treatments-xml/data/86/30/87/86308784FFBED32EADB9DD0C401DFE17.xml

<document ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5256.1.7" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7745407" checkinTime="1679054897210" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Piraonapicha, Kanyakorn, Sangpradub, Narumon, Jaitrong, Weeyawat, Attasopa, Korrawat &amp; Liu, Xingyue" docDate="2023" docId="86308784FFBED32EADB9DD0C401DFE17" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5256.1.7.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5256 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5256.1.7" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Protohermes stigmosus Liu, Hayashi &amp; Yang 2007" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="93" masterDocId="7A09FFFCFFBED328AD2EDA704216FFE4" masterDocTitle="Frist record of Protohermes stigmosus Liu, Hayashi &amp; Yang (Megaloptera Corydalidae: Corydalinae) in Thailand with the first description of female" masterLastPageNumber="93" masterPageNumber="87" pageNumber="87" updateTime="1679314071981" updateUser="diego" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title>Frist record of Protohermes stigmosus Liu, Hayashi &amp; Yang (Megaloptera Corydalidae: Corydalinae) in Thailand with the first description of female</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Piraonapicha, Kanyakorn</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand. &amp; Native Honey bee and Pollinator Research Center, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, 126, Bangmod, Thung Khru,</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Sangpradub, Narumon</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Jaitrong, Weeyawat</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Office of Natural Science, National Science Museum, 39 Moo 3, Khlong 5, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120 Thailand.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Attasopa, Korrawat</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0002-5719-1958</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 5719 - 1958</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Liu, Xingyue</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2023-03-16</mods:number>
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="4N5JN" authority="Liu, Hayashi &amp; Yang, 2007" authorityName="Liu, Hayashi &amp; Yang" authorityYear="2007" box="[151,776,1916,1943]" class="Insecta" family="Corydalidae" genus="Protohermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Megaloptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stigmosus">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,776,1916,1943]" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,432,1916,1943]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Protohermes stigmosus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Liu, X. Y. &amp; Hayashi, F. &amp; Yang, D." box="[440,776,1916,1943]" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" pagination="1 - 46" refId="ref2627" refString="Liu, X. Y., Hayashi, F. &amp; Yang, D. (2007) Systematics of the Protohermes costalis species-group (Megaloptera: Corydalidae). Zootaxa, 1439 (1), 1 - 46. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1439.1.1" type="journal article" year="2007">Liu, Hayashi &amp; Yang, 2007</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph blockId="0.[151,1437,1881,2010]" box="[151,262,1954,1978]" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
(
<figureCitation box="[159,253,1954,1978]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStart-4="FIGURE 5" captionStartId-0="1.[151,250,1435,1459]" captionStartId-1="2.[151,250,1416,1440]" captionStartId-2="3.[151,250,1074,1098]" captionStartId-3="3.[151,250,2017,2041]" captionStartId-4="4.[151,250,2001,2025]" captionTargetBox-0="[181,1406,668,1411]" captionTargetBox-1="[165,1421,461,1376]" captionTargetBox-2="[179,1408,181,1050]" captionTargetBox-3="[177,1410,1122,1994]" captionTargetBox-4="[229,1353,181,1977]" captionTargetId-0="figure-216@1.[181,1406,668,1411]" captionTargetId-1="figure-156@2.[151,1435,452,1393]" captionTargetId-2="figure-19@3.[179,1408,181,1050]" captionTargetId-3="figure-47@3.[177,1410,1122,1994]" captionTargetId-4="figure-19@4.[229,1358,181,1977]" captionTargetPageId-0="1" captionTargetPageId-1="2" captionTargetPageId-2="3" captionTargetPageId-3="3" captionTargetPageId-4="4" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Protohermes stigmosus, male in dorsal view. Scale bar: 1 cm." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Protohermes stigmosus, male, A. abdominal apex in ventral view, B. abdominal apex in dorsal view, C. abdominal apex in caudal view, D. gonostylus 9, E. gonocoxites + gonostyli 10 (the gonocoxites + gonostyli 10 is placed on the slide and the cover glass placed over the specimen). Scale bars: 1 mm (A–D), 0.5 mm (E)." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Protohermes stigmosus, head and prothorax in dorsal view, A. male, B. female. Scale bars: 2 mm (A), 5 mm (B)." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Protohermes stigmosus, live adult, female, A. habitus in dorsal view, B. habitus in lateral view. Scale bars: 1 cm." captionText-4="FIGURE 5. Protohermes stigmosus, female abdominal apex, A. ventral view, B. lateral view. Scale bar: 1 mm (A, B)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7745411" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7745413" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7745415" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7745417" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7745419" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7745411/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7745413/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/7745415/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/7745417/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/7745419/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Figs 1–5</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="0.[151,1437,1881,2010]" box="[151,1437,1985,2010]" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
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<treatmentCitation ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6248249" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6248249" author="Liu, X. Y. &amp; Hayashi, F. &amp; Yang, D." box="[151,701,1985,2010]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CF87E5FFF1FFE6FF46ADE0FB5CFC75" page="38" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" year="2007">
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="4N5JN" authority="Liu, Hayashi &amp; Yang, 2007: 38" authorityName="Liu, Hayashi &amp; Yang" authorityPageNumber="38" authorityYear="2007" box="[151,701,1985,2010]" class="Insecta" family="Corydalidae" genus="Protohermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Megaloptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stigmosus">
<emphasis box="[151,386,1985,2009]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Protohermes stigmosus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Liu, X. Y. &amp; Hayashi, F. &amp; Yang, D." box="[391,701,1985,2010]" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" pagination="1 - 46" refId="ref2627" refString="Liu, X. Y., Hayashi, F. &amp; Yang, D. (2007) Systematics of the Protohermes costalis species-group (Megaloptera: Corydalidae). Zootaxa, 1439 (1), 1 - 46. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1439.1.1" type="journal article" year="2007">Liu, Hayashi &amp; Yang, 2007: 38</bibRefCitation>
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figs 20, 123–127; 
<treatmentCitation author="Yang, D. &amp; Liu, X. Y." box="[886,1117,1985,2010]" page="180" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" year="2010">
<bibRefCitation author="Yang, D. &amp; Liu, X. Y." box="[886,1117,1985,2010]" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" refId="ref3183" refString="Yang, D. &amp; Liu, X. Y. (2010) Fauna Sinica, Insecta. Vol. 51. Megaloptera. Science Press, Beijing, 457 pp. [in Chinese with English summary]" type="book" year="2010">Yang &amp; Liu, 2010: 180</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 78; 
<treatmentCitation author="Martins, C. C. &amp; Ardila-Camacho, A. &amp; Rivera-Gasperin, S. L. &amp; Oswald, J. D. &amp; Liu, X. &amp; Contreras-Ramos, A." box="[1204,1433,1985,2009]" page="29" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" year="2022">
<bibRefCitation author="Martins, C. C. &amp; Ardila-Camacho, A. &amp; Rivera-Gasperin, S. L. &amp; Oswald, J. D. &amp; Liu, X. &amp; Contreras-Ramos, A." box="[1204,1433,1985,2009]" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" pagination="1 - 93" refId="ref2847" refString="Martins, C. C., Ardila-Camacho, A., Rivera-Gasperin, S. L., Oswald, J. D., Liu, X. &amp; Contreras-Ramos, A. (2022) A world checklist of extant and extinct species of Megaloptera (Insecta: Neuropterida). European Journal of Taxonomy, 812, 1 - 93. https: // doi. org / 10.5852 / ejt. 2022.812.1727" type="journal article" year="2022">
Martins 
<emphasis box="[1287,1331,1985,2009]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">et al</emphasis>
, 2022: 29
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.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="1.[151,1437,151,643]" pageId="1" pageNumber="88">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,224,152,176]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="88" reason="1">Types.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2004-03-31" collectionCode="SNU" collectorName="Liang Tang &amp; Normal University" country="China" location="Xishuangbanna" municipality="Male" pageId="1" pageNumber="88" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Yunnan" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus box="[236,339,151,175]" pageId="1" pageNumber="88">Holotype</typeStatus>
. 
<collectingMunicipality box="[353,410,151,175]" pageId="1" pageNumber="88">Male</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<collectingCountry box="[426,490,151,175]" name="China" pageId="1" pageNumber="88">China</collectingCountry>
(
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:86308784FFBED32EADB9DD0C401DFE17:0B466049FFBFD329ACD2DAE740B2FF4B" box="[508,676,151,175]" country="China" municipality="Male" name="Xishuangbanna" pageId="1" pageNumber="88" stateProvince="Yunnan">Xishuangbanna</location>
<collectingRegion box="[687,878,151,175]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="1" pageNumber="88">Yunnan Province</collectingRegion>
), 
<date box="[901,1024,152,176]" pageId="1" pageNumber="88" value="2004-03-31">
<collectingDate box="[901,1024,152,176]" pageId="1" pageNumber="88" value="2004-03-31">31.III.2004</collectingDate>
</date>
, reared from larva, 
<collectorName box="[1253,1379,151,176]" pageId="1" pageNumber="88">Liang Tang</collectorName>
leg., deposited in the Shanghai 
<collectorName box="[433,634,187,211]" pageId="1" pageNumber="88">Normal University</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode box="[648,705,188,212]" country="South Korea" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13993" name="Seoul National University" pageId="1" pageNumber="88" type="Herbarium">SNU</collectionCode>
, examined), China.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="88" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="1.[151,1437,151,643]" pageId="1" pageNumber="88">
Non-type material examined. 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2020-03-04" collectionCode="UN, THNHM" collectorName="K. Piraonapicha &amp; L. Khaton" country="Thailand" elevation="1006" location="Bo Kluea District" municipality="One" pageId="1" pageNumber="88" specimenCode="THNHM-I-24146" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Nan">
<collectingCountry box="[509,607,223,247]" name="Thailand" pageId="1" pageNumber="88">Thailand</collectingCountry>
. One male, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:86308784FFBED32EADB9DD0C401DFE17:0B466049FFBFD329AFFBDA904199FF13" box="[725,911,223,247]" country="Thailand" municipality="One" name="Bo Kluea District" pageId="1" pageNumber="88" stateProvince="Nan">Bo Kluea District</location>
, 
<collectingRegion box="[919,1065,223,247]" country="Thailand" name="Nan" pageId="1" pageNumber="88">Nan Province</collectingRegion>
, 19°11U13.35UN, 101°10U5.91UE, 1006 m a.s.l., 
<date box="[306,414,260,284]" pageId="1" pageNumber="88" value="2020-03-04">
<collectingDate box="[306,414,260,284]" pageId="1" pageNumber="88" value="2020-03-04">4.III.2020</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName box="[427,600,259,283]" pageId="1" pageNumber="88">K. Piraonapicha</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName box="[637,747,259,283]" pageId="1" pageNumber="88">L. Khaton</collectorName>
leg. leg. (
<collectionCode box="[857,959,260,284]" pageId="1" pageNumber="88">THNHM</collectionCode>
, 
<specimenCode box="[970,1164,259,283]" collectionCode="THNHM-I-" pageId="1" pageNumber="88">THNHM-I-24146</specimenCode>
, pinned);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2020-03-04" collectionCode="UN, THNHM" collectorName="K. Piraonapicha &amp; L. Khaton" country="Thailand" elevation="1006" location="Bo Kluea District" municipality="One" pageId="1" pageNumber="88" specimenCode="THNHM-I-24146, THNHM-I-24147" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Nan">
<specimenCount box="[1273,1369,259,284]" pageId="1" pageNumber="88" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
, same locality, date, collectors (
<collectionCode box="[418,520,296,320]" pageId="1" pageNumber="88">THNHM</collectionCode>
, 
<specimenCode box="[530,724,296,320]" collectionCode="THNHM-I-" pageId="1" pageNumber="88">THNHM-I-24147</specimenCode>
, in alcohol)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="88" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="1.[151,1437,151,643]" pageId="1" pageNumber="88">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,316,331,355]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="88" reason="1">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Head without dark markings; pronotum with two pairs of blackish markings at anterolateral corner and three pairs of blackish markings near posterolateral corners; fused gonocoxites 10 medially with a pair of large subtriangular processes, and laterally with a pair of digitiform gonostyli 10, leaving very short lateral arms; female fused gonocoxites 8 with feebly convex posterior margin, medially without any notch; no lateral sac-like lobes between abdominal segments 8 and 9.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="89" pageId="1" pageNumber="88" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="1.[151,1437,151,643]" pageId="1" pageNumber="88">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,401,511,536]" pageId="1" pageNumber="88">
<emphasis box="[199,337,511,535]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="88" reason="1">Description.</emphasis>
Male
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation box="[415,511,511,536]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStartId-0="1.[151,250,1435,1459]" captionStartId-1="2.[151,250,1416,1440]" captionStartId-2="3.[151,250,1074,1098]" captionTargetBox-0="[181,1406,668,1411]" captionTargetBox-1="[165,1421,461,1376]" captionTargetBox-2="[179,1408,181,1050]" captionTargetId-0="figure-216@1.[181,1406,668,1411]" captionTargetId-1="figure-156@2.[151,1435,452,1393]" captionTargetId-2="figure-19@3.[179,1408,181,1050]" captionTargetPageId-0="1" captionTargetPageId-1="2" captionTargetPageId-2="3" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Protohermes stigmosus, male in dorsal view. Scale bar: 1 cm." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Protohermes stigmosus, male, A. abdominal apex in ventral view, B. abdominal apex in dorsal view, C. abdominal apex in caudal view, D. gonostylus 9, E. gonocoxites + gonostyli 10 (the gonocoxites + gonostyli 10 is placed on the slide and the cover glass placed over the specimen). Scale bars: 1 mm (A–D), 0.5 mm (E)." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Protohermes stigmosus, head and prothorax in dorsal view, A. male, B. female. Scale bars: 2 mm (A), 5 mm (B)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7745411" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7745413" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7745415" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7745411/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7745413/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/7745415/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="88">Figs 1–3</figureCitation>
). Measurements (n=1). Total body length 
<quantity box="[959,1054,511,535]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.51" pageId="1" pageNumber="88" unit="mm" value="35.1">35.1 mm</quantity>
(including mouthparts); head width 
<quantity box="[151,235,547,571]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.2" pageId="1" pageNumber="88" unit="mm" value="6.2">6.2 mm</quantity>
, head length 
<quantity box="[374,455,548,572]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="88" unit="mm" value="4.8">4.8 mm</quantity>
(excluding labrum and mandibles); prothorax length 
<quantity box="[1021,1104,548,572]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" pageId="1" pageNumber="88" unit="mm" value="4.3">4.3 mm</quantity>
; prothorax width 
<quantity box="[1292,1375,548,572]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" pageId="1" pageNumber="88" unit="mm" value="4.4">4.4 mm</quantity>
; right forewing length 
<quantity box="[325,422,583,607]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.32" pageId="1" pageNumber="88" unit="mm" value="53.2">53.2 mm</quantity>
; right forewing width 
<quantity box="[657,754,583,607]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.67" pageId="1" pageNumber="88" unit="mm" value="16.7">16.7 mm</quantity>
; right hindwing length 
<quantity box="[999,1096,583,607]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.76" pageId="1" pageNumber="88" unit="mm" value="47.6">47.6 mm</quantity>
; right hindwing width 
<quantity box="[1335,1432,584,608]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.83" pageId="1" pageNumber="88" unit="mm" value="18.3">18.3 mm</quantity>
; wing spans 
<quantity box="[276,386,619,643]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.015" pageId="1" pageNumber="88" unit="mm" value="101.5">101.5 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7745411" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7745411" box="[151,904,1435,1459]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7745411/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="88" startId="1.[151,250,1435,1459]" targetBox="[181,1406,668,1411]" targetPageId="1">
<paragraph blockId="1.[151,904,1435,1459]" box="[151,904,1435,1459]" pageId="1" pageNumber="88">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,275,1435,1459]" pageId="1" pageNumber="88">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName box="[281,518,1435,1459]" class="Insecta" family="Corydalidae" genus="Protohermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Megaloptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stigmosus">
<emphasis box="[281,518,1435,1459]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="88">Protohermes stigmosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, male in dorsal view. Scale bar: 1 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="1.[151,1437,1507,2041]" pageId="1" pageNumber="88">Head yellow with obtuse postocular spine; compound eyes dark, located anterior to mid-length of head; ocelli located between compound eyes, close to antennal socket, inner margin brown; antennae subserrate, scapes and pedicel yellowish brown, scapes almost twice as long as pedicel, flagellum dark; labrum yellowish brown, subtriangular, shorter than broad, anterior margin distinctly convex, and covered with sparse short setae; mandibles yellow to reddish brown (anterior half reddish brown and posterior half yellow), with long and sharp apical tooth, followed by broad and subtriangular preapical tooth, small subtriangular prebasal tooth, and subtriangular basal tooth (denticles reddish brown); occiput subtriangular, yellow, posterior margin roundly convex in dorsal view.</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="1.[151,1437,1507,2041]" pageId="1" pageNumber="88">
Pronotum yellow, subquadrate, with two pairs of blackish markings at anterolateral corner and three pairs of blackish markings at posterolateral corner (
<figureCitation box="[520,587,1795,1819]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="3.[151,250,2017,2041]" captionTargetBox="[177,1410,1122,1994]" captionTargetId="figure-47@3.[177,1410,1122,1994]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 4. Protohermes stigmosus, live adult, female, A. habitus in dorsal view, B. habitus in lateral view. Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7745417" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7745417/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="88">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
); mesonotum and metanotum subrectangular, yellow, both clearly broader than long; legs yellow, covered with short dense setae; distal half of protibiae and all protarsi black, meso- and metatarsi with second to fifth tarsomeres black; tarsal claws reddish brown; forewing pale grayish brown, with a subtriangular yellowish brown marking near base, yellowish brown markings at basal 1/3, and with an irregular markings at apical 1/3 and several extremely small yellowish markings on crossveins on apical portion; costal cellules with distinct grayish brown stripes, hindwing entirely hyaline; veins yellow except veins in dark regions of forewing and apical portion of hindwing pale brown; RA 8-branched, with 9 crossveins between RA and RP, MP 
<subScript attach="left" box="[770,795,2027,2041]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="88">1+2</subScript>
4-branched, MP 
<subScript attach="left" box="[966,990,2027,2041]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="88">3+4</subScript>
2-branched. Abdomen yellowish brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="2.[151,1437,151,428]" pageId="2" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,311,151,175]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="89" reason="1">Genitalia.</emphasis>
Tergum 9 subrectangular, clearly broader than long, with anterior margin concave medially as U-shaped and slightly concave posteriorly. Sternum 
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ventral view subrectangular, clearly broader than long, with median portion apparently inflated; posterior margin of sternum 
<quantity box="[670,711,223,248]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.286" pageId="2" pageNumber="89" unit="in" value="9.0">9 in</quantity>
ventral view widely concave (as U-shaped), and with posterolateral corners forming short, acutely angled digitiform processes. Gonostylus 
<quantity box="[916,957,259,284]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.286" pageId="2" pageNumber="89" unit="in" value="9.0">9 in</quantity>
ventral view slender, unguiform, and curved inward. Ectoproct subcylindrical, short; in ventral view with a feebly developed tufted tubercle located anterior to posterolateral corners on inner margin; tip of ectoproct slightly incised and covered with dense short setae. Callus cerci in dorsal view suboval, connected to posterolateral corners of tergum 9. Fused gonocoxites 10 medially with a pair of large subtriangular processes, and laterally with a pair of digitiform gonostyli 10, leaving very short lateral arms (
<figureCitation box="[1303,1369,403,428]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1416,1440]" captionTargetBox="[165,1421,461,1376]" captionTargetId="figure-156@2.[151,1435,452,1393]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Protohermes stigmosus, male, A. abdominal apex in ventral view, B. abdominal apex in dorsal view, C. abdominal apex in caudal view, D. gonostylus 9, E. gonocoxites + gonostyli 10 (the gonocoxites + gonostyli 10 is placed on the slide and the cover glass placed over the specimen). Scale bars: 1 mm (A–D), 0.5 mm (E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7745413" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7745413/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="89">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7745413" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7745413" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7745413/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="89" startId="2.[151,250,1416,1440]" targetBox="[165,1421,461,1376]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph blockId="2.[151,1437,1416,1512]" pageId="2" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,275,1416,1440]" pageId="2" pageNumber="89">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName box="[281,517,1416,1440]" class="Insecta" family="Corydalidae" genus="Protohermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Megaloptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stigmosus">
<emphasis box="[281,517,1416,1440]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="89">Protohermes stigmosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, male, 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[590,608,1416,1440]" pageId="2" pageNumber="89">A</emphasis>
. abdominal apex in ventral view, 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[949,966,1416,1440]" pageId="2" pageNumber="89">B</emphasis>
. abdominal apex in dorsal view, 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1299,1317,1416,1440]" pageId="2" pageNumber="89">C</emphasis>
. abdominal apex in caudal view, 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[365,383,1452,1476]" pageId="2" pageNumber="89">D</emphasis>
. gonostylus 9, 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[538,555,1452,1476]" pageId="2" pageNumber="89">E</emphasis>
. gonocoxites + gonostyli 10 (the gonocoxites + gonostyli 10 is placed on the slide and the cover glass placed over the specimen). Scale bars: 1 mm (A–D), 0.5 mm (E).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="2.[151,1437,1560,2016]" pageId="2" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,289,1560,1584]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="89" reason="1">Female.</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation box="[306,406,1560,1584]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 3" captionStart-1="FIGURE 4" captionStart-2="FIGURE 5" captionStartId-0="3.[151,250,1074,1098]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,250,2017,2041]" captionStartId-2="4.[151,250,2001,2025]" captionTargetBox-0="[179,1408,181,1050]" captionTargetBox-1="[177,1410,1122,1994]" captionTargetBox-2="[229,1353,181,1977]" captionTargetId-0="figure-19@3.[179,1408,181,1050]" captionTargetId-1="figure-47@3.[177,1410,1122,1994]" captionTargetId-2="figure-19@4.[229,1358,181,1977]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionText-0="FIGURE 3. Protohermes stigmosus, head and prothorax in dorsal view, A. male, B. female. Scale bars: 2 mm (A), 5 mm (B)." captionText-1="FIGURE 4. Protohermes stigmosus, live adult, female, A. habitus in dorsal view, B. habitus in lateral view. Scale bars: 1 cm." captionText-2="FIGURE 5. Protohermes stigmosus, female abdominal apex, A. ventral view, B. lateral view. Scale bar: 1 mm (A, B)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7745415" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7745417" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7745419" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7745415/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7745417/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/7745419/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="89">Figs 3–5</figureCitation>
). Measurements (n=1). Total body length 
<quantity box="[871,972,1560,1584]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7199999999999998" pageId="2" pageNumber="89" unit="mm" value="27.2">27.2 mm</quantity>
; head width 
<quantity box="[1115,1202,1560,1584]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3" pageId="2" pageNumber="89" unit="mm" value="5.3">5.3 mm</quantity>
, head length 
<quantity box="[1352,1436,1560,1584]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" pageId="2" pageNumber="89" unit="mm" value="4.3">4.3 mm</quantity>
(excluding labrum and mandibles); prothorax length 
<quantity box="[722,808,1596,1620]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="2" pageNumber="89" unit="mm" value="3.3">3.3 mm</quantity>
; prothorax width 
<quantity box="[999,1085,1596,1620]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="89" unit="mm" value="3.8">3.8 mm</quantity>
; right forewing length 
<quantity box="[1333,1432,1596,1620]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.11" pageId="2" pageNumber="89" unit="mm" value="41.1">41.1 mm</quantity>
; right forewing width 
<quantity box="[379,477,1632,1656]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.38" pageId="2" pageNumber="89" unit="mm" value="13.8">13.8 mm</quantity>
; right hindwing length 
<quantity box="[725,824,1632,1656]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.91" pageId="2" pageNumber="89" unit="mm" value="39.1">39.1 mm</quantity>
; right hindwing width 
<quantity box="[1066,1164,1632,1656]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.48" pageId="2" pageNumber="89" unit="mm" value="14.8">14.8 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="2.[151,1437,1560,2016]" pageId="2" pageNumber="89">
Morphologically similar to male, except these following characters:1) fused gonocoxites 
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lateral view subtrapezoid, slightly protruding posteriad, in ventral view subrectangular, posterior margin medially slightly convex, and covered with dense short setae; 2) gonocoxite 
<quantity box="[496,536,1740,1764]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.286" pageId="2" pageNumber="89" unit="in" value="9.0">9 in</quantity>
lateral view broadly subtriangular, slightly incised posteroventrally near tip and with a rather small lobe at tip; 3) upper part of ectoproct in lateral view digitiform, and lower part suboval; 4) callus cerci in lateral view large and suboval, completely fused with ectoprocts (
<figureCitation box="[852,917,1812,1836]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="4.[151,250,2001,2025]" captionTargetBox="[229,1353,181,1977]" captionTargetId="figure-19@4.[229,1358,181,1977]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 5. Protohermes stigmosus, female abdominal apex, A. ventral view, B. lateral view. Scale bar: 1 mm (A, B)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7745419" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7745419/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="89">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="2.[151,1437,1560,2016]" pageId="2" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,418,1848,1872]" pageId="2" pageNumber="89">DNA barcode data.</emphasis>
The mitochondrial COI sequences of our adult specimens are identical for both sexes showing genetic distance = 0. Phylogenetic analysis based on maximum likelihood estimation indicated that an unknown female specimen is conspecific with male adult of 
<taxonomicName box="[628,761,1921,1944]" class="Insecta" family="Corydalidae" genus="Protohermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Megaloptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stigmosus">
<emphasis box="[628,761,1921,1944]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="89">P. stigmosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In addition, 
<taxonomicName box="[911,1044,1921,1944]" class="Insecta" family="Corydalidae" genus="Protohermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Megaloptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stigmosus">
<emphasis box="[911,1044,1921,1944]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="89">P. stigmosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName box="[1060,1217,1920,1944]" class="Insecta" family="Corydalidae" genus="Protohermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Megaloptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="triangulates">
<emphasis box="[1060,1217,1920,1944]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="89">P. triangulates</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Liu, Hayashi &amp; Yang" authorityYear="2008" box="[1280,1394,1920,1944]" class="Insecta" family="Corydalidae" genus="Protohermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Megaloptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furcatus">
<emphasis box="[1280,1394,1920,1944]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="89">P. furcatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are genetically separated by high interspecific variations of COI sequences (
<figureCitation box="[924,990,1956,1980]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1699,1723]" captionTargetBox="[171,1419,200,1662]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[151,1436,181,1675]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 6. Resulting tree from Maximum likelihood analyses of 558 base pairs of the partial COI genes of the three Protohermes species recorded in Thailand, including the selected outgroup. Numbers at internodes are bootstrap values (1000 replicates, values &lt;70% not shown). Scale bar indicates 0.05 nucleotide substitutions." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7745421" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7745421/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="89">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[199,952,1992,2016]" pageId="2" pageNumber="89" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="2.[151,1437,1560,2016]" box="[199,952,1992,2016]" pageId="2" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,346,1992,2016]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="89" reason="1">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry box="[352,416,1992,2016]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="89">China</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion box="[430,518,1992,2016]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="2" pageNumber="89">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
); 
<collectingCountry box="[535,630,1992,2016]" name="Thailand" pageId="2" pageNumber="89">Thailand</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion box="[644,794,1992,2016]" country="Thailand" name="Nan" pageId="2" pageNumber="89">Nan Province</collectingRegion>
, 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[805,937,1992,2016]" pageId="2" pageNumber="89">New record</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7745415" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7745415" box="[151,1424,1074,1098]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7745415/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" startId="3.[151,250,1074,1098]" targetBox="[179,1408,181,1050]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1424,1074,1098]" box="[151,1424,1074,1098]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,275,1074,1098]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName box="[281,518,1074,1098]" class="Insecta" family="Corydalidae" genus="Protohermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Megaloptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stigmosus">
<emphasis box="[281,518,1074,1098]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">Protohermes stigmosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, head and prothorax in dorsal view, 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[885,903,1074,1098]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">A</emphasis>
. male, 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[978,995,1074,1098]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">B</emphasis>
. female. Scale bars: 2 mm (A), 5 mm (B).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7745417" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7745417" box="[151,1423,2017,2042]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7745417/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" startId="3.[151,250,2017,2041]" targetBox="[177,1410,1122,1994]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1423,2017,2042]" box="[151,1423,2017,2042]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,275,2017,2041]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName box="[281,518,2017,2041]" class="Insecta" family="Corydalidae" genus="Protohermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Megaloptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stigmosus">
<emphasis box="[281,518,2017,2041]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">Protohermes stigmosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, live adult, female, 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[719,737,2017,2041]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">A</emphasis>
. habitus in dorsal view, 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[984,1001,2018,2042]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">B</emphasis>
. habitus in lateral view. Scale bars: 1 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7745419" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7745419" box="[151,1350,2001,2026]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7745419/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="91" startId="4.[151,250,2001,2025]" targetBox="[229,1353,181,1977]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph blockId="4.[151,1350,2001,2026]" box="[151,1350,2001,2026]" pageId="4" pageNumber="91">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,275,2001,2026]" pageId="4" pageNumber="91">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName box="[281,518,2002,2026]" class="Insecta" family="Corydalidae" genus="Protohermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Megaloptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stigmosus">
<emphasis box="[281,518,2002,2026]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="91">Protohermes stigmosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, female abdominal apex, 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[779,797,2001,2025]" pageId="4" pageNumber="91">A</emphasis>
. ventral view, 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[947,964,2002,2026]" pageId="4" pageNumber="91">B</emphasis>
. lateral view. Scale bar: 1 mm (A, B).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7745421" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7745421" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7745421/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="92" startId="5.[151,250,1699,1723]" targetBox="[171,1419,200,1662]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph blockId="5.[151,1436,1699,1795]" pageId="5" pageNumber="92">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,273,1699,1723]" pageId="5" pageNumber="92">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
Resulting tree from Maximum likelihood analyses of 558 base pairs of the partial COI genes of the three 
<taxonomicName pageId="5" pageNumber="92">
<emphasis box="[1306,1436,1699,1723]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="92">Protohermes</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
recorded in Thailand, including the selected outgroup. Numbers at internodes are bootstrap values (1000 replicates, values &lt;70% not shown). Scale bar indicates 0.05 nucleotide substitutions.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="93" pageId="5" pageNumber="92" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="5.[151,1436,1843,2011]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,151,499]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="93" pageId="5" pageNumber="92">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,310,1843,1867]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="92" reason="1">Remarks.</emphasis>
This species can be distinguished from the other members of the 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1853" box="[1022,1130,1843,1867]" class="Insecta" family="Corydalidae" genus="Protohermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Megaloptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="costalis">
<emphasis box="[1022,1130,1843,1867]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="92">P. costalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group by the ten small dark spots (five pairs) on the pronotum in both sexes, and by the configuration of male fused gonocoxites 10 with a pair of large subtriangular lobes medially. Among the Thai species of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="van der Weele" authorityYear="1907" box="[761,898,1915,1939]" class="Insecta" family="Corydalidae" genus="Protohermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Megaloptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[761,898,1915,1939]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="92">Protohermes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName box="[912,1043,1915,1939]" class="Insecta" family="Corydalidae" genus="Protohermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Megaloptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stigmosus">
<emphasis box="[912,1043,1915,1939]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="92">P. stigmosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
somewhat resembles 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Liu, Hayashi &amp; Yang" authorityYear="2007" box="[1279,1436,1915,1939]" class="Insecta" family="Corydalidae" genus="Protohermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Megaloptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="triangulatus">
<emphasis box="[1279,1436,1915,1939]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="92">P. triangulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the more complicated wing patterns. In this study, the female of 
<taxonomicName box="[872,1004,1951,1975]" class="Insecta" family="Corydalidae" genus="Protohermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Megaloptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stigmosus">
<emphasis box="[872,1004,1951,1975]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="92">P. stigmosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was collected and described for the first time. It is notable that the female genitalia of this species lacks the sac-like lateral lobes between abdominal segments 8 and 9. This trait is typical in the 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1853" box="[487,593,151,175]" class="Insecta" family="Corydalidae" genus="Protohermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Megaloptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="costalis">
<emphasis box="[487,593,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="93">P. costalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group, although there are several species lacking this lobe, such as 
<taxonomicName authority="Yang &amp; Yang, 1988" authorityName="Yang &amp; Yang" authorityYear="1988" class="Insecta" family="Corydalidae" genus="Protohermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Megaloptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="93">Protohermes niger</emphasis>
Yang &amp; Yang, 1988
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName authority="Liu, Hayashi &amp; Yang, 2007" authorityName="Liu, Hayashi &amp; Yang" authorityYear="2007" box="[490,1102,187,212]" class="Insecta" family="Corydalidae" genus="Protohermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Megaloptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="basimaculatus">
<emphasis box="[490,790,187,211]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="93">Protohermes basimaculatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Liu, X. Y. &amp; Hayashi, F. &amp; Yang, D." box="[799,1102,187,212]" pageId="6" pageNumber="93" pagination="1 - 46" refId="ref2627" refString="Liu, X. Y., Hayashi, F. &amp; Yang, D. (2007) Systematics of the Protohermes costalis species-group (Megaloptera: Corydalidae). Zootaxa, 1439 (1), 1 - 46. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1439.1.1" type="journal article" year="2007">Liu, Hayashi &amp; Yang, 2007</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Liu, X. Y. &amp; Hayashi, F. &amp; Yang, D." box="[1119,1289,187,212]" pageId="6" pageNumber="93" pagination="1 - 46" refId="ref2627" refString="Liu, X. Y., Hayashi, F. &amp; Yang, D. (2007) Systematics of the Protohermes costalis species-group (Megaloptera: Corydalidae). Zootaxa, 1439 (1), 1 - 46. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1439.1.1" type="journal article" year="2007">
Liu 
<emphasis box="[1167,1223,187,211]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="93">et al.</emphasis>
2007
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Chang, W. &amp; Hayashi, F. &amp; Liu, X. Y. &amp; Yang, D." pageId="6" pageNumber="93" pagination="84 - 92" refId="ref2552" refString="Chang, W., Hayashi, F., Liu, X. Y. &amp; Yang, D. (2013) Discovery of the female of Protohermes niger Yang &amp; Yang (Megaloptera: Corydalidae): Sexual dimorphism in coloration of a dobsonfly revealed by molecular evidence. Zootaxa, 3745 (1), 84 - 92. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3745.1.7" type="journal article" year="2013">
Chang 
<emphasis box="[1380,1437,187,211]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="93">et al.</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
). Whether the lack of the female sac-like lateral lobes indicates close relationships between above species (including 
<taxonomicName box="[151,282,260,283]" class="Insecta" family="Corydalidae" genus="Protohermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Megaloptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stigmosus">
<emphasis box="[151,282,260,283]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="93">P. stigmosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or exclusion of these species from the 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1853" box="[708,815,259,283]" class="Insecta" family="Corydalidae" genus="Protohermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Megaloptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="costalis">
<emphasis box="[708,815,259,283]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="93">P. costalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group needs further investigation.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="6.[151,1437,151,499]" pageId="6" pageNumber="93">
<taxonomicName box="[199,449,295,319]" class="Insecta" family="Corydalidae" genus="Protohermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Megaloptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stigmosus">
<emphasis box="[199,449,295,319]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="93">Protohermes stigmosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was first described based on a single adult male (reared from a larva) from 
<collectingRegion box="[1276,1360,296,319]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="6" pageNumber="93">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry box="[1373,1437,295,319]" name="China" pageId="6" pageNumber="93">China</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Liu, X. Y. &amp; Hayashi, F. &amp; Yang, D." box="[158,329,331,356]" pageId="6" pageNumber="93" pagination="1 - 46" refId="ref2627" refString="Liu, X. Y., Hayashi, F. &amp; Yang, D. (2007) Systematics of the Protohermes costalis species-group (Megaloptera: Corydalidae). Zootaxa, 1439 (1), 1 - 46. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1439.1.1" type="journal article" year="2007">
Liu 
<emphasis box="[206,263,331,355]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="93">et al.</emphasis>
2007
</bibRefCitation>
). 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:86308784FFBED32EADB9DD0C401DFE17:0B466049FFB8D32EAC73DB3B4384FE87" box="[349,402,331,355]" country="China" county="The" municipality="Based" name="Prior" pageId="6" pageNumber="93" stateProvince="Yunnan">Prior</location>
to the current record, no additional specimen had been found since 2007, suggesting possible rareness of this species. 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:86308784FFBED32EADB9DD0C401DFE17:0B466049FFB8D32EACB0DB1F43D1FE63" box="[414,455,367,391]" country="China" county="The" municipality="Based" name="The" pageId="6" pageNumber="93" stateProvince="Yunnan">The</location>
locality of the present record is approximately 1,000 kilometers far from the type locality. 
<collectingMunicipality box="[151,216,403,427]" pageId="6" pageNumber="93">Based</collectingMunicipality>
on the few specimens that have been collected, this species inhabits mountainous areas with elevations ca. 
<quantity box="[1349,1433,404,428]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="93" unit="m" value="1000.0">
<elevation box="[1349,1433,404,428]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="93" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</elevation>
</quantity>
. 
<collectingCounty box="[151,192,439,463]" pageId="6" pageNumber="93">The</collectingCounty>
<typeStatus box="[200,293,439,463]" pageId="6" pageNumber="93">holotype</typeStatus>
as well as the 
<specimenCount box="[453,562,439,463]" pageId="6" pageNumber="93" type="male">two males</specimenCount>
and 
<specimenCount box="[615,734,439,463]" pageId="6" pageNumber="93" type="female">one female</specimenCount>
from 
<collectingCountry box="[800,895,439,463]" name="Thailand" pageId="6" pageNumber="93">Thailand</collectingCountry>
were collected in March, thus mating flight of the species might be in the dry season.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>