406 lines
52 KiB
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406 lines
52 KiB
XML
<document id="543284A9CDE829FF23B6486010C32472" ID-DOI="10.11865/zs.2021406" ID-ISSN="2095-6827" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12815384" ID-ZooBank="4F111491-6690-4B8C-86CA-92E018D935D1" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1721868901109" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Tao, Zhulin, Wang, Zhibo, Xiao, Qiang & Wang, Shuxia" docDate="2021" docId="E73264526C1A1E14FAD1F8AA5DC134C0" docLanguage="en" docName="ZoolSyst.46.4.323-327.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Systematics 46 (4)" docSource="https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/920eb6fd-d031-3d52-8e39-3f73b14a682f/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:07E7829F32901B127B59E960199959BD.1:ZoolSyst.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="07E7829F32901B127B59E960199959BD" docStyleName="ZoolSyst.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Neospastis camellia S. Wang 2021, nom. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="327" masterDocId="1B0B1C2A6C1A1E10FA59FFEA59483672" masterDocTitle="Neospastis camellia S. Wang, nom. nov. (Lepidoptera: Xyloryctidae), a replacement name of N. simaona in China" masterLastPageNumber="327" masterPageNumber="323" pageNumber="323" updateTime="1721875317659" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="C7590E82462E52BFFBC6540E0996ADE1">Neospastis camellia S. Wang, nom. nov. (Lepidoptera: Xyloryctidae), a replacement name of N. simaona in China</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FDAA1541E6B23376FBD4DEDD8597926C">Tao, Zhulin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="559E5076034C06A40505AF7830B98786">College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="1B284B5D89C70477E0474C91C7CA51C2">Wang, Zhibo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="4061F65C84E1A7A1D87E132349D26391">Institute of Tea Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China Corresponding author, E-mail: shxwang @ nankai. edu. cn</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="6AB6CE175828136F9D9C7ADDF0C8DBAA">Xiao, Qiang</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="25669960D61D7D0A47182FF1515A3E6B">Institute of Tea Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China Corresponding author, E-mail: shxwang @ nankai. edu. cn</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="79AD1B6FAD197D465D79FA7A82570A5E">Wang, Shuxia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="BA750FC37906A96A2C483CD33853C266">College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="A663DF89CA04A023CF47CB8C4BFC7D43">Zoological Systematics</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="38D9D127613A45B6049C71A02BACEB7E">2021</mods:date>
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<treatment id="E73264526C1A1E14FAD1F8AA5DC134C0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E73264526C1A1E14FAD1F8AA5DC134C0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E73264526C1A1E14FAD1F8AA5DC134C0" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="327" pageId="0" pageNumber="323">
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<subSubSection id="278186CF6C1A1E10FAD1F8AA5B9B312A" box="[136,723,1856,1880]" pageId="0" pageNumber="323" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="6F24D5446C1A1E10FAD1F8AA5B9B312A" blockId="0.[136,759,1856,1913]" box="[136,723,1856,1880]" pageId="0" pageNumber="323">
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<heading id="346C62286C1A1E10FAD1F8AA5B9B312A" box="[136,723,1856,1880]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="323" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="5DEF09566C1A1E10FAD1F8AA5B74312A" bold="true" box="[136,572,1856,1880]" pageId="0" pageNumber="323">
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<taxonomicName id="A89BAEC76C1A1E10FAD1F8AA588A312A" authority="S. Wang" authorityName="S. Wang" authorityYear="2021" box="[136,450,1856,1880]" class="Insecta" family="Xyloryctidae" genus="Neospastis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="323" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="camellia" status="nom. nov.">
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<emphasis id="5DEF09566C1A1E10FAD1F8AA5829312A" bold="true" box="[136,353,1856,1880]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="323">Neospastis camellia</emphasis>
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S. Wang
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="46DCB42D6C1A1E10FB97F8AA5B74312A" box="[462,572,1856,1880]" pageId="0" pageNumber="323">nom. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="F7A0C9C16C1A1E10F806F8AA5B82312A" box="[607,714,1856,1880]" captionStart-0="Figures 1–2" captionStart-1="Figures 3–4" captionStart-2="Figures 5–13" captionStartId-0="2.[155,227,932,954]" captionStartId-1="2.[155,227,1807,1829]" captionStartId-2="3.[155,227,1994,2016]" captionTargetBox-0="[189,1398,237,901]" captionTargetBox-1="[155,1365,1043,1769]" captionTargetBox-2="[189,1399,271,1950]" captionTargetId-0="figure-179@2.[189,1398,236,901]" captionTargetId-1="figure-182@2.[155,1365,1033,1773]" captionTargetId-2="figure-45@3.[189,1399,271,1950]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="2" captionTargetPageId-2="3" captionText-0="Figures 1–2. Adults of Neospastis camellia S. Wang, nom. nov. 1. Paratype, male (a. Head in lateral view; b. Head in front view). 2. Paratype, female (a. Head in lateral view; b. Head in front view). Scale bars: 1–2=2.0mm; a–b=0.2mm." captionText-1="Figures 3–4. Genitalia of Neospastis camellia S. Wang, nom. nov. 3. Male genitalia, paratype, slide No. TZL19804♂ (a. Paratype, enlarged lateral lobes of juxta, slide No. TZL20454). 4. Female genitalia, paratype, slide No. TZL19805♀ (a. Enlarged signum). Scale bars: 3–4=0.5mm; a=0.2mm." captionText-2="Figures 5–13. Immature stages of Neospastis camellia S. Wang, nom. nov. 5. Eggs. 6–8. Larvae. 6. 1stinstar larva. 7. 2th instar larva. 8. 4th instar larva. 9. 6th instar larva. 10. Pupae. 11–13. Feeding behavior." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12815386" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12815390" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12815392" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/12815386/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/12815390/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/12815392/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="323">Figs 1–13</figureCitation>
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)
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="278186CF6C1A1E11FAD1F8895BDA3773" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="324" pageId="0" pageNumber="323" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="6F24D5446C1A1E10FAD1F8895BBF310B" blockId="0.[136,759,1856,1913]" box="[136,759,1890,1913]" pageId="0" pageNumber="323">
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<taxonomicName id="A89BAEC76C1A1E10FAD1F88958B9310A" authority="Wang, 1999: 195" authorityName="Wang" authorityPageNumber="195" authorityYear="1999" box="[136,497,1890,1912]" class="Insecta" family="Xyloryctidae" genus="Neospastis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="323" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simaona">
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<emphasis id="5DEF09566C1A1E10FAD1F889580F310A" box="[136,327,1891,1912]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="323">Neospastis simaona</emphasis>
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Wang, 1999: 195
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</taxonomicName>
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(unpublished, PhD thesis).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6F24D5446C1B1E11FAD1FF075BDA3773" blockId="1.[136,658,236,258]" box="[136,658,236,258]" pageId="1" pageNumber="324">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="4F8BF26A6C1B1E11FAD1FF075BDA3773" box="[136,658,236,258]" pageId="1" pageNumber="324">
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<taxonomicName id="A89BAEC76C1B1E11FAD1FF0758ED3770" authority="Wang, In" authorityName="Wang, In" box="[136,421,237,258]" class="Insecta" family="Xyloryctidae" genus="Neospastis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="324" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simaona">
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<emphasis id="5DEF09566C1B1E11FAD1FF07580F3770" box="[136,327,237,258]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="324">Neospastis simaona</emphasis>
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Wang,
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<emphasis id="5DEF09566C1B1E11FBC8FF0758ED3770" box="[401,421,237,258]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="324">In</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
:
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<treatmentCitation id="EE3AF3556C1B1E11FBE8FF075BC63773" author="Wang" box="[433,654,236,258]" page="742" pageId="1" pageNumber="324" year="2012">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="0B0AA8B56C1B1E11FBE8FF075BC63773" author="Wang" box="[433,654,236,258]" pageId="1" pageNumber="324" pagination="742 - 746" refId="ref2784" refString="Wang, B., Chen, L., Zhang, T. S., Cai Y. L., Li, K. 2012. Research on the feeding behavior of Neospastis simaona larvae. Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology, 49 (3): 742 - 746." type="journal article" year="2012">
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Wang
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<emphasis id="5DEF09566C1B1E11FBB7FF075B513773" box="[494,537,236,258]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="324">et al</emphasis>
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||
., 2012: 742
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="278186CF6C1B1E14FAE4FECB5DAF3431" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="327" pageId="1" pageNumber="324" type="diagnosis">
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||
<paragraph id="6F24D5446C1B1E11FAE4FECB5D8B37B6" blockId="1.[136,1452,289,2081]" pageId="1" pageNumber="324">
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Diagnosis. The species is similar to
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<taxonomicName id="A89BAEC76C1B1E11F86DFEC85A0B374B" authority="Bradley, 1967" authorityName="Bradley" authorityYear="1967" box="[564,835,289,313]" class="Insecta" family="Xyloryctidae" genus="Neospastis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="324" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinensis">
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<emphasis id="5DEF09566C1B1E11F86DFEC85BEE374B" box="[564,678,290,313]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="324">N. sinensis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="0B0AA8B56C1B1E11F8F2FECB5A0B374B" author="Bradley" box="[683,835,289,313]" pageId="1" pageNumber="324" pagination="199 - 201" refId="ref2410" refString="Bradley, J. D. 1967. A new species of Neospastis Meyrick (Lepidoptera, Xyloryctidae) on tea (Camellia sinensis) in Hong Kong. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 57 (2): 199 - 201." type="journal article" year="1967">Bradley, 1967</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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. It can be distinguished from the latter in the male genitalia by the sacculus lacking a distal process, and the juxta with lateral lobes sub-triangular; in the female genitalia by the lamella antevaginalis laterally extending straightly outward. In
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<taxonomicName id="A89BAEC76C1B1E11F88FFE8D5A01370C" authorityName="Bradley" authorityYear="1967" box="[726,841,359,382]" class="Insecta" family="Xyloryctidae" genus="Neospastis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="324" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinensis">
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<emphasis id="5DEF09566C1B1E11F88FFE8D5A01370C" box="[726,841,359,382]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="324">N. sinensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, the sacculus has a distal process, and the lateral lobes of the juxta are sub-rectangular in basal half and bifurcate in distal half (
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<bibRefCitation id="0B0AA8B56C1B1E11F925FE635D5037D3" author="Bradley" box="[892,1048,393,417]" pageId="1" pageNumber="324" pagination="199 - 201" refId="ref2410" refString="Bradley, J. D. 1967. A new species of Neospastis Meyrick (Lepidoptera, Xyloryctidae) on tea (Camellia sinensis) in Hong Kong. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 57 (2): 199 - 201." type="journal article" year="1967">Bradley, 1967</bibRefCitation>
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: pl. 5, fig. 3); in the female genitalia, the lamella antevaginalis laterally extends obliquely outward and dorsad (
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<bibRefCitation id="0B0AA8B56C1B1E11F9C3FE465D7C37B6" author="Bradley" box="[922,1076,428,452]" pageId="1" pageNumber="324" pagination="199 - 201" refId="ref2410" refString="Bradley, J. D. 1967. A new species of Neospastis Meyrick (Lepidoptera, Xyloryctidae) on tea (Camellia sinensis) in Hong Kong. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 57 (2): 199 - 201." type="journal article" year="1967">Bradley, 1967</bibRefCitation>
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||
: pl. 5, fig. 7).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6F24D5446C1B1E11FAE4FE255B9D35F5" blockId="1.[136,1452,289,2081]" pageId="1" pageNumber="324">
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Description. Adult (
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<figureCitation id="F7A0C9C16C1B1E11FBCAFE2558BD3795" box="[403,501,463,487]" captionStart="Figures 1–2" captionStartId="2.[155,227,932,954]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,237,901]" captionTargetId="figure-179@2.[189,1398,236,901]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figures 1–2. Adults of Neospastis camellia S. Wang, nom. nov. 1. Paratype, male (a. Head in lateral view; b. Head in front view). 2. Paratype, female (a. Head in lateral view; b. Head in front view). Scale bars: 1–2=2.0mm; a–b=0.2mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12815386" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12815386/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="324">Figs 1–2</figureCitation>
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). Wingspan 31.0–33.0 mm. Head dirty white. Antenna with scape dirty white; flagellum pale yellow annulated with brown on dorsal surface, blackish brown on ventral margin, ciliate in male. Labial palpus dirty white, second palpomere thickened by spreading scales; third palpomere about 1/2 length of second palpomere, pointed at apex. Thorax, tegula and forewing dirty white. Forewing sub-rectangular, apex obtuse, termen slightly oblique; ground color dirty white, with scattered brown scales; costal margin greyish brown basally, with a round brown spot at basal 1/4; discocellular and plical spots small, black; tornal spot larger, blackish brown, ill-defined; long slender streak formed by dense brown scales from base of costal margin running along above fold to discocellular spot, ill-defined distally; postmedian line brown, from middle of costal margin extending obliquely to beyond anterior angle of cell, then arched along outer margin of cell, and finally oblique inward to inner margin of tornal spot, with a larger spot at starting point of costal margin; subterminal line brown, from basal 5/9 of costal margin extending to outer margin of tornal spot, parallel with postmedian line, with a larger spot at starting point of costal margin; terminal line represented by blackish brown dots running from preapex along termen to tornus; fringe dirty white, tinged with brown-tipped scales. Hindwing and fringe greyish white. Legs greyish white, tarsi and spurs pale greyish brown.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6F24D5446C1B1E11FAE4FC7B5A6F3376" blockId="1.[136,1452,289,2081]" pageId="1" pageNumber="324">
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Male genitalia (
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<figureCitation id="F7A0C9C16C1B1E11FB3BFC7B58E935DB" box="[354,417,913,937]" captionStart="Figures 3–4" captionStartId="2.[155,227,1807,1829]" captionTargetBox="[155,1365,1043,1769]" captionTargetId="figure-182@2.[155,1365,1033,1773]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figures 3–4. Genitalia of Neospastis camellia S. Wang, nom. nov. 3. Male genitalia, paratype, slide No. TZL19804♂ (a. Paratype, enlarged lateral lobes of juxta, slide No. TZL20454). 4. Female genitalia, paratype, slide No. TZL19805♀ (a. Enlarged signum). Scale bars: 3–4=0.5mm; a=0.2mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12815390" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12815390/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="324">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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). Uncus wide at base, gradually narrowed to basal 1/3, thereafter slender to rounded apex. Gnathos shorter than uncus; mesial plate digitate, round at apex; basal arm widely banded, about twice length of mesial plate. Tegumen short, lateral arm sub-ovoid. Valva subparallel in basal half, slightly narrowed in distal half, narrowly rounded and setose apically; costa narrowly banded, slightly narrowed to pointed apex, with a narrow band arising from subbase extending to below basal 1/3 where some long setae grouped. Sacculus wide and about 2/5 width of valva basally, narrowed distally, reaching distal 1/4 length of valva, arched ventrobasally, setose ventromedially, concave at distal 1/4; strong spines running from end of sacculus along ventral margin of valva to apex, with a very narrow finely setose fold from distal 1/4 extending obliquely inward to midwidth of valva at basal 3/5. Vinculum widened anteriorly, obtuse on anterior margin. Juxta narrowly joined anteriorly; lateral lobes sub-triangular, rounded at apex, setose in distal half; basal 2/3 with a narrow sclerotized band along inner margin, bearing a spine at its posterior corner (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F7A0C9C16C1B1E11F982FB235D633293" box="[987,1067,1225,1249]" captionStart="Figures 3–4" captionStartId="2.[155,227,1807,1829]" captionTargetBox="[155,1365,1043,1769]" captionTargetId="figure-182@2.[155,1365,1033,1773]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figures 3–4. Genitalia of Neospastis camellia S. Wang, nom. nov. 3. Male genitalia, paratype, slide No. TZL19804♂ (a. Paratype, enlarged lateral lobes of juxta, slide No. TZL20454). 4. Female genitalia, paratype, slide No. TZL19805♀ (a. Enlarged signum). Scale bars: 3–4=0.5mm; a=0.2mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12815390" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12815390/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="324">Fig. 3a</figureCitation>
|
||
). Aedeagus with basal 1/2 slightly narrower than distal 1/2, with a few indistinct sclerites distally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6F24D5446C1B1E11FAE4FAE55CEB33A6" blockId="1.[136,1452,289,2081]" pageId="1" pageNumber="324">
|
||
Female genitalia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F7A0C9C16C1B1E11FBDDFAE558813355" box="[388,457,1295,1319]" captionStart="Figures 3–4" captionStartId="2.[155,227,1807,1829]" captionTargetBox="[155,1365,1043,1769]" captionTargetId="figure-182@2.[155,1365,1033,1773]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figures 3–4. Genitalia of Neospastis camellia S. Wang, nom. nov. 3. Male genitalia, paratype, slide No. TZL19804♂ (a. Paratype, enlarged lateral lobes of juxta, slide No. TZL20454). 4. Female genitalia, paratype, slide No. TZL19805♀ (a. Enlarged signum). Scale bars: 3–4=0.5mm; a=0.2mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12815390" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12815390/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="324">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). Papillae anales sub-rectangular, rounded on posterior margin, with short setae. Posterior apophyses about twice length of anterior apophyses. Eighth tergum composed of two quadrate plates; eighth sternum rectangular. Seventh sternum with a wrinkled sub-rectangular area near lateral margin. Lamella antevaginalis short, straight on posterior margin, rounded on anterior margin, laterally extending straightly outward to posterolateral corner of seventh sternum, forming a spiculate straight band. Antrum short, weakly sclerotized. Ductus bursae slender, membranous. Corpus bursae round, with dense spicules; signum sub-rectangular, covered with dense denticles, grooved longitudinally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F7A0C9C16C1B1E11FF11FA565CDE33A6" box="[1352,1430,1468,1492]" captionStart="Figures 3–4" captionStartId="2.[155,227,1807,1829]" captionTargetBox="[155,1365,1043,1769]" captionTargetId="figure-182@2.[155,1365,1033,1773]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figures 3–4. Genitalia of Neospastis camellia S. Wang, nom. nov. 3. Male genitalia, paratype, slide No. TZL19804♂ (a. Paratype, enlarged lateral lobes of juxta, slide No. TZL20454). 4. Female genitalia, paratype, slide No. TZL19805♀ (a. Enlarged signum). Scale bars: 3–4=0.5mm; a=0.2mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12815390" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12815390/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="324">Fig. 4a</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6F24D5446C1B1E11FAE4FA355BBD306B" blockId="1.[136,1452,289,2081]" pageId="1" pageNumber="324">
|
||
Egg. Approximately
|
||
<quantity id="A86378A16C1B1E11FBC5FA3558A23384" box="[412,490,1503,1527]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="324" unit="mm" value="0.7">0.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
long and
|
||
<quantity id="A86378A16C1B1E11F80DFA355BE93384" box="[596,673,1503,1527]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="324" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide, spindle-shaped, with flat part in bottom, pale green in early phase, and changed to yellow green during development (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F7A0C9C16C1B1E11F8FFF9EB5BAF306B" box="[678,743,1537,1561]" captionStart="Figures 5–13" captionStartId="3.[155,227,1994,2016]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,271,1950]" captionTargetId="figure-45@3.[189,1399,271,1950]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figures 5–13. Immature stages of Neospastis camellia S. Wang, nom. nov. 5. Eggs. 6–8. Larvae. 6. 1stinstar larva. 7. 2th instar larva. 8. 4th instar larva. 9. 6th instar larva. 10. Pupae. 11–13. Feeding behavior." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12815392" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12815392/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="324">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6F24D5446C1B1E11FAE4F9CE5AF4315C" blockId="1.[136,1452,289,2081]" pageId="1" pageNumber="324">
|
||
Larva. Six instar stages present. Length of first instar 2.0–5.0 mm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F7A0C9C16C1B1E11F9C7F9CE5AAA304E" box="[926,994,1572,1596]" captionStart="Figures 5–13" captionStartId="3.[155,227,1994,2016]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,271,1950]" captionTargetId="figure-45@3.[189,1399,271,1950]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figures 5–13. Immature stages of Neospastis camellia S. Wang, nom. nov. 5. Eggs. 6–8. Larvae. 6. 1stinstar larva. 7. 2th instar larva. 8. 4th instar larva. 9. 6th instar larva. 10. Pupae. 11–13. Feeding behavior." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12815392" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12815392/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="324">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
); head and proscutum black brown; body translucent yellow with red ring lines in each arthromere. Second instar 5.0–
|
||
<quantity id="A86378A16C1B1E11F9EEF9AC5D4F302C" box="[951,1031,1606,1630]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4" pageId="1" pageNumber="324" unit="mm" value="6.4">6.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
, translucent yellow (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F7A0C9C16C1B1E11FEBDF9AD5C6D302D" box="[1252,1317,1607,1631]" captionStart="Figures 5–13" captionStartId="3.[155,227,1994,2016]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,271,1950]" captionTargetId="figure-45@3.[189,1399,271,1950]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figures 5–13. Immature stages of Neospastis camellia S. Wang, nom. nov. 5. Eggs. 6–8. Larvae. 6. 1stinstar larva. 7. 2th instar larva. 8. 4th instar larva. 9. 6th instar larva. 10. Pupae. 11–13. Feeding behavior." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12815392" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12815392/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="324">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
); proscutum and anal plate chitinize completely; red ring lines vanished and black verrucae appeared in each arthromere gradually; verrucae different-sized dots, which symmetrically distributed in venter, flank and back of body; protothorax with 4 verrucae, mesothorax and metathorax both with 10 and 16 verrucae in each abdominal segment (1–9); seta inserted in verruca. Fourth instar changed to yellow and a pair of brown black stripes appeared in back of body from protothorax to ninth abdominal segment; black proscutum divided in half by a yellow stripe in middle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F7A0C9C16C1B1E11F9C6F91E5AAA317E" box="[927,994,1780,1804]" captionStart="Figures 5–13" captionStartId="3.[155,227,1994,2016]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,271,1950]" captionTargetId="figure-45@3.[189,1399,271,1950]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figures 5–13. Immature stages of Neospastis camellia S. Wang, nom. nov. 5. Eggs. 6–8. Larvae. 6. 1stinstar larva. 7. 2th instar larva. 8. 4th instar larva. 9. 6th instar larva. 10. Pupae. 11–13. Feeding behavior." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12815392" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12815392/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="324">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
). Sixth instar 22.0–
|
||
<quantity id="A86378A16C1B1E11FEE5F91E5C5D3179" box="[1212,1301,1780,1804]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.43" pageId="1" pageNumber="324" unit="mm" value="24.3">24.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="F7A0C9C16C1B1E11FF71F91E5C23317E" box="[1320,1387,1780,1804]" captionStart="Figures 5–13" captionStartId="3.[155,227,1994,2016]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,271,1950]" captionTargetId="figure-45@3.[189,1399,271,1950]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figures 5–13. Immature stages of Neospastis camellia S. Wang, nom. nov. 5. Eggs. 6–8. Larvae. 6. 1stinstar larva. 7. 2th instar larva. 8. 4th instar larva. 9. 6th instar larva. 10. Pupae. 11–13. Feeding behavior." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12815392" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12815392/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="324">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
); two stripes on back became black, and body changed to deep yellow and opaque.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6F24D5446C1B1E11FAE4F8D05B4E3106" blockId="1.[136,1452,289,2081]" pageId="1" pageNumber="324">
|
||
Pupa. Length
|
||
<quantity id="A86378A16C1B1E11FB0EF8D35B453123" box="[343,525,1849,1873]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1175" metricValueMax="1.21" metricValueMin="1.025" pageId="1" pageNumber="324" unit="mm" value="11.175" valueMax="12.1" valueMin="10.25">10.25–12.10 mm</quantity>
|
||
, width
|
||
<quantity id="A86378A16C1B1E11F839F8D35BB33123" box="[608,763,1849,1873]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.975" metricValueMax="6.65" metricValueMin="5.3" pageId="1" pageNumber="324" unit="mm" value="5.975" valueMax="6.65" valueMin="5.3">5.30–6.65 mm</quantity>
|
||
; dark brown and glossy; front obtusely rounded, tail tip sharp, back ridged, flat ventrally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F7A0C9C16C1B1E11FBF3F8B658B13106" box="[426,505,1884,1908]" captionStart="Figures 5–13" captionStartId="3.[155,227,1994,2016]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,271,1950]" captionTargetId="figure-45@3.[189,1399,271,1950]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figures 5–13. Immature stages of Neospastis camellia S. Wang, nom. nov. 5. Eggs. 6–8. Larvae. 6. 1stinstar larva. 7. 2th instar larva. 8. 4th instar larva. 9. 6th instar larva. 10. Pupae. 11–13. Feeding behavior." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12815392" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12815392/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="324">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6F24D5446C1B1E11FAE4F8955C7431AE" blockId="1.[136,1452,289,2081]" pageId="1" pageNumber="324">
|
||
Type material.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="DFF3DF196C1B1E11FB31F8955BEA31E4" box="[360,674,1919,1943]" country="China" location="Yunnan" pageId="1" pageNumber="324" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Yunnan" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="178C95D46C1B1E11FB31F89558E231E5" box="[360,426,1919,1943]" name="China" pageId="1" pageNumber="324">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="AD5F1BA66C1B1E11FBE0F8955B4731E4" box="[441,527,1919,1942]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="1" pageNumber="324">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
<typeStatus id="B0206BE66C1B1E11F844F8955BC831E5" box="[541,640,1919,1943]" pageId="1" pageNumber="324" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<specimenCount id="799D1ECD6C1B1E11F8D5F8955BEA31E4" box="[652,674,1919,1942]" count="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="324" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="DFF3DF196C1B1E11F8EBF8955CE031E4" box="[690,1448,1918,1943]" collectingDate="1995-04-24" collectorName="GY Yan & No. W" country="China" elevation="1352" location="Pu'er" municipality="Simao" pageId="1" pageNumber="324" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Yunnan" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="8F404F3E6C1B1E11F8EBF8955BB131E5" box="[690,761,1919,1943]" pageId="1" pageNumber="324">Simao</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="6A44839F6C1B1E11F951F8955A7731E5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E73264526C1A1E14FAD1F8AA5DC134C0:6A44839F6C1B1E11F951F8955A7731E5" box="[776,831,1919,1943]" country="China" municipality="Simao" name="Pu'er" pageId="1" pageNumber="324" stateProvince="Yunnan">Pu'er</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="A86378A16C1B1E11F916F8945AEA31E4" box="[847,930,1918,1942]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3519999999999999" pageId="1" pageNumber="324" unit="m" value="1352.0">
|
||
<elevation id="E4B632776C1B1E11F916F8945AEA31E4" box="[847,930,1918,1942]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3519999999999999" pageId="1" pageNumber="324" unit="m" value="1352.0">1352 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="1B25F3846C1B1E11F9EBF8945D6231E4" box="[946,1066,1918,1942]" pageId="1" pageNumber="324" value="1995-04-24">
|
||
<collectingDate id="0B610A6C6C1B1E11F9EBF8945D6231E4" box="[946,1066,1918,1942]" pageId="1" pageNumber="324" value="1995-04-24">24.IV.1995</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, leg.
|
||
<collectorName id="C26EB0926C1B1E11FE34F8955D8131E4" box="[1133,1225,1919,1943]" pageId="1" pageNumber="324">GY Yan</collectorName>
|
||
, slide
|
||
<collectorName id="C26EB0926C1B1E11FF4EF8955C2B31E4" box="[1303,1379,1918,1942]" pageId="1" pageNumber="324">No. W</collectorName>
|
||
95199
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="B0206BE66C1B1E11FAD1F84859BB31C8" box="[136,243,1954,1978]" pageId="1" pageNumber="324" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
<specimenCount id="799D1ECD6C1B1E11FAA6F84B586031CB" box="[255,296,1953,1977]" count="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="324" type="male">2♂</specimenCount>
|
||
<specimenCount id="799D1ECD6C1B1E11FB71F84B580B31CB" box="[296,323,1953,1977]" count="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="324" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="DFF3DF196C1B1E11FB08F84B5AE131CB" box="[337,937,1953,1977]" collectingDate="2018-09-30" collectorName="Q Xiao & Nos." country="China" location="Pu'er" pageId="1" pageNumber="324" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Yunnan" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<location id="6A44839F6C1B1E11FB08F84B58C031CB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E73264526C1A1E14FAD1F8AA5DC134C0:6A44839F6C1B1E11FB08F84B58C031CB" box="[337,392,1953,1977]" country="China" name="Pu'er" pageId="1" pageNumber="324" stateProvince="Yunnan">Pu'er</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="1B25F3846C1B1E11FBCDF84B5B5831CB" box="[404,528,1953,1977]" pageId="1" pageNumber="324" value="2018-09-30">
|
||
<collectingDate id="0B610A6C6C1B1E11FBCDF84B5B5831CB" box="[404,528,1953,1977]" pageId="1" pageNumber="324" value="2018-09-30">30.IX.2018</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, leg.
|
||
<collectorName id="C26EB0926C1B1E11F815F84B5BD631CB" box="[588,670,1953,1977]" pageId="1" pageNumber="324">Q Xiao</collectorName>
|
||
, slide
|
||
<collectorName id="C26EB0926C1B1E11F8BFF8485A5031CB" box="[742,792,1954,1977]" pageId="1" pageNumber="324">Nos.</collectorName>
|
||
TZL20452
|
||
<specimenCount id="799D1ECD6C1B1E11F9CEF84B5AE131CB" box="[919,937,1953,1977]" count="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="324" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
, TZL19804
|
||
<specimenCount id="799D1ECD6C1B1E11FE77F84B5D0831CB" box="[1070,1088,1953,1977]" count="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="324" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, TZL19805
|
||
<specimenCount id="799D1ECD6C1B1E11FE93F84B5D9F31CB" box="[1226,1239,1953,1977]" count="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="324" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="DFF3DF196C1B1E11FEBAF84B5C6031CB" box="[1251,1320,1953,1977]" collectingDate="2018-09-30" collectorName="Q Xiao & Nos." country="China" isTailEnumeration="true" location="Pu'er" pageId="1" pageNumber="324" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Yunnan" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCount id="799D1ECD6C1B1E11FEBAF84B5C4131CB" box="[1251,1289,1953,1977]" count="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="324" type="male">2♂</specimenCount>
|
||
<specimenCount id="799D1ECD6C1B1E11FF50F84B5C6031CB" box="[1289,1320,1953,1977]" count="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="324" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="DFF3DF196C1B1E11FF6CF84B5ACF31AE" collectingDate="2020-05-10" collectionCode="V" collectorName="ZB Wang & Nos." country="China" location="Pu'er" municipality="Longsheng Tea Plantation" pageId="1" pageNumber="324" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Yunnan" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="8F404F3E6C1B1E11FF6CF84B586C31AE" pageId="1" pageNumber="324">Longsheng Tea Plantation</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="6A44839F6C1B1E11FB77F82E582D31AE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E73264526C1A1E14FAD1F8AA5DC134C0:6A44839F6C1B1E11FB77F82E582D31AE" box="[302,357,1988,2012]" country="China" municipality="Longsheng Tea Plantation" name="Pu'er" pageId="1" pageNumber="324" stateProvince="Yunnan">Pu'er</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="1B25F3846C1B1E11FB29F82E58A831AE" box="[368,480,1988,2012]" pageId="1" pageNumber="324" value="2020-05-10">
|
||
<collectingDate id="0B610A6C6C1B1E11FB29F82E58A831AE" box="[368,480,1988,2012]" pageId="1" pageNumber="324" value="2020-05-10">
|
||
10.
|
||
<collectionCode id="098A4D816C1B1E11FBD7F82E58EA31AE" box="[398,418,1988,2012]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="1" pageNumber="324" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||
.2020
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, leg.
|
||
<collectorName id="C26EB0926C1B1E11F840F82E5BC931AE" box="[537,641,1988,2012]" pageId="1" pageNumber="324">ZB Wang</collectorName>
|
||
, slide
|
||
<collectorName id="C26EB0926C1B1E11F89CF82E5BBF31A9" box="[709,759,1988,2011]" pageId="1" pageNumber="324">Nos.</collectorName>
|
||
TZL19783
|
||
<specimenCount id="799D1ECD6C1B1E11F92CF82E5ACF31AE" box="[885,903,1988,2012]" count="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="324" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
, TZL20454
|
||
<specimenCount id="799D1ECD6C1B1E11FE53F82E5D5431AE" box="[1034,1052,1988,2012]" count="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="324" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, TZL1985
|
||
<specimenCount id="799D1ECD6C1B1E11FECCF82E5DEA31AE" box="[1173,1186,1988,2012]" count="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="324" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, TZL20451
|
||
<specimenCount id="799D1ECD6C1B1E11FF72F82E5C7031AE" box="[1323,1336,1988,2012]" count="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="324" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6F24D5446C1B1E11FAE4F80D5A50318D" blockId="1.[136,1452,289,2081]" box="[189,792,2023,2047]" pageId="1" pageNumber="324">
|
||
Hostplant.
|
||
<emphasis id="5DEF09566C1B1E11FB6AF80D58A7318C" box="[307,495,2023,2047]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="324">
|
||
Camellia
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A89BAEC76C1B1E11FBC2F80D58A7318C" authorityName="Bradley" authorityYear="1967" box="[411,495,2023,2046]" class="Insecta" family="Xyloryctidae" genus="Neospastis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="324" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinensis">sinensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(L.) O. Kuntze (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A89BAEC76C1B1E11F8F8F80D5A44318D" box="[673,780,2023,2047]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Theaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="1" pageNumber="324" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Theaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6F24D5446C1B1E11FAE4F7E358B53E53" blockId="1.[136,1452,289,2081]" box="[189,509,2057,2081]" pageId="1" pageNumber="324">
|
||
Distribution.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="178C95D46C1B1E11FB15F7E358C43E53" box="[332,396,2057,2081]" name="China" pageId="1" pageNumber="324">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="AD5F1BA66C1B1E11FBC0F7E358B93E53" box="[409,497,2057,2081]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="1" pageNumber="324">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="3BE485CC6C181E12FAC2FC4E5DED35AB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12815386" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12815386" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12815386/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="325" startId="2.[155,227,932,954]" targetBox="[189,1398,237,901]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="6F24D5446C181E12FAC2FC4E5DED35AB" blockId="2.[155,1433,932,986]" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">
|
||
Figures 1–2. Adults of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A89BAEC76C181E12FB27FC4F5BD635CB" authority="S. Wang" authorityName="S. Wang" authorityYear="2021" box="[382,670,932,954]" class="Insecta" family="Xyloryctidae" genus="Neospastis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="325" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="camellia" status="nom. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="5DEF09566C181E12FB27FC4F5B0935CB" box="[382,577,932,954]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">Neospastis camellia</emphasis>
|
||
S. Wang
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="5DEF09566C181E12F8F0FC4E5A4535CB" bold="true" box="[681,781,932,953]" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="46DCB42D6C181E12F8F0FC4E5A4535CB" box="[681,781,932,953]" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">nom. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
1. Paratype, male (a. Head in lateral view; b. Head in front view). 2. Paratype, female (a. Head in lateral view; b. Head in front view). Scale bars: 1–2 = 2.0 mm; a–b= 0.2 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="3BE485CC6C181E12FAC2F8E5588E3116" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12815390" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12815390" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12815390/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="325" startId="2.[155,227,1807,1829]" targetBox="[155,1365,1043,1769]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="6F24D5446C181E12FAC2F8E5588E3116" blockId="2.[155,1433,1807,1893]" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">
|
||
Figures 3–4. Genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A89BAEC76C181E12FBCFF8FA5BFE3157" authority="S. Wang" authorityName="S. Wang" authorityYear="2021" box="[406,694,1807,1829]" class="Insecta" family="Xyloryctidae" genus="Neospastis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="325" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="camellia" status="nom. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="5DEF09566C181E12FBCFF8FA5B113156" box="[406,601,1807,1829]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">Neospastis camellia</emphasis>
|
||
S. Wang
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="5DEF09566C181E12F898F8E55A6D3156" bold="true" box="[705,805,1807,1828]" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="46DCB42D6C181E12F898F8E55A6D3156" box="[705,805,1807,1828]" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">nom. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
3. Male genitalia, paratype, slide No. TZL19804♂ (a. Paratype, enlarged lateral lobes of juxta, slide No. TZL20454). 4. Female genitalia, paratype, slide No. TZL19805♀ (a. Enlarged signum). Scale bars: 3–4 = 0.5mm; a = 0.2 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="6F24D5446C181E12FAE4F8725B7F31A1" blockId="2.[136,1452,1944,2072]" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">
|
||
Etymology. The specific epithet is from the genus name of its hostplant,
|
||
<emphasis id="5DEF09566C181E12F99FF8725DCB31C2" box="[966,1155,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">
|
||
Camellia
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A89BAEC76C181E12FE76F8735DCB31C2" authorityName="Bradley" authorityYear="1967" box="[1071,1155,1945,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Xyloryctidae" genus="Neospastis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="325" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinensis">sinensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(L.) O. Kuntze (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A89BAEC76C181E12FF6FF8725CE831C2" box="[1334,1440,1944,1968]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Theaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="2" pageNumber="325" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Theaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), an important economical plant in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="178C95D46C181E12FBB6F8515B7A31A1" box="[495,562,1979,2003]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6F24D5446C181E14FAE4F8345BED371E" blockId="2.[136,1452,1944,2072]" lastBlockId="4.[136,1452,236,504]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="327" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">
|
||
Biology. The larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A89BAEC76C181E12FBEDF8355BDC3184" authority="S. Wang" authorityName="S. Wang" authorityYear="2021" box="[436,660,2014,2038]" class="Insecta" family="Xyloryctidae" genus="Neospastis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="325" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="camellia" status="nom. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="5DEF09566C181E12FBEDF8355B673184" box="[436,559,2014,2038]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">N. camellia</emphasis>
|
||
S. Wang
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="5DEF09566C181E12F8C6F8345A463184" bold="true" box="[671,782,2014,2038]" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="46DCB42D6C181E12F8C6F8345A463184" box="[671,782,2014,2038]" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">nom. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
have a habit of spinning silk to make nests. They usually stick two pieces of tea leaves with silk and make "insect buds" (congregating characteristics) with faeces and silk thread inside the bud. They hide in the buds during the larval stage and feed on the tea leaves around the buds (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F7A0C9C16C1E1E14FEC2FF065DA13777" box="[1179,1257,236,261]" captionStart="Figures 5–13" captionStartId="3.[155,227,1994,2016]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,271,1950]" captionTargetId="figure-45@3.[189,1399,271,1950]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figures 5–13. Immature stages of Neospastis camellia S. Wang, nom. nov. 5. Eggs. 6–8. Larvae. 6. 1stinstar larva. 7. 2th instar larva. 8. 4th instar larva. 9. 6th instar larva. 10. Pupae. 11–13. Feeding behavior." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12815392" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12815392/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="327">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
). The 1–4th instar larvae feed on mesophyll tissue of upper surface of tea leaves (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F7A0C9C16C1E1E14F973FEE55A323755" box="[810,890,271,295]" captionStart="Figures 5–13" captionStartId="3.[155,227,1994,2016]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,271,1950]" captionTargetId="figure-45@3.[189,1399,271,1950]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figures 5–13. Immature stages of Neospastis camellia S. Wang, nom. nov. 5. Eggs. 6–8. Larvae. 6. 1stinstar larva. 7. 2th instar larva. 8. 4th instar larva. 9. 6th instar larva. 10. Pupae. 11–13. Feeding behavior." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12815392" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12815392/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="327">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
). While the feeding consumption of 5th instar larvae increase rapidly and the habit of feeding also changed to gnaw leaves. The leaves that have been eaten have obvious gaps and holes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F7A0C9C16C1E1E14FAA5FEBE5803371F" box="[252,331,340,365]" captionStart="Figures 5–13" captionStartId="3.[155,227,1994,2016]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,271,1950]" captionTargetId="figure-45@3.[189,1399,271,1950]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figures 5–13. Immature stages of Neospastis camellia S. Wang, nom. nov. 5. Eggs. 6–8. Larvae. 6. 1stinstar larva. 7. 2th instar larva. 8. 4th instar larva. 9. 6th instar larva. 10. Pupae. 11–13. Feeding behavior." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12815392" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12815392/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="327">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
). Adults do not have phototaxis.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="3BE485CC6C191E13FAC2F8205A2A318D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12815392" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12815392" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12815392/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" startId="3.[155,227,1994,2016]" targetBox="[189,1399,271,1950]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="6F24D5446C191E13FAC2F8205A2A318D" blockId="3.[155,1433,1993,2047]" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">
|
||
Figures 5–13. Immature stages of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A89BAEC76C191E13FBB8F8205BB431AD" authority="S. Wang" authorityName="S. Wang" authorityYear="2021" box="[481,764,1994,2015]" class="Insecta" family="Xyloryctidae" genus="Neospastis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="camellia" status="nom. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="5DEF09566C191E13FBB8F8205BEA31AD" box="[481,674,1994,2015]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">Neospastis camellia</emphasis>
|
||
S. Wang
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="5DEF09566C191E13F95CF8205A2031AD" bold="true" box="[773,872,1994,2015]" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="46DCB42D6C191E13F95CF8205A2031AD" box="[773,872,1994,2015]" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">nom. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
5. Eggs. 6–8. Larvae. 6. 1st instar larva. 7. 2th instar larva. 8. 4th instar larva. 9. 6th instar larva. 10. Pupae. 11–13. Feeding behavior.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="6F24D5446C1E1E14FAE4FE9D5CE43785" blockId="4.[136,1452,236,504]" pageId="4" pageNumber="327">
|
||
Remarks.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0B0AA8B56C1E1E14FB70FE9258A737FD" author="Wang" box="[297,495,375,400]" pageId="4" pageNumber="327" pagination="742 - 746" refId="ref2784" refString="Wang, B., Chen, L., Zhang, T. S., Cai Y. L., Li, K. 2012. Research on the feeding behavior of Neospastis simaona larvae. Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology, 49 (3): 742 - 746." type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Wang
|
||
<emphasis id="5DEF09566C1E1E14FB34FE9258D337FD" box="[365,411,375,399]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="327">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2012)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recorded 12 hostplants of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A89BAEC76C1E1E14F950FE925A9437FD" box="[777,988,376,399]" class="Insecta" family="Xyloryctidae" genus="Neospastis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="327" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simaona">
|
||
<emphasis id="5DEF09566C1E1E14F950FE925A9437FD" box="[777,988,376,399]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="327">Neospastis simaona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(invalid name) in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="AD5F1BA66C1E1E14FEC6FE9D5C0437FD" box="[1183,1356,375,399]" country="China" name="Fujian" pageId="4" pageNumber="327">Fujian Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
, but they seemed to misidentify the species based on the present study and the study of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0B0AA8B56C1E1E14F99EFE705DC437C0" author="Long" box="[967,1164,410,434]" pageId="4" pageNumber="327" refId="ref2571" refString="Long, Y. Q., Ren, G. M., Wang, X. S., Luo, Z. W., Long, L. X., Li, J. L., Qu, H., Li, X. X., Yu, X. S., Li, Y. N., Wang, Y. G., Chen, L. B. 2021. Occurrence and life habit observations on Agriophara rhombata of tea garden in Yunnan. Journal of Environmental Entomology, https: // kns. cnki. net / kcms / detail / 44.1640. Q. 20210720.1316.004. html." type="url" year="2021">
|
||
Long
|
||
<emphasis id="5DEF09566C1E1E14FE5FFE715D7C37C0" box="[1030,1076,410,434]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="327">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2021)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0B0AA8B56C1E1E14FECFFE705C1037C0" author="Long" box="[1174,1368,410,434]" pageId="4" pageNumber="327" refId="ref2571" refString="Long, Y. Q., Ren, G. M., Wang, X. S., Luo, Z. W., Long, L. X., Li, J. L., Qu, H., Li, X. X., Yu, X. S., Li, Y. N., Wang, Y. G., Chen, L. B. 2021. Occurrence and life habit observations on Agriophara rhombata of tea garden in Yunnan. Journal of Environmental Entomology, https: // kns. cnki. net / kcms / detail / 44.1640. Q. 20210720.1316.004. html." type="url" year="2021">
|
||
Long
|
||
<emphasis id="5DEF09566C1E1E14FE8CFE715C4C37C0" box="[1237,1284,410,434]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="327">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2021)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
studied the biology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A89BAEC76C1E1E14FB7EFE565B5A37A6" authorityName="Meyrick" authorityYear="1907" box="[295,530,444,468]" class="Insecta" family="Elachistidae" genus="Agriophara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="327" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhombota">
|
||
<emphasis id="5DEF09566C1E1E14FB7EFE565B5A37A6" box="[295,530,444,468]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="327">Agriophara rhombota</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[misspelled as
|
||
<emphasis id="5DEF09566C1E1E14F8E0FE565A6837A6" box="[697,800,444,468]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="327">rhombata</emphasis>
|
||
] in Simao, which could be misidentified and which is likely to be
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A89BAEC76C1E1E14FA9DFE0A58B6378A" authority="S. Wang" authorityName="S. Wang" authorityYear="2021" box="[196,510,479,504]" class="Insecta" family="Xyloryctidae" genus="Neospastis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="327" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="camellia" status="nom. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="5DEF09566C1E1E14FA9DFE0A58D23785" box="[196,410,479,503]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="327">Neospastis camellia</emphasis>
|
||
S. Wang
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="5DEF09566C1E1E14F850FE355B303785" bold="true" box="[521,632,479,503]" pageId="4" pageNumber="327">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="46DCB42D6C1E1E14F850FE355B303785" box="[521,632,479,503]" pageId="4" pageNumber="327">nom. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Further study will be carried out with involvement of the molecular method.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6F24D5446C1E1E14FAD1FDC15DAF3431" blockId="4.[136,1255,555,579]" box="[136,1255,555,579]" pageId="4" pageNumber="327">
|
||
<emphasis id="5DEF09566C1E1E14FAD1FDC159A03431" bold="true" box="[136,232,555,579]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="327" reason="1">Funding</emphasis>
|
||
This project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="178C95D46C1E1E14FE44FDC15D153431" box="[1053,1117,555,579]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="327">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
(31672372).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="278186CF6C1E1E14FAD1FD9D5DC134C0" pageId="4" pageNumber="327" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="6F24D5446C1E1E14FAD1FD9D5DC134C0" blockId="4.[136,1452,631,690]" pageId="4" pageNumber="327">
|
||
<emphasis id="5DEF09566C1E1E14FAD1FD9D582D34FD" bold="true" box="[136,357,631,655]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="327" reason="1">Acknowledgements</emphasis>
|
||
We express our thanks to Mr. G.Y. Yan for collecting the specimen in Simao and to Mr. X.H. Yang (Tea and Coffee Industry Development Centern of Pu'er) for helping us in collecting specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |