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<document id="320722FB516BE735FCA544820067C49F" ID-CLB-Dataset="79796" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5155.3.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7f05e3a4-714f-4a5e-b178-400d72180b4c" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6683274" ID-ZooBank="D93AABE9-53FB-42E3-8A01-E44C63B1175C" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1655879908721" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Tavakoli, Majid, Stone, Graham N., Pujade-Villar, Juli &amp; Melika, George" docDate="2022" docId="F62087EEFFBFFF8793B2F968FC761C37" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5155.3.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5155 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Phanacis tavakolii Melika, Stone &amp; Pujade-Villar 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="FE35EB75-16D5-494B-9A17-FF3861DB54FB" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="330" masterDocId="0A19FF96FFA7FF9A9325FFC7FFC91F22" masterDocTitle="New herb gall wasps from Iran (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae)" masterLastPageNumber="333" masterPageNumber="301" pageNumber="325" updateTime="1699349283125" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:mods id="B89134CCC933B1D9E21A2FEBA0FF44E7" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="86CE5DFB34BDD6B02A9A707DD65EC60C">
<mods:title id="8DF728D69F9BC639851B882B93C5FD45">New herb gall wasps from Iran (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="96DBB53C3C632491A66EB031A75FD7EB" type="personal">
<mods:role id="B3484FCF90C9229C18F9AC236231F3A4">
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<mods:namePart id="4A72D1760ECBE803143E1355360A2F9B">Tavakoli, Majid</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="78A111F794755E29DD55EC86C9C1D7D3" type="ORCID">0000-0002-5204-6890</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="AE306F702D27CB75CED084F0391A2A08">Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Lorestan Agricultural &amp; Natural Resources Research Centre, Khorramabad, Iran. majid. tavakoli 43 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 5204 - 6890</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="DFDC7B71E90277814E7FC163550124C0" type="email">majid.tavakoli43@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="2D5A64B60CD608BEA569B99F0AA0110B">Stone, Graham N.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="A06B642A7DA6F19E7EB411DB46673A9C" type="ORCID">0000-0002-2737-696X</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="FDE610967CBB627DF574224B65093C27">Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, King’s Buildings, Charlotte Auerbach Road, Edinburgh EH 9 3 FL, Scotland, U. K. graham. stone @ ed. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 2737 - 696 X</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="E77957822355C6EE2DDC4EF2EFE4AACB" type="email">graham.stone@ed.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="3AC25CCE397A779F2F52CA27F13A5321" type="personal">
<mods:role id="9A6EDE26E321B0F04CCB5411F164FA72">
<mods:roleTerm id="07407434BFC0645E2CD43F98934A3C93">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="4AFB184B2302983111547746D203C670">Pujade-Villar, Juli</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="757696CD55CA4C16217151D16DE76497" type="ORCID">0000-0001-7798-2717</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="B257BF7EDEC64499A237834CEB6C3C41">Universitat de Barcelona, Facultat de Biologia, Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals (BEECA), Avda. Diagonal 645, 08028 - Barcelona, Spain. jpujade @ ub. edu; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 7798 - 2717</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="4C433678AA26B2983CE75D36A28F0CAE" type="email">jpujade@ub.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="C873C19788546725AC0CDCDCC1B985DB" type="personal">
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="4ACF1978FBEFA8842F89CDFFCEFF8ECB">Melika, George</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="68C8A266CDDC667D6E656351A3DB94BA" type="ORCID">0000-0002-5204-6890</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="21936F4B7C825F95E57332D211123C99">Plant Health Diagnostic National Reference Laboratory, National Food Chain Safety Office, Budaorsi str. 141 - 145, Budapest 1118, Hungary. melikageorge @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 5204 - 6890</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="F7AAE36E453376700B1C0B791CFDC0E4" type="email">melikageorge@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="E28B884BF90BA227D8224107FDD73B3C">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="0516B5D25830A58235A80C8EA1F4F4C0">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="9DEC78E86F2422966AC7A7150E5F035E">
<mods:date id="ACE1E52DD1C5F27AF1D3F699F00AA693">2022</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="A1FBA48309E30E976A12BDADE8E7FCC5" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="5EF3B559CDE1FE046879A067AB2F2136">2022-06-22</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="9879A21B6E738FE27F24552CF9B2B3CA">5155</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="1FCCAED0F94F88C5D820F2EBD1BEEF4E">3</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="3624633F61EA68D6B868E190E47DCB7E">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="BF398F6BFCD91C70A88228404CFFBE02" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5155.3.1</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
<treatment id="F62087EEFFBFFF8793B2F968FC761C37" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6683302" ID-GBIF-Taxon="196159506" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6683302" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:FE35EB75-16D5-494B-9A17-FF3861DB54FB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F62087EEFFBFFF8793B2F968FC761C37" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="330" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">
<subSubSection id="36936573FFBFFF8293B2F968FCAF19EB" box="[151,870,1711,1738]" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="7E3636F8FFBFFF8293B2F968FCAF19EB" blockId="24.[151,966,1711,1810]" box="[151,870,1711,1738]" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">
<heading id="257E8194FFBFFF8293B2F968FCAF19EB" bold="true" box="[151,870,1711,1738]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" reason="1">
<emphasis id="4CFDEAEAFFBFFF8293B2F968FCAF19EB" bold="true" box="[151,870,1711,1738]" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">
<taxonomicName id="B9894D7BFFBFFF8293B2F968FD3219EB" authority="Melika, Stone &amp; Pujade-Villar" authorityName="Melika, Stone &amp; Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2022" box="[151,763,1711,1738]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Phanacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tavakolii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4CFDEAEAFFBFFF8293B2F968FEBE19E8" bold="true" box="[151,375,1711,1738]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">Phanacis tavakolii</emphasis>
Melika, Stone &amp; Pujade-Villar
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="57CE5791FFBFFF82902DF968FCAF19EB" box="[776,870,1711,1737]" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="36936573FFBFFF8293B2F914FC0F1830" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" type="description">
<paragraph id="7E3636F8FFBFFF8293B2F914FEE619CF" blockId="24.[151,966,1711,1810]" box="[151,303,1747,1773]" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">
<figureCitation id="E6B22A7DFFBFFF8293B2F914FEE619CF" box="[151,303,1747,1773]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 101–107" captionStart-1="FIGURES 108–111" captionStart-2="FIGURES 112–113" captionStart-3="FIGURES 114–116" captionStartId-0="26.[151,264,1904,1928]" captionStartId-1="27.[151,264,1544,1568]" captionStartId-2="28.[151,264,1415,1439]" captionStartId-3="29.[151,264,1968,1992]" captionTargetBox-0="[160,1427,461,1862]" captionTargetBox-1="[155,1429,189,1509]" captionTargetBox-2="[171,1421,470,1388]" captionTargetBox-3="[162,1425,813,1945]" captionTargetId-0="figure-148@26.[151,1437,453,1881]" captionTargetId-1="figure-19@27.[151,1436,181,1520]" captionTargetId-2="figure-139@28.[151,1436,453,1391]" captionTargetId-3="figure-256@29.[162,1425,813,1945]" captionTargetPageId-0="26" captionTargetPageId-1="27" captionTargetPageId-2="28" captionTargetPageId-3="29" captionText-0="FIGURES 101–107. Phanacis tavakolii Melika, Stone &amp; Pujade-Villar, sp. nov., female. 101–104, head: 101, frontal view, 102, dorsal view, 103, posterior view, 104, lateral view. 105, antenna, 106, pronotum and mesoscutum, anterodorsal view, 107, propleura, frontal view." captionText-1="FIGURES 108–111. Phanacis tavakolii Melika, Stone &amp; Pujade-Villar, sp. nov., female. 108, mesosoma, lateral view, 109–110, mesoscutum and mesoscutellum, dorsal view, 111, metascutellum and propodeum, posterodorsal view." captionText-2="FIGURES 112–113. Phanacis tavakolii Melika, Stone &amp; Pujade-Villar, sp. nov., female. 112, forewing, 113, metasoma, lateral view." captionText-3="FIGURES 114–116. Phanacis tavakolii Melika, Stone &amp; Pujade-Villar, sp. nov.. 114, host plant, Cichorium intybus (Asteraceae), 115, infested plant, 116, stems with galls." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6683345" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6683349" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6683351" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6683353" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/6683345/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/6683349/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/6683351/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/6683353/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">Figs 101–116</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7E3636F8FFBFFF8293B2F930FC0F1830" blockId="24.[151,966,1711,1810]" box="[151,966,1783,1810]" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">
<uri id="0A183AFAFFBFFF8293B2F930FC0F1830" box="[151,966,1783,1810]" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
<uuid id="0A2F0C2DFFBFFF829289F930FC0F1830" box="[428,966,1783,1810]" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">FE35EB75-16D5-494B-9A17-FF3861DB54FB</uuid>
</uri>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="36936573FFBFFF8393B2F8F8FF22191B" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="326" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="7E3636F8FFBFFF8293B2F8F8FBD118E4" blockId="24.[151,1437,1855,1990]" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">
<emphasis id="4CFDEAEAFFBFFF8293B2F8F8FE8F187B" bold="true" box="[151,326,1855,1881]" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">Type material:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="CEE13CA5FFBFFF82926EF8F8FCFC1883" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3818556303" collectorName="M. Tavakoli" country="Iran" elevation="2056" latitude="33.281387" location="Lorestan" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="48.465557" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Lorestan" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="A132885AFFBFFF82926EF8F8FE16187B" box="[331,479,1855,1881]" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
female “
<collectingCountry id="069E7668FFBFFF829165F8F8FD43187B" box="[576,650,1855,1881]" name="Iran" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">IRAN</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="BC4DF81AFFBFFF8291B1F887FD301878" box="[660,761,1856,1882]" country="Iran" name="Lorestan" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">Lorestan</collectingRegion>
, Khorramabad-Tafe Nozhian. GPS coordinates:
<geoCoordinate id="1BBD503FFFBFFF82962AF8F8FA5E1878" box="[1295,1431,1855,1882]" degrees="48" direction="east" minutes="27" orientation="longitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" precision="15" seconds="56" value="48.465557">48°27’56”E</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="1BBD503FFFBFFF8293B2F8A4FEEA185C" box="[151,291,1891,1918]" degrees="33" direction="north" minutes="16" orientation="latitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" precision="15" seconds="53" value="33.281387">33°16’53”N</geoCoordinate>
,
<elevation id="F5A4D1CBFFBFFF82920BF8A4FE77185F" box="[302,446,1891,1918]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.056" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" unit="m" value="2056.0">
<quantity id="B9719B1DFFBFFF82920BF8A4FE4B185C" box="[302,386,1891,1918]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.056" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" unit="m" value="2056.0">2056 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
, Code 42, galls in stems of
<taxonomicName id="B9894D7BFFBFFF8291CAF8A4FC77185F" box="[751,958,1891,1917]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cichorium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="intybus">
<emphasis id="4CFDEAEAFFBFFF8291CAF8A4FC77185F" box="[751,958,1891,1917]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">Cichorium intybus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L., coll.
<collectorName id="D37C532EFFBFFF829704F8A3FB65185F" box="[1057,1196,1891,1918]" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">M. Tavakoli</collectorName>
, 2017; galls collected in Winter 2017; adults emerge by the end of Winter 2017.”
</materialsCitation>
<typeStatus id="A132885AFFBFFF829018F840FC151883" box="[829,988,1927,1953]" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" type="paratype">PARATYPES</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCount id="688FFD71FFBFFF8290CDF840FBAA1883" box="[1000,1123,1927,1953]" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" type="female">10 females</specimenCount>
with the same labels as the
<typeStatus id="A132885AFFBFFF8293B2F86CFF3418E7" box="[151,253,1963,1989]" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
. The
<typeStatus id="A132885AFFBFFF82921CF86CFE5218E7" box="[313,411,1963,1989]" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
female and the
<typeStatus id="A132885AFFBFFF82916BF86BFD7018E4" box="[590,697,1964,1990]" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
are deposited at the PHDNRL.
</paragraph>
<caption id="2AF66670FFBEFF8393B2FA56FD5F1AEF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6683342" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6683342" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6683342/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="326" startId="25.[151,264,1425,1449]" targetBox="[151,1435,181,1400]" targetPageId="25">
<paragraph id="7E3636F8FFBEFF8393B2FA56FD5F1AEF" blockId="25.[151,1436,1425,1485]" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">
<emphasis id="4CFDEAEAFFBEFF8393B2FA56FEA81A8B" bold="true" box="[151,353,1425,1449]" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">FIGURES 99–100.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B9894D7BFFBEFF839242FA56FCE71A8B" authority="Melika, Stone &amp; Tavakoli" authorityName="Melika, Stone &amp; Tavakoli" authorityYear="2022" box="[359,814,1425,1449]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Phanacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="326" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strigosa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4CFDEAEAFFBEFF839242FA56FDD71A8B" box="[359,542,1425,1449]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">Phanacis strigosa</emphasis>
Melika, Stone &amp; Tavakoli
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="4CFDEAEAFFBEFF83901CFA56FC401A8B" bold="true" box="[825,905,1425,1449]" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="57CE5791FFBEFF83901CFA56FC401A8B" box="[825,905,1425,1449]" pageId="25" pageNumber="326" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, galls. 99,
<taxonomicName id="B9894D7BFFBEFF8390DFFA55FB461A8B" box="[1018,1167,1426,1449]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Picris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="25" pageNumber="326" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="strigosa">
<emphasis id="4CFDEAEAFFBEFF8390DFFA55FB461A8B" box="[1018,1167,1426,1449]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">Picris strigosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with galls, 100, stem with emerging holes and larval cells in dissected stems.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="7E3636F8FFBEFF8393E2FA3CFF22191B" blockId="25.[151,1437,1531,2026]" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">
<emphasis id="4CFDEAEAFFBEFF8393E2FA3CFDF11937" bold="true" box="[199,568,1531,1557]" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">Additional material examined.</emphasis>
Thirty females with the same collection data as the holotype. No males are known.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="36936573FFBEFF8393E2F983FB5919A0" pageId="25" pageNumber="326" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="7E3636F8FFBEFF8393E2F983FB5919A0" blockId="25.[151,1437,1531,2026]" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">
<emphasis id="4CFDEAEAFFBEFF8393E2F983FE87197C" bold="true" box="[199,334,1604,1630]" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">Etymology.</emphasis>
In recognition of the continuing contribution of Majid Tavakoli (
<collectingRegion id="BC4DF81AFFBEFF839704F983FB4C197C" box="[1057,1157,1604,1630]" country="Iran" name="Lorestan" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">Lorestan</collectingRegion>
Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, Khorramabad,
<collectingRegion id="BC4DF81AFFBEFF83915BF9AFFD2A19A0" box="[638,739,1640,1666]" country="Iran" name="Lorestan" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">Lorestan</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="069E7668FFBEFF8391CBF9AFFCD419A0" box="[750,797,1640,1666]" name="Iran" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">Iran</collectingCountry>
) to studies on gall wasps of
<collectingCountry id="069E7668FFBEFF83977EF9AFFB4519A0" box="[1115,1164,1640,1666]" name="Iran" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">Iran</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="36936573FFBEFF8093E2F94CFD111E8F" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="327" pageId="25" pageNumber="326" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="7E3636F8FFBEFF8093E2F94CFD111E8F" blockId="25.[151,1437,1531,2026]" lastBlockId="26.[151,1437,151,429]" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="327" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">
<emphasis id="4CFDEAEAFFBEFF8393E2F94CFE8B1987" bold="true" box="[199,322,1675,1701]" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
The only species currently known to induce stem galls on
<taxonomicName id="B9894D7BFFBEFF8390E6F94CFB581987" box="[963,1169,1675,1701]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cichorium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="25" pageNumber="326" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="intybus">
<emphasis id="4CFDEAEAFFBEFF8390E6F94CFB581987" box="[963,1169,1675,1701]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">Cichorium intybus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. (
<taxonomicName id="B9894D7BFFBEFF83979EF94BFAF01984" box="[1211,1337,1676,1702]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="25" pageNumber="326" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
) without any external deformation on the infested stem is
<taxonomicName id="B9894D7BFFBEFF839195F968FBED19E8" authority="(Kieffer, 1909)" baseAuthorityName="Kieffer" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[688,1060,1711,1738]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Phanacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="326" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cichorii">
<emphasis id="4CFDEAEAFFBEFF839195F968FCBC19EB" box="[688,885,1711,1737]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">Phanacis cichorii</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="1A184B09FFBEFF8390A6F968FBD419E8" author="Kieffer, J. J." box="[899,1053,1711,1738]" pageId="25" pageNumber="326" pagination="57 - 96" refId="ref13011" refString="Kieffer, J. J. (1909) Description de nouveaux cynipides gallicoles. Bullettin de la Societe d'Histoire Naturelle de la Metz, 26, 57 - 96. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 13504" type="journal article" year="1909">Kieffer, 1909</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, distributed in Europe,
<collectingCountry id="069E7668FFBEFF839600F968FF0E19CC" name="Turkmenistan" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">Turkmenistan</collectingCountry>
, Transcaucasus, Asia. Only females are known (Melika 2006) and have been introduced to
<collectingCountry id="069E7668FFBEFF8397E6F914FAE319CF" box="[1219,1322,1747,1773]" name="Australia" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">Australia</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="069E7668FFBEFF839645F914FA5419CF" box="[1376,1437,1747,1773]" name="Chile" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">Chile</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="1A184B09FFBEFF8393BAF930FE2E1830" author="Nieves-Aldrey, J. L. &amp; Grez, A." box="[159,487,1783,1810]" pageId="25" pageNumber="326" pagination="921 - 927" refId="ref14095" refString="Nieves-Aldrey, J. L. &amp; Grez, A. (2007) Two cynipid species inducing galls to herbaceous weeds (Hym., Cynipidae) introduced in Chile. Agrociencia, noviembre-diciembre, 921 - 927." type="book chapter" year="2007">Nieves-Aldrey &amp; Grez 2007</bibRefCitation>
). Morphologically the new species most closely resembles
<emphasis id="4CFDEAEAFFBEFF8397A3F93FFACB1833" box="[1158,1282,1783,1809]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">
<taxonomicName id="B9894D7BFFBEFF8397A3F93FFB371833" baseAuthorityName="Kieffer" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[1158,1278,1783,1809]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Phanacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="326" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cichorii">P. cichorii</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
In
<taxonomicName id="B9894D7BFFBEFF83960CF93FFA551833" baseAuthorityName="Kieffer" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[1321,1436,1783,1809]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Phanacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="326" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cichorii">
<emphasis id="4CFDEAEAFFBEFF83960CF93FFA551833" box="[1321,1436,1783,1809]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">P. cichorii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the lower face is uniformly striate, with the striae radiating from the clypeus and nearly reaching the eye and toruli, the antenna is shorter than the head+mesosoma, all flagellomeres with long dark setae; submedian pronotal pits without a median carina separating them; the mesoscutum is reticulate with more dull sculpture in between notauli, in the posterior half and with more transverse sculpture in between notauli in the anterior half; the mesoscutellum is dull rugose laterally and posteriorly, with more delicate coriaceous sculpture towards the center of the mesoscutellar disk; the metapleural sulcus reaching mesopleuron in the upper 1/3 of its height, delimiting a narrow smooth area along mesopleuron, the upper part of sulcus indistinct; the central propodeal area rugose; 3rd metasomal tergum and subsequent terga with micropunctures. In
<taxonomicName id="B9894D7BFFBDFF80914FFF7CFD2E1FF7" authority="Tavakoli &amp; Stone &amp; Pujade-Villar &amp; Melika, 2022" authorityName="Tavakoli &amp; Stone &amp; Pujade-Villar &amp; Melika" authorityYear="2022" box="[618,743,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Phanacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tavakolii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4CFDEAEAFFBDFF80914FFF7CFD2E1FF7" box="[618,743,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">P. tavakolii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="4CFDEAEAFFBDFF8091CBFF7CFC8E1FF7" bold="true" box="[750,839,187,213]" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="57CE5791FFBDFF8091CBFF7CFC8E1FF7" box="[750,839,187,213]" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
the lower face only has striae radiating laterally from the clypeus and reaching the torulus, centrally the lower face is alutaceous, without striae; the antenna is longer than the head+mesosoma, flagellomeres with white setae; submedian pronotal pits separated by an area more than 2.0× as broad as width of a pit; the mesoscutum uniformly alutaceous-reticulate, the mesoscutellum uniformly delicately rugose, the metapleural sulcus reaching the mesopleuron only slightly above the mid height, delimiting a broad coriaceous area along the mesopleuron, the upper part of sulcus distinct; the central propodeal area coriaceous, without rugae; all metasomal terga without micropunctures.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="2AF66670FFBDFF8093B2F8B7FE4F18F3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6683345" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6683345" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6683345/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" startId="26.[151,264,1904,1928]" targetBox="[160,1427,461,1862]" targetPageId="26">
<paragraph id="7E3636F8FFBDFF8093B2F8B7FE4F18F3" blockId="26.[151,1436,1904,2001]" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">
<emphasis id="4CFDEAEAFFBDFF8093B2F8B7FEB918AA" bold="true" box="[151,368,1904,1928]" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">FIGURES 101–107.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B9894D7BFFBDFF80925DF8B6FCB418AB" authority="Melika, Stone &amp; Pujade-Villar" authorityName="Melika, Stone &amp; Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2022" box="[376,893,1905,1929]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Phanacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tavakolii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4CFDEAEAFFBDFF80925DF8B6FDFE18AB" box="[376,567,1905,1929]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">Phanacis tavakolii</emphasis>
Melika, Stone &amp; Pujade-Villar
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="4CFDEAEAFFBDFF8090ACF8B6FC1518AB" bold="true" box="[905,988,1905,1929]" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="57CE5791FFBDFF8090ACF8B6FC1518AB" box="[905,988,1905,1929]" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, female. 101–104, head: 101, frontal view, 102, dorsal view, 103, posterior view, 104, lateral view. 105, antenna, 106, pronotum and mesoscutum, anterodorsal view, 107, propleura, frontal view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="2AF66670FFBCFF8193B2F9CFFB611966" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6683349" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6683349" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6683349/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" startId="27.[151,264,1544,1568]" targetBox="[155,1429,189,1509]" targetPageId="27">
<paragraph id="7E3636F8FFBCFF8193B2F9CFFB611966" blockId="27.[151,1436,1544,1604]" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">
<emphasis id="4CFDEAEAFFBCFF8193B2F9CFFEA31902" bold="true" box="[151,362,1544,1568]" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">FIGURES 108–111.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B9894D7BFFBCFF81924BF9CFFCAA1902" authority="Melika, Stone &amp; Pujade-Villar" authorityName="Melika, Stone &amp; Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2022" box="[366,867,1544,1568]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Phanacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tavakolii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4CFDEAEAFFBCFF81924BF9CFFDE21902" box="[366,555,1544,1568]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">Phanacis tavakolii</emphasis>
Melika, Stone &amp; Pujade-Villar
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="4CFDEAEAFFBCFF81904EF9CFFC721902" bold="true" box="[875,955,1544,1568]" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="57CE5791FFBCFF81904EF9CFFC721902" box="[875,955,1544,1568]" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, female. 108, mesosoma, lateral view, 109–110, mesoscutum and mesoscutellum, dorsal view, 111, metascutellum and propodeum, posterodorsal view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="36936573FFBCFF8793E2F9B5FD1D1D8B" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="330" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" type="description">
<paragraph id="7E3636F8FFBCFF8193E2F9B5FC7619F6" blockId="27.[151,1437,1650,2037]" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">
<emphasis id="4CFDEAEAFFBCFF8193E2F9B5FE9019AE" bold="true" box="[199,345,1650,1676]" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">Description.</emphasis>
Female (
<figureCitation id="E6B22A7DFFBCFF8192E6F9B5FDAB19AE" box="[451,610,1650,1676]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 101–107" captionStart-1="FIGURES 108–111" captionStart-2="FIGURES 112–113" captionStartId-0="26.[151,264,1904,1928]" captionStartId-1="27.[151,264,1544,1568]" captionStartId-2="28.[151,264,1415,1439]" captionTargetBox-0="[160,1427,461,1862]" captionTargetBox-1="[155,1429,189,1509]" captionTargetBox-2="[171,1421,470,1388]" captionTargetId-0="figure-148@26.[151,1437,453,1881]" captionTargetId-1="figure-19@27.[151,1436,181,1520]" captionTargetId-2="figure-139@28.[151,1436,453,1391]" captionTargetPageId-0="26" captionTargetPageId-1="27" captionTargetPageId-2="28" captionText-0="FIGURES 101–107. Phanacis tavakolii Melika, Stone &amp; Pujade-Villar, sp. nov., female. 101–104, head: 101, frontal view, 102, dorsal view, 103, posterior view, 104, lateral view. 105, antenna, 106, pronotum and mesoscutum, anterodorsal view, 107, propleura, frontal view." captionText-1="FIGURES 108–111. Phanacis tavakolii Melika, Stone &amp; Pujade-Villar, sp. nov., female. 108, mesosoma, lateral view, 109–110, mesoscutum and mesoscutellum, dorsal view, 111, metascutellum and propodeum, posterodorsal view." captionText-2="FIGURES 112–113. Phanacis tavakolii Melika, Stone &amp; Pujade-Villar, sp. nov., female. 112, forewing, 113, metasoma, lateral view." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6683345" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6683349" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6683351" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/6683345/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/6683349/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/6683351/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">Figs 101–113</figureCitation>
). Head and mesosoma black, mandibles and palpi light brown to yellow; antenna dark brown, except much lighter F1–F3, pedicel and scape; legs uniformly light brown to yellow; metasoma dark brown, with much lighter 2nd metasomal tergum and hypopygium.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7E3636F8FFBCFF8693E2F919FEC21E8F" blockId="27.[151,1437,1650,2037]" lastBlockId="28.[151,1437,151,429]" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="329" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">Head alutaceous, with sparse white setae, denser on lower face, rounded, 1.2× as broad as high and slightly broader than mesosoma in frontal view, 1.7× as broad as long from dorsal view. Gena alutaceous, only slightly or not broadened behind eye, slightly narrower than cross diameter of eye in lateral view. Eye 1.5× as high as length of malar space, malar sulcus absent, malar space with numerous strong striae, radiating from clypeus and nearly reaching eye. Inner margins of eyes parallel. POL 2.1× as long as OOL; OOL as long as LOL and 2.4× as long as diameter of lateral ocellus; all ocelli of the same shape and size. Transfacial distance 1.3× as long as height of eye; diameter of antennal torulus 1.8× as long as distance between them and nearly as long as distance between torulus and eye margin. Lower face laterally with striae radiating from clypeus and reaching torulus, centrally without striae, alutaceous; median elevated area alutaceous. Clypeus smooth, rectangular, slightly higher than broad, ventrally rounded, slightly projecting over mandibles; anterior tentorial pits, epistomal sulcus and clypeo-pleurostomal line distinct. Frons, vertex, occiput, postocciput alutaceous; posterior tentorial pit small, ovate, deep, area below not impressed; occipital foramen as high as height of postgenal bridge; hypostomal carina distinct, broad, emarginate, continuing into united postgenal sulci. Antenna with 12 flagellomeres, longer than head+mesosoma; pedicel 1.3× as long as broad; F1 1.5× as long as pedicel, slightly longer than F2, F2 slightly longer than F3, F3 till F11 nearly equal in length, F12 2.0× as long as F11, all flagellomeres with white setae; placodeal sensilla on F3–F12, absent on F1–F2.</paragraph>
<caption id="2AF66670FFBBFF8693B2FA40FF071AE1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6683351" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6683351" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6683351/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="329" startId="28.[151,264,1415,1439]" targetBox="[171,1421,470,1388]" targetPageId="28">
<paragraph id="7E3636F8FFBBFF8693B2FA40FF071AE1" blockId="28.[151,1436,1415,1475]" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">
<emphasis id="4CFDEAEAFFBBFF8693B2FA40FEA01ABD" bold="true" box="[151,361,1415,1439]" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">FIGURES 112–113.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B9894D7BFFBBFF869255FA40FCA01ABD" authority="Melika, Stone &amp; Pujade-Villar" authorityName="Melika, Stone &amp; Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2022" box="[368,873,1415,1439]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Phanacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="329" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tavakolii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4CFDEAEAFFBBFF869255FA40FDE41ABD" box="[368,557,1415,1439]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">Phanacis tavakolii</emphasis>
Melika, Stone &amp; Pujade-Villar
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="4CFDEAEAFFBBFF869057FA40FC0B1ABD" bold="true" box="[882,962,1415,1439]" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="57CE5791FFBBFF869057FA40FC0B1ABD" box="[882,962,1415,1439]" pageId="28" pageNumber="329" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, female. 112, forewing, 113, metasoma, lateral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="7E3636F8FFBBFF8793E2FA35FD3B1E3F" blockId="28.[151,1437,1521,2016]" lastBlockId="29.[151,1437,151,789]" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="330" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">Mesosoma convex, longer than high in lateral view, with sparse white setae, denser on propodeum and along anterolateral edge of pronotum. Pronotum uniformly alutaceous-reticulate, dorsomedially 2.0× as short as greatest length on outer lateral margin. Submedian pronotal pits small, narrow, area separating them more than 2.0× as broad as width of a pit. Mesoscutum slightly broader than long, uniformly alutaceous-reticulate. Notaulus deep, complete, anterior parallel line indistinct, hardly traceable; parapsidal lines narrow, distinctly impressed, reaching tegula level; median mesoscutal line extending to half length of mesoscutum. Mesoscutellum uniformly delicately rugose, rounded, circumscutellar carina hardly traceable laterally and posteriorly; slightly overhanging metascutellum. Mesoscutellar foveae in a form of transverse semilunar impression anteriorly, indistinctly or not separated by a slightly elevated median area. Mesopleuron uniformly rugose, reticulate in some parts, with some transversally orientated wrinkles and white setae ventrally; mesopleural triangle coriaceous, with some delicate longitudinal wrinkles. Metapleural sulcus reaching mesopleuron slightly above mid height, delimiting a broad coriaceous area along mesopleuron, upper part of sulcus distinct. Dorsal axillar and lateral axillar areas coriaceous, mat, with sparse white setae; subaxillular bar smooth, shining, most posterior end narrower than height of smooth metanotal trough; metascutellum delicately coriaceous, narrow medially; smooth ventral impressed area shorter than height of mesoscutellum medially. Propodeum coriaceous, lateral propodeal carinae uniformly thick, subparallel, weakly bent inwards; central propodeal area coriaceous, without striae, with setae; lateral propodeal area alutaceous, with dense white setae; nucha short, laterally smooth, without longitudinal striae, dorsocentrally smooth, without longitudinal striae, only dorsolaterally some delicate striae visible.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7E3636F8FFBAFF8793E2FEE0FB651E8F" blockId="29.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="29" pageNumber="330">Forewing longer than body, margin with long cilia, veins yellowish brown, R1 reaching wing margin and extending along margin on a short distance, Rs nearly reaching wing margin, radial cell partially closed, 3.4× as long as broad, areolet absent, Rs+M indistinct, weakly pigmented, reaching to 2/3 of distance between areolet and basalis, its projection reaching basalis in lower half. Tarsal claws very narrow, without basal lobe.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7E3636F8FFBAFF8793E2FE70FD021D1F" blockId="29.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="29" pageNumber="330">
Metasoma 1.6× as long as high in lateral view; 2nd metasomal tergum without setae anterolaterally and without punctures, extending to 1/3 of metasoma length in lateral view; all subsequent terga without setae and micropunctures; prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium with very short white setae ventrally, short, as broad as long in ventral view. Body length
<quantity id="B9719B1DFFBAFF8792F9FDE4FDAA1D1F" box="[476,611,547,573]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="29" pageNumber="330" unit="mm" value="1.95" valueMax="2.2" valueMin="1.7">1.7–2.2 mm</quantity>
(n = 10).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7E3636F8FFBAFF8793E2FD80FE4C1D43" blockId="29.[151,1437,151,789]" box="[199,389,583,609]" pageId="29" pageNumber="330">Male. Unknown.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7E3636F8FFBAFF8793E2FDADFD1D1D8B" blockId="29.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="29" pageNumber="330">
<emphasis id="4CFDEAEAFFBAFF8793E2FDADFF331DA6" bold="true" box="[199,250,618,644]" pageId="29" pageNumber="330">Gall</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="E6B22A7DFFBAFF879229FDACFE621DA4" box="[268,427,619,646]" captionStart="FIGURES 114–116" captionStartId="29.[151,264,1968,1992]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,813,1945]" captionTargetId="figure-256@29.[162,1425,813,1945]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURES 114–116. Phanacis tavakolii Melika, Stone &amp; Pujade-Villar, sp. nov.. 114, host plant, Cichorium intybus (Asteraceae), 115, infested plant, 116, stems with galls." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6683353" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6683353/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="330">Figs 114–116</figureCitation>
). Galls are cryptic chambers hidden in stems, without external swelling and most easily detected by the holes made by the emerging adults.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="36936573FFBAFF8793E2FD75FE6A1DD3" pageId="29" pageNumber="330" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="7E3636F8FFBAFF8793E2FD75FE6A1DD3" blockId="29.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="29" pageNumber="330">
<emphasis id="4CFDEAEAFFBAFF8793E2FD75FEEE1DEE" bold="true" box="[199,295,690,716]" pageId="29" pageNumber="330">Biology.</emphasis>
Galls mature by summer; adults emerge in February of the following year. The host plant is
<taxonomicName id="B9894D7BFFBAFF879601FD74FF211DD3" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cichorium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="29" pageNumber="330" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="intybus">
<emphasis id="4CFDEAEAFFBAFF879601FD74FF211DD3" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="330">Cichorium intybus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. (
<taxonomicName id="B9894D7BFFBAFF879233FD10FE511DD3" box="[278,408,727,753]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="29" pageNumber="330" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="36936573FFBAFF8793E2FD3DFC761C37" box="[199,959,762,789]" pageId="29" pageNumber="330" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="7E3636F8FFBAFF8793E2FD3DFC761C37" blockId="29.[151,1437,151,789]" box="[199,959,762,789]" pageId="29" pageNumber="330">
<emphasis id="4CFDEAEAFFBAFF8793E2FD3DFEA81C36" bold="true" box="[199,353,762,788]" pageId="29" pageNumber="330">Distribution.</emphasis>
Khorramabad-Tafe Nozhian,
<collectingRegion id="BC4DF81AFFBAFF879195FD3CFCB61C37" box="[688,895,763,789]" country="Iran" name="Lorestan" pageId="29" pageNumber="330">Lorestan Province</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="069E7668FFBAFF8790AFFD3CFC721C37" box="[906,955,763,789]" name="Iran" pageId="29" pageNumber="330">Iran</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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