294,1318]" pageId="36" pageNumber="51" value="2004-06-08">
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<collectingDate id="F961E988FD19FFE6FC9FFAE659F8FAD7" box="[826,949,1294,1318]" pageId="36" pageNumber="51" value="2004-06-08">2004.06.08</collectingDate>
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</date>
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-710“; depository
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<collectionCode id="FB8AAE65FD19FFE6FBD7FAE65EE0FAD7" box="[1138,1197,1294,1318]" pageId="36" pageNumber="51">SMN</collectionCode>
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<collectorName id="306E5376FD19FFE6FB16FAE65F4AFAD7" box="[1203,1287,1294,1318]" pageId="36" pageNumber="51">Görlitz.</collectorName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9D2436A0FD19FFE6FC8CFAC65E87FA58" blockId="36.[786,1399,866,1981]" pageId="36" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis id="AFEFEAB2FD19FFE6FC8CFAC65E57FAB7" bold="true" box="[809,1050,1326,1350]" pageId="36" pageNumber="51">All material examined</emphasis>
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. A total of 51nest samples with
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<specimenCount id="8B9DFD29FD19FFE6FAF4FAC75928FA96" count="180" pageId="36" pageNumber="51" type="worker">180 workers</specimenCount>
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from
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<collectingCountry id="E58C7630FD19FFE6FC06FAB859A0FA99" box="[931,1005,1360,1384]" name="Greece" pageId="36" pageNumber="51">Greece</collectingCountry>
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(1 sample) and 14 localities in
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<collectingCountry id="E58C7630FD19FFE6FA8BFAA75F3AFA96" box="[1326,1399,1359,1383]" name="Turkey" pageId="36" pageNumber="51">Turkey</collectingCountry>
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(50 samples) were subject to NUMOBAT investigation.
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<location id="9844607BFD19FFE6FAF6FA995F3AFA79" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:153287B6FD19FFE7FC8CFCD75F33FBEE:9844607BFD19FFE6FAF6FA995F3AFA79" box="[1363,1399,1393,1416]" country="Greece" name="For" pageId="36" pageNumber="51">For</location>
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details see supplementary information SI1.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9D2436A0FD19FFE6FC8CFA5A5E8EF903" blockId="36.[786,1399,866,1981]" pageId="36" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis id="AFEFEAB2FD19FFE6FC8CFA5A59B4FA3B" bold="true" box="[809,1017,1458,1482]" pageId="36" pageNumber="51">Geographic range</emphasis>
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.
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<location id="9844607BFD19FFE6FBADFA5A5E69FA3B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:153287B6FD19FFE7FC8CFCD75F33FBEE:9844607BFD19FFE6FBADFA5A5E69FA3B" box="[1032,1060,1458,1482]" country="Turkey" county="This" latitude="36.85" longLatPrecision="711" longitude="27.08" municipality="The" name="So" pageId="36" pageNumber="51">So</location>
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far only known from
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<collectingCountry id="E58C7630FD19FFE6FABCFA5A5F3BFA3B" box="[1305,1398,1458,1482]" name="Turkey" pageId="36" pageNumber="51">Anatolia</collectingCountry>
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between
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<geoCoordinate id="F8AF5067FD19FFE6FCD0FA3B59E4FA1A" box="[885,937,1491,1515]" degrees="26" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="51" precision="55555" value="26.0">26°E</geoCoordinate>
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and
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<geoCoordinate id="F8AF5067FD19FFE6FC44FA3B5E5EFA1A" box="[993,1043,1491,1515]" degrees="31" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="51" precision="55555" value="31.0">31°E</geoCoordinate>
|
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and the
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<location id="9844607BFD19FFE6FBD1FA3B5F45FA1B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:153287B6FD19FFE7FC8CFCD75F33FBEE:9844607BFD19FFE6FBD1FA3B5F45FA1B" box="[1140,1288,1491,1515]" country="Turkey" county="This" latitude="36.85" longLatPrecision="711" longitude="27.08" municipality="The" name="Island of Kos" pageId="36" pageNumber="51">Island of Kos</location>
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(
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<geoCoordinate id="F8AF5067FD19FFE6FAB2FA3B5F3FFA1A" box="[1303,1394,1491,1515]" degrees="36.85" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="51" precision="555" value="36.85">36.85°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="F8AF5067FD19FFE6FCB7FA1C592AF9FD" box="[786,871,1524,1548]" degrees="27.08" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="51" precision="555" value="27.08">27.08°E</geoCoordinate>
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) close to coast of
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<location id="9844607BFD19FFE6FB88FA1C5E2EF9FA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:153287B6FD19FFE7FC8CFCD75F33FBEE:9844607BFD19FFE6FB88FA1C5E2EF9FA" box="[1069,1123,1524,1547]" country="Turkey" county="This" latitude="36.85" longLatPrecision="711" longitude="27.08" municipality="The" name="West" pageId="36" pageNumber="51">West</location>
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<collectingCountry id="E58C7630FD19FFE6FBCFFA1C5E86F9FD" box="[1130,1227,1524,1548]" name="Turkey" pageId="36" pageNumber="51">Anatolia</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
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<collectingMunicipality id="7D40ACDAFD19FFE6FB73FA1C5F4DF9FD" box="[1238,1280,1524,1548]" pageId="36" pageNumber="51">The</collectingMunicipality>
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altitudinal distribution of 51 samples ranges from
|
||
<quantity id="5A639B45FD19FFE6FB65F9FD5F73F9DD" box="[1216,1342,1557,1581]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.6049999999999995" metricValueMax="11.16" metricValueMin="0.05" pageId="36" pageNumber="51" unit="m" value="560.5" valueMax="1116.0" valueMin="5.0">
|
||
<elevation id="16B6D193FD19FFE6FB65F9FD5F73F9DD" box="[1216,1342,1557,1581]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.6049999999999995" metricValueMax="11.16" metricValueMin="0.05" pageId="36" pageNumber="51" unit="m" value="560.5" valueMax="1116.0" valueMin="5.0">5 to 1116 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
with the median at
|
||
<quantity id="5A639B45FD19FFE6FC0AF9DE59B9F9BC" box="[943,1012,1590,1614]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.37" pageId="36" pageNumber="51" unit="m" value="237.0">
|
||
<elevation id="16B6D193FD19FFE6FC0AF9DE59B9F9BC" box="[943,1012,1590,1614]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.37" pageId="36" pageNumber="51" unit="m" value="237.0">237 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
and 86% of all findings below
|
||
<specimenCount id="8B9DFD29FD19FFE6FAEBF9DE5963F99F" count="400" pageId="36" pageNumber="51" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity id="5A639B45FD19FFE6FAEBF9DE5967F99F" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="36" pageNumber="51" unit="m" value="400.0">
|
||
<elevation id="16B6D193FD19FFE6FAEBF9DE5967F99F" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="36" pageNumber="51" unit="m" value="400.0">400 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
<collectingCounty id="74454E2CFD19FFE6FC9EF9BE5921F99F" box="[827,876,1622,1646]" pageId="36" pageNumber="51">This</collectingCounty>
|
||
differs significantly from the situation in 77 sympatric
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5A9B4D23FD19FFE6FC22F99059B2F97E" authorityName="Sant SANTSCHI" authorityYear="1921" box="[903,1023,1656,1679]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turcicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFEFEAB2FD19FFE6FC22F99059B2F97E" box="[903,1023,1656,1679]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="51">L. turcicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
samples with the median at
|
||
<quantity id="5A639B45FD19FFE6FAE7F99F5964F941" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.007" pageId="36" pageNumber="51" unit="m" value="1007.0">
|
||
<elevation id="16B6D193FD19FFE6FAE7F99F5964F941" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.007" pageId="36" pageNumber="51" unit="m" value="1007.0">1007 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, 74% of all samples above
|
||
<quantity id="5A639B45FD19FFE6FBEDF9705EC1F941" box="[1096,1164,1688,1712]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="36" pageNumber="51" unit="m" value="400.0">
|
||
<elevation id="16B6D193FD19FFE6FBEDF9705EC1F941" box="[1096,1164,1688,1712]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="36" pageNumber="51" unit="m" value="400.0">400 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
and a range from
|
||
<quantity id="5A639B45FD19FFE6FAEBF9705913F920" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.8549999999999995" metricValueMax="11.7" metricValueMin="0.01" pageId="36" pageNumber="51" unit="m" value="585.5" valueMax="1170.0" valueMin="1.0">
|
||
<elevation id="16B6D193FD19FFE6FAEBF9705913F920" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.8549999999999995" metricValueMax="11.7" metricValueMin="0.01" pageId="36" pageNumber="51" unit="m" value="585.5" valueMax="1170.0" valueMin="1.0">1 to 1170 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
(one-tailed Mann-Whitney U-test p<0.0005). The situation in East
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E58C7630FD19FFE6FC62F9325E69F903" box="[967,1060,1754,1778]" name="Turkey" pageId="36" pageNumber="51">Anatolia</collectingCountry>
|
||
is not studied.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D581652BFD19FFE7FC8CF91358A8FD82" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="36" pageNumber="51" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="9D2436A0FD19FFE6FC8CF9135EF8F8E2" blockId="36.[786,1399,866,1981]" box="[809,1205,1787,1811]" pageId="36" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFEFEAB2FD19FFE6FC8CF91359D5F8E2" bold="true" box="[809,920,1787,1811]" pageId="36" pageNumber="51">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="D019031BFD19FFE6FC03F91359A1F8E2" box="[934,1004,1787,1811]" captionStart="Tab" captionStartId="70.[96,144,374,400]" captionTargetBox="[96,1387,445,1688]" captionTargetId="graphics-66@70.[92,1400,436,1692]" captionTargetPageId="70" captionText="Tab. 2: Members of the Lasius turcicus species complex (nOcc+nGu+nSt> 10)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C9E46628FD7BFF84FFC5FE9E59B1FE61" pageId="36" pageNumber="51" tableUuid="C9E46628FD7BFF84FFC5FE9E59B1FE61">Tab. 2</tableCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="05A02A25FD19FFE6FC5DF9135E06F8E2" box="[1016,1099,1787,1811]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="16.[151,193,1896,1918]" captionTargetBox="[166,1293,1527,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-71@16.[654,1295,1524,1888]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figs. 15 and 16: Lasius precursor sp. nov.; holotype" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10832236" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10832236/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="51">Figs. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
–16; key):
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9D2436A0FD19FFE7FC8CF8F458A8FD82" blockId="36.[786,1399,866,1981]" lastBlockId="37.[189,808,241,1975]" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="36" pageNumber="51">
|
||
Body size small (CS 769 µm). Number of mandibular dents low (MaDe
|
||
<subScript id="011F34E5FD19FFE6FC45F8A559B5F8AA" attach="left" box="[992,1016,1869,1883]" fontSize="6" pageId="36" pageNumber="51">900</subScript>
|
||
7.6). Clypeal pubescence dilute (sqPDCL
|
||
<subScript id="011F34E5FD19FFE6FCD0F88659C0F88D" attach="left" box="[885,909,1902,1916]" fontSize="6" pageId="36" pageNumber="51">900</subScript>
|
||
5.13). Pronotal setae rather short (PnHL/ CS
|
||
<subScript id="011F34E5FD19FFE6FC97F8665907F86D" attach="left" box="[818,842,1934,1948]" fontSize="6" pageId="36" pageNumber="51">900</subScript>
|
||
0.127), very little longer than gular setae (GuHL/ CS
|
||
<subScript id="011F34E5FD19FFE6FC97F8475907F84C" attach="left" box="[818,842,1967,1981]" fontSize="6" pageId="36" pageNumber="51">900</subScript>
|
||
0.125). Petiole scale in profile view rather thin with an acute dorsal tip. Pubescence hairs on frons rather long (PLF
|
||
<subScript id="011F34E5FD18FFE7FF51FECA5B41FEC1" attach="left" box="[244,268,290,304]" fontSize="6" pageId="37" pageNumber="52">900</subScript>
|
||
34.5 µm). Dorsum of scape and hind tibiae without or few, occasional setae. It differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5A9B4D23FD18FFE7FDDFFEDC58B2FEBA" baseAuthorityName="Seifert" baseAuthorityYear="2010" box="[634,767,307,331]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neglectus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFEFEAB2FD18FFE7FDDFFEDC58B2FEBA" box="[634,767,307,331]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="52">L. neglectus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by shorter scape (SL/CS
|
||
<subScript id="011F34E5FD18FFE7FE3BFE8C5BFBFE83" attach="left" box="[414,438,356,370]" fontSize="6" pageId="37" pageNumber="52">900</subScript>
|
||
0.946), larger postocular distance (PoOc/CL
|
||
<subScript id="011F34E5FD18FFE7FE8FFE6D5B0FFE62" attach="left" box="[298,322,389,403]" fontSize="6" pageId="37" pageNumber="52">900</subScript>
|
||
0.238), smaller torulo-clypeal distance (dClAn/CS
|
||
<subScript id="011F34E5FD18FFE7FE90FE4E5B00FE45" attach="left" box="[309,333,422,436]" fontSize="6" pageId="37" pageNumber="52">900</subScript>
|
||
3.61%) and fewer setae on posterior margin of head (nOcc
|
||
<subScript id="011F34E5FD18FFE7FEF0FE2F5B20FE24" attach="left" box="[341,365,455,469]" fontSize="6" pageId="37" pageNumber="52">900</subScript>
|
||
5.8). The most significant differences to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5A9B4D23FD18FFE7FF18FE305B7DFE1E" authorityName="Sant SANTSCHI" authorityYear="1921" box="[189,304,472,495]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turcicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFEFEAB2FD18FFE7FF18FE305B7DFE1E" box="[189,304,472,495]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="52">L. turcicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are smaller absolute size, shorter scape, larger postocular distance and smaller torulo-clypeal distance. Coloration: Head and gaster dark brown, mesosoma often suggested lighter; mandibles, antennae, lateral part of clypeus, tibiae and tarsae light yellowish-brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D581652BFD18FFE7FF57FD945B88F920" pageId="37" pageNumber="52" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="9D2436A0FD18FFE7FF57FD945B88F920" blockId="37.[189,808,241,1975]" pageId="37" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFEFEAB2FD18FFE7FF57FD945B0AFD65" bold="true" box="[242,327,636,660]" pageId="37" pageNumber="52">Biology</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F90A4B51FD18FFE7FEFCFD945876FD65" author="Cremer, S. & L. V. Ugelvig & F. P. Drijfhout & B. C. Schlick-Steiner & F. M. Steiner & B. Seifert & D. P. Hughes & A. Schulz & K. S. Petersen & H. Konrad & C. Stauffer & K. Kiran & X. Espadaler & P. d'Ettorre & N. Aktac & J. Eilenberg & G. R. Jones & D. R. Nash & J. S. Pedersen & J. J. Boomsma" box="[345,571,636,660]" pageId="37" pageNumber="52" pagination="3838" refId="ref51168" refString="Cremer, S., L. V. Ugelvig, F. P. Drijfhout, B. C. Schlick-Steiner, F. M. Steiner, B. Seifert, D. P. Hughes, A. Schulz, K. S. Petersen, H. Konrad, C. Stauffer, K. Kiran, X. Espadaler, P. d'Ettorre, N. Aktac, J. Eilenberg, G. R. Jones, D. R. Nash, J. S. Pedersen & J. J. Boomsma (2008): The Evolution of Invasiveness in Garden Ants. - PLoS ONE 3 (12): e 3838. doi: 10.1371 / journal. pone 0003838" type="journal article" year="2008">Cremer et al. (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
found the following differences in the biologies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5A9B4D23FD18FFE7FDA9FD7658DBFD44" authority="Seifert, 2020" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="2020" box="[524,662,670,693]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="precursor" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFEFEAB2FD18FFE7FDA9FD7658DBFD44" box="[524,662,670,693]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="52">L. precursor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B4DC57C9FD18FFE7FD3BFD7558BFFD45" box="[670,754,669,692]" pageId="37" pageNumber="52" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5A9B4D23FD18FFE7FF18FD575B29FD27" authorityName="Sant SANTSCHI" authorityYear="1921" box="[189,356,703,726]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turcicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFEFEAB2FD18FFE7FF18FD575B29FD27" box="[189,356,703,726]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="52">Lasius turcicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: Gynes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5A9B4D23FD18FFE7FE46FD575823FD27" authority="Seifert, 2020" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="2020" box="[483,622,703,726]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="precursor" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFEFEAB2FD18FFE7FE46FD575823FD27" box="[483,622,703,726]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="52">L. precursor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B4DC57C9FD18FFE7FDD2FD565881FD24" box="[631,716,702,725]" pageId="37" pageNumber="52" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
show a trend to mate within colonies and reduced dispersal rates compared to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5A9B4D23FD18FFE7FEEFFCE85BF2FCE6" authorityName="Sant SANTSCHI" authorityYear="1921" box="[330,447,768,791]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turcicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFEFEAB2FD18FFE7FEEFFCE85BF2FCE6" box="[330,447,768,791]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="52">L. turcicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which is in line with the smaller absolute size and shorter wings of the former. Gynes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5A9B4D23FD18FFE7FF18FCAA5B78FCA8" authorityName="Sant SANTSCHI" authorityYear="1921" box="[189,309,834,857]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turcicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFEFEAB2FD18FFE7FF18FCAA5B78FCA8" box="[189,309,834,857]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="52">L. turcicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are larger and longer-winged, never showed intranidal mating in 106 nest box trials, and are better dispersers. Combining
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5A9B4D23FD18FFE7FE1BFC6C587BFC6A" authorityName="Sant SANTSCHI" authorityYear="1921" box="[446,566,900,923]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turcicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFEFEAB2FD18FFE7FE1BFC6C587BFC6A" box="[446,566,900,923]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="52">L. turcicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
gynes with males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5A9B4D23FD18FFE7FF18FC4D5B08FC4D" authority="Seifert, 2020" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="2020" box="[189,325,933,956]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="precursor" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFEFEAB2FD18FFE7FF18FC4D5B08FC4D" box="[189,325,933,956]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="52">L. precursor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B4DC57C9FD18FFE7FEEEFC4C5BD0FC4A" box="[331,413,932,955]" pageId="37" pageNumber="52" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
resulted in 38% matings in 29 tests. In contrast,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5A9B4D23FD18FFE7FEE7FC2E5BF4FC2C" authorityName="Sant SANTSCHI" authorityYear="1921" box="[322,441,966,989]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turcicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFEFEAB2FD18FFE7FEE7FC2E5BF4FC2C" box="[322,441,966,989]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="52">L. turcicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
males never mated
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5A9B4D23FD18FFE7FD3DFC2E596CFC2C" authority="Seifert, 2020" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="2020" box="[664,801,966,989]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="precursor" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFEFEAB2FD18FFE7FD3DFC2E596CFC2C" box="[664,801,966,989]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="52">L. precursor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B4DC57C9FD18FFE7FF18FC0E5B42FC0C" box="[189,271,998,1021]" pageId="37" pageNumber="52" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
gynes in 51 tests, suggesting that the males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5A9B4D23FD18FFE7FCAEFC0E5B58FBEF" authorityName="Sant SANTSCHI" authorityYear="1921" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turcicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFEFEAB2FD18FFE7FCAEFC0E5B58FBEF" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="52">L. turcicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
need to fly before being able to copulate. This suggests that part of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5A9B4D23FD18FFE7FE65FBC05805FBCE" authority="Seifert, 2020" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="2020" box="[448,584,1064,1087]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="precursor" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFEFEAB2FD18FFE7FE65FBC05805FBCE" box="[448,584,1064,1087]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="52">L. precursor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B4DC57C9FD18FFE7FDE8FBC058D3FBCE" box="[589,670,1064,1087]" pageId="37" pageNumber="52" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
populations are propagated by intra-nest mating and colony budding, but without being invasive. Intraspecific aggression among workers of different nests was high in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5A9B4D23FD18FFE7FD03FB635957FB53" authorityName="Sant SANTSCHI" authorityYear="1921" box="[678,794,1163,1186]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turcicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFEFEAB2FD18FFE7FD03FB635957FB53" box="[678,794,1163,1186]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="52">L. turcicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, lower but still significant in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5A9B4D23FD18FFE7FDA7FB4458C2FB32" authority="Seifert, 2020" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="2020" box="[514,655,1196,1219]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="precursor" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFEFEAB2FD18FFE7FDA7FB4458C2FB32" box="[514,655,1196,1219]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="52">L. precursor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B4DC57C9FD18FFE7FD3CFB4458BDFB32" box="[665,752,1196,1219]" pageId="37" pageNumber="52" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5A9B4D23FD18FFE7FE83FB255BE4FB15" baseAuthorityName="Seifert" baseAuthorityYear="2010" box="[294,425,1228,1252]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neglectus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFEFEAB2FD18FFE7FE83FB255BE4FB15" box="[294,425,1228,1252]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="52">L. neglectus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Relatedness was moderately high (0.392 ± 0.070) in nests of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5A9B4D23FD18FFE7FE7EFB065829FAF4" authority="Seifert, 2020" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="2020" box="[475,612,1262,1285]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="precursor" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFEFEAB2FD18FFE7FE7EFB065829FAF4" box="[475,612,1262,1285]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="52">L. precursor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B4DC57C9FD18FFE7FDCFFB0558F3FAF5" box="[618,702,1261,1284]" pageId="37" pageNumber="52" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, whereas it reached in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5A9B4D23FD18FFE7FEEEFAE65B8CFAD4" authorityName="Sant SANTSCHI" authorityYear="1921" box="[331,449,1294,1317]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turcicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFEFEAB2FD18FFE7FEEEFAE65B8CFAD4" box="[331,449,1294,1317]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="52">L. turcicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
levels consistent with territorial colonies headed mostly by a single queen (0.561 ± 0.034).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5A9B4D23FD18FFE7FF18FAB85B00FA96" authority="Seifert, 2020" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="2020" box="[189,333,1360,1383]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="precursor" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFEFEAB2FD18FFE7FF18FAB85B00FA96" box="[189,333,1360,1383]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="52">L. precursor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B4DC57C9FD18FFE7FEFEFAB85BF8FA96" box="[347,437,1360,1383]" pageId="37" pageNumber="52" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
shows an intermediate social structure between the supercolonial invasive
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5A9B4D23FD18FFE7FD3AFA99596CFA79" baseAuthorityName="Seifert" baseAuthorityYear="2010" box="[671,801,1392,1416]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neglectus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFEFEAB2FD18FFE7FD3AFA99596CFA79" box="[671,801,1392,1416]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="52">L. neglectus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the highly structured
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5A9B4D23FD18FFE7FE7BFA7A5818FA58" authorityName="Sant SANTSCHI" authorityYear="1921" box="[478,597,1426,1449]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turcicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFEFEAB2FD18FFE7FE7BFA7A5818FA58" box="[478,597,1426,1449]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="52">L. turcicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
populations: in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5A9B4D23FD18FFE7FCAEFA7A5B6BFA3B" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="precursor">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFEFEAB2FD18FFE7FCAEFA7A5B6BFA3B" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="52">L. precursor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, several ‘small-scale supercolonies’ coexist in most populations, but without coming close to the sizes of the extensive
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5A9B4D23FD18FFE7FED6FA1D5BB5F9FD" baseAuthorityName="Seifert" baseAuthorityYear="2010" box="[371,504,1524,1548]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neglectus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFEFEAB2FD18FFE7FED6FA1D5BB5F9FD" box="[371,504,1524,1548]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="52">L. neglectus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
supercolonies. Long-chain hydrocarbons were relatively frequent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5A9B4D23FD18FFE7FD31F9FD596CF9DD" authority="Seifert, 2020" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="2020" box="[660,801,1557,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="precursor" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFEFEAB2FD18FFE7FD31F9FD596CF9DD" box="[660,801,1557,1580]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="52">L. precursor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B4DC57C9FD18FFE7FF18F9DE5B5FF9BC" box="[189,274,1590,1613]" pageId="37" pageNumber="52" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and rare in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5A9B4D23FD18FFE7FE04F9DE5855F9BC" authorityName="Sant SANTSCHI" authorityYear="1921" box="[417,536,1590,1613]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turcicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFEFEAB2FD18FFE7FE04F9DE5855F9BC" box="[417,536,1590,1613]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="52">L. turcicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The less volatile long-chain hydrocarbons have been hypothesized to be less informative as recognition cues which is consistent with the lower aggression levels in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5A9B4D23FD18FFE7FD9BF9715885F941" authority="Seifert, 2020" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="2020" box="[574,712,1689,1712]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="precursor" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFEFEAB2FD18FFE7FD9BF9715885F941" box="[574,712,1689,1712]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="52">L. precursor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B4DC57C9FD18FFE7FD6AF971596FF941" box="[719,802,1689,1712]" pageId="37" pageNumber="52" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
compared to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5A9B4D23FD18FFE7FEEFF9525BF3F920" authorityName="Sant SANTSCHI" authorityYear="1921" box="[330,446,1722,1745]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turcicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFEFEAB2FD18FFE7FEEFF9525BF3F920" box="[330,446,1722,1745]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="52">L. turcicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D581652BFD18FFE7FF71F9325F33FBEE" pageId="37" pageNumber="52" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="9D2436A0FD18FFE7FF71F9325F33FBEE" blockId="37.[189,808,241,1975]" lastBlockId="37.[824,1438,241,1055]" pageId="37" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFEFEAB2FD18FFE7FF71F9325B02F903" bold="true" box="[212,335,1754,1778]" pageId="37" pageNumber="52">Comments</emphasis>
|
||
. Based on investigation of cuticular hydrocarbon patterns, nuDNA (microsatellite data),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F90A4B51FD18FFE7FF18F8F45BFAF8C5" author="Cremer, S. & L. V. Ugelvig & F. P. Drijfhout & B. C. Schlick-Steiner & F. M. Steiner & B. Seifert & D. P. Hughes & A. Schulz & K. S. Petersen & H. Konrad & C. Stauffer & K. Kiran & X. Espadaler & P. d'Ettorre & N. Aktac & J. Eilenberg & G. R. Jones & D. R. Nash & J. S. Pedersen & J. J. Boomsma" box="[189,439,1820,1844]" pageId="37" pageNumber="52" pagination="3838" refId="ref51168" refString="Cremer, S., L. V. Ugelvig, F. P. Drijfhout, B. C. Schlick-Steiner, F. M. Steiner, B. Seifert, D. P. Hughes, A. Schulz, K. S. Petersen, H. Konrad, C. Stauffer, K. Kiran, X. Espadaler, P. d'Ettorre, N. Aktac, J. Eilenberg, G. R. Jones, D. R. Nash, J. S. Pedersen & J. J. Boomsma (2008): The Evolution of Invasiveness in Garden Ants. - PLoS ONE 3 (12): e 3838. doi: 10.1371 / journal. pone 0003838" type="journal article" year="2008">Cremer et al. (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
unambiguously supported the separate species identity of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5A9B4D23FD18FFE7FE41F8D5582BF8A4" baseAuthorityName="Seifert" baseAuthorityYear="2010" box="[484,614,1853,1877]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neglectus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFEFEAB2FD18FFE7FE41F8D5582BF8A4" box="[484,614,1853,1877]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="52">L. neglectus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5A9B4D23FD18FFE7FD02F8D55957F8A5" authorityName="Sant SANTSCHI" authorityYear="1921" box="[679,794,1853,1876]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turcicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFEFEAB2FD18FFE7FD02F8D55957F8A5" box="[679,794,1853,1876]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="52">L. turcicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This finding is in line with the results of NC-clustering reported above. Yet, Cremer et al. also reported that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5A9B4D23FD18FFE7FF18F8485B21F846" authorityName="Sant SANTSCHI" authorityYear="1921" box="[189,364,1952,1975]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turcicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFEFEAB2FD18FFE7FF18F8485B21F846" box="[189,364,1952,1975]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="52">Lasius turcicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the conception of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F90A4B51FD18FFE7FD27F877596CF846" author="Seifert, B." box="[642,801,1951,1975]" pageId="37" pageNumber="52" pagination="173 - 179" refId="ref51875" refString="Seifert, B. (2000): Rapid range expansion in Lasius neglectus (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) - an Asian invader swamps Europe. - Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 47 (2): 173 - 179." type="journal article" year="2000">Seifert (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
can be divided into two entities which they called the highland form (=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5A9B4D23FD18FFE7FC5AFEFB5E96FEDB" authority="Santschi" authorityName="Sant SANTSCHI" authorityYear="1921" box="[1023,1243,274,298]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turcicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFEFEAB2FD18FFE7FC5AFEFB5E38FEDB" box="[1023,1141,275,298]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="52">L. turcicus</emphasis>
|
||
Santschi
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and the lowland form (=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5A9B4D23FD18FFE7FC28FEDC5E5FFEBA" authority="Seifert, 2020" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="2020" box="[909,1042,308,331]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="precursor" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFEFEAB2FD18FFE7FC28FEDC5E5FFEBA" box="[909,1042,308,331]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="52">L. precursor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B4DC57C9FD18FFE7FBB2FEDC5E2BFEBA" box="[1047,1126,308,331]" pageId="37" pageNumber="52" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
introduced here). They found clear differences between the two entities in cuticular hydrocarbons and microsatellite data. The material used here in NC-clustering, altogether 127 samples, is identical for 122 samples with the material evaluated by Cremer et al. Five samples – the type series of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5A9B4D23FD18FFE7FB7AFE305F1EFE1E" authorityName="Sant SANTSCHI" authorityYear="1921" box="[1247,1363,472,495]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turcicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFEFEAB2FD18FFE7FB7AFE305F1EFE1E" box="[1247,1363,472,495]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="52">L. turcicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
plus 4 samples from the islands of Kos and Rhodos – were added here. Using the 10 standard characters CS, CL/CW
|
||
<subScript id="011F34E5FD18FFE7FAF4FDC25F24FDC9" attach="left" box="[1361,1385,554,568]" fontSize="6" pageId="37" pageNumber="52">900</subScript>
|
||
, SL/ CS
|
||
<subScript id="011F34E5FD18FFE7FCFDFDA2593DFDA9" attach="left" box="[856,880,586,600]" fontSize="6" pageId="37" pageNumber="52">900</subScript>
|
||
, nGen
|
||
<subScript id="011F34E5FD18FFE7FC1EFDA2599EFDA9" attach="left" box="[955,979,586,600]" fontSize="6" pageId="37" pageNumber="52">900</subScript>
|
||
, nGu
|
||
<subScript id="011F34E5FD18FFE7FBB6FDA25E66FDA9" attach="left" box="[1043,1067,586,600]" fontSize="6" pageId="37" pageNumber="52">900</subScript>
|
||
, sqPDCL
|
||
<subScript id="011F34E5FD18FFE7FB32FDA25EE2FDA9" attach="left" box="[1175,1199,586,600]" fontSize="6" pageId="37" pageNumber="52">900</subScript>
|
||
, dClAn/CS
|
||
<subScript id="011F34E5FD18FFE7FA94FDA25F04FDA9" attach="left" box="[1329,1353,586,600]" fontSize="6" pageId="37" pageNumber="52">900</subScript>
|
||
, PoOc/ CL
|
||
<subScript id="011F34E5FD18FFE7FCFCFD83593CFD88" attach="left" box="[857,881,619,633]" fontSize="6" pageId="37" pageNumber="52">900</subScript>
|
||
, EYE/CS
|
||
<subScript id="011F34E5FD18FFE7FC7EFD8359BFFD88" attach="right" box="[987,1010,619,633]" fontSize="6" pageId="37" pageNumber="52">900</subScript>
|
||
) and MP6/CS
|
||
<subScript id="011F34E5FD18FFE7FB28FD835EE8FD88" attach="left" box="[1165,1189,619,633]" fontSize="6" pageId="37" pageNumber="52">900</subScript>
|
||
, 51 nest samples of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5A9B4D23FD18FFE7FA23FDB459ECFD65" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="precursor">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFEFEAB2FD18FFE7FA23FDB459ECFD65" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="52">L. precursor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are separated from of 77 nest samples of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5A9B4D23FD18FFE7FA23FD9559C3FD44" authorityName="Sant SANTSCHI" authorityYear="1921" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turcicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFEFEAB2FD18FFE7FA23FD9559C3FD44" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="52">L. turcicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with the following error rates: 4.7% in NC-Ward, 4.7% in part.hclust (plus 4.7% outliers) 0.8% in NC-part. kmeans, and 0.8% in NC-NMDS-kmeans – in the mean of all four analyses 2.8%.This is below the 4%error threshold and justifies describing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5A9B4D23FD18FFE7FB91FCC95EF4FCC9" authority="Seifert, 2020" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="2020" box="[1076,1209,801,824]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="precursor" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFEFEAB2FD18FFE7FB91FCC95EF4FCC9" box="[1076,1209,801,824]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="52">L. precursor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B4DC57C9FD18FFE7FB1AFCC95F5DFCC9" box="[1215,1296,801,824]" pageId="37" pageNumber="52" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
as a separate species.
|
||
<figureCitation id="05A02A25FD18FFE7FC36FCA95E4EFCA8" box="[915,1027,833,857]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="37.[824,864,1781,1803]" captionTargetId="graphics-30@38.[472,1344,491,1917]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Figs. 111: NC-clustering of 51 nest samples of Lasius precursor sp. nov.(black bars) and 77nest samples of L.turcicus (grey bars) from the East Aegean and Asia Minor. The hierarchical algorithms, NC-Ward (tree shown) and NC-part.hclust, showed a classification error of 4.7% whereas the non-hierarchical algorythms, NC-part.kmeans and NC- NMDS-k.means (not shown), misclassified only 0.8% of the samples giving an overall mean error of 2.8%. Outliers in NC-part.hclust are indicated by white bars (gaps)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10871694" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10871694/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="52">Figure 111</figureCitation>
|
||
shows the data of NC-Ward NC-part. hclust and NC-part.kmeans. If run as wild-cards in a linear discriminant analysis, the type sample of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5A9B4D23FD18FFE7FB5FFC6C5F23FC6A" authorityName="Sant SANTSCHI" authorityYear="1921" box="[1274,1390,900,923]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turcicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFEFEAB2FD18FFE7FB5FFC6C5F23FC6A" box="[1274,1390,900,923]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="52">L. turcicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the
|
||
<typeStatus id="42208802FD18FFE7FCC5FC4C59F0FC4D" box="[864,957,932,956]" pageId="37" pageNumber="52" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
sample of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5A9B4D23FD18FFE7FB94FC4D5EFAFC4D" authority="Seifert, 2020" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="2020" box="[1073,1207,933,956]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="precursor" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFEFEAB2FD18FFE7FB94FC4D5EFAFC4D" box="[1073,1207,933,956]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="52">L. precursor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B4DC57C9FD18FFE7FB1BFC4C5F42FC4A" box="[1214,1295,932,955]" pageId="37" pageNumber="52" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
are allocated to corresponding clusters with p=0.999 and 1.000. The classification error by the LDA was 7.6% in
|
||
<specimenCount id="8B9DFD29FD18FFE7FA87FC0E5FD1FC0F" box="[1314,1436,998,1022]" count="396" pageId="37" pageNumber="52" type="worker">396 worker</specimenCount>
|
||
individuals which is a normal value for cryptic species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |