211 lines
19 KiB
XML
211 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.10.e77507" ID-PMC="PMC9005457" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2828-10-e77507" ID-Pensoft-UUID="288453A2ADDD579F99B5A7DA74ADC6BF" ID-PubMed="35437396" ModsDocID="1314-2828-10-e77507" checkinTime="1648740984323" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Miller, Benjamin, Villet, Martin & Midgley, John Mark" docDate="2022" docId="19FAFF988D865F61BD1E029FBC8D2480" docLanguage="en" docName="BiodivDatJour 10: e77507" docOrigin="Biodiversity Data Journal 10" docPubDate="2022-03-31" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.10.e77507" docTitle="Philoliche (Philoliche) rondani" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" id="288453A2ADDD579F99B5A7DA74ADC6BF" lastPageNumber="77507" masterDocId="288453A2ADDD579F99B5A7DA74ADC6BF" masterDocTitle="A confirmed feeding attempt by the haematophagous horse fly Philoliche (Philoliche) rondani (Bertoloni, 1861) (Diptera: Tabanidae) on fresh carrion" masterLastPageNumber="77507" masterPageNumber="77507" pageNumber="77507" updateTime="1668121997615" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A confirmed feeding attempt by the haematophagous horse fly Philoliche (Philoliche) rondani (Bertoloni, 1861) (Diptera: Tabanidae) on fresh carrion</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Miller, Benjamin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1409-690X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Villet, Martin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4335-5667</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa & Southern African Forensic Entomology Research Laboratory, Makhanda, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Midgley, John Mark</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1203-3750</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>KwaZulu-Natal Museum, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa & Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">johnmidge@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Biodiversity Data Journal</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-03-31</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>10</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>77507</mods:start>
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<mods:end>77507</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.10.e77507</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.10.e77507</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2828-10-e77507</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">288453A2ADDD579F99B5A7DA74ADC6BF</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:19FAFF988D865F61BD1E029FBC8D2480" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/19FAFF988D865F61BD1E029FBC8D2480" lastPageNumber="77507" pageId="0" pageNumber="77507">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="77507" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="77507">
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<taxonomicName LSID="19FAFF98-8D86-5F61-BD1E-029FBC8D2480" authority="(Bertoloni, 1861)" baseAuthorityName="Bertoloni" baseAuthorityYear="1861" class="Insecta" family="Tabanidae" genus="Philoliche" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Philoliche (Philoliche) rondani" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="77507" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rondani" subGenus="Philoliche">Philoliche (Philoliche) rondani (Bertoloni, 1861)</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="77507" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="77507">Materials</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="77507">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2014-12" collectorName="Record Level, StillImage, Content, Creative Commons Attribution, International, R Boon, HumanObservation" country="South Africa" county="Occurrence" determinerName="John Chainey" latitude="-24.43333" location="Philoliche" longLatPrecision="1251" longitude="28.41666" municipality="Taxon" pageId="0" pageNumber="77507" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Limpopo" typeStatus="Other material">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77507">Type status:</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2014-12" collectorName="Record Level, StillImage, Content, Creative Commons Attribution, International, R Boon, HumanObservation" country="South Africa" county="Occurrence" determinerName="John Chainey" latitude="-24.43333" location="Philoliche" longLatPrecision="1251" longitude="28.41666" municipality="Taxon" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Limpopo" typeStatus="Other material">
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<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="77507">Other material</typeStatus>
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.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77507">
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<collectingCounty>Occurrence</collectingCounty>
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:
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</emphasis>
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individualCount:
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<specimenCount pageId="0" pageNumber="77507" type="generic">1</specimenCount>
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; sex:
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<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="77507">female</specimenType>
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; lifeStage:
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<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="77507">adult</specimenType>
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; behavior: feeding; occurrenceStatus: present; preparations: photograph;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77507">
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<collectingMunicipality>Taxon</collectingMunicipality>
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:
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</emphasis>
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scientificName:
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:19FAFF988D865F61BD1E029FBC8D2480:D14E691EB500D08B31627E6F60E10473" country="South Africa" county="Occurrence" latitude="-24.43333" longLatPrecision="1251" longitude="28.41666" municipality="Taxon" name="Philoliche" stateProvince="Limpopo">Philoliche</location>
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rondani; acceptedNameUsage:
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:19FAFF988D865F61BD1E029FBC8D2480:625C379FE2B45D96B03CBB083E346553" country="South Africa" county="Occurrence" latitude="-24.43333" longLatPrecision="1251" longitude="28.41666" municipality="Taxon" name="Philoliche" stateProvince="Limpopo">Philoliche</location>
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rondani; parentNameUsage:
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:19FAFF988D865F61BD1E029FBC8D2480:25EE6D3CB7EEBE8CD93C24C3A80BC86B" country="South Africa" county="Occurrence" latitude="-24.43333" longLatPrecision="1251" longitude="28.41666" municipality="Taxon" name="Tabanidae" stateProvince="Limpopo">Tabanidae</location>
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; kingdom:
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:19FAFF988D865F61BD1E029FBC8D2480:8CEF5088D1B69D19E14CF490EB948B33" country="South Africa" county="Occurrence" latitude="-24.43333" longLatPrecision="1251" longitude="28.41666" municipality="Taxon" name="Animalia" stateProvince="Limpopo">Animalia</location>
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; phylum:
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:19FAFF988D865F61BD1E029FBC8D2480:81664BC4F463787AB6D302DD658662BC" country="South Africa" county="Occurrence" latitude="-24.43333" longLatPrecision="1251" longitude="28.41666" municipality="Taxon" name="Arthropoda" stateProvince="Limpopo">Arthropoda</location>
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; class:
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:19FAFF988D865F61BD1E029FBC8D2480:E96F68E5DF71B53016FA9B712289F0F8" country="South Africa" county="Occurrence" latitude="-24.43333" longLatPrecision="1251" longitude="28.41666" municipality="Taxon" name="Insecta" stateProvince="Limpopo">Insecta</location>
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; order:
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:19FAFF988D865F61BD1E029FBC8D2480:D98F07BF9C510050D2E9F5FD06B0E374" country="South Africa" county="Occurrence" latitude="-24.43333" longLatPrecision="1251" longitude="28.41666" municipality="Taxon" name="Diptera" stateProvince="Limpopo">Diptera</location>
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; family:
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:19FAFF988D865F61BD1E029FBC8D2480:1C5848A4A2CF8FBC9BD15D12226CB32C" country="South Africa" county="Occurrence" latitude="-24.43333" longLatPrecision="1251" longitude="28.41666" municipality="Taxon" name="Tabanidae" stateProvince="Limpopo">Tabanidae</location>
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; genus:
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:19FAFF988D865F61BD1E029FBC8D2480:5D79C920AFF3BDCC98CA247C41BE266F" country="South Africa" county="Occurrence" latitude="-24.43333" longLatPrecision="1251" longitude="28.41666" municipality="Taxon" name="Philoliche" stateProvince="Limpopo">Philoliche</location>
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; specificEpithet: rondani; taxonRank: species; scientificNameAuthorship: (Bertoloni, 1861); nomenclaturalCode: ICZN; taxonomicStatus: accepted;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77507">
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:19FAFF988D865F61BD1E029FBC8D2480:26BE4B98A66F0C29ADDCFF2CA0A6D6DD" country="South Africa" county="Occurrence" latitude="-24.43333" longLatPrecision="1251" longitude="28.41666" municipality="Taxon" name="Location" stateProvince="Limpopo">Location</location>
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:
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</emphasis>
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higherGeographyID: 7017573; higherGeography:
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:19FAFF988D865F61BD1E029FBC8D2480:F59BB5E04203BEE4B7B80C2D060E3700" country="South Africa" county="Occurrence" latitude="-24.43333" longLatPrecision="1251" longitude="28.41666" municipality="Taxon" name="Africa" stateProvince="Limpopo">Africa</location>
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:
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<collectingCountry name="South Africa">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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:
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<collectingRegion country="South Africa" name="Limpopo">Limpopo</collectingRegion>
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:
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:19FAFF988D865F61BD1E029FBC8D2480:003A7E35D16CFE0D13F8115E54ABE415" country="South Africa" county="Occurrence" latitude="-24.43333" longLatPrecision="1251" longitude="28.41666" municipality="Taxon" name="Mookgophong" stateProvince="Limpopo">Mookgophong</location>
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: ASDIA
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:19FAFF988D865F61BD1E029FBC8D2480:C93E210F8CC8C15099E7D1E2E79A79EF" country="South Africa" county="Occurrence" latitude="-24.43333" longLatPrecision="1251" longitude="28.41666" municipality="Taxon" name="Wild Game Farm" stateProvince="Limpopo">Wild Game Farm</location>
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; continent:
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:19FAFF988D865F61BD1E029FBC8D2480:619995BF787FB65FAC313D76CEA6A021" country="South Africa" county="Occurrence" latitude="-24.43333" longLatPrecision="1251" longitude="28.41666" municipality="Taxon" name="Africa" stateProvince="Limpopo">Africa</location>
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; country:
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<collectingCountry name="South Africa" pageId="0" pageNumber="77507">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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; countryCode: ZA; stateProvince:
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<collectingRegion country="South Africa" name="Limpopo">Limpopo</collectingRegion>
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; locality:
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:19FAFF988D865F61BD1E029FBC8D2480:DEF1A73A86DF2CEA3794E9ED3FF97F2C" country="South Africa" county="Occurrence" latitude="-24.43333" longLatPrecision="1251" longitude="28.41666" municipality="Taxon" name="ASDIA Wild Game Farm" pageId="0" pageNumber="77507" stateProvince="Limpopo">
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ASDIA
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:19FAFF988D865F61BD1E029FBC8D2480:3035EADD1717D82B47F65D343490A0C8" country="South Africa" county="Occurrence" latitude="-24.43333" longLatPrecision="1251" longitude="28.41666" municipality="Taxon" name="Wild Game Farm" stateProvince="Limpopo">Wild Game Farm</location>
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</location>
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; verbatimLocality: ASDIA
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:19FAFF988D865F61BD1E029FBC8D2480:47533EE676908A3BEA1C6169E7BB8AA9" country="South Africa" county="Occurrence" latitude="-24.43333" longLatPrecision="1251" longitude="28.41666" municipality="Taxon" name="Wild Game Farm" stateProvince="Limpopo">Wild Game Farm</location>
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,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:19FAFF988D865F61BD1E029FBC8D2480:B7D02C956828C09ECFEA0B77240EA980" country="South Africa" county="Occurrence" latitude="-24.43333" longLatPrecision="1251" longitude="28.41666" municipality="Taxon" name="Mookgophong region" stateProvince="Limpopo">Mookgophong region</location>
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; locationAccordingTo:
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:19FAFF988D865F61BD1E029FBC8D2480:F2C47DDEEB9F0A417C36DE065AFE00A4" country="South Africa" county="Occurrence" latitude="-24.43333" longLatPrecision="1251" longitude="28.41666" municipality="Taxon" name="Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names" stateProvince="Limpopo">Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names</location>
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; verbatimCoordinates:
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<geoCoordinate degrees="24" direction="south" minutes="26" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-24.433332">24°26'S</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate degrees="28" direction="east" minutes="25" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="28.416666">28°25'E</geoCoordinate>
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; verbatimLatitude:
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<geoCoordinate degrees="24" direction="south" minutes="26" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-24.433332">24°26'S</geoCoordinate>
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; verbatimLongitude:
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<geoCoordinate degrees="28" direction="east" minutes="25" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="28.416666">28°25'E</geoCoordinate>
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; verbatimCoordinateSystem: degrees minutes; decimalLatitude:
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<geoCoordinate orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="77507" value="-24.43333">-24.43333</geoCoordinate>
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; decimalLongitude:
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<geoCoordinate orientation="longitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="77507" value="28.41666">28.41666</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77507">Identification:</emphasis>
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identifiedBy:
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<determinerName pageId="0" pageNumber="77507">John Chainey</determinerName>
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;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77507">Event:</emphasis>
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eventDate: 2014-12; startDayOfYear: 334; endDayOfYear: 365; year: 2014; month: 12; verbatimEventDate:
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<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="77507" value="2014-12">December 2014</collectingDate>
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; habitat: savanna; eventRemarks: about 18 hours post mortem;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77507">
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<collectorName>Record Level</collectorName>
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:
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</emphasis>
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type:
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<collectorName>StillImage</collectorName>
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; modified: 2014-12; rights:
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<collectorName>Content</collectorName>
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licensed under
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<collectorName>Creative Commons Attribution</collectorName>
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4.0
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<collectorName>International</collectorName>
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; rightsHolder:
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<collectorName>R Boon</collectorName>
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; basisOfRecord:
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<collectorName>HumanObservation</collectorName>
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</materialsCitation>
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="77507" type="ecology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="77507">Ecology</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="77507">
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At the ASDIA Wild Game Farm (
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<geoCoordinate degrees="24" direction="south" minutes="26" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-24.433332">24°26'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="28" direction="east" minutes="25" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="28.416666">28°25'E</geoCoordinate>
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) in the Mookgophong area of Limpopo, South Africa, a female of
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Bertoloni" baseAuthorityYear="1861" class="Insecta" family="Tabanidae" genus="Philoliche" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Philoliche (Philoliche) rondani" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="77507" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rondani" subGenus="Philoliche">Philoliche (Philoliche) rondani</taxonomicName>
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(Bertoloni, 1861) was photographed visiting the carcass of a blue wildebeest (
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Burchell" baseAuthorityYear="1823" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Connochaetes" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Connochaetes taurinus" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="0" pageNumber="77507" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taurinus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77507">Connochaetes taurinus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Burchell, 1823)) cow that had died during calving (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F7513833" captionText="Figure 1. A female of Philoliche (Philoliche) rondani (Bertoloni, 1861) feeding on the carcass of a blue wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus (Burchell, 1823 )) that died the previous day, approximately 18 hours earlier (Photograph by R. Boon, with permission)." figureDoi="10.3897/BDJ.10.e77507.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/599764" pageId="0" pageNumber="77507">1</figureCitation>
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). An additional specimen was observed, but not photographed. No specimens were collected. The incident occurred during December 2014 (austral summer). The flies' activity was located primarily on the lower part of the soft abdominal region of the carcass, closer to the ground. The flies were observed on the morning following the death, about 18 h post mortem. Accurate meteorological data is not available, but typical weather for December is warm, average minumum temperature is 17.4°C and average maximum 22.8°C. The flies were active when the observers arrived at the carcass and continued to visit the carcass for approximately five minutes. There was no obvious evidence of the animal being fed on by mammalian scavengers during the night, except that the calf had been dragged away from the remains of the mother. Adult blow flies already had a strong presence on other parts of the carcass.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="77507" type="notes">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="77507">Notes</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="77507">
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A random selection of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. (P.) rondani" pageId="0" pageNumber="77507" rank="species" species="rondani" subGenus="P.">P. (P.) rondani</taxonomicName>
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specimens was taken from the KwaZulu-Natal Museum entomology collection (n = 15) and the average ratio of proboscis length (oral margin to tip of proboscis) to head height (vertex to oral margin) was measured using vernier calipers.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="77507">
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Measurements of preserved specimens found the ratio of proboscis to head height to be 1.59:1 (n = 15). The minimum observed ratio was 1.15:1. In Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F7513833" captionText="Figure 1. A female of Philoliche (Philoliche) rondani (Bertoloni, 1861) feeding on the carcass of a blue wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus (Burchell, 1823 )) that died the previous day, approximately 18 hours earlier (Photograph by R. Boon, with permission)." figureDoi="10.3897/BDJ.10.e77507.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/599764" pageId="0" pageNumber="77507">1</figureCitation>
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, the ratio of visible length of the proboscis to head height is 1.10:1, indicating that the labellae have penetrated into the tissue to obtain a blood meal. This represents the first record of intrusive feeding on a post mortem host by
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" class="Insecta" family="Tabanidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="77507" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tabanidae</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |