154 lines
18 KiB
XML
154 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document id="EB24DF9A03A654A8D9883FE7F8C36999" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4019.1.13" ID-GBIF-Dataset="581887e9-1f43-42bb-a551-0b0afd7615f7" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="289495" ID-ZooBank="4406DCAA-1A58-442F-8DDE-9A7356E314EE" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461261572511" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Kupriyanova, Elena K., Sun, Yanan, Ten Hove, Harry A., Wong, Eunice & Rouse, Greg W." docDate="2015" docId="2C77C3074413FF9CFF32F4E4FABDDBE5" docLanguage="en" docName="zt04019p353.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4019 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Spirobranchus" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="326" masterDocId="D04EBB7F4421FFAFFFA5F224FFCFD840" masterDocTitle="Serpulidae (Annelida) of Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia" masterLastPageNumber="353" masterPageNumber="275" pageNumber="325" updateTime="1698609620731" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="A73196418448A296D5BA10A52B30E011">
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<mods:title id="2B71E93FC446F641924C09CB842F4ADB">Serpulidae (Annelida) of Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6E91F49939A8103F3E384EA3ECEFC015">Kupriyanova, Elena K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="489FCAB4DAED159E81A2AD309255D8C2">Sun, Yanan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A3EA51119EC2C56D0020CAD31B0AEA26">Ten Hove, Harry A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2D1F41E62E6F9B9B4F83172F3B674C3F">Wong, Eunice</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9BEAD87E5797592CE11F9CAB48D1F317">Rouse, Greg W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="812E41AEC4A7446B4991712A6D79D8EB">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="98A6569CE2EE8D69581239F2820C1914">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="A96A7F25293AAD83A3863F489FBA1C8E">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="BF06E2DA4FF3A014CC91C4768C9C7A4E">4019</mods:number>
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<treatment id="2C77C3074413FF9CFF32F4E4FABDDBE5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6108371" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119637196" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6108371" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2C77C3074413FF9CFF32F4E4FABDDBE5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2C77C3074413FF9CFF32F4E4FABDDBE5" lastPageId="51" lastPageNumber="326" pageId="50" pageNumber="325">
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<subSubSection id="ECC4219A4413FF9DFF32F4E4FD44DF5F" pageId="50" pageNumber="325" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="A46172114413FF9DFF32F4E4FD41DE9A" blockId="50.[151,654,1727,1754]" box="[151,654,1727,1754]" pageId="50" pageNumber="325">
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<heading id="FF29C57D4413FF9DFF32F4E4FD41DE9A" bold="true" box="[151,654,1727,1754]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="50" pageNumber="325" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="96AAAE034413FF9DFF32F4E4FD41DE9A" bold="true" box="[151,654,1727,1754]" pageId="50" pageNumber="325">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="63DE09924413FF9DFF4BF49BFE6EDE99" ID-CoL="87KQ5" box="[238,417,1727,1753]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Spirobranchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="50" pageNumber="325" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="96AAAE034413FF9DFF4BF49BFE6EDE99" bold="true" box="[238,417,1727,1753]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="325">Spirobranchus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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de
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<bibRefCitation id="C04F0FE04413FF9DFE68F4E4FD41DE9A" author="Blainville" box="[461,654,1728,1754]" pageId="50" pageNumber="325" refString="Blainville, H. de (1818) Memoire sur la classe des Setipodes, partie des Vers a sang rouge de M. Cuvier, et des Annelides de M. de Lamarck. Bulletin de la Societe Philomatique de Paris, 3, 78 - 85." type="journal article" year="1818">Blainville, 1818</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A46172114413FF9DFF32F522FD44DF5F" blockId="50.[151,651,1798,1823]" box="[151,651,1798,1823]" pageId="50" pageNumber="325">
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<emphasis id="96AAAE034413FF9DFF32F522FEFBDF5F" bold="true" box="[151,308,1798,1823]" pageId="50" pageNumber="325">Type-species.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="63DE09924413FF9DFE9EF522FD44DF5F" authority="Pallas, 1766" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1766" box="[315,651,1798,1823]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Serpula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="50" pageNumber="325" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="gigantea">
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<emphasis id="96AAAE034413FF9DFE9EF522FE34DF5E" box="[315,507,1798,1823]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="325">Serpula gigantea</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="C04F0FE04413FF9DFDA7F522FD44DF5F" author="Pallas" box="[514,651,1798,1823]" pageId="50" pageNumber="325" refString="Pallas, P. S. (1766) Miscellanea Zoologica. Hagae Comitum, Netherlands, 224 pp." type="book" year="1766">Pallas, 1766</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="ECC4219A4413FF9CFF32F56DFCC3DA7D" lastPageId="51" lastPageNumber="326" pageId="50" pageNumber="325" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="A46172114413FF9CFF32F56DFCC3DA7D" blockId="50.[151,1437,1865,2034]" lastBlockId="51.[151,1437,151,933]" lastPageId="51" lastPageNumber="326" pageId="50" pageNumber="325">
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<emphasis id="96AAAE034413FF9DFF32F56DFEDEDF22" bold="true" box="[151,273,1865,1890]" pageId="50" pageNumber="325">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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(from ten
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<bibRefCitation id="C04F0FE04413FF9DFE2FF56EFD0CDF22" author="Hove" box="[394,707,1865,1890]" pageId="50" pageNumber="325" refString="Kupriyanova, E. K., Hove, H. A. ten, Sket, B., Zaksek, V., Trontelj, P. & Rouse, G. W. (2009) Evolution of the unique freshwater cave-dwelling tube worm Marifugia cavatica (Annelida: Serpulidae). Systematics and Biodiversity, 7, 389 - 401. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / S 1477200009990168" type="journal article" year="2009">Hove & Kupriyanova 2009</bibRefCitation>
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). Tube colour white, blue, pink or salmon, inside and/or outside. Tube typically (sub)triangular in cross-section, with median keel, rarely (sub)circular. Granular overlay absent. Operculum with inverse conical to rather shallow ampulla, covered by calcified endplate, with or without group of spines, sometimes branching. Peduncle broad, thickly triangular in cross-section, with distal lateral wings; inserted at base of branchial crown just left of medial line (formed between first and second normal dorsal radiole on left side). Pseudoperculum absent. Operculum rarely lacking. Radioles may be arranged in a clear spiral of up to 8 whorls, but in most small species as well as in
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<taxonomicName id="63DE09924412FF9CFD02F298FC0BD894" box="[679,964,188,213]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Spirobranchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="51" pageNumber="326" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tetraceros">
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<emphasis id="96AAAE034412FF9CFD02F298FC0BD894" box="[679,964,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="326">Spirobranchus tetraceros</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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arranged in a circle. Up to 50–60 pairs of radioles in larger species. Inter-radiolar membrane present. Branchial eyes may be present; stylodes absent. Mouth palps present. Seven thoracic chaetigerous segments. Collar trilobed (exceptionally pentalobed). Tonguelets present. Thoracic membranes forming ventral apron across anterior abdominal segment. Collar
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<taxonomicName id="63DE09924412FF9CFB78F303FAFED900" box="[1245,1329,295,320]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Apomatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="51" pageNumber="326" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="chaetae">chaetae</taxonomicName>
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bayonetlike, with numerous hairlike processes on its basal portion (
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<taxonomicName id="63DE09924412FF9CFC89F368FC1FD925" box="[812,976,332,357]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Spirobranchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="51" pageNumber="326" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="96AAAE034412FF9CFC89F368FC1FD925" box="[812,976,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="326">Spirobranchus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="63DE09924412FF9CFC72F368FBE0D925" box="[983,1071,332,357]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Apomatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="51" pageNumber="326" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="chaetae">chaetae</taxonomicName>
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), and limbate.
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<taxonomicName id="63DE09924412FF9CFB77F368FA8DD923" box="[1234,1346,332,355]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Apomatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="51" pageNumber="326" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="96AAAE034412FF9CFB77F368FA8DD923" box="[1234,1346,332,355]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="326">Apomatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="63DE09924412FF9CFAEDF368FA53D925" box="[1352,1436,332,357]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Apomatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="51" pageNumber="326" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="chaetae">chaetae</taxonomicName>
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absent. All uncini saw-shaped (9–25 teeth), incidentally with 2 teeth above peg; anterior peg blunt, clearly gouged underneath. Ventral ends of thoracic uncinigerous tori widely separated anteriorly, gradually approaching one another towards the end of thorax, thus leaving a triangular depression. Abdominal
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<taxonomicName id="63DE09924412FF9CFBF3F393FB65D990" box="[1110,1194,439,464]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Apomatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="51" pageNumber="326" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="chaetae">chaetae</taxonomicName>
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true trumpet-shaped, abruptly bent distally, with two rows of denticles separated by a hollow groove and forming long lateral spine. Achaetous anterior abdominal zone absent.
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<taxonomicName id="63DE09924412FF9CFD03F3DBFCCFDA58" box="[678,768,511,536]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Apomatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="51" pageNumber="344" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="chaetae">Chaetae</taxonomicName>
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becoming increasingly longer posteriorly, but posterior capillary
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<taxonomicName id="63DE09924412FF9CFEA5F000FE9BDA7D" box="[256,340,548,573]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Apomatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="51" pageNumber="326" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="chaetae">chaetae</taxonomicName>
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absent. Posterior glandular pad absent.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="ECC4219A4412FF9CFF62F063FABDDBE5" pageId="51" pageNumber="326" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="A46172114412FF9CFF62F063FABDDBE5" blockId="51.[151,1437,151,933]" pageId="51" pageNumber="326">
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<emphasis id="96AAAE034412FF9CFF62F063FEF4DA20" bold="true" box="[199,315,583,608]" pageId="51" pageNumber="326">Remarks.</emphasis>
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The larger representatives of this genus, with spiralised branchiae, are spectacularly colourful and generally known as Christmas tree worms. They figure in many guides to reef animals, even in a travel guide (
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<bibRefCitation id="C04F0FE04412FF9CFF3BF0ABFEBFDAE8" author="Finlay" box="[158,368,655,680]" pageId="51" pageNumber="326" refString="Finlay, H., Armstrong, M. & Wheeler, T. (1998) Islands of Australia´s Great Barrier Reef. 3 rd Edition. Lonely Planet, Melbourne, 249 pp." type="book" year="1998">
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Finlay
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<emphasis id="96AAAE034412FF9CFF54F0B5FEE3DAE8" box="[241,300,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="326">et al.</emphasis>
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1998
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 80). However, not all animals reported under this name are indeed
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<emphasis id="96AAAE034412FF9CFB27F0ABFE8EDA8D" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="326">
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<taxonomicName id="63DE09924412FF9CFB27F0ABFF1ADA8C" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Spirobranchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="51" pageNumber="326" phylum="Annelida" rank="subSpecies" species="giganteus" subSpecies="sensu">Spirobranchus giganteus sensu</taxonomicName>
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latissimo
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</emphasis>
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as defined in Fiege & ten
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<bibRefCitation id="C04F0FE04412FF9CFDC8F091FC8FDA8C" author="Hove" box="[621,832,692,717]" pageId="51" pageNumber="326" refString="Fiege, D. & Hove, H. A. ten (1999) Redescription of Spirobranchus gaymardi (Quatrefages, 1866) (Polychaeta: Serpulidae) from the Indo-Pacific with remarks on the Spirobranchus giganteus complex. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 126, 355 - 364. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1999. tb 01376. x" type="journal article" year="1999">Hove (1999 fig. 4)</bibRefCitation>
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, there are quite a few mix-ups with
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<taxonomicName id="63DE09924412FF9CFB73F090FA53DA8D" box="[1238,1436,692,717]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Protula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="51" pageNumber="326" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bispiralis">
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<emphasis id="96AAAE034412FF9CFB73F090FA53DA8D" box="[1238,1436,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="326">Protula bispiralis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<emphasis id="96AAAE034412FF9CFF6BF0FDFE89DAB0" box="[206,326,729,752]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="326">vice versa</emphasis>
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, even with phoronids. Members of the genus have confusing synonymies, the infraspecific variability of its main diagnostic character, the operculum, resulted in many mistaken identifications. Small specimens are even more difficult to identify, the opercula of juveniles of large sized species such as members of the
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<taxonomicName id="63DE09924412FF9CFF64F161FE97DB1C" box="[193,344,837,860]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Spirobranchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="51" pageNumber="326" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="giganteus">
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<emphasis id="96AAAE034412FF9CFF64F161FE97DB1C" box="[193,344,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="326">Sp. giganteus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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-complex may resemble full grown opercula of small sized species (e.g., ten
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<bibRefCitation id="C04F0FE04412FF9CFB1EF161FF1DDBC0" author="Hove" pageId="51" pageNumber="326" refString="Hove, H. A. ten & Ben-Eliahu, M. N. (2005) On the identity of Hydroides priscus Pillai 1971 - taxonomic confusion due to ontogeny in some serpulid genera (Annelida: Polychaeta: Serpulidae). Senckenbergiana Biologica, 85, 127 - 145." type="journal article" year="2005">Hove & Ben-Eliahu 2005</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 6). Longitudinal rows of foramina, characteristic for species as
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<taxonomicName id="63DE09924412FF9CFC7CF14CFB57DBC0" box="[985,1176,871,896]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Spirobranchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="51" pageNumber="326" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="polytrema">
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<emphasis id="96AAAE034412FF9CFC7CF14CFC33DB3F" box="[985,1020,872,895]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="326">Sp.</emphasis>
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cf.
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<emphasis id="96AAAE034412FF9CFB8DF143FB57DBC0" box="[1064,1176,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="326">polytrema</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="C04F0FE04412FF9CFB0DF143FA5CDBC0" author="Imajima" box="[1192,1427,871,896]" pageId="51" pageNumber="326" refString="Imajima, M. (1977) Serpulidae (Annelida, Polychaeta) collected around Chichi-jima (Ogasawara Islands). Memoirs of the National Science Museum, Tokyo, 10, 89 - 111." type="journal article" year="1977" yearSuffix="j">Imajima 1977 fig. 8j</bibRefCitation>
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) may be present in juvenile tubes of larger sized species, but disappear with increasing size (ten Hove, unpubl.).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |