treatments-xml/data/19/FA/91/19FA91E746B60772926CED0741683BC9.xml

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<document id="227A5200D43699597CCD4FD26E440DA1" ID-CLB-Dataset="35880" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.286.4438" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8eb9e776-76c2-4f09-8964-77205d602229" ID-PMC="PMC3677357" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-286-1" ID-PubMed="23794844" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2013" ModsDocID="1313-2970-286-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 286" ModsDocTitle="Revision of Sternaspis Otto, 1821 (Polychaeta, Sternaspidae)" checkinTime="1451247449682" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Sendall, Kelly &amp; Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I." docDate="2013" docId="19FA91E746B60772926CED0741683BC9" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 286: 1-74" docOrigin="ZooKeys 286" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.286.4438" docTitle="Sternaspidae Carus 1863" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="16" masterDocId="E62FFF94FFE6FFFEEA0AE45616142716" masterDocTitle="Revision of Sternaspis Otto, 1821 (Polychaeta, Sternaspidae)" masterLastPageNumber="74" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="15" updateTime="1732847680031" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="D7E468993E04D0B38A07B34A3EB4BB00">Revision of Sternaspis Otto, 1821 (Polychaeta, Sternaspidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="88A9CA225D100207D4ECAC8A6A783E3F">Sendall, Kelly</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="19FA91E746B60772926CED0741683BC9" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152042401" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:19FA91E746B60772926CED0741683BC9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/19FA91E746B60772926CED0741683BC9" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" scope_class="Polychaeta">
<subSubSection id="5657BA6AF216BA0B60734155A347C83F" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="06A4C0FCFFB35B63F401511E63028703" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
Family
<taxonomicName id="4B9636C2B8232BB8A7C07F96595BCCE3" ID-CoL="84KSY" LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Sternaspidae" authority="Carus, 1863" authorityName="Carus" authorityYear="1863" class="Polychaeta" family="Sternaspidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Terebellida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">Sternaspidae Carus, 1863</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1FAB7215213BDC07080ABAC66C492F8F" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="type genus">
<paragraph id="5BAFA3E5FA5AC986E0D27C48A7EEFF0F" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Type genus.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="86B823DA153F0AB7B91A3D23B075507E" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="4DF6CBEEA602818E8411A9630810F381" class="Polychaeta" family="Sternaspidae" genus="Sternaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sternaspis" order="Terebellida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Sternaspis</taxonomicName>
Otto, 1821.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="47B82736F126448D5A8914BD017292F1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="0A471A1359632379DA0D068E1F764FFC" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E068413CB267FC1FA41B032AE4329BCE" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Body peanut-shaped. Introvert with falcate, tapered or subdistally expanded hooks. Segments 7-8 constricted, with genital papillae protruding ventrally. Pre-shield region with 7 or 8 segments. Ventro-caudal shield usually stiff, often provided with radiating ribs and concentric lines, rarely flexible. Marginal shield chaetal fascicles include lateral and posterior chaetae, sometimes peg chaetae or additional delicate chaetae present. Branchiae coiled, abundant filaments, emerging from two lateral dorsal plates, near the anus, or directly from the body wall. Additional, thinner coiled interbranchial papillae present.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F09E649BFD820C2A72A08F88D4881CDD" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
Composition. Three genera:
<taxonomicName id="EC169AFFF551AD1976A0AC3CB51FACB9" class="Polychaeta" family="Sternaspidae" genus="Sternaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sternaspis" order="Terebellida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Sternaspis</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="9A4FFB9E0D522737F61544C345DDBB7D" class="Polychaeta" family="Sternaspidae" genus="Caulleryaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caulleryaspis" order="Terebellida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Caulleryaspis</taxonomicName>
gen. n. and
<taxonomicName id="D66FFA71CA7488BA5E02502600C8A5CD" class="Polychaeta" family="Sternaspidae" genus="Petersenaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Petersenaspis" order="Terebellida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Petersenaspis</taxonomicName>
gen. n.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D351CC5E9998ADE63DB79FF4A165CA6A" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="BB4770398908E74DE04D9A8C79886C59" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0088399E89DDEB2379555DB7D892AEA1" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<bibRefCitation id="F363FA901E5DFEA119B806A20A303698" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<normalizedToken id="A5774143074D7859CBF860CF1FA2F436" originalValue="Vejdovský">Vejdovsky</normalizedToken>
(1882)
</bibRefCitation>
published a very thorough account of the anatomy, physiology and development of
<taxonomicName id="730E29009A508481E1D01C20B18041C9" class="Polychaeta" family="Sternaspidae" genus="Sternaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sternaspis scutata" order="Terebellida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="scutata">Sternaspis scutata</taxonomicName>
; only a few months later,
<bibRefCitation id="CE449D185A415D8725B0584685B43C6B" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Rietsch (1882)</bibRefCitation>
published an equally thorough account of the same species. The reason
<taxonomicName id="287DC56096B7C82C78A44E5BB524256D" class="Polychaeta" family="Sternaspidae" genus="Sternaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sternaspis" order="Terebellida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Sternaspis</taxonomicName>
was given so much attention was likely due to the argument over the distinction between
<normalizedToken id="14F2D265230299A9354B01F3808D0D09" originalValue="“Gephyrea”">&quot;Gephyrea&quot;</normalizedToken>
and
<taxonomicName id="F8F16DB8B867AC4AD4E3AA1873D34D14" genus="Chaetopoda" lsidName="Chaetopoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="genus">Chaetopoda</taxonomicName>
within Annelida, and that
<taxonomicName id="783A762752537FEA547305447A713B32" class="Polychaeta" family="Sternaspidae" genus="Sternaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sternaspis" order="Terebellida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Sternaspis</taxonomicName>
had attributes that pertained to both groups. In general,
<taxonomicName id="11BF167726DB3225304790977AC2C9EE" class="Polychaeta" family="Sternaspidae" genus="Sternaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sternaspis" order="Terebellida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Sternaspis</taxonomicName>
does resemble an echiurid
<pageBreakToken id="2DBE8BADDCCEC910FA8B0D00CE86C219" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" start="start">from</pageBreakToken>
the exterior, even more so if one confuses the anterior end with the posterior, as was the case until corrected by
<bibRefCitation id="E91D4C5249609FC64928D236E5D28629" author="Krohn, A" journalOrPublisher="Muller's Archiv fur Anatomie, Physiologie und Wissenschafltiche Medicin" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="426 - 432" title="Uber den Sternaspis thalassemoides." volume="1842" year="1842">Krohn (1842)</bibRefCitation>
.
<bibRefCitation id="8FE1208E7423717F4577DF9A39D698B2" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<normalizedToken id="AE7E4C59446AE81C764134C51B25086F" originalValue="Vejdovský">Vejdovsky</normalizedToken>
(1882)
</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EF5FBB1BB9E49EBFD62F347BC9210B84" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Rietsch (1882)</bibRefCitation>
outlined the affinities aligning
<taxonomicName id="D523B007B38A599B5882EC9A62512456" class="Polychaeta" family="Sternaspidae" genus="Sternaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sternaspis" order="Terebellida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Sternaspis</taxonomicName>
with the polychaetes and shortly afterwards
<taxonomicName id="4F84E650C5E2A6071D6DDE17423DC405" class="Polychaeta" family="Sternaspidae" genus="Sternaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sternaspis" order="Terebellida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Sternaspis</taxonomicName>
was accepted as a polychaete (
<bibRefCitation id="84F6E14D7F5F5B482044B5A0CA905D68" author="Dahl, E" journalOrPublisher="Acta Universitatis lundensis" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="1 - 22" title="On the morphology and affinities of the annelid genus Sternaspis." volume="51" year="1955">Dahl 1955</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="37047EF328D2936DAB66CE0155D588B7" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
The family was proposed by
<bibRefCitation id="460A07E92E1035E3E02E3FFE6DFE8087" author="Carus, JV" journalOrPublisher="Handbuch der Zoologie" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="422 - 484" title="Vermes." volume="2" year="1863">Carus (1863</bibRefCitation>
: 453) and one hundred years later, it was regarded as forming an independent order by
<bibRefCitation id="CA98AE6B43918A195717E78CEA5A155D" author="Dales, RP" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society, London" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="389 - 428" title="The polychaete stomodeum and the interrelationships of the families of Polychaeta." url="10.1111/j.1469-7998.1962.tb01837.x" volume="139" year="1962">Dales (1962)</bibRefCitation>
. This proposal was accepted by
<bibRefCitation id="9994D9116E02FF3B4D105B52BA02E4CD" author="Fauchald, K" journalOrPublisher="Definitions and keys to the orders, families and genera, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County Science Series" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="1 - 190" title="The Polychaete Worms." volume="28" year="1977">Fauchald (1977)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="4805D65750C99601130613875FB3E135" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Pettibone (1982)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="039AD605687F998EB4A53D20642A7706" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
George and
<normalizedToken id="E1740B0D921F1F3184A30768E1EA327F" originalValue="Hartmann-Schröder">Hartmann-Schroeder</normalizedToken>
(1985)
</bibRefCitation>
, and
<bibRefCitation id="D4E4456A165E94660B48F65443E1DCA9" author="Hartmann-Schroeder, G" journalOrPublisher=", Fischer, Jena" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" title="Annelida, Borstenwuermer, Polychaeta. Die Tierwelt Deutschlands 58: 2 nd ed." year="1996">
<normalizedToken id="FBA7510C82BB0579712BBEA2E6660973" originalValue="Hartmann-Schröder">Hartmann-Schroeder</normalizedToken>
(1996)
</bibRefCitation>
. An analysis of morphology and six genes (
<bibRefCitation id="203DEB65A1A0AE7DB21FF16E9D5359EC" author="Zrzavy, J" journalOrPublisher="BMC Evolutionary Biology" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="189 - 203" title="Phylogeny of Annelida (Lophotrochozoa): total evidence analysis of morphology and six genes." url="10.1186/1471-2148/9/189" volume="9" year="2009">
<normalizedToken id="4E216098F6829024B0750EB660AA73A8" originalValue="Zrzavý">Zrzavy</normalizedToken>
et al. 2009
</bibRefCitation>
) did not clarify the affinities for sternaspids because different approaches gave different topologies or affinities. Thus, their Bayesian combination indicates
<taxonomicName id="7A6F614793D6E14D908CBAFFA4A79410" class="Polychaeta" family="Sternaspidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Terebellida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">Sternaspidae</taxonomicName>
are a sister group to a clade including sabellids-serpulids, sabellariids, and
<taxonomicName id="2602C58B1533AF0EEFAD205921D62B61" class="Polychaeta" family="Trochochaetidae" genus="Trochochaeta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trochochaeta" order="Spionida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Trochochaeta</taxonomicName>
-
<taxonomicName id="CE49C5592DC449F85024735F7E3C3766" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Spionida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">Spionidae</taxonomicName>
-
<taxonomicName id="551B59E910A9589F7508A8B4A6AE6EA7" class="Polychaeta" family="Poecilochaetidae" genus="Poecilochaetus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Poecilochaetus" order="Spionida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Poecilochaetus</taxonomicName>
. The unweighted maximum-parsimony indicates they form a clade with sabellariids, which is a sister group to
<taxonomicName id="C847D6AED633C46159128D2BC6ED0703" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Sabellida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">Sabellidae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="D3B525604A003EE402FA8F9F23A59B9C" class="Polychaeta" family="Trochochaetidae" genus="Trochochaeta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trochochaeta" order="Spionida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Trochochaeta</taxonomicName>
-
<taxonomicName id="453F4CD0B20B6BB36E0DDC1297CCA558" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Spionida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">Spionidae</taxonomicName>
-
<taxonomicName id="773E9F99B3AADADFFBEDC5247A7F52F4" class="Polychaeta" family="Poecilochaetidae" genus="Poecilochaetus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Poecilochaetus" order="Spionida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Poecilochaetus</taxonomicName>
. The weighted maximum-parsimony indicates they group with
<taxonomicName id="B6CA2FA0BB8341C62491B8DDF256CDAA" class="Polychaeta" family="Fauveliopsidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Terebellida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">Fauveliopsidae</taxonomicName>
, and together become a sister group for
<taxonomicName id="FAB063648D799EDC59703DCDFB203770" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Sabellida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">Sabellidae</taxonomicName>
-
<taxonomicName id="8017CA2EE184359850E4B57FA321EFC8" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Sabellida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">Serpulidae</taxonomicName>
, which is a sister group to
<taxonomicName id="21DD8C0A32888F692EC2E14144B9EC1E" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellariidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">Sabellariidae</taxonomicName>
and the other grouped taxa of former analysis.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7FAC12982417EEC63F236639C18430C8" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="key to genera of sternaspidae carus, 1863">
<paragraph id="49B7C7B02429E1513860CDDD03F0B78C" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Key to genera of
<taxonomicName id="463806DD2DCDDE08394ABFAC4C4150C2" class="Polychaeta" family="Sternaspidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Terebellida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">Sternaspidae</taxonomicName>
Carus, 1863
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E5999EA9D1C71C95F88A714E0E0E4C07" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<table id="7A577EBDEA2912A8DA4089F7632FF586" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<tr id="E960F28F990D5500ADDE68CF9DE5DA5B" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<td id="21B6A1FD9FC4842A0895868F51366866" colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="C52CB71EDF2005EF9DFFF89BFF6164B2" class="Polychaeta" family="Sternaspidae" genus="Caulleryaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caulleryaspis" order="Terebellida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Caulleryaspis</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="76588A22A2CBE15BF0ABE3B40A6A7F9F" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<td id="8EE52E80533A4359AC81808F06B71DE9" colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="1D6386E6E1F6729CD3C6D28BD02C1205" class="Polychaeta" family="Sternaspidae" genus="Sternaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sternaspis" order="Terebellida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Sternaspis</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2EC76DF408CDD19B7A57B9C05CB791FE" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<td id="B89DD0D900FD9BA70416DD579159B6FC" colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="B8F3D8B697524A0B1B8F2B449E98134C" class="Polychaeta" family="Sternaspidae" genus="Petersenaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Petersenaspis" order="Terebellida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Petersenaspis</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>