301 lines
34 KiB
XML
301 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document id="1607FD50C7DAC75606AA9F8DF98CEA66" ID-CLB-Dataset="24723" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4704.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4bc9a2a0-5eb7-4a14-aa2a-013ccd6ca4b1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3563576" ID-ZooBank="0AF043C6-38E4-4546-A7FB-C43BAC5A9837" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1575538080228" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Smith, David G., Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Mal, Ahmad O. & Alpermann, Tilman J." docDate="2019" docId="A84F87BCFF8B692BFF5AF9E1FE08FE57" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4704.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4704 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:C4791ACFF01C5C140D2C1A203DB3C9B0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.monograph" docStyleId="C4791ACFF01C5C140D2C1A203DB3C9B0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Echidna polyzona" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="13" masterDocId="5476FFC4FF816927FFCDFF93FFC2FFDC" masterDocTitle="Review of the moray eels (Anguilliformes: Muraenidae) of the Red Sea, with description of a new species" masterLastPageNumber="87" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="11" updateTime="1698772232398" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods id="89D474C272D4CECB497AC81D2DAE8184" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="53CC96D183ED8DA3937AE318ECCE8E72">
|
||
<mods:title id="379C1D527BBB32443B7742D8914C960F">Review of the moray eels (Anguilliformes: Muraenidae) of the Red Sea, with description of a new species</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="20C47CEC1CBAED39DA2A388A6BE2A7E5" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="880BDA950D780E388D249684DB71C78E">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="3BE049173E6A5AD1DE0910A9ECE5201B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="9FC039C4560BBD1649DBC514066D640C">Smith, David G.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="1FFC9B91513312ED613E8B78809BCA90" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="28767C4898D098E2E00545E81730B118">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="66341F85096C25A5E77451F7CAA60672">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="7CDD67A5CC282D91BBEF656A22B74B05">Bogorodsky, Sergey V.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="A2851CF36C184FDB042095DFC1771FD0" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="C54F179E462401528CB8072EDDBE144F">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="F7D191574CE7C2CE015AC0648AF6A170">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="E24FEBA01D1C33AFE0567398AB970624">Mal, Ahmad O.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="E023081C8AA73B122C4599010AD3084D" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="41EAE87A213D749A03A71A086143730D">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="E65CABCA8F3007F05413ED42F79C89B1">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="FCDC27499407145E53A1708531B68CC1">Alpermann, Tilman J.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="4E224900D7B9E425489702908B74DCF7">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="D8952AB702CB2D706C8A59EE784D3E17" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="E72F3C2B8AADC107656C5B0A258D39F5">
|
||
<mods:title id="0B0C3374E9092926E44CBBB15685AA21">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="88EF830B5FE8E51076B1965A714EFD02">
|
||
<mods:date id="DD6AECF7FFD620537CDC2C0559D4E163">2019</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="F3736AED6076FEC8845B778EE833A1A6" type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number id="8A860B835F2AD8C6FBB3E1A89EC59E38">2019-12-05</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="12B594B842B90D1A511558FEC35504EB" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="F633B472D62560AE135A4E1D26431954">4704</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="E13947B6680A3E0499BD9728B1B82055" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="1A69C9BC1F4888DC0C110B765214476D">1</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="66F54C20C0CA24B5626BBB9FE83EAE7A" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="473A71CDD5A4BEF7187C069BBD8B1104">1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="9197C6741BEEE806DE1270EF60536A40">87</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="92A474984FFC088183770F16E772555A">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="E31ECC8BA6F64A61BDB588945A4FD9C2" type="CLB-Dataset">24723</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="152A46ECC6D71FD323EB356B6222C980" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4704.1.1</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="33BFAD71A35FABFCF4309BE7788CD5D2" type="GBIF-Dataset">4bc9a2a0-5eb7-4a14-aa2a-013ccd6ca4b1</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="D052DD166A8AF3EFC3C7A0E67ED00491" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="042A25059684688E3B90111B08293F26" type="Zenodo-Dep">3563576</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="5BE69DBF4E3A0C3966FFC5F8A9144A0D" type="ZooBank">0AF043C6-38E4-4546-A7FB-C43BAC5A9837</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="A84F87BCFF8B692BFF5AF9E1FE08FE57" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7314698" ID-GBIF-Taxon="160630853" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7314698" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A84F87BCFF8B692BFF5AF9E1FE08FE57" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A84F87BCFF8B692BFF5AF9E1FE08FE57" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<subSubSection id="68FC6521FF8B692DFF5AF9E1FCF3F951" box="[151,817,1650,1677]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF8B692DFF5AF9E1FCF3F951" blockId="10.[151,817,1650,1713]" box="[151,817,1650,1677]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<heading id="7B1181C6FF8B692DFF5AF9E1FCF3F951" bold="true" box="[151,817,1650,1677]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF8B692DFF5AF9E1FCF3F951" bold="true" box="[151,817,1650,1677]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FF8B692DFF5AF9E1FD9EF950" ID-CoL="6DVPQ" authority="(Richardson 1845)" baseAuthorityName="Richardson" baseAuthorityYear="1845" box="[151,604,1650,1677]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Echidna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="polyzona">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF8B692DFF5AF9E1FEB3F951" bold="true" box="[151,369,1650,1677]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Echidna polyzona</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="44774B5BFF8B692DFE4DF9E1FD96F950" author="Richardson, J." box="[384,596,1650,1676]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="99 - 150" refId="ref55284" refString="Richardson, J. (1845) Ichthyology. Part 3. In: Hinds, R. B. (Ed.), The Zoology of the Voyage of H. M. S. Sulphur, under the Command of Captain Sir Edward Belcher, R. N., C. B., F. R. G. S. […] during the years 1836 - 42. Volume 10. R. B. Smith, Elder & Co, London, pp. 99 - 150." type="book chapter" year="1845">Richardson 1845</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—Barred
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E222F848FF8B692DFD11F9E0FCF3F951" box="[732,817,1651,1677]" country="United Kingdom" name="Moray" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Moray</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="68FC6521FF8B692DFF5AF904FECAF96D" box="[151,264,1687,1713]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF8B692DFF5AF904FECAF96D" blockId="10.[151,817,1650,1713]" box="[151,264,1687,1713]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="B8DD2A2FFF8B692DFF52F904FEC2F96D" box="[159,256,1687,1713]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1977,2002]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,1129,1957]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1437,1129,1957]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Echidna polyzona, Dahab, Egypt. Photo by S.V. Bogorodsky." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563584" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3563584/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="68FC6521FF8B692DFF5AF94FFDA6F893" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF8B692DFF5AF94FFD33F8CE" blockId="10.[151,1437,1754,1871]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="00F61184FF8B692DFF5AF94FFD33F8CE" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FF8B692DFF5AF94FFD8AF92F" ID-CoL="44L5Y" authority="Richardson 1845: 112" authorityName="Richardson" authorityPageNumber="112" authorityYear="1845" box="[151,584,1754,1779]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Muraena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="polyzona">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF8B692DFF5AF94FFE9AF92F" box="[151,344,1755,1779]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Muraena polyzona</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="A14710BBFF8B692DFEAFF949FD8AF92F" author="Richardson, J." box="[354,584,1754,1779]" page="112" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="1845">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="44774B5BFF8B692DFEAFF949FD8AF92F" author="Richardson, J." box="[354,584,1754,1779]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="99 - 150" refId="ref55284" refString="Richardson, J. (1845) Ichthyology. Part 3. In: Hinds, R. B. (Ed.), The Zoology of the Voyage of H. M. S. Sulphur, under the Command of Captain Sir Edward Belcher, R. N., C. B., F. R. G. S. […] during the years 1836 - 42. Volume 10. R. B. Smith, Elder & Co, London, pp. 99 - 150." type="book chapter" year="1845">Richardson 1845: 112</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, pl. 55 (figs. 11–14) (No locality).
|
||
<typeStatus id="FF5D8808FF8B692DFC71F948FBE6F92F" box="[956,1060,1755,1779]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, BMNH 1977.4.22.3, designated by
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="A14710BBFF8B692DFF0AF96AFE2EF8CE" author="Bohlke, E. B. & Randall, J. E." box="[199,492,1785,1810]" page="220" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="2000">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="44774B5BFF8B692DFF0AF96AFE2EF8CE" author="Bohlke, E. B. & Randall, J. E." box="[199,492,1785,1810]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="203 - 278" refId="ref52328" refString="Bohlke, E. B. & Randall, J. E. (2000) A review of the moray eels (Angulliformes [sic]: Muraenidae) of the Hawaiian Islands, with descriptions of two new species. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 150, 203 - 278." type="journal article" year="2000">Böhlke & Randall 2000: 220</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="A14710BBFF8B692DFDC7F96AFD2FF8CE" author="Klunzinger, C. B." box="[522,749,1785,1810]" page="617" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="1871">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="44774B5BFF8B692DFDC7F96AFD2FF8CE" author="Klunzinger, C. B." box="[522,749,1785,1810]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="441 - 688" refId="ref53847" refString="Klunzinger, C. B. (1871) Synopsis der Fische des Rothen Meeres. II. Theil. Verhandlungen der K. - K. zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 21, 441 - 688. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 1148" type="journal article" year="1871">Klunzinger 1871: 617</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF8B692DFF5AF88BFDA6F893" blockId="10.[151,1437,1754,1871]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="00F61184FF8B692DFF5AF88BFDA6F893" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FF8B692DFF5AF88BFE8EF8EC" ID-CoL="6DVPQ" baseAuthorityName="Richardson" baseAuthorityYear="1845" box="[151,332,1816,1840]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Echidna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="polyzona">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF8B692DFF5AF88BFE8EF8EC" box="[151,332,1816,1840]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Echidna polyzona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="A14710BBFF8B692DFE94F88BFDE2F8EC" author="Marshall, N. B." box="[345,544,1816,1841]" page="223" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="1952">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="44774B5BFF8B692DFE94F88BFDE2F8EC" author="Marshall, N. B." box="[345,544,1816,1841]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="221 - 252" refId="ref54445" refString="Marshall, N. B. (1952) The ' Manihine' expedition to the Gulf of Aqaba 1948 - 1949. IX. Fishes. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology, 1 (8), 221 - 252." type="journal article" year="1952">Marshall 1952: 223</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="A14710BBFF8B692DFDE7F88BFCC0F8EC" author="Goren, M. & Dor, M." box="[554,770,1816,1840]" page="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="1994">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="44774B5BFF8B692DFDE7F88BFCC0F8EC" author="Goren, M. & Dor, M." box="[554,770,1816,1840]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refId="ref53184" refString="Goren, M. & Dor, M. (1994) An updated checklist of the fishes of the Red Sea; CLOFRES II. Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Jerusalem, XII + 120 pp." type="book" year="1994">Goren & Dor 1994: 7</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="A14710BBFF8B692DFCC1F88BFBEEF8ED" author="Randall, J. E. & Golani, D." box="[780,1068,1816,1841]" page="851" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="1995">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="44774B5BFF8B692DFCC1F88BFBEEF8ED" author="Randall, J. E. & Golani, D." box="[780,1068,1816,1841]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="849 - 880" refId="ref54991" refString="Randall, J. E. & Golani, D. (1995) Review of the moray eels (Anguilliformes: Muraenidae) of the Red Sea. Bulletin of Marine Science, 56 (3), 849 - 880." type="journal article" year="1995">Randall & Golani 1995: 851</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="A14710BBFF8B692DFBF8F88BFB19F8ED" author="Khalaf, M. A." box="[1077,1243,1816,1841]" page="35" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="2004">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="44774B5BFF8B692DFBF8F88BFB19F8ED" author="Khalaf, M. A." box="[1077,1243,1816,1841]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="23 - 50" refId="ref53740" refString="Khalaf, M. A. (2004) Fish fauna of the Jordanian coast, Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea. Marine Science, 15, 23 - 50. https: // doi. org / 10.4197 / mar. 15 - 1.2" type="journal article" year="2004">Khalaf 2004: 35</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="A14710BBFF8B692DFB29F88BFE8EF893" author="Golani, D. & Bogorodsky, S. V." page="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="2010">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="44774B5BFF8B692DFB29F88BFE8EF893" author="Golani, D. & Bogorodsky, S. V." pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 135" refId="ref53080" refString="Golani, D. & Bogorodsky, S. V. (2010) The fishes of the Red Sea-reappraisal and updated checklist. Zootaxa, 2463, 1 - 135. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2463.1.1" type="journal article" year="2010">Golani & Bogorodsky 2010: 9</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="A14710BBFF8B692DFE9AF8A5FDA2F893" author="Golani, D. & Fricke, R." box="[343,608,1846,1871]" page="20" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="2018">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="44774B5BFF8B692DFE9AF8A5FDA2F893" author="Golani, D. & Fricke, R." box="[343,608,1846,1871]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 215" refId="ref53124" refString="Golani, D. & Fricke, R. (2018) Checklist of the Red Sea fishes with delineation of the Gulf of Suez, Gulf of Aqaba, endemism and Lessepsian migrants. Zootaxa, 4509 (1), 1 - 215." type="journal article" year="2018">Golani & Fricke 2018: 20</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="68FC6521FF8B692CFF5AF8EDFD23FF0B" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF8B692DFF5AF8EDFBB4F860" blockId="10.[151,1437,1917,2016]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF8B692DFF5AF8EDFEA9F844" bold="true" box="[151,363,1917,1944]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Red Sea material.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="908E3CF7FF8B692DFEBCF8EEFD7DF844" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2464587663" box="[369,703,1917,1944]" collectionCode="BPBM" country="Israel" location="Israel" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" specimenCode="BPBM 35748" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF8B692DFEBCF8EEFE76F844" bold="true" box="[369,436,1917,1944]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="58F1763AFF8B692DFEBCF8EEFE76F844" box="[369,436,1917,1944]" name="Israel" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCode id="70409ED1FF8B692DFE0EF8EDFD9FF844" box="[451,605,1917,1944]" collectionCode="BPBM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="Museum">BPBM 35748</specimenCode>
|
||
(1, 173)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
, Eilat; HUJ 5243 (1, 435), Eilat.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="908E3CF7FF8B692DFBE3F8EDFF15F867" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2464587659" country="Egypt" location="Egypt" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF8B692DFBE3F8EDFBB3F844" bold="true" box="[1070,1137,1918,1944]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="58F1763AFF8B692DFBE3F8EDFBB3F844" box="[1070,1137,1918,1944]" name="Egypt" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Egypt</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: HUJ 15093 (3, 110–128), Nabq
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="908E3CF7FF8B692DFF2EF831FDF2F860" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2464587661" box="[227,560,1953,1980]" collectionCode="USNM" country="Egypt" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" specimenCode="USNM 312209" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode id="70409ED1FF8B692DFF2EF831FE4DF860" box="[227,399,1954,1980]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="Museum">USNM 312209</specimenCode>
|
||
(2, 66.5–143)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
, Marsa Muqabila.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="908E3CF7FF8B692DFCCCF832FBCDF860" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2464587662" box="[769,1039,1953,1980]" collectionCode="USNM" country="Eritrea" location="Eritrea" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" specimenCode="USNM 312158" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF8B692DFCCCF832FC91F867" bold="true" box="[769,851,1953,1979]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="58F1763AFF8B692DFCCCF832FC91F867" box="[769,851,1953,1979]" name="Eritrea" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Eritrea</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCode id="70409ED1FF8B692DFCAEF831FBCDF860" box="[867,1039,1953,1980]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="Museum">USNM 312158</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
(1, 364).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF8B692CFF0AF856FD23FF0B" blockId="10.[151,1437,1917,2016]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1437,152,1115]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF8B692DFF0AF856FD90F803" bold="true" box="[199,594,1989,2016]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
Comparative material.
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF8B692DFE12F856FD90F803" bold="true" box="[479,594,1989,2015]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="58F1763AFF8B692DFE12F856FD90F803" box="[479,594,1989,2015]" name="Mauritius" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectionCode id="46F7AE6FFF8B692DFDACF855FD70F83C" box="[609,690,1990,2016]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
342100 (3, 94–ca 290).
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF8B692DFC08F856FB8BF83C" bold="true" box="[965,1097,1989,2016]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Solomon Is</emphasis>
|
||
.:
|
||
<collectionCode id="46F7AE6FFF8B692DFB92F855FB72F83C" box="[1119,1200,1990,2016]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
385375 (3, 5 7–185).
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF8A692CFF5AFF0AFF3BFF6F" bold="true" box="[151,249,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="58F1763AFF8A692CFF5AFF0AFF3BFF6F" box="[151,249,153,179]" name="Vanuatu" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Vanuatu</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectionCode id="46F7AE6FFF8A692CFEC6FF0AFE9EFF6F" box="[267,348,153,179]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
362155.
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF8A692CFE01FF0BFD5EFF6F" bold="true" box="[460,668,152,179]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="58F1763AFF8A692CFE01FF0BFD5EFF6F" box="[460,668,152,179]" name="French Polynesia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">French Polynesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, Tahiti:
|
||
<collectionCode id="46F7AE6FFF8A692CFCCDFF0AFC93FF6F" box="[768,849,153,179]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
66087 (1, 242);
|
||
<collectionCode id="46F7AE6FFF8A692CFBD7FF0AFBA9FF6F" box="[1050,1131,153,179]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
312154 (1, 182).
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF8A692CFA8DFF0AFA56FF6F" bold="true" box="[1344,1428,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Hawaii</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectionCode id="46F7AE6FFF8A692CFF5AFF2EFF2AFF0B" box="[151,232,189,215]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
89537 (1, 193);
|
||
<collectionCode id="46F7AE6FFF8A692CFE69FF2EFE37FF0B" box="[420,501,189,215]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
109332 (2, 75–272).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="68FC6521FF8A692CFF0AFF73FDDDFCE7" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF8A692CFF0AFF73FCE0FE9F" blockId="11.[151,1437,152,1115]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF8A692CFF0AFF73FE9BFF27" bold="true" box="[199,345,224,251]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
In TL: preanal length 2.1–2.2, predorsal length 8.1–9.1, head 6.8–7.8, body depth at anus 13–22. In head length: snout length 5.6–7.0, eye diameter 6.6–10, upper-jaw length 2.7–3.4. Pores: LL 2, SO 3, IO 4, POM 6. Vertebrae: predorsal 4–6, preanal 50–52, total 119–125.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF8A692CFF0AFEDEFBD1FE73" blockId="11.[151,1437,152,1115]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Body moderately stout; anus near midlength; dorsal fin begins slightly anterior to gill opening; anal fin begins immediately behind anus. Head moderate in length, snout relatively short and deep. Eye moderately small, closer to rictus than to snout tip. Rim of posterior nostril slightly raised, edge fimbriated.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF8A692CFF0AFE2AFBF2FD5B" blockId="11.[151,1437,152,1115]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
Teeth stout, bluntly pointed to molariform, somewhat variable in number and arrangement, generally more numerous in larger specimens. Intermaxillary with a peripheral series of ca. 4–7 on each side; sometimes an intermediate series of 2–3 on each side; 1–3 median teeth. Maxillary teeth biserial; 3–7 larger teeth in inner row, 4–12 smaller teeth in outer row. Dentary teeth biserial, those in inner row larger, ca.
|
||
<quantity id="E71E9B4FFF8A692CFBDDFDB6FBB0FDE3" box="[1040,1138,549,575]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.048" metricValueMax="3.302" metricValueMin="2.794" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="in" value="12.0" valueMax="13.0" valueMin="11.0">11–13 in</quantity>
|
||
adults, fewer in juveniles; ca.
|
||
<quantity id="E71E9B4FFF8A692CFF70FDDAFEDCFDBF" box="[189,286,585,611]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.064" metricValueMax="5.08" metricValueMin="3.048" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="in" value="16.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="12.0">12–20 in</quantity>
|
||
outer row. Vomerine teeth large, molariform, in an elliptical, multiserial patch, narrowest at anterior and posterior ends, biserial in smaller specimens, up to 5–6 teeth across in larger ones.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF8A692CFF0AFD02FA59FCCB" blockId="11.[151,1437,152,1115]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF8A692CFF0AFD02FECAFD77" box="[199,264,657,683]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Color</emphasis>
|
||
: variable, changing considerably with growth. Typical pattern ca. 25 contrasting alternating broad dark brown and narrow white bars on head and body and extending onto dorsal fin; bars best developed in smaller adults, white bars becoming progressively more obscure with growth; body becoming mottled with brown overall and the bars less distinct, visible only on tail with further growth. Corner of mouth dark; anterior nostrils brownish yellow.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF8A692CFF0AFCB2FDDDFCE7" blockId="11.[151,1437,152,1115]" box="[199,543,801,827]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
Maximum size about
|
||
<quantity id="E71E9B4FFF8A692CFE76FCB2FDD9FCE7" box="[443,539,801,827]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="600.0">600 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="68FC6521FF8A692CFF0AFCD7FEA0FC7B" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF8A692CFF0AFCD7FEA0FC7B" blockId="11.[151,1437,152,1115]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF8A692CFF0AFCD7FE33FC83" bold="true" box="[199,497,836,863]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Distribution and habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Found across the Indo-West Pacific from the Indian Ocean to Hawaiian Islands and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="58F1763AFF8A692CFF5AFCFAFE9CFC5F" box="[151,350,873,899]" name="French Polynesia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">French Polynesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Occurs in shallow water, common on coral reefs, sometimes found on reef flats; observed from depths of
|
||
<quantity id="E71E9B4FFF8A692CFECBFC1FFE9CFC7B" box="[262,350,908,935]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="15.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="9.0" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="3.0">
|
||
3–
|
||
<specimenCount id="36E0FD23FF8A692CFEEEFC1FFE9CFC7B" box="[291,350,908,935]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="generic">15 m</specimenCount>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="68FC6521FF8A692BFF0AFC22FE08FE57" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF8A692CFF0AFC22FC0FFBCF" blockId="11.[151,1437,152,1115]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF8A692CFF0AFC22FEF9FC17" bold="true" box="[199,315,945,971]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
This species shows little morphological variation over its range. Three
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E222F848FF8A692CFBB2FC22FB1CFC17" box="[1151,1246,945,971]" country="Sudan" name="Al Bahr al Ahmar" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Red Sea</collectingRegion>
|
||
specimens have slightly fewer vertebrae (117–122) than
|
||
<specimenCount id="36E0FD23FF8A692CFD92FC46FD3AFC33" box="[607,760,981,1007]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="generic">14 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
from elsewhere (119–125). Similar slight differences occur in predorsal vertebrae (4–5
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF8A692CFE00FC69FE26FBCF" box="[461,484,1018,1043]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">vs</emphasis>
|
||
. 5–7) and preanal vertebrae (49
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF8A692CFC9CFC69FCAAFBCF" box="[849,872,1018,1043]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">vs</emphasis>
|
||
. 50–52).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF8A692CFF0AFB8EFB04FB87" blockId="11.[151,1437,152,1115]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
The species superficially resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FF8A692CFDACFB8EFC41FBEB" baseAuthorityName="McClelland" baseAuthorityYear="1844" box="[609,899,1053,1079]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rueppelliae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF8A692CFDACFB8EFC41FBEB" box="[609,899,1053,1079]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Gymnothorax rueppelliae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but the dentition is very different. In addition, the snout is longer in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FF8A692CFE44FBD2FDE9FB87" baseAuthorityName="McClelland" baseAuthorityYear="1844" box="[393,555,1089,1115]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rueppelliae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF8A692CFE44FBD2FDE9FB87" box="[393,555,1089,1115]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">G. rueppelliae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the bars on the head do not extend onto the lower jaw.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="74996622FF8A692CFF5AF82AFC45F80E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563584" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3563584" box="[151,903,1977,2002]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3563584/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" startId="11.[151,250,1977,2002]" targetBox="[151,1437,1129,1957]" targetPageId="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF8A692CFF5AF82AFC45F80E" blockId="11.[151,903,1977,2002]" box="[151,903,1977,2002]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF8A692CFF5AF82AFED1F80E" bold="true" box="[151,275,1977,2002]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FF8A692CFED4F82AFDE3F80E" authority=", Dahab" authorityName="Dahab" box="[281,545,1977,2002]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Echidna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="polyzona">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF8A692CFED4F82AFE0DF80D" box="[281,463,1977,2001]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Echidna polyzona</emphasis>
|
||
, Dahab
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Egypt. Photo by S.V. Bogorodsky.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF8D692BFF0AFF0AFDAAFF0B" blockId="12.[151,1437,153,395]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">The variation in color pattern and dentition over the life cycle of this species has resulted in 11 synonyms, seven of them from the Hawaiian Islands alone.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF8D692BFF0AFF72FE08FE57" blockId="12.[151,1437,153,395]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
In the COI-based phylogeny,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FF8D692BFDDBFF71FD59FF27" box="[534,667,225,251]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Echidna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="polyzona">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF8D692BFDDBFF71FD59FF27" box="[534,667,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">E. polyzona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was very close to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FF8D692BFCBCFF71FBB2FF27" authority="Schultz" authorityName="Schultz" authorityYear="1943" box="[881,1136,225,251]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Echidna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucotaenia">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF8D692BFCBCFF71FBD6FF27" box="[881,1044,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">E. leucotaenia</emphasis>
|
||
Schultz
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with no strong genetic divergence between them, which is in agreement with the multigene analysis in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="44774B5BFF8D692BFBCCFE96FB1AFEC3" author="Reece, J. S. & Bowen, B. W. & Smith, D. G. & Larson, A." box="[1025,1240,261,287]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="829 - 835" refId="ref55080" refString="Reece, J. S., Bowen, B. W., Smith, D. G. & Larson, A. (2010) Molecular phylogenetics of moray eels (Muraenidae) demonstrates multiple origins of a shell-crushing jaw (Gymnomuraena, Echidna) and multiple colonizations of the Atlantic Ocean. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 57, 829 - 835. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2010.07.013" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Reece
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF8D692BFB81FE95FBBFFEC3" box="[1100,1149,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2010)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, from which COI sequences of both species were used herein as no specimens of this species were collected during the present study. As in the aforementioned multigene analysis, no close allies of these two species could be identified from the phylogenetic tree (see
|
||
<figureCitation id="B8DD2A2FFF8D692BFEA7FEE2FE7FFE57" box="[362,445,369,395]" captionStart="FIGURE 48" captionStartId="74.[151,250,152,177]" captionTargetId="figure@73.[367,1221,179,1955]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="FIGURE 48. Unrooted maximum likelihood phylogeny of Indo-Pacific moray eels (Muraenidae) based on partial mitochondrial COI. Branch support values were obtained by 100 bootstrapped replicates; only bootstrap values above 50 percent are shown. The scale bar represents average number of nucleotide substitutions. (A) = specimen sequenced in this study; (B) = sequence retrieved from BOLD; (C) sequence retrieved from CRIOBE; (G) = sequence retrieved from GenBank; (R) = sequence retrieved from Reece et al. (2010); (ID) = species ID re-assigned herein; (ID-H) = specimen re-assigned as of Huang et al. (2019); (SAU) = collected in Saudi Arabia; (ISR) = collected in Israel." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3615487" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3615487/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 48</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |