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<document id="D3CABFADD957FFAE943AF40BDCF2BA87" ID-DOI="10.1007/s13127-015-0201-2" ID-ISSN="1618-1077" ID-PMC="PMC4514687" ID-PubMed="26225120" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12764142" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.treatments_approvedBy="valdenar" checkinTime="1721245260004" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Wanninger, Sabrina Kaul-Strehlow Makoto Urata Takuya Minokawa Thomas Stach Andreas" docDate="2015" docId="AB59ED17564FFFBFFF16FF1FFD5BFC15" docLanguage="en" docName="OrgDivEvol.15.2.405-422.pdf" docOrigin="Organisms Diversity &amp; Evolution 15 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13127-015-0201-2" docStyle="DocumentStyle:92260E183F2ECC5FAA0643175D3F67A1.2:OrgDivEvol.2010-.journal_article.open" docStyleId="92260E183F2ECC5FAA0643175D3F67A1" docStyleName="OrgDivEvol.2010-.journal_article.open" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Balanoglossus misakiensis" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="407" masterDocId="5760956F564DFFBDFF9EFFFDFFE6FF84" masterDocTitle="Neurogenesis in directly and indirectly developing enteropneusts: of nets and cords" masterLastPageNumber="422" masterPageNumber="405" pageNumber="407" updateTime="1723833230391" updateUser="valdenar" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="24B7FC6160311BBA136E8485DE670549">Neurogenesis in directly and indirectly developing enteropneusts: of nets and cords</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="12A60C51E50BE970466C67F222E9AB85">Wanninger, Sabrina Kaul-Strehlow Makoto Urata Takuya Minokawa Thomas Stach Andreas</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="AB59ED17564FFFBFFF16FF1FFD5BFC15" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AB59ED17564FFFBFFF16FF1FFD5BFC15" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AB59ED17564FFFBFFF16FF1FFD5BFC15" lastPageNumber="407" pageId="2" pageNumber="407">
<subSubSection id="6BEA0F8A564FFFBFFF16FF1FFDA8FF7D" box="[136,590,226,249]" pageId="2" pageNumber="407" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="234F5C01564FFFBFFF16FF1FFDA8FF7D" blockId="2.[136,590,226,249]" box="[136,590,226,249]" pageId="2" pageNumber="407">
<heading id="7807EB6D564FFFBFFF16FF1FFDA8FF7D" box="[136,590,226,249]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="407" reason="7">
<taxonomicName id="E4F02782564FFFBFFF16FF1FFDA8FF7D" ID-CoL="KFVG" authority="(Kuwano, 1902)" baseAuthorityName="Kuwano" baseAuthorityYear="1902" box="[136,590,226,249]" class="Enteropneusta" family="Ptychoderidae" genus="Balanoglossus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="2" pageNumber="407" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="misakiensis">
<emphasis id="11848013564FFFBFFF16FF1FFE7BFF7D" box="[136,413,226,249]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="407">Balanoglossus misakiensis</emphasis>
(Kuwano, 1902)
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="6BEA0F8A564FFFBFFF16FED9FD5BFC15" pageId="2" pageNumber="407" type="description">
<paragraph id="234F5C01564FFFBFFF16FED9FD5BFC15" blockId="2.[136,772,292,913]" pageId="2" pageNumber="407">
Adult
<taxonomicName id="E4F02782564FFFBFFF55FED9FEB9FEBF" baseAuthorityName="Kuwano" baseAuthorityYear="1902" box="[203,351,292,315]" class="Enteropneusta" family="Ptychoderidae" genus="Balanoglossus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="2" pageNumber="407" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="misakiensis">
<emphasis id="11848013564FFFBFFF55FED9FEB9FEBF" box="[203,351,292,315]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="407">B. misakiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were collected at a depth of
<quantity id="E408F1E4564FFFBFFD0EFED9FD0EFEBF" box="[656,744,292,315]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="407" unit="m" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1 to 2 m</quantity>
at Sunset beach, Aomori-Bay, Asamushi,
<collectingRegion id="E13492E3564FFFBFFDA2FEB8FD74FED8" box="[572,658,325,348]" country="Japan" name="Aomori" pageId="2" pageNumber="407">Aomori</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="5BE71C91564FFFBFFD3EFEB8FD06FED8" box="[672,736,325,348]" name="Japan" pageId="2" pageNumber="407">Japan</collectingCountry>
, in
<date id="574E7AC1564FFFBFFF16FE9AFF1EFEFA" box="[136,248,359,382]" pageId="2" pageNumber="407" value="2012-06">June 2012</date>
. Specimens were maintained in aquaria with running seawater at ambient water temperature (2426 °C) at the Research Center for Marine Biology Tohoku University in Asamushi. Spawning of gravid females was induced by elevating the temperature to 31 °C, and insemination was carried out artificially (
<bibRefCitation id="476121F0564FFFBFFEB2FDF0FDB7FDA0" author="Urata, M. &amp; Yamaguchi, M." box="[300,593,525,548]" pageId="2" pageNumber="407" pagination="533 - 540" refId="ref14555" refString="Urata, M., &amp; Yamaguchi, M. (2004). The Development of the Enteropneust Hemichordate Balanoglossus misakiensis KUWANO. Zoological Science, 21, 533 - 540." type="journal article" year="2004">
Urata and
<collectingRegion id="E13492E3564FFFBFFE01FDF0FDF2FDA0" box="[415,532,525,548]" country="Japan" name="Yamaguchi" pageId="2" pageNumber="407">Yamaguchi</collectingRegion>
2004
</bibRefCitation>
). Embryos were cultured in membrane-filtered seawater in an incubator at 24 °C in Petri dishes without agitation. Hatched larvae were transferred into 5-l beakers at a concentration of
<specimenCount id="35F69788564FFFBFFDF9FD8DFD58FD03" box="[615,702,624,647]" count="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="407" type="larva">2 larvae</specimenCount>
/10 ml and were cultured with gentle stirring. From 2-day postfertilization (pf) onward, they were daily fed a mixture of the single-celled algae
<taxonomicName id="E4F02782564FFFBFFEF4FD29FDDCFD6F" box="[362,570,724,747]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="2" pageNumber="407" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="11848013564FFFBFFEF4FD29FDDCFD6F" box="[362,570,724,747]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="407">Chaetoceros gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="E4F02782564FFFBFFDDBFD29FD33FD6F" box="[581,725,724,747]" class="Chlorophyceae" family="Dunaliellaceae" genus="Dunaliella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Chlamydomonadales" pageId="2" pageNumber="407" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="11848013564FFFBFFDDBFD29FD57FD6F" box="[581,689,724,747]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="407">Dunaliella</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="E4F02782564FFFBFFF16FD08FEF1FC88" box="[136,279,757,780]" class="Pavlovophyceae" family="Pavlovaceae" genus="Pavlova" kingdom="Chromista" order="Pavlovales" pageId="2" pageNumber="407" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="species" species="luteri">
<emphasis id="11848013564FFFBFFF16FD08FEF1FC88" box="[136,279,757,780]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="407">Pavlova luteri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Most of the water in the beaker was replaced by fresh membrane-filtered seawater every day, and streptomycin (
<quantity id="E408F1E4564FFFBFFF11FCCAFF32FCCA" box="[143,212,823,846]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="407" unit="mg" value="50.0">50 mg</quantity>
/l) was added to prevent fungal growth. Agassiz-stage larvae (14 days pf) were cultured with sand grains from their natural habitat in Petri dishes to induce metamorphosis.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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