704 lines
91 KiB
XML
704 lines
91 KiB
XML
<document id="9E01343D1245E4E2AF7A70A74E355198" ID-CLB-Dataset="3541" ID-DOI="10.15553/c2016v712a3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e9b014f6-3d7e-4abd-947b-af0cdacdfa6c" ID-ISSN="2235-3658" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5683621" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1636717159358" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Berry, Paul E., Ee, Benjamin van, Kainulainen, Kent & Razafindraibe, Hanta" docDate="2016" docId="86416825161A2A539137D283F4C9F9AA" docLanguage="en" docName="Candollea.71.2.181-188.pdf" docOrigin="Candollea 71 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:1E5CC43F38D0DBC531513809D1267F7B.3:Candollea.2015-.journal_article" docStyleId="1E5CC43F38D0DBC531513809D1267F7B" docStyleName="Candollea.2015-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Croton aleuritoides P. E. Berry 2016, spec. nova" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="188" masterDocId="7A78105D161B2A549213D140F515FFFC" masterDocTitle="Croton aleuritoides P. E. Berry (Euphorbiaceae), a distinctive new tree species from Montagne des Français in northern Madagascar" masterLastPageNumber="188" masterPageNumber="181" pageNumber="182" updateTime="1699468295230" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="8C9936FE35F89FB97909B1C564E807C5">Croton aleuritoides P. E. Berry (Euphorbiaceae), a distinctive new tree species from Montagne des Français in northern Madagascar</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="717FD81914BC84274ED26C80EEA2342F" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="0238A18069F1FAD6312E385E997000AB">Berry, Paul E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="D50CBE54E6AEC6ABFB34AE172B184C90">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="47728D1BF9206CC5A8E3A88D7D463B0B">Ee, Benjamin van</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="141C1186A1CCE56CA04BD0F58B6F5681">Kainulainen, Kent</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="388695DCB7B8706C1C789E24D0FF163C" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="0C463915A9AEDFEE20740C5107CEBCCF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="48B269A4F2D90F5FC66F5FB4A3EEED87">Razafindraibe, Hanta</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="9D20A8228D4F670A521E069B9471B53F">Candollea</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="6E8523DCE0F131B08452C986976DD666">
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<mods:date id="5F0236EAAFFCFD0522FD568774363E0A">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="D87CC10E96F22EDBB3CD446FE2064A39">2016-06-17</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="2912D7ED901DEB3B138876659C8B64A3">71</mods:number>
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<treatment id="86416825161A2A539137D283F4C9F9AA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5700419" ID-GBIF-Taxon="190303475" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5700419" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:86416825161A2A539137D283F4C9F9AA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/86416825161A2A539137D283F4C9F9AA" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="188" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">
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<subSubSection id="46F28AB8161A2A559137D283F1B7FB74" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="0E57D933161A2A559137D283F045FC27" blockId="1.[804,1360,962,987]" box="[804,1360,962,987]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">
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<heading id="551F6E5F161A2A559137D283F045FC27" box="[804,1360,962,987]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="C9E8A2B0161A2A559137D283F175FC27" ID-CoL="8WT2X" authority="P.E. Berry" authorityName="P. E. Berry" authorityYear="2016" box="[804,1120,962,987]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aleuritoides" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="3C9C0521161A2A559137D283F6F8FC26" bold="true" box="[804,1005,962,987]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">Croton aleuritoides</emphasis>
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P.E. Berry
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<emphasis id="3C9C0521161A2A559679D283F1C8FC27" bold="true" box="[1130,1245,963,987]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="27AFB85A161A2A559679D283F1C8FC27" box="[1130,1245,963,987]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" rank="species">spec. nova</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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(
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||
<figureCitation id="96D3C5B6161A2A5596F8D283F054FC27" box="[1259,1345,963,987]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStartId-0="2.[293,320,1917,1936]" captionStartId-1="3.[266,293,1356,1375]" captionStartId-2="4.[137,164,1847,1866]" captionTargetBox-0="[290,1318,279,1902]" captionTargetBox-1="[271,1307,279,1321]" captionTargetBox-2="[137,1475,275,1826]" captionTargetId-0="figure-13@2.[290,1318,279,1902]" captionTargetId-1="figure-1@3.[269,1310,276,1321]" captionTargetId-2="figure-25@4.[587,1034,677,1167]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionText-0="Fig. 1. – Holotype of Croton aleuritoides P.E. Berry." captionText-1="Fig. 2. – Croton aleuritoides P.E. Berry. A. Staminate flower (three stamens broken off); B. Pistillate flower, with one sepal removed and two of the three styles broken off. Note the minute petals; C-D. Capsule dehiscing both septicidally (exo- and endocarp) and loculicidally (exocarp only); E. Seed (partially dried). [Service Forestier 20088, P]" captionText-2="Fig. 3. – Croton aleuritoides P.E. Berry. A. Typical habitat in Montagne des FranÇais, deciduous forest on limestone tsingy; B. Canopy leaves; C. Canopy from below; D. Trunk (c. 40 cm in diam.); E. Seedling growing in a crack of a block of limestone tsingy; F. Close-up of the adaxial side of a leaf base showing the epipetiolar glands and the distinct reddish coloration at the junction of the secondary veins; G. Close-up of the abaxial leaf surface showing the minute lepidote pubescence; H. Fruit, already fallen to the ground and still indehiscent; I. Endocarps and seeds; note the whitish fleshy cover of the fresh seed on the upper right." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5683623" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5683625" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5683627" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5683623/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5683625/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/5683627/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">Fig. 1-3</figureCitation>
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).
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0E57D933161A2A559159D2AEF1B7FB74" blockId="1.[842,1455,1006,1160]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">
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<materialsCitation id="BE80D36E161A2A559159D2AEF18AFB74" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3403396302" collectingDate="1958-11-26" collectionCode="P, B, G, K, MO, S, TEF, WAG" collectorName="de Diego-Suarez" country="Madagascar" location="Montagne des Francais" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" specimenCode="P00312410, G00341674, K001040349, P00206489" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Prov. Antsiranana" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="3C9C0521161A2A559159D2AEF02BFBFA" bold="true" box="[842,1342,1006,1030]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">
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<typeStatus id="D1536791161A2A559159D2AEF687FBFA" box="[842,914,1006,1030]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">Typus</typeStatus>
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:
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<collectingCountry id="76FF99A3161A2A5591B6D2AEF15EFBF8" box="[933,1099,1006,1030]" name="Madagascar" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">MADAGASCAR</collectingCountry>
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.
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<collectingRegion id="CC2C17D1161A2A559648D2AEF18DFBFA" box="[1115,1176,1006,1030]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">Prov.</collectingRegion>
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Antsiranana:
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</emphasis>
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DIANA,
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<location id="0B378FE8161A2A559159D54FF129FBDA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:86416825161A2A539137D283F4C9F9AA:0B378FE8161A2A559159D54FF129FBDA" box="[842,1084,1038,1063]" country="Madagascar" name="Montagne des Francais" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" stateProvince="Prov. Antsiranana">Montagne des Français</location>
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, à l’E
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<collectorName id="A31DBCE5161A2A559669D54EF03CFBDA" box="[1146,1321,1038,1062]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">de Diégo-Suarez</collectorName>
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,
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<date id="7A56FFF3161A2A559720D54EF0BEFBDA" box="[1331,1451,1038,1062]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" value="1958-11-26">
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<collectingDate id="6A12061B161A2A559720D54EF0BEFBDA" box="[1331,1451,1038,1062]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" value="1958-11-26">26.XI.1958</collectingDate>
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</date>
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, fl. & fr.,
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||
<emphasis id="3C9C0521161A2A5591B4D56FF18FFBBB" box="[935,1178,1071,1095]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">Service Forestier 20088</emphasis>
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||
(holo-:
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||
<collectionCode id="68F941F6161A2A5596E4D56FF012FBBA" box="[1271,1287,1071,1094]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
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[
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||
<specimenCode id="5E4E7148161A2A559706D56FF089FBBB" box="[1301,1436,1071,1095]" collectionCode="P" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" type="Herbarium">P00312410</specimenCode>
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]!; iso-:
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||
<collectionCode id="68F941F6161A2A559199D510F689FB9B" box="[906,924,1104,1127]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15534" name="Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Zentraleinrichtung der Freien Universitaet" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" type="Herbarium">B</collectionCode>
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,
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<collectionCode id="68F941F6161A2A5591B9D50FF6D5FB9B" box="[938,960,1103,1127]" country="Switzerland" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15706" name="Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" type="Herbarium">G</collectionCode>
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[
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<specimenCode id="5E4E7148161A2A5591C3D50FF171FB9B" box="[976,1124,1103,1127]" collectionCode="G" country="Switzerland" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15706" name="Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" type="Herbarium">G00341674</specimenCode>
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]!,
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<collectionCode id="68F941F6161A2A55966FD510F19AFB9B" box="[1148,1167,1104,1127]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15867" name="Royal Botanic Gardens" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" type="Herbarium">K</collectionCode>
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[
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<specimenCode id="5E4E7148161A2A55968CD50FF02AFB9B" box="[1183,1343,1103,1127]" collectionCode="K" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15867" name="Royal Botanic Gardens" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" type="Herbarium">K001040349</specimenCode>
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]!,
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<collectionCode id="68F941F6161A2A559744D50FF098FB9B" box="[1367,1421,1103,1127]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15859" name="Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" type="Herbarium">MO</collectionCode>
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!,
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<collectionCode id="68F941F6161A2A55978DD510F0B8FB9B" box="[1438,1453,1104,1127]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
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[
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<specimenCode id="5E4E7148161A2A559143D530F6C3FB74" box="[848,982,1136,1160]" collectionCode="P" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" type="Herbarium">P00206489</specimenCode>
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]!,
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||
<collectionCode id="68F941F6161A2A5591F9D530F6EEFB74" box="[1002,1019,1136,1160]" country="Sweden" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" type="Herbarium">S</collectionCode>
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!,
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||
<collectionCode id="68F941F6161A2A559619D530F157FB74" box="[1034,1090,1136,1160]" collectionName="TEF" country="Madagascar" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12774" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12774" name="Centre National de la Recherche Appliquée au Developement Rural" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" type="Herbarium">TEF</collectionCode>
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||
!,
|
||
<collectionCode id="68F941F6161A2A559642D530F182FB74" box="[1105,1175,1136,1160]" collectionName="WAG" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15578" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15578" name="Wageningen University" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" type="Herbarium">WAG</collectionCode>
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||
)
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="46F28AB8161A2A539159D5DCF4C9F9AA" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="188" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" type="description">
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<paragraph id="0E57D933161A2A559159D5DCF071FAA9" blockId="1.[842,1455,1179,1365]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">
|
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<emphasis id="3C9C0521161A2A559159D5DCF071FAA9" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">
|
||
In its large, ovate-cordate, nearly glabrous, long-petiolate leaves,
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||
<taxonomicName id="C9E8A2B0161A2A55919CD5FCF1A3FB2F" authority="P. E. Berry" authorityName="P. E. Berry" box="[911,1206,1211,1235]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aleuritoides">Croton aleuritoides P.E. Berry</taxonomicName>
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||
is closest to
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<taxonomicName id="C9E8A2B0161A2A559734D5FCF68BFB08" authority="Leandri" authorityName="Leandri" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bemaranus">C. bemaranus Leandri</taxonomicName>
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||
but differs in being a much larger tree (to
|
||
<quantity id="C91074D6161A2A559746D59CF09EFB0F" box="[1365,1419,1244,1268]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" unit="m" value="25.0">25 m</quantity>
|
||
vs.
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||
<quantity id="C91074D6161A2A559159D5BCF69FFAE8" box="[842,906,1276,1300]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" unit="m" value="3.0" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.0">2-4 m</quantity>
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||
tall) with larger fruits (
|
||
<quantity id="C91074D6161A2A559692D5BCF1CBFAE8" box="[1153,1246,1276,1300]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" unit="cm" value="2.75" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.5">2.5-3 cm</quantity>
|
||
vs. less than
|
||
<quantity id="C91074D6161A2A559770D5BCF086FAE8" box="[1379,1427,1276,1300]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
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||
in diam.) that are ashy-farinose and indehiscent until after they have fallen to the ground (vs. glabrous and dehiscent).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0E57D933161A2A519159D43FF5A9FE4F" blockId="1.[804,1455,1406,1949]" lastBlockId="5.[116,767,282,435]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="186" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">
|
||
<emphasis id="3C9C0521161A2A559159D43FF694FA6A" box="[842,897,1407,1430]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">Trees</emphasis>
|
||
to
|
||
<quantity id="C91074D6161A2A5591BBD43EF6F5FA69" box="[936,992,1406,1430]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" unit="m" value="25.0">25 m</quantity>
|
||
tall and
|
||
<quantity id="C91074D6161A2A559656D43EF19CFA69" box="[1093,1161,1406,1430]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" unit="cm" value="50.0">50 cm</quantity>
|
||
dbh, bark tan and slightly flaky, trunk with reddish resin when cut. Young
|
||
<emphasis id="3C9C0521161A2A559720D4DFF07EFA4A" box="[1331,1387,1439,1462]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">twigs</emphasis>
|
||
green when fresh, lenticellate, with prominent leaf scars lower down where leaves have dehisced.
|
||
<emphasis id="3C9C0521161A2A55965BD4A0F199FA0B" box="[1096,1164,1504,1527]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">Leaves</emphasis>
|
||
alternate, deciduous; stipules linear,
|
||
<quantity id="C91074D6161A2A559198D740F6FBF9EB" box="[907,1006,1536,1560]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="0.7" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" unit="mm" value="10.5" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="7.0">7-14 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, caducous; petioles 4-8(-11) cm long, finely lepidote, pulvinate at base for c.
|
||
<quantity id="C91074D6161A2A5596D6D760F1EEF9CB" box="[1221,1275,1568,1592]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
|
||
(noticeable only when fresh), with a pair of glands on the adaxial surface of the petiole near the junction with the leaf blade or up to
|
||
<quantity id="C91074D6161A2A55972BD721F07EF984" box="[1336,1387,1633,1657]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
|
||
below it, glands crateriform, c.
|
||
<quantity id="C91074D6161A2A55963DD7C1F178F965" box="[1070,1133,1665,1689]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diam., sessile or stalked to c.
|
||
<quantity id="C91074D6161A2A559128D7E2F66FF945" box="[827,890,1698,1722]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, sometimes obliquely aligned.
|
||
<emphasis id="3C9C0521161A2A5596E4D7E2F07DF946" box="[1271,1384,1698,1722]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">Leaf blades</emphasis>
|
||
firmly membranaceous, broadly ovate-cordate, 6-9(-12.5) X 6-8 (-11) cm, apex acuminate, base shallowly and broadly cordate, palmately 5-veined from the base, sometimes with a rounded, reddish or orange-tinged patch where these veins join at the petiole, 3 or 4 secondary veins above that on either side of the midvein, margins subentire to shallowly crenate, green and sparsely lepidote adaxially, paler and densely lepidote with very fine appressed scales abaxially.
|
||
<emphasis id="3C9C052116182A5793AED4AFF72CF9FB" box="[445,569,1519,1543]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">Inflorescence</emphasis>
|
||
terminal,
|
||
<quantity id="C91074D616182A5790B4D4AFF7EAF9FB" box="[679,767,1519,1543]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="3" pageNumber="184" unit="cm" value="11.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="8.0">8-15 cm</quantity>
|
||
long at anthesis, mostly staminate, with 1-4 pistillate flowers at the base, leaflike bracts to
|
||
<quantity id="C91074D616182A579340D76FF493F9BB" box="[339,390,1583,1607]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="184" unit="cm" value="2.0">2 cm</quantity>
|
||
long subtending the pistillate flowers and small linear bracts
|
||
<quantity id="C91074D616182A57934ED70FF4D1F99B" box="[349,452,1615,1639]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="184" unit="mm" value="1.25" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.0">1-1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long subtending the staminate flowers.
|
||
<emphasis id="3C9C052116182A5792DED730F496F97B" box="[205,387,1647,1671]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">Staminate flowers</emphasis>
|
||
subsessile or with short pedicels to
|
||
<quantity id="C91074D616182A579267D7CFF5A7F95B" box="[116,178,1679,1703]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="184" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, buds spherical,
|
||
<quantity id="C91074D616182A57939FD7CFF4E6F95B" box="[396,499,1679,1703]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="184" unit="mm" value="1.25" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.0">1-1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diam., ashy-pubescent; sepals 5, connate at base, lobes broadly triangular-ovate, c. 2.5 ×
|
||
<quantity id="C91074D616182A579267D78FF5A6F91B" box="[116,179,1743,1767]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="184" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
, inflexed at anthesis, apex acute, abaxially lepidote, adaxially pilose; petals 5, obovate, c. 2.5 ×
|
||
<quantity id="C91074D616182A5793FED7AFF72BF8FB" box="[493,574,1775,1799]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="3" pageNumber="184" unit="mm" value="1.6">1.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
, abaxially lepidote, adaxially pilose; stamens c. 11, filaments c.
|
||
<quantity id="C91074D616182A57903AD64FF773F8DB" box="[553,614,1807,1831]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="184" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, glabrous, anthers elliptic, c.
|
||
<quantity id="C91074D616182A57932CD66FF481F8BB" box="[319,404,1839,1863]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="184" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long; receptacle pilose.
|
||
<emphasis id="3C9C052116182A5790B1D66FF5A9F89B" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">Pistillate flowers</emphasis>
|
||
with pedicels
|
||
<quantity id="C91074D616182A57934BD60FF4A5F89B" box="[344,432,1871,1895]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="184" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="3.0">3-6 mm</quantity>
|
||
long and
|
||
<quantity id="C91074D616182A57900ED60FF760F89B" box="[541,629,1871,1895]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="184" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2-3 mm</quantity>
|
||
thick, sepals 5, elliptic-ligulate, 8-11 ×
|
||
<quantity id="C91074D616182A579390D62FF4CCF87B" box="[387,473,1903,1927]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="184" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.0">3-5 mm</quantity>
|
||
, scattered lepidote abaxially, more sparsely lepidote adaxially, petals 5, spatulate-lanceolate, minuscule, c. 1.2 ×
|
||
<quantity id="C91074D616182A5791FBD4AFF12CF9FB" box="[1000,1081,1519,1543]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="184" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
, abaxially lepidote, adaxially sparsely pilose; ovary spherical, beaked, finely ashy-lepidote, stigmas 3, 5-
|
||
<quantity id="C91074D616182A579137D76FF665F9BB" box="[804,880,1583,1607]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="184" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, bifurcate (a total of 6 terminal tips), abaxially lepidote, adaxially glabrous, persistent.
|
||
<emphasis id="3C9C052116182A579698D710F1D5F99B" box="[1163,1216,1616,1639]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">Fruit</emphasis>
|
||
subspherical,
|
||
<quantity id="C91074D616182A579743D70FF0BBF99B" box="[1360,1454,1615,1639]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="184" unit="cm" value="2.75" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.5">2.5-3 cm</quantity>
|
||
in diam., farinose, slightly beaked at the apex or at times broadly depressed, ridged along the septal sutures and slightly impressed in the middle of the locules, indehiscent when falling from the tree but eventually dehiscing on the ground, with an ashy external exocarp c.
|
||
<quantity id="C91074D616182A57919FD7AFF6DCF8FB" box="[908,969,1775,1799]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="184" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
thick splitting both septicidally and loculicidally and an inner woody endocarp 2-4(-5) mm thick splitting only septicidally, both opening acropetally, the endocarp persistent but the exocarp evanescent; columella stout, 3-angled,
|
||
<quantity id="C91074D616182A57979BD60FF679F87B" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="184" unit="mm" value="16.0" valueMax="17.0" valueMin="15.0">15- 17 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, fimbriate at apex.
|
||
<emphasis id="3C9C052116182A579642D62FF197F87B" box="[1105,1154,1903,1927]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">Seeds</emphasis>
|
||
orbicular,
|
||
<quantity id="C91074D616182A5796F7D62FF05AF87B" box="[1252,1359,1903,1927]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="184" unit="mm" value="16.0" valueMax="17.0" valueMin="15.0">15-17 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide,
|
||
<quantity id="C91074D616182A579798D62FF664F85B" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="3" pageNumber="184" unit="mm" value="17.0" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="16.0">16- 18 mm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="C91074D616182A5791A1D6CFF131F85B" box="[946,1060,1935,1959]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="184" unit="mm" value="11.0" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="10.0">10-12 mm</quantity>
|
||
thick (when partially dried, probably larger when fresh), dorsally grooved (where the endocarp is impressed), covered with a thin, fleshy, whitish arillate layer when freshly removed from the locule (this layer quickly drying and later disappearing when exposed to the air), caruncle minute or absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="5A9789BB16192A569336D63DF7CAF86C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5683623" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5683623" box="[293,735,1917,1936]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5683623/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="183" startId="2.[293,320,1917,1936]" targetBox="[290,1318,279,1902]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="0E57D93316192A569336D63DF7CAF86C" blockId="2.[293,1197,1917,1961]" box="[293,735,1917,1936]" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">
|
||
<emphasis id="3C9C052116192A569336D63DF471F86C" bold="true" box="[293,356,1917,1936]" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">Fig. 1. –</emphasis>
|
||
Holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C9E8A2B016192A5693C6D63DF7CAF86C" authority="P. E. Berry." authorityName="P. E. Berry." box="[469,735,1917,1936]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="183" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aleuritoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="3C9C052116192A5693C6D63DF76BF86C" box="[469,638,1917,1936]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">Croton aleuritoides</emphasis>
|
||
P.E. Berry.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="0E57D93316192A569336D6D6F1B8F855" blockId="2.[293,1197,1917,1961]" box="[293,1197,1942,1961]" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">
|
||
[
|
||
<emphasis id="3C9C052116192A569339D6D6F4FCF855" box="[298,489,1942,1961]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">Service Forestier 20088</emphasis>
|
||
, P] [© Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris. Reproduced with permission]
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="5A9789BB16182A579319D40CF4FCFA57" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5683625" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5683625" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5683625/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="184" startId="3.[266,293,1356,1375]" targetBox="[271,1307,279,1321]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="0E57D93316182A579319D40CF4FCFA57" blockId="3.[266,1249,1356,1451]" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">
|
||
<emphasis id="3C9C052116182A579319D40CF45FFAA3" bold="true" box="[266,330,1356,1375]" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">Fig. 2. –</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C9E8A2B016182A57935DD40CF7DBFAA3" authority="P. E. Berry. A. Staminate" box="[334,718,1356,1375]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="184" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aleuritoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="3C9C052116182A57935DD40CF4EDFAA3" box="[334,504,1356,1375]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">Croton aleuritoides</emphasis>
|
||
P.E. Berry.
|
||
<emphasis id="3C9C052116182A57904FD40CF77AFAA3" bold="true" box="[604,623,1356,1375]" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">A.</emphasis>
|
||
Staminate
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
flower (three stamens broken off);
|
||
<emphasis id="3C9C052116182A579614D40CF10FFAA3" bold="true" box="[1031,1050,1356,1375]" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">B.</emphasis>
|
||
Pistillate flower, with one sepal removed and two of the three styles broken off. Note the minute petals;
|
||
<emphasis id="3C9C052116182A579602D426F12FFA85" bold="true" box="[1041,1082,1382,1401]" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">C-D.</emphasis>
|
||
Capsule dehiscing both septicidally (exo- and endocarp) and loculicidally (exocarp only);
|
||
<emphasis id="3C9C052116182A579160D43FF691FA6E" bold="true" box="[883,900,1407,1426]" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">E.</emphasis>
|
||
Seed (partially dried). [
|
||
<emphasis id="3C9C052116182A579303D4D8F4C1FA57" box="[272,468,1432,1451]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">Service Forestier 20088,</emphasis>
|
||
P]
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="5A9789BB161F2A50929AD677F61AF84C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5683627" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5683627" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5683627/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="185" startId="4.[137,164,1847,1866]" targetBox="[137,1475,275,1826]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="0E57D933161F2A50929AD677F61AF84C" blockId="4.[137,1396,1847,1993]" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">
|
||
<emphasis id="3C9C0521161F2A50929AD677F5DDF8B6" bold="true" box="[137,200,1847,1866]" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">Fig. 3. –</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C9E8A2B0161F2A5092DED677F724F8B6" authority="P. E. Berry. A. Typical" box="[205,561,1847,1866]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="185" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aleuritoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="3C9C0521161F2A5092DED677F462F8B6" box="[205,375,1847,1866]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">Croton aleuritoides</emphasis>
|
||
P.E. Berry.
|
||
<emphasis id="3C9C0521161F2A5093C9D677F4FBF8B6" bold="true" box="[474,494,1847,1866]" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">A.</emphasis>
|
||
Typical
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
habitat in Montagne des FranÇais, deciduous forest on limestone tsingy;
|
||
<emphasis id="3C9C0521161F2A5096A8D677F1DBF8B6" bold="true" box="[1211,1230,1847,1866]" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">B.</emphasis>
|
||
Canopy leaves;
|
||
<emphasis id="3C9C0521161F2A50929AD611F589F898" bold="true" box="[137,156,1873,1892]" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">C.</emphasis>
|
||
Canopy from below;
|
||
<emphasis id="3C9C0521161F2A50934BD611F479F898" bold="true" box="[344,364,1873,1892]" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">D.</emphasis>
|
||
Trunk (c. 40 cm in diam.);
|
||
<emphasis id="3C9C0521161F2A509047D611F770F898" bold="true" box="[596,613,1873,1892]" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">E.</emphasis>
|
||
Seedling growing in a crack of a block of limestone tsingy;
|
||
<emphasis id="3C9C0521161F2A509661D611F196F898" bold="true" box="[1138,1155,1873,1892]" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">F.</emphasis>
|
||
Close-up of the adaxial side of a leaf base showing the epipetiolar glands and the distinct reddish coloration at the junction of the secondary veins;
|
||
<emphasis id="3C9C0521161F2A5096C1D62AF1F3F881" bold="true" box="[1234,1254,1898,1917]" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">G.</emphasis>
|
||
Close-up of the abaxial leaf surface showing the minute lepidote pubescence;
|
||
<emphasis id="3C9C0521161F2A5090A3D6C3F7D1F86A" bold="true" box="[688,708,1923,1942]" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">H.</emphasis>
|
||
Fruit, already fallen to the ground and still indehiscent;
|
||
<emphasis id="3C9C0521161F2A5096A1D6C3F1A9F86A" bold="true" box="[1202,1212,1923,1942]" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">I.</emphasis>
|
||
Endocarps and seeds; note the whitish fleshy cover of the fresh seed on the upper right.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="0E57D933161F2A50929AD6F6F767F835" blockId="4.[137,1396,1847,1993]" box="[137,626,1974,1993]" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">
|
||
[Photos:
|
||
<emphasis id="3C9C0521161F2A5092C2D6F6F444F835" bold="true" box="[209,337,1974,1993]" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">A, C, D, F, G, I:</emphasis>
|
||
P. Berry;
|
||
<emphasis id="3C9C0521161F2A5093B5D6F6F4FCF835" bold="true" box="[422,489,1974,1993]" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">B, E, H:</emphasis>
|
||
K. Kainulainen]
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0E57D933161E2A519289D09BF4FDFD68" blockId="5.[116,767,475,660]" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">
|
||
<emphasis id="3C9C0521161E2A519289D09BF407FE0F" box="[154,274,475,499]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="3C9C0521161E2A51930BD09BF430FE0F" bold="true" box="[280,293,475,499]" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">–</emphasis>
|
||
The specific epithet alludes to the similar arborescent habit and the typically large, cordate, acuminate leaf blades of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C9E8A2B0161E2A519314D35CF746FDCF" authority="J. R. Forst. & G. Forst." authorityName="J. R. Forst. & G. Forst." box="[263,595,540,564]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Aleurites" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="3C9C0521161E2A519314D35CF44AFDC8" box="[263,351,540,564]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Aleurites</emphasis>
|
||
J.R. Forst. & G. Forst.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(candlenut tree,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C9E8A2B0161E2A519267D37CF411FDA8" box="[116,260,572,596]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">
|
||
<emphasis id="3C9C0521161E2A519267D37CF411FDA8" box="[116,260,572,596]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Euphorbiaceae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). It is even closer in appearance to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C9E8A2B0161E2A519062D37DF446FD88" authority="(Hemsl.) Airy Shaw" authorityName="Airy Shaw" baseAuthorityName="Hemsl." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Vernicia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fordii">
|
||
<emphasis id="3C9C0521161E2A519062D37DF7EAFDA8" box="[625,767,572,596]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Vernicia fordii</emphasis>
|
||
(Hemsl.) Airy Shaw
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the tung oil tree, which was originally described as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C9E8A2B0161E2A5192EFD33CF4FDFD68" authority="Hemsl." authorityName="Hemsl." box="[252,488,636,660]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Aleurites" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fordii">
|
||
<emphasis id="3C9C0521161E2A5192EFD33CF487FD68" box="[252,402,636,660]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Aleurites fordii</emphasis>
|
||
Hemsl.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0E57D933161E2A519289D3FDF615FC6A" blockId="5.[116,768,701,918]" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">
|
||
<emphasis id="3C9C0521161E2A519289D3FDF4E9FD29" box="[154,508,701,725]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Distribution, habitat, and ecology</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="3C9C0521161E2A519019D3FDF702FD29" bold="true" box="[522,535,701,725]" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">–</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C9E8A2B0161E2A51900DD3FDF7F0FD29" box="[542,741,701,725]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aleuritoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="3C9C0521161E2A51900DD3FDF7F0FD29" box="[542,741,701,725]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Croton aleuritoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known from the Montagne des Français massif, east of the city of Diego Suarez in northern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="CC2C17D1161E2A5193BED3BDF765FCE9" box="[429,624,765,789]" country="Madagascar" name="Antsiranana" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Antsiranana Prov.</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="76FF99A3161E2A519069D3BDF7EEFCE9" box="[634,763,765,789]" name="Madagascar" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The only known populations occur in the Antso River basin south of the Andavakoera River, on the eastern side of the range, in mixed deciduous forests on or alongside outcrops of jagged limestone (tsingy formations), at elevations of
|
||
<quantity id="C91074D6161E2A519055D23EF7BEFC6A" box="[582,683,894,918]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" unit="m" value="145.0" valueMax="200.0" valueMin="90.0">90-200 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="96D3C5B6161E2A5190ABD23EF7E6FC6A" box="[696,755,894,918]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[290,317,1228,1247]" captionTargetBox="[290,1326,279,1209]" captionTargetId="figure-13@6.[287,1328,276,1211]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 4. – Distribution of known collections of Croton aleuritoides P.E. Berry from northern Madagascar," figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5683629" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5683629/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0E57D933161E2A519289D2FEF433FB64" blockId="5.[116,766,958,1176]" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">
|
||
<emphasis id="3C9C0521161E2A519289D2FEF414FC2A" box="[154,257,958,982]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Phenology</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="3C9C0521161E2A51931DD2FFF40EFC2B" bold="true" box="[270,283,959,983]" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">–</emphasis>
|
||
From the few specimens available,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C9E8A2B0161E2A519089D2FFF5BAFC0B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aleuritoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="3C9C0521161E2A519089D2FFF5BAFC0B" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">C. aleuritoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
flowers in November and fruits from November to February. Based on the strongly deciduous nature of the Montagne des Français forests and the way the leaves are produced in flushes at the branch tips,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C9E8A2B0161E2A519006D500F7B3FBAB" box="[533,678,1087,1111]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aleuritoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="3C9C0521161E2A519006D500F7B3FBAB" box="[533,678,1087,1111]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">C. aleuritoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is likely strongly deciduous, probably losing most of its leaves from June to October.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0E57D933161E2A519289D581F464F967" blockId="5.[116,767,1216,1691]" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">
|
||
<emphasis id="3C9C0521161E2A519289D581F745FB24" box="[154,592,1216,1240]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">
|
||
Conservation Status.
|
||
<emphasis id="3C9C0521161E2A51936AD580F493FB24" bold="true" box="[377,390,1216,1240]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">–</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C9E8A2B0161E2A51939ED581F745FB24" box="[397,592,1216,1240]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aleuritoides">Croton aleuritoides</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is so far known only from two populations in a single valley on the eastern side of the Montagne des Français massif. Those two populations are a few kilometres apart and can be considered as two locations. The massif is now part of the newly designated protected area called “Ambohitr’Antsingy – Montagne des Français”. Despite its protection, the dry forests of the massif are threatened by human activities such as charcoal production and cattle grazing. The known populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C9E8A2B0161E2A519267D4A3F5E9FA06" box="[116,252,1506,1530]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aleuritoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="3C9C0521161E2A519267D4A3F5E9FA06" box="[116,252,1506,1530]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">C. aleuritoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are therefore under continuing decline in the extent and quality of its habitat. Its extent of occurrence is restricted (<
|
||
<quantity id="C91074D6161E2A519282D763F5DCF9C6" box="[145,201,1570,1595]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" unit="km" value="1.0">1 km</quantity>
|
||
<superScript id="F99D747B161E2A5192DBD762F5C5F9CC" attach="left" box="[200,208,1570,1584]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">2</superScript>
|
||
) and the new species should be assign a preliminary conservation status of “Endangered” [EN B1ab(i,ii, iii, iv, v)+ B2ab(i,ii, iii, iv, v)] following IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (IUCN, 2012).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0E57D933161E2A519289D784F186FC8A" blockId="5.[116,767,1731,1949]" lastBlockId="5.[804,1455,282,1949]" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">
|
||
<emphasis id="3C9C0521161E2A519289D784F5C1F927" box="[154,212,1732,1755]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Notes</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="3C9C0521161E2A5192F7D784F5E4F920" bold="true" box="[228,241,1732,1756]" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">–</emphasis>
|
||
This is one of the most distinctive species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C9E8A2B0161E2A519267D7A4F5AFF907" box="[116,186,1764,1787]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="3C9C0521161E2A519267D7A4F5AFF907" box="[116,186,1764,1787]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Croton</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on
|
||
<collectingCountry id="76FF99A3161E2A5192F7D7A4F471F900" box="[228,356,1764,1788]" name="Madagascar" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
, which harbors over 150 species in the genus (Schatz, 2001). It is first of all a large tree, part of a minority of this genus species on the island (
|
||
<figureCitation id="96D3C5B6161E2A519049D664F78DF8C0" box="[602,664,1828,1852]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[137,164,1847,1866]" captionTargetBox="[137,1475,275,1826]" captionTargetId="figure-25@4.[587,1034,677,1167]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 3. – Croton aleuritoides P.E. Berry. A. Typical habitat in Montagne des FranÇais, deciduous forest on limestone tsingy; B. Canopy leaves; C. Canopy from below; D. Trunk (c. 40 cm in diam.); E. Seedling growing in a crack of a block of limestone tsingy; F. Close-up of the adaxial side of a leaf base showing the epipetiolar glands and the distinct reddish coloration at the junction of the secondary veins; G. Close-up of the abaxial leaf surface showing the minute lepidote pubescence; H. Fruit, already fallen to the ground and still indehiscent; I. Endocarps and seeds; note the whitish fleshy cover of the fresh seed on the upper right." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5683627" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5683627/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
C-D). Its pubescence is atypical for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C9E8A2B0161E2A519396D605F4DEF8A0" box="[389,459,1861,1884]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="3C9C0521161E2A519396D605F4DEF8A0" box="[389,459,1861,1884]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Croton</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with tiny lepidote trichomes on the leaves that are not immediately evident (
|
||
<figureCitation id="96D3C5B6161E2A519093D624F7ABF881" box="[640,702,1892,1917]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[137,164,1847,1866]" captionTargetBox="[137,1475,275,1826]" captionTargetId="figure-25@4.[587,1034,677,1167]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 3. – Croton aleuritoides P.E. Berry. A. Typical habitat in Montagne des FranÇais, deciduous forest on limestone tsingy; B. Canopy leaves; C. Canopy from below; D. Trunk (c. 40 cm in diam.); E. Seedling growing in a crack of a block of limestone tsingy; F. Close-up of the adaxial side of a leaf base showing the epipetiolar glands and the distinct reddish coloration at the junction of the secondary veins; G. Close-up of the abaxial leaf surface showing the minute lepidote pubescence; H. Fruit, already fallen to the ground and still indehiscent; I. Endocarps and seeds; note the whitish fleshy cover of the fresh seed on the upper right." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5683627" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5683627/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
F-G). The fruits have a much denser pubescence and appear farinose with a dense tan or ashy, mealy covering of minute trichomes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="96D3C5B6161E2A51913FD07AF678FEAE" box="[812,877,314,338]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[266,293,1356,1375]" captionTargetBox="[271,1307,279,1321]" captionTargetId="figure-1@3.[269,1310,276,1321]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. – Croton aleuritoides P.E. Berry. A. Staminate flower (three stamens broken off); B. Pistillate flower, with one sepal removed and two of the three styles broken off. Note the minute petals; C-D. Capsule dehiscing both septicidally (exo- and endocarp) and loculicidally (exocarp only); E. Seed (partially dried). [Service Forestier 20088, P]" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5683625" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5683625/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
C-D). Its long, linear stipules are unusual for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C9E8A2B0161E2A519775D07BF0BBFEAE" box="[1382,1454,315,338]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="3C9C0521161E2A519775D07BF0BBFEAE" box="[1382,1454,315,338]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Croton</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="76FF99A3161E2A519172D01AF6F4FE8E" box="[865,993,346,370]" name="Madagascar" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
, as are the epipetiolar glands that are often found well below the junction with the leaf blade. Certainly the most distinctive character of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C9E8A2B0161E2A519695D0DBF002FE4F" box="[1158,1303,411,435]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aleuritoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="3C9C0521161E2A519695D0DBF002FE4F" box="[1158,1303,411,435]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">C. aleuritoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are the fruits, which are among the largest in the genus on
|
||
<collectingCountry id="76FF99A3161E2A5196E6D0FBF066FE2F" box="[1269,1395,443,467]" name="Madagascar" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
(only
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C9E8A2B0161E2A519137D09CF6D2FE0F" authority="Baill." authorityName="Baill." box="[804,967,475,499]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nobilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="3C9C0521161E2A519137D09CF692FE0F" box="[804,903,475,499]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">C. nobilis</emphasis>
|
||
Baill.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C9E8A2B0161E2A5191EDD09CF1B9FE0F" authority="Baill." authorityName="Baill." box="[1022,1196,475,499]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mongue">
|
||
<emphasis id="3C9C0521161E2A5191EDD09CF179FE0F" box="[1022,1132,476,499]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">C. mongue</emphasis>
|
||
Baill.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
rival them in size), and more significantly, they are indehiscent until well after they fall to the ground (
|
||
<figureCitation id="96D3C5B6161E2A5191E7D35CF159FDC8" box="[1012,1100,540,564]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[266,293,1356,1375]" captionTargetBox="[271,1307,279,1321]" captionTargetId="figure-1@3.[269,1310,276,1321]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. – Croton aleuritoides P.E. Berry. A. Staminate flower (three stamens broken off); B. Pistillate flower, with one sepal removed and two of the three styles broken off. Note the minute petals; C-D. Capsule dehiscing both septicidally (exo- and endocarp) and loculicidally (exocarp only); E. Seed (partially dried). [Service Forestier 20088, P]" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5683625" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5683625/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Fig. 2H</figureCitation>
|
||
). They also have an exocarp that separates from the woody endocarp when the fruit finally dehisces (
|
||
<figureCitation id="96D3C5B6161E2A519198D31CF6D2FD88" box="[907,967,604,628]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[137,164,1847,1866]" captionTargetBox="[137,1475,275,1826]" captionTargetId="figure-25@4.[587,1034,677,1167]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 3. – Croton aleuritoides P.E. Berry. A. Typical habitat in Montagne des FranÇais, deciduous forest on limestone tsingy; B. Canopy leaves; C. Canopy from below; D. Trunk (c. 40 cm in diam.); E. Seedling growing in a crack of a block of limestone tsingy; F. Close-up of the adaxial side of a leaf base showing the epipetiolar glands and the distinct reddish coloration at the junction of the secondary veins; G. Close-up of the abaxial leaf surface showing the minute lepidote pubescence; H. Fruit, already fallen to the ground and still indehiscent; I. Endocarps and seeds; note the whitish fleshy cover of the fresh seed on the upper right." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5683627" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5683627/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
C-D), and the seeds are very large for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C9E8A2B0161E2A51974CD31DF0B0FD88" box="[1375,1445,605,628]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="3C9C0521161E2A51974CD31DF0B0FD88" box="[1375,1445,605,628]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Croton</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; they lack a caruncle but instead have a thin membranous aril-like structure surrounding the entire seed when fresh (
|
||
<figureCitation id="96D3C5B6161E2A51913FD3FDF661FD29" box="[812,884,701,725]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[266,293,1356,1375]" captionTargetBox="[271,1307,279,1321]" captionTargetId="figure-1@3.[269,1310,276,1321]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. – Croton aleuritoides P.E. Berry. A. Staminate flower (three stamens broken off); B. Pistillate flower, with one sepal removed and two of the three styles broken off. Note the minute petals; C-D. Capsule dehiscing both septicidally (exo- and endocarp) and loculicidally (exocarp only); E. Seed (partially dried). [Service Forestier 20088, P]" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5683625" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5683625/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Fig. 2I</figureCitation>
|
||
). When we collected
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C9E8A2B0161E2A51964AD3FDF1FDFD29" box="[1113,1256,701,725]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aleuritoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="3C9C0521161E2A51964AD3FDF1FDFD29" box="[1113,1256,701,725]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">C. aleuritoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in March of 2016, we observed several crowned lemurs
|
||
<emphasis id="3C9C0521161E2A5196C3D39DF0B8FD08" box="[1232,1453,733,757]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C9E8A2B0161E2A5196CBD39DF0B3FD08" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[1240,1446,733,757]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Eulemur" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coronatus">Eulemur coronatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
browsing amid the branches of one of the trees, and it is possible that they have a role in the dispersal of the fruits, perhaps gnawing them open to access the seeds or else foraging on the ground after the fruits have fallen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0E57D933161E2A519159D23EF6ABFA65" blockId="5.[804,1455,282,1949]" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">
|
||
The only other species to which
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C9E8A2B0161E2A5196BFD23FF07AFC6A" box="[1196,1391,894,918]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aleuritoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="3C9C0521161E2A5196BFD23FF07AFC6A" box="[1196,1391,894,918]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Croton aleuritoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
bears some resemblance is
|
||
<emphasis id="3C9C0521161E2A5191EDD2DFF199FC4A" box="[1022,1164,926,950]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C9E8A2B0161E2A5191EDD2DFF192FC4A" box="[1022,1159,926,950]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bemaranus">C. bemaranus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
which also occurs in northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="76FF99A3161E2A51915ED2FEF6D9FC2A" box="[845,972,958,982]" name="Madagascar" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
in the same limestone tsingy deciduous forest habitat. Its leaves are very similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C9E8A2B0161E2A5196ACD29FF040FC0B" box="[1215,1365,991,1015]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aleuritoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="3C9C0521161E2A5196ACD29FF040FC0B" box="[1215,1365,991,1015]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">C. aleuritoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
both in shape and texture, and they also often have a brightly colored reddish spot where the petiole connects to the leaf blade, but they are smaller, even more glabrous, and have stipules that are usually more divided or glandular. The glands on the leaves are more clearly basilaminar rather than epipetiolar, and the pistillate sepals are wider, more imbricate, and persistent in fruit, with evident vertical striations on the adaxial surface. The fruits of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C9E8A2B0161E2A5191D3D5A1F144FB04" box="[960,1105,1248,1272]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bemaranus">
|
||
<emphasis id="3C9C0521161E2A5191D3D5A1F144FB04" box="[960,1105,1248,1272]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">C. bemaranus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
share the unusual character of having a thin exocarp that splits both septicidally as well as loculicidally, but the fruits are clearly dehiscent while still on the plant. Finally, both the sepals and ovary of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C9E8A2B0161E2A519731D401F0BBFAA5" box="[1314,1454,1345,1369]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bemaranus">
|
||
<emphasis id="3C9C0521161E2A519731D401F0BBFAA5" box="[1314,1454,1345,1369]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">C. bemaranus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are ± glabrous, and the species grows as a shrub no more than 2 or
|
||
<quantity id="C91074D6161E2A519145D4C2F66AFA65" box="[854,895,1410,1434]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" unit="m" value="3.0">3 m</quantity>
|
||
high.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0E57D933161E2A519159D4E2F010F967" blockId="5.[804,1455,282,1949]" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">
|
||
The isotype specimen at TEF was annotated in 2001 by Alan Radcliffe-Smith as
|
||
<emphasis id="3C9C0521161E2A51964BD482F1C8FA26" box="[1112,1245,1474,1498]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">C. bemarana</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C9E8A2B0161E2A5196F6D482F0BAFA26" box="[1253,1455,1474,1498]" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" rank="variety" variety="pseudolepidotus">
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="3C9C0521161E2A519702D482F0BAFA26" box="[1297,1455,1474,1498]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">pseudolepidotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[ined.] and was included as such in his unpublished manuscript on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C9E8A2B0161E2A51919AD743F6DAF9E6" box="[905,975,1539,1562]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="3C9C0521161E2A51919AD743F6DAF9E6" box="[905,975,1539,1562]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Croton</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="76FF99A3161E2A5191E0D742F166F9E6" box="[1011,1139,1538,1562]" name="Madagascar" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
and the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="76FF99A3161E2A5196C1D742F095F9E6" box="[1234,1408,1538,1562]" name="Comoros" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Comoro Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
. We believe this was an insightful placement of the new taxon, but clearly it is specifically distinct from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C9E8A2B0161E2A5196F8D703F06CF9A7" box="[1259,1401,1603,1627]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bemaranus">
|
||
<emphasis id="3C9C0521161E2A5196F8D703F06CF9A7" box="[1259,1401,1603,1627]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">C. bemaranus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and Radcliffe-Smith failed to remark on the significant differences in fruit size and dehiscence between the two.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0E57D933161E2A529159D7E4F4EBF8BB" blockId="5.[804,1455,282,1949]" lastBlockId="6.[139,791,1391,1959]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="187" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">
|
||
We found populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C9E8A2B0161E2A519645D7E4F1F1F947" box="[1110,1252,1699,1723]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aleuritoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="3C9C0521161E2A519645D7E4F1F1F947" box="[1110,1252,1699,1723]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">C. aleuritoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by returning to the site where it was collected in 2005 by Clairemont Randrianarivelo and collaborators
|
||
<emphasis id="3C9C0521161E2A51960BD7A4F051F900" box="[1048,1348,1764,1788]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">(Randrianarivelo et al. 199),</emphasis>
|
||
using the GPS coordinates provided on the label and in the Tropicos database [www.tropicos.org]. This is on the eastern side of Montagne des Français, fairly easily accessible from the village of Andavakoera, close to where the east-flowing Andavakoera creek flows into the larger Antso River coming from the south (names from Service Géographique de
|
||
<collectingCountry id="76FF99A3161D2A529061D42FF607FA7B" box="[626,786,1391,1415]" name="Madagascar" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 1969). Along the Antso River in the flatter and less rocky part of the valley, there are many signs of cultivation or cutting of the forest, with remains of plantations or extensive spiny
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C9E8A2B0161D2A529298D4B0F5F0F9FB" box="[139,229,1520,1543]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Verbenaceae" genus="Lantana" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="3C9C0521161D2A529298D4B0F5F0F9FB" box="[139,229,1520,1543]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">Lantana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. thickets. As one approaches the steeper sides of the valley below the cliffs that delimit it, there are remains of intact forest interspersed with areas that were clearly cut for some kind of plantation. Our local guide, who was part of the 2005 collecting trip, indicated that the area close to the spot where they collected
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C9E8A2B0161D2A52938ED7D0F73BF95B" box="[413,558,1679,1703]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aleuritoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="3C9C0521161D2A52938ED7D0F73BF95B" box="[413,558,1679,1703]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">C. aleuritoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
had been recently cut at that time to grow
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C9E8A2B0161D2A529378D7EFF71AF934" authority="L. By" authorityName="L. By" box="[363,527,1711,1736]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cannabaceae" genus="Cannabis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="3C9C0521161D2A529378D7EFF4D8F93B" box="[363,461,1711,1735]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">Cannabis</emphasis>
|
||
L. By
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the time we returned in 2016, there was no evidence of this cultivation, although the area that had been deforested was clearly discernable by its coverage with a single leguminous tree that had successfully colonized it within the last decade.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="5A9789BB161D2A529331D58CF1B6FB23" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5683629" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5683629" box="[290,1187,1228,1247]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5683629/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" startId="6.[290,317,1228,1247]" targetBox="[290,1326,279,1209]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="0E57D933161D2A529331D58CF1B6FB23" blockId="6.[290,1187,1228,1297]" box="[290,1187,1228,1247]" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">
|
||
<emphasis id="3C9C0521161D2A529331D58CF477FB23" bold="true" box="[290,354,1228,1247]" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">Fig. 4. –</emphasis>
|
||
Distribution of known collections of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C9E8A2B0161D2A5290B6D58CF6BFFB23" authority="P. E. Berry" authorityName="P. E. Berry" box="[677,938,1228,1247]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aleuritoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="3C9C0521161D2A5290B6D58CF65AFB23" box="[677,847,1228,1247]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">Croton aleuritoides</emphasis>
|
||
P.E. Berry
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from northern Madagascar,
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="0E57D933161D2A529331D5A5F7A1FB04" blockId="6.[290,1187,1228,1297]" box="[290,692,1253,1272]" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">in the Montagne des FranÇais massif (stars).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0E57D933161D2A529331D5BEF6CAFAED" blockId="6.[290,1187,1228,1297]" box="[290,991,1278,1297]" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">[Google Earth Image.© 2016 DigitalGlobe. Reproduced per attribution guidelines]</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0E57D933161D2A5392A2D60FF4F2FE8D" blockId="6.[139,791,1391,1959]" lastBlockId="7.[116,767,282,1298]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="188" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">
|
||
The first individual of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C9E8A2B0161D2A5293D5D610F78BF89B" box="[454,670,1871,1895]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aleuritoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="3C9C0521161D2A5293D5D610F78BF89B" box="[454,670,1871,1895]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">Croton aleuritoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
we found in 2016 was a large tree around
|
||
<quantity id="C91074D6161D2A5293E9D62FF721F87B" box="[506,564,1903,1927]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" unit="m" value="25.0">25 m</quantity>
|
||
tall and
|
||
<quantity id="C91074D6161D2A529088D62FF7F4F87B" box="[667,737,1903,1927]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" unit="cm" value="40.0">40 cm</quantity>
|
||
dbh (
|
||
<figureCitation id="96D3C5B6161D2A529287D6CFF5E0F85B" box="[148,245,1935,1959]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[137,164,1847,1866]" captionTargetBox="[137,1475,275,1826]" captionTargetId="figure-25@4.[587,1034,677,1167]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 3. – Croton aleuritoides P.E. Berry. A. Typical habitat in Montagne des FranÇais, deciduous forest on limestone tsingy; B. Canopy leaves; C. Canopy from below; D. Trunk (c. 40 cm in diam.); E. Seedling growing in a crack of a block of limestone tsingy; F. Close-up of the adaxial side of a leaf base showing the epipetiolar glands and the distinct reddish coloration at the junction of the secondary veins; G. Close-up of the abaxial leaf surface showing the minute lepidote pubescence; H. Fruit, already fallen to the ground and still indehiscent; I. Endocarps and seeds; note the whitish fleshy cover of the fresh seed on the upper right." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5683627" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5683627/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
|
||
). It was growing adjacent to a small, jagged block of limestone that had likely eroded off the western wall of the valley which was about
|
||
<quantity id="C91074D6161D2A5296DAD4CFF005FA5B" box="[1225,1296,1423,1447]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</quantity>
|
||
farther upslope (
|
||
<figureCitation id="96D3C5B6161D2A529157D4EFF6B0FA3B" box="[836,933,1455,1479]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[137,164,1847,1866]" captionTargetBox="[137,1475,275,1826]" captionTargetId="figure-25@4.[587,1034,677,1167]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 3. – Croton aleuritoides P.E. Berry. A. Typical habitat in Montagne des FranÇais, deciduous forest on limestone tsingy; B. Canopy leaves; C. Canopy from below; D. Trunk (c. 40 cm in diam.); E. Seedling growing in a crack of a block of limestone tsingy; F. Close-up of the adaxial side of a leaf base showing the epipetiolar glands and the distinct reddish coloration at the junction of the secondary veins; G. Close-up of the abaxial leaf surface showing the minute lepidote pubescence; H. Fruit, already fallen to the ground and still indehiscent; I. Endocarps and seeds; note the whitish fleshy cover of the fresh seed on the upper right." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5683627" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5683627/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
). W hat led us to this tree, besides the GPS coordinates, were the remnants of f ruits we found on the ground and a number of seedlings that were growing in the shade in cracks of the limestone block below the canopy. We subsequently found additional mature trees and some younger, smaller trees that were growing along the edge of another former clearing. Under most of the large individuals, we could find seedlings probably a month or so old on the soil or rocks underneath (
|
||
<figureCitation id="96D3C5B6161D2A529770D7EFF0ADF93B" box="[1379,1464,1711,1735]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[137,164,1847,1866]" captionTargetBox="[137,1475,275,1826]" captionTargetId="figure-25@4.[587,1034,677,1167]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 3. – Croton aleuritoides P.E. Berry. A. Typical habitat in Montagne des FranÇais, deciduous forest on limestone tsingy; B. Canopy leaves; C. Canopy from below; D. Trunk (c. 40 cm in diam.); E. Seedling growing in a crack of a block of limestone tsingy; F. Close-up of the adaxial side of a leaf base showing the epipetiolar glands and the distinct reddish coloration at the junction of the secondary veins; G. Close-up of the abaxial leaf surface showing the minute lepidote pubescence; H. Fruit, already fallen to the ground and still indehiscent; I. Endocarps and seeds; note the whitish fleshy cover of the fresh seed on the upper right." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5683627" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5683627/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
|
||
). On our return walk from the
|
||
<emphasis id="3C9C0521161D2A52968AD78FF0D0F91B" box="[1177,1477,1743,1767]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">Randrianarivelo et al. 199</emphasis>
|
||
site back to the village of Andavakoera, we crossed another small tsingy area just west of the crossing of the Antso River, and there we found some additional individuals of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C9E8A2B0161D2A529149D610F6E2F89B" box="[858,1015,1871,1895]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aleuritoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="3C9C0521161D2A529149D610F6E2F89B" box="[858,1015,1871,1895]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">C. aleuritoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in a small forest remnant. Now that we have confirmed the presence of this species in the area, we think that a more detailed survey should be carried out to determine if there are more sites in the same valley, or in adjacent valleys of the Montagne des Français massif, where
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C9E8A2B0161C2A5392D3D01AF44EFE8E" box="[192,347,346,370]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aleuritoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="3C9C0521161C2A5392D3D01AF44EFE8E" box="[192,347,346,370]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="188">C. aleuritoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also occurs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0E57D933161C2A539289D03AF785FAEE" blockId="7.[116,767,282,1298]" pageId="7" pageNumber="188">
|
||
We are delighted that we were able to relocate this species and are now able to properly describe it and confirm that it is indeed a novel species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C9E8A2B0161C2A5393E2D0FAF72CFE2D" box="[497,569,442,465]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="3C9C0521161C2A5393E2D0FAF72CFE2D" box="[497,569,442,465]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="188">Croton</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as well as to find that there are still breeding populations in at least one part of the Montagne des Français system. However, the natural vegetation of much of Montagne des Français has been severely impacted by farmers and charcoal producers over the past decades, making tree species like this extremely vulnerable to extinction. During our visit to the lower Antso River valley of Montagne des Français in 2016, there was little evidence of active deforestation occurring in the vicinity of the main population we found in the middle section of the valley, but the second population we found in the lower part of the valley alongside the river was in a small forest patch surrounded by deforested pasturelands. We are hopeful that the recently designated protected zone of Montagne des Français overseen by the NGO SAGE (Service d’Appui à la Gestion de l’Environnement) and the nearby Protected Zone of Orangea co-administered by the Missouri Botanical Garden will contribute to the preservation of remaining natural forest habitats in this area, and that increased knowledge of unusual endemic species like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C9E8A2B0161C2A539077D55AF7EBFBCE" box="[612,766,1050,1074]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aleuritoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="3C9C0521161C2A539077D55AF7EBFBCE" box="[612,766,1050,1074]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="188">C. aleuritoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
will assist them with these efforts. With the information provided here about the new species of
|
||
<emphasis id="3C9C0521161C2A539039D51AF76CFB8D" box="[554,633,1114,1137]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="188">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C9E8A2B0161C2A539039D51AF760FB8D" box="[554,629,1114,1137]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Croton</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
we strongly encourage local botanists, such as those working in the Missouri Botanical Garden office in Ramena, to better survey some of the remaining forests of the Montagne des Français massif to determine if there are any additional populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C9E8A2B0161C2A539309D5BAF4A5FAEE" box="[282,432,1274,1298]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aleuritoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="3C9C0521161C2A539309D5BAF4A5FAEE" box="[282,432,1274,1298]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="188">C. aleuritoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that can be located.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0E57D933161C2A539289D479F4C9F9AA" blockId="7.[116,767,1336,1622]" pageId="7" pageNumber="188">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="BE80D36E161C2A539289D479F7A0FA9A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3403396304" collectingDate="1951-05-21" collectionCode="TEF" collectorName="Service Forestier & Randrianarivelo" country="Madagascar" county="Comm. Mahavanona" elevation="166" latitude="-12.354167" location="Montagne des Francais" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="49.36111" municipality="Fkt. Andranomanitra" pageId="7" pageNumber="188" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Prov. Antsiranana" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<emphasis id="3C9C0521161C2A539289D479F5F9FAB7" box="[154,236,1337,1355]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="188">
|
||
<typeStatus id="D1536791161C2A539289D479F5F2FAB7" box="[154,231,1337,1355]" pageId="7" pageNumber="188" type="paratype">Paratypi</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="3C9C0521161C2A5392E3D478F754FAB7" bold="true" box="[240,577,1336,1355]" pageId="7" pageNumber="188">
|
||
–
|
||
<collectingCountry id="76FF99A3161C2A539312D478F496FAB6" box="[257,387,1336,1355]" name="Madagascar" pageId="7" pageNumber="188">MADAGASCAR</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="CC2C17D1161C2A53939CD478F72DFAB7" box="[399,568,1336,1355]" pageId="7" pageNumber="188">Prov. Antsiranana</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
DIANA,
|
||
<location id="0B378FE8161C2A5390B2D479F5F1FA9A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:86416825161A2A539137D283F4C9F9AA:0B378FE8161C2A5390B2D479F5F1FA9A" country="Madagascar" county="Comm. Mahavanona" latitude="-12.354167" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="49.36111" municipality="Fkt. Andranomanitra" name="Montagne des Francais" pageId="7" pageNumber="188" stateProvince="Prov. Antsiranana">Montagne des Français</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="7A56FFF3161C2A5392FED413F45CFA9A" box="[237,329,1363,1382]" pageId="7" pageNumber="188" value="1951-05-21">
|
||
<collectingDate id="6A12061B161C2A5392FED413F45CFA9A" box="[237,329,1363,1382]" pageId="7" pageNumber="188" value="1951-05-21">21.V.1951</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, ster.,
|
||
<emphasis id="3C9C0521161C2A539397D413F779FA9A" box="[388,620,1363,1382]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="188">Service Forestier R-I50-44</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="68F941F6161C2A53906AD413F7B3FA9A" box="[633,678,1363,1382]" collectionName="TEF" country="Madagascar" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12774" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12774" name="Centre National de la Recherche Appliquée au Developement Rural" pageId="7" pageNumber="188" type="Herbarium">TEF</collectionCode>
|
||
);
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="BE80D36E161C2A5390AFD413F7B7FA7D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3403396306" collectingDate="2005-02-03" collectionCode="DIANA" collectorName="Service Forestier & Randrianarivelo" country="Madagascar" county="Comm. Mahavanona" elevation="166" latitude="-12.354167" location="Campement Antafiankovoka" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="49.36111" municipality="Fkt. Andranomanitra" pageId="7" pageNumber="188" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Antsiranana" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<collectingCounty id="E736A1BF161C2A5390AFD413F5F6FA7D" pageId="7" pageNumber="188">Comm. Mahavanona</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="EE334349161C2A5392F8D42EF4B5FA7D" box="[235,416,1390,1409]" pageId="7" pageNumber="188">Fkt. Andranomanitra</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="0B378FE8161C2A5393BBD42EF78BFA7D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:86416825161A2A539137D283F4C9F9AA:0B378FE8161C2A5393BBD42EF78BFA7D" box="[424,670,1390,1409]" country="Madagascar" county="Comm. Mahavanona" latitude="-12.354167" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="49.36111" municipality="Fkt. Andranomanitra" name="Campement Antafiankovoka" pageId="7" pageNumber="188" stateProvince="Antsiranana">Campement Antafiankovoka</location>
|
||
,
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="BE80D36E161C2A5390B5D42EF496FA4A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3403396301" collectingDate="2005-02-03" collectionCode="MICH, MO, P, TAN" collectorName="Randrianarivelo" country="Madagascar" county="Comm. Mahavanona" elevation="166" latitude="-12.354167" location="Montagne des Francais" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="49.36111" municipality="Fkt. Andranomanitra" pageId="7" pageNumber="188" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Antsiranana" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<location id="0B378FE8161C2A5390B5D42EF5C8FA67" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:86416825161A2A539137D283F4C9F9AA:0B378FE8161C2A5390B5D42EF5C8FA67" country="Madagascar" county="Comm. Mahavanona" latitude="-12.354167" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="49.36111" municipality="Fkt. Andranomanitra" name="Montagne des Francais" pageId="7" pageNumber="188" stateProvince="Antsiranana">Montagne des Français</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="7A56FFF3161C2A5392F6D4C8F420FA67" box="[229,309,1416,1435]" pageId="7" pageNumber="188" value="2005-02-03">
|
||
<collectingDate id="6A12061B161C2A5392F6D4C8F420FA67" box="[229,309,1416,1435]" pageId="7" pageNumber="188" value="2005-02-03">3.II.2005</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="6BDCBFF4161C2A53932DD4C8F48EFA67" box="[318,411,1416,1435]" degrees="12" direction="south" minutes="21" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="188" precision="15" seconds="15" value="-12.354167">12°21’15”S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="6BDCBFF4161C2A5393B3D4C8F714FA67" box="[416,513,1416,1435]" degrees="49" direction="east" minutes="21" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="188" precision="15" seconds="40" value="49.36111">49°21’40”E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="C91074D6161C2A53901AD4C8F755FA60" box="[521,576,1416,1436]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.66" pageId="7" pageNumber="188" unit="m" value="166.0">
|
||
<elevation id="85C53E00161C2A53901AD4C8F755FA60" box="[521,576,1416,1436]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.66" pageId="7" pageNumber="188" unit="m" value="166.0">166 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, fr.,
|
||
<emphasis id="3C9C0521161C2A539077D4C8F5BBFA4A" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="188">
|
||
<collectorName id="A31DBCE5161C2A539077D4C8F7F9FA67" box="[612,748,1416,1435]" pageId="7" pageNumber="188">Randrianarivelo</collectorName>
|
||
et al. 199
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="68F941F6161C2A5392A9D4E3F5EFFA4A" box="[186,250,1443,1462]" collectionName="MICH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15602" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15602" name="University of Michigan" pageId="7" pageNumber="188" type="Herbarium">MICH</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="68F941F6161C2A539317D4E3F43EFA4A" box="[260,299,1443,1462]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15859" name="Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="7" pageNumber="188" type="Herbarium">MO</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="68F941F6161C2A539327D4E3F42AFA4A" box="[308,319,1443,1462]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="7" pageNumber="188" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="68F941F6161C2A539354D4E3F463FA4A" box="[327,374,1443,1462]" country="Madagascar" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13842" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13842" name="Parc de Tsimbazaza" pageId="7" pageNumber="188" type="Herbarium">TAN</collectionCode>
|
||
);
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="BE80D36E161C2A53939AD4E3F5E3F9FA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3403396305" collectingDate="2016-03-01" collectionCode="MICH, MO, P, TAN" collectorName="van Ee" country="Madagascar" county="Comm. Mahavanona" elevation="150" latitude="-12.354167" location="Montagne des Francais" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="49.36111" municipality="Fkt. Andranomanitra" pageId="7" pageNumber="188" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Antsiranana" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<location id="0B378FE8161C2A53939AD4E3F741FA4A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:86416825161A2A539137D283F4C9F9AA:0B378FE8161C2A53939AD4E3F741FA4A" box="[393,596,1443,1462]" country="Madagascar" county="Comm. Mahavanona" latitude="-12.354167" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="49.36111" municipality="Fkt. Andranomanitra" name="Montagne des Francais" pageId="7" pageNumber="188" stateProvince="Antsiranana">Montagne des Français</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<locationDeviation id="1FE5C011161C2A53904ED4E3F4EAFA2D" pageId="7" pageNumber="188">E side of massif, E side of Antso River (S of Andavakoera stream</locationDeviation>
|
||
), c.
|
||
<quantity id="C91074D6161C2A53900CD4FDF743FA2D" box="[543,598,1469,1489]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="188" unit="m" value="150.0">
|
||
<elevation id="85C53E00161C2A53900CD4FDF743FA2D" box="[543,598,1469,1489]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="188" unit="m" value="150.0">150 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
from the steep cliff walls,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="6BDCBFF4161C2A5392BBD498F413FA17" box="[168,262,1496,1515]" degrees="12" direction="south" minutes="21" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="188" precision="15" seconds="16" value="-12.3544445">12°21’16”S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="6BDCBFF4161C2A53931FD498F478FA17" box="[268,365,1496,1515]" degrees="49" direction="east" minutes="21" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="188" precision="15" seconds="41" value="49.36139">49°21’41”E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="C91074D6161C2A539365D498F4BBFA10" box="[374,430,1496,1516]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.68" pageId="7" pageNumber="188" unit="m" value="168.0">
|
||
<elevation id="85C53E00161C2A539365D498F4BBFA10" box="[374,430,1496,1516]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.68" pageId="7" pageNumber="188" unit="m" value="168.0">168 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="7A56FFF3161C2A5393A4D498F705FA17" box="[439,528,1496,1515]" pageId="7" pageNumber="188" value="2016-03-01">
|
||
<collectingDate id="6A12061B161C2A5393A4D498F705FA17" box="[439,528,1496,1515]" pageId="7" pageNumber="188" value="2016-03-01">1.III.2016</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="3C9C0521161C2A53900AD499F7BAFA17" box="[537,687,1496,1515]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="188">
|
||
<collectorName id="A31DBCE5161C2A53900AD499F746FA17" box="[537,595,1497,1515]" pageId="7" pageNumber="188">van Ee</collectorName>
|
||
et al. 2305
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="68F941F6161C2A5390A8D498F7EEFA17" box="[699,763,1496,1515]" collectionName="MICH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15602" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15602" name="University of Michigan" pageId="7" pageNumber="188" type="Herbarium">MICH</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="68F941F6161C2A539267D4B3F58EF9FA" box="[116,155,1523,1542]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15859" name="Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="7" pageNumber="188" type="Herbarium">MO</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="68F941F6161C2A5392B6D4B3F5A5F9FA" box="[165,176,1523,1542]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="7" pageNumber="188" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="68F941F6161C2A5392AAD4B3F5FDF9FA" box="[185,232,1523,1542]" country="Madagascar" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13842" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13842" name="Parc de Tsimbazaza" pageId="7" pageNumber="188" type="Herbarium">TAN</collectionCode>
|
||
);
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="BE80D36E161C2A5392EFD4B3F415F9DD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3403396307" collectingDate="2005-02-03" collectionCode="MICH, TAN" collectorName="van Ee" country="Madagascar" county="Comm. Mahavanona" elevation="176" latitude="-12.354167" location="Montagne des Francais" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="49.36111" municipality="Fkt. Andranomanitra" pageId="7" pageNumber="188" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Antsiranana" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<emphasis id="3C9C0521161C2A5392EFD4B3F45DF9FA" box="[252,328,1523,1542]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="188">ibid. loc.,</emphasis>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="6BDCBFF4161C2A53935ED4B3F4B8F9FA" box="[333,429,1523,1542]" degrees="12" direction="south" minutes="21" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="188" precision="15" seconds="14" value="-12.353889">12°21’14”S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="6BDCBFF4161C2A5393A7D4B3F70DF9FA" box="[436,536,1523,1542]" degrees="49" direction="east" minutes="21" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="188" precision="15" seconds="43" value="49.361942">49°21’43”E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="C91074D6161C2A539032D4B3F74FF9FA" box="[545,602,1523,1542]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.76" pageId="7" pageNumber="188" unit="m" value="176.0">
|
||
<elevation id="85C53E00161C2A539032D4B3F74FF9FA" box="[545,602,1523,1542]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.76" pageId="7" pageNumber="188" unit="m" value="176.0">176 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="3C9C0521161C2A539077D4B4F7EBF9FA" box="[612,766,1523,1542]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="188">
|
||
<collectorName id="A31DBCE5161C2A539077D4B4F7B5F9FA" box="[612,672,1524,1542]" pageId="7" pageNumber="188">van Ee</collectorName>
|
||
et al. 2306
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="68F941F6161C2A539268D74EF5AEF9DD" box="[123,187,1550,1569]" collectionName="MICH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15602" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15602" name="University of Michigan" pageId="7" pageNumber="188" type="Herbarium">MICH</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="68F941F6161C2A5392D7D74EF5E6F9DD" box="[196,243,1550,1569]" country="Madagascar" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13842" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13842" name="Parc de Tsimbazaza" pageId="7" pageNumber="188" type="Herbarium">TAN</collectionCode>
|
||
);
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="BE80D36E161C2A539315D74EF4C2F9AA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3403396303" collectingDate="2016-03-01" collectionCode="MICH, MO, P, TAN" collectorName="van Ee" country="Madagascar" county="Comm. Mahavanona" elevation="90" latitude="-12.354167" location="Montagne des Francais" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="49.36111" municipality="Fkt. Andranomanitra" pageId="7" pageNumber="188" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Antsiranana" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<emphasis id="3C9C0521161C2A539315D74EF45AF9DD" box="[262,335,1550,1569]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="188">ibid. loc.,</emphasis>
|
||
<locationDeviation id="1FE5C011161C2A539347D74EF483F9C7" pageId="7" pageNumber="188">small tsingy outcrop on W side of river, c. 20 min walk from village of Andavakoera</locationDeviation>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="6BDCBFF4161C2A53938CD768F4E9F9C7" box="[415,508,1576,1595]" degrees="12" direction="south" minutes="20" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="188" precision="15" seconds="26" value="-12.340555">12°20’26”S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="6BDCBFF4161C2A539011D768F771F9C7" box="[514,612,1576,1595]" degrees="49" direction="east" minutes="21" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="188" precision="15" seconds="39" value="49.360832">49°21’39”E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="C91074D6161C2A53907ED768F78FF9C0" box="[621,666,1576,1596]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="188" unit="m" value="90.0">
|
||
<elevation id="85C53E00161C2A53907ED768F78FF9C0" box="[621,666,1576,1596]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="188" unit="m" value="90.0">90 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="7A56FFF3161C2A5390B1D768F7EEF9C7" box="[674,763,1576,1595]" pageId="7" pageNumber="188" value="2016-03-01">
|
||
<collectingDate id="6A12061B161C2A5390B1D768F7EEF9C7" box="[674,763,1576,1595]" pageId="7" pageNumber="188" value="2016-03-01">1.III.2016</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="3C9C0521161C2A539267D704F41EF9AA" box="[116,267,1603,1622]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="188">
|
||
<collectorName id="A31DBCE5161C2A539267D704F5BAF9AA" box="[116,175,1604,1622]" pageId="7" pageNumber="188">van Ee</collectorName>
|
||
et al. 2311
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="68F941F6161C2A539305D703F443F9AA" box="[278,342,1603,1622]" collectionName="MICH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15602" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15602" name="University of Michigan" pageId="7" pageNumber="188" type="Herbarium">MICH</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="68F941F6161C2A53934DD703F490F9AA" box="[350,389,1603,1622]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15859" name="Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="7" pageNumber="188" type="Herbarium">MO</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="68F941F6161C2A53939DD703F48CF9AA" box="[398,409,1603,1622]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="7" pageNumber="188" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="68F941F6161C2A5393B3D703F4C4F9AA" box="[416,465,1603,1622]" country="Madagascar" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13842" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13842" name="Parc de Tsimbazaza" pageId="7" pageNumber="188" type="Herbarium">TAN</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |