268 lines
31 KiB
XML
268 lines
31 KiB
XML
<document id="63387FD1AC484966A12B7ED6A7A43E08" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.174484" ID-GBIF-Dataset="893a8d34-afc4-463d-b535-539acb9e28d6" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="174484" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459783010610" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Nel, André & Auvray, Francis" docDate="2006" docId="03EC8047980EC30C040CC16B1D73FDEA" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01344p062.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1344" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Paleovespa menatensis Nel & Auvray, 2006, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="61" masterDocId="FFD5F83F980FC30E0504C35A195EFF9C" masterDocTitle="The oldest Vespinae from the Paleocene of Menat (France) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)" masterLastPageNumber="62" masterPageNumber="59" pageNumber="60" updateTime="1698218090836" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="AF92306EB0A821AE6D6CC5DB8FD431C7" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="28002D4633E7DC952CA54A58E26944C6">
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<mods:title id="AC74E8315A34D2B039F922CC3B5577F4">The oldest Vespinae from the Paleocene of Menat (France) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="EAB38A65128D4C04D12598BC6D037223" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="D9D4FE951DED6E05AAE7E32F1ADFB1F5">
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<mods:roleTerm id="A4ADF8D0EFBAF20385FA9C3527DFB1E6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="13CF69B93AB248FBDCDF662894C5CF7C">Nel, André</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="40D82AE978A6CBCA15EC5992592624CD" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="FE51DA8B5EC89950F06740F4599069EF">
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<mods:roleTerm id="E85DCC85FB5ECDFDCE8F5BD5DC3D620E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="83D5AFC32D15D2C4C1E65ED8C5394E1D">Auvray, Francis</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="2AB8066B3F559B8FEC29AAC071F75D80">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="7E0E158DE06400100F33CD6FC6846363">
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<mods:title id="9CE1FCE5E6E844BC962F4469ED04871A">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="D4E56F0FB144CE554863E1F50205DACF">
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<mods:date id="02828DA4BB8743697E1B1F7FD02B1BD8">2006</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="462A2A0AEA790489885112F9F8E3BFC5" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="06A6863F2BA4C7EB90C9F1FB9E1D7A95">1344</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent id="0489A81C2AAF56A67FB4F45B50D005E6" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="28D30839E4B797D3D88C9E81AD87799E">59</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="2221B5AE8D91804C3D258FDC2F7F54CD">62</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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<mods:classification id="350B20490E1AEFDA6B2C4E368A2AABD5">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="DD829B115E0CFEFD15892AC84813CF0C" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.174484</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="005051261EEBC2AFF06E4A54857E2363" type="GBIF-Dataset">893a8d34-afc4-463d-b535-539acb9e28d6</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="7506D74B291015BFA3FA0DA65C3CD4D1" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A208BCAA2EE089AC1EB5943AFD8D8086" type="Zenodo-Dep">174484</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03EC8047980EC30C040CC16B1D73FDEA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6495106" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119348459" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6495106" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EC8047980EC30C040CC16B1D73FDEA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC8047980EC30C040CC16B1D73FDEA" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
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<subSubSection id="C35F62DA980EC30F040CC16B1830FDF2" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BFA3151980EC30F040CC16B1A0EFDD7" blockId="1.[264,848,561,622]" box="[264,848,561,587]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
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<heading id="D0B2863D980EC30F040CC16B1A0EFDD7" bold="true" box="[264,848,561,587]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B931ED43980EC30F040CC16B1A0EFDD7" bold="true" box="[264,848,561,587]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
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<taxonomicName id="4C454AD2980EC30F040CC16B1B43FDD7" box="[264,541,561,587]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Paleovespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="menatensis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B931ED43980EC30F040CC16B1B43FDD7" bold="true" box="[264,541,561,587]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Paleovespa menatensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2025038980EC30F0721C16B1BDCFDD7" box="[549,642,561,587]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Nel and Auvray
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFA3151980EC30F040CC10E1830FDF2" blockId="1.[264,848,561,622]" box="[264,366,596,622]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
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<figureCitation id="137E2DD4980EC30F040CC10E1830FDF2" box="[264,366,596,622]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 1" captionStart-1="FIGURES 2" captionStartId-0="2.[264,382,1417,1441]" captionStartId-1="2.[264,382,1736,1760]" captionTargetBox-0="[339,1248,686,1393]" captionTargetBox-1="[566,1036,1529,1736]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[339,1248,686,1393]" captionTargetId-1="figure@2.[541,1046,1495,1736]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="2" captionText-0="FIGURES 1. Paleovespa menatensis sp. n., holotype specimen 21.6, photograph of habitus, scale bar represents 10 mm." captionText-1="FIGURES 2. Paleovespa menatensis, holotype specimen 21.6, reconstruction of fore wing, scale bar represents 4 mm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/174485/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/174486/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Figs 1–2</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35F62DA980EC30F040CC1FE1BE7FD22" box="[264,697,676,702]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BFA3151980EC30F040CC1FE1BE7FD22" blockId="1.[264,1323,676,1902]" box="[264,697,676,702]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
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<emphasis id="B931ED43980EC30F040CC1FE1821FD21" box="[264,383,676,701]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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. See the discussion below.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35F62DA980EC30F043CC1961BAFFBD2" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BFA3151980EC30F043CC1961BAFFBD2" blockId="1.[264,1323,676,1902]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
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<emphasis id="B931ED43980EC30F043CC196189CFD79" box="[312,450,716,741]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Description</emphasis>
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. Body not well preserved,
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<quantity id="4CBD9CB4980EC30F0600C1961A09FD7A" box="[772,855,716,742]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="21.0">21 mm</quantity>
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long, black with wings hyaline; head
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<quantity id="4CBD9CB4980EC30F0018C1961868FC92" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
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long,
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<quantity id="4CBD9CB4980EC30F0486C1AE1880FC92" box="[386,478,756,782]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="5.5">5.5 mm</quantity>
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wide; compound eyes
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<quantity id="4CBD9CB4980EC30F07F5C1AE1A68FC92" box="[753,822,756,782]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
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long,
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<quantity id="4CBD9CB4980EC30F0686C1AE1A96FC92" box="[898,968,756,782]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
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apart; clypeus not projecting; mesosoma
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<quantity id="4CBD9CB4980EC30F0489C046188CFCAA" box="[397,466,796,822]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
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long,
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<quantity id="4CBD9CB4980EC30F071BC0461B3AFCAA" box="[543,612,796,822]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
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wide; mesoscutum with lateral longitudinal carina opposite tegula, lacking parategula; notauli and parapsidal furrows not preserved; mid tibia
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<quantity id="4CBD9CB4980EC30F01E1C01E1C75FCC2" box="[1253,1323,836,862]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
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long; hind femur
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<quantity id="4CBD9CB4980EC30F04D1C0361B44FC1A" box="[469,538,876,902]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
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long, hind tibia
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<quantity id="4CBD9CB4980EC30F07D8C0361A7FFC1A" box="[732,801,876,902]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
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long, hind tarsus
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<quantity id="4CBD9CB4980EC30F06F7C0361D66FC1A" box="[1011,1080,876,902]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
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long; preserved part of fore wing
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<quantity id="4CBD9CB4980EC30F04ACC0CE18A3FC32" box="[424,509,916,942]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="14.0">14 mm</quantity>
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long,
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<quantity id="4CBD9CB4980EC30F0748C0CE1BF7FC32" box="[588,681,916,942]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
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wide; prestigma
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<quantity id="4CBD9CB4980EC30F067FC0CE1A89FC32" box="[891,983,916,942]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="0.3">0.3 mm</quantity>
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long, distinctly shorter than pterostigma (
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<quantity id="4CBD9CB4980EC30F04A1C0E61B5DFC4A" box="[421,515,956,982]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="0.6">0.6 mm</quantity>
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long); first discal cell
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<quantity id="4CBD9CB4980EC30F061EC0E61A29FC4A" box="[794,887,956,982]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="6.5">6.5 mm</quantity>
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long, longer than subbasal cell (
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<quantity id="4CBD9CB4980EC30F0000C0E6186BFC62" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="4.6">4.6 mm</quantity>
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long); vein 1cua straight and much shorter than vein 2/1A; cell [1SD] neither narrowed nor projecting apically; metasoma
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<quantity id="4CBD9CB4980EC30F062AC7561ADBFBBA" box="[814,901,1036,1062]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
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long,
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<quantity id="4CBD9CB4980EC30F06DDC7561D7DFBBA" box="[985,1059,1036,1062]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
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wide; with tergum 1 abruptly narrowed anteriorly,
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<quantity id="4CBD9CB4980EC30F0761C76E1BF6FBD2" box="[613,680,1076,1102]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
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wide.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35F62DA980EC30F043CC7061D23FB02" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BFA3151980EC30F043CC7061D23FB02" blockId="1.[264,1323,676,1902]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
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<emphasis id="B931ED43980EC30F043CC70618C0FBE9" box="[312,414,1116,1141]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Material</emphasis>
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.
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<typeStatus id="54FE8FF3980EC30F04B0C7061B7FFBEA" box="[436,545,1116,1142]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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specimen 21.6, (Auvray coll.), provisionally deposited in the department of Palaeontology, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35F62DA980EC30F043CC7F61C54FB5A" box="[312,1290,1196,1222]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8BFA3151980EC30F043CC7F61C54FB5A" blockId="1.[264,1323,676,1902]" box="[312,1290,1196,1222]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
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<emphasis id="B931ED43980EC30F043CC7F618EDFB59" box="[312,435,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Etymology</emphasis>
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. This species is named after the outcrop of Menat in which it was found.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35F62DA980EC30F043CC78E1D63F9B2" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BFA3151980EC30F043CC78E1D63F9B2" blockId="1.[264,1323,676,1902]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
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<emphasis id="B931ED43980EC30F043CC78E18E6FB71" box="[312,440,1236,1261]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Discussion</emphasis>
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. Following the key to the recent subfamilies of
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD44CA0980EC30F0103C78E1807FA8A" author="Brothers" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" refString="Brothers, D. J. & Finnamore, A. T. (1993) Chapter 8. Superfamily Vespoidea. pp, 161 - 278. In: Goulet, H. & Huber, J. T. (Eds), Hymenoptera of the World: an identification guide to families. Research Branch Agriculture Canada Publication, Ottawa, 1894 / E, i - vii + 1 - 668." type="journal article" year="1993">Brothers and Finnamore (1993)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C454AD2980EC30F046CC7A61B22FA89" box="[360,636,1276,1301]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Paleovespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="menatensis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B931ED43980EC30F046CC7A61B22FA89" box="[360,636,1276,1301]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Paleovespa menatensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2025038980EC30F0783C7A61BB8FA8A" box="[647,742,1276,1302]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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falls in the
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<taxonomicName id="4C454AD2980EC30F067AC7A61AB5FA8A" box="[894,1003,1276,1302]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Vespidae</taxonomicName>
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, and specifically
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<taxonomicName id="4C454AD2980EC30F01C5C7A61C75FA8A" box="[1217,1323,1276,1302]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Vespinae">Vespinae</taxonomicName>
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due to the following characters: the vein 1cua of the fore wing is straight and much shorter than vein 2/1A; the first discal cell of the fore wing is longer than subbasal cell. This last character is also excluding the Cretaceous subfamily Priovespinae (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD44CA0980EC30F017CC62E1896FA2A" author="Carpenter" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" refString="Carpenter, J. M. & Rasnitsyn, A. P. 1990. Mesozoic Vespidae. Psyche, 97, 1 - 20." type="journal article" year="1990">Carpenter and Rasnitsyn 1990</bibRefCitation>
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); the cell [1SD] of the fore wing is neither narrowed nor projecting apically; the prestigma is distinctly shorter than the pterostigma; the mesoscutum has a lateral longitudinal carina opposite tegula; the clypeus is not projecting; the mesoscutum lacks parategula; the metasomal tergum 1 abruptly narrows anteriorly.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35F62DA980EC30C043CC5661D73FDEA" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BFA3151980EC30C043CC5661B65FE4A" blockId="1.[264,1323,676,1902]" lastBlockId="2.[264,1323,284,630]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
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<taxonomicName id="4C454AD2980EC30F043CC5661B17F9C9" box="[312,585,1596,1621]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Paleovespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="menatensis">
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<emphasis id="B931ED43980EC30F043CC5661B17F9C9" box="[312,585,1596,1621]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Paleovespa menatensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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differs from the four recent genera
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<emphasis id="B931ED43980EC30F06E8C5661D73F9C9" box="[1004,1069,1596,1621]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Ve sp a</emphasis>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C454AD2980EC30F013BC5661C78F9CA" ID-CoL="6Y4X" authority="Ashmead" authorityName="Ashmead" box="[1087,1318,1596,1622]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Provespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B931ED43980EC30F013BC5661DF3F9C9" box="[1087,1197,1596,1621]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Provespa</emphasis>
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Ashmead
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C454AD2980EC30F040CC53E1B77F9E2" ID-CoL="47KP" authority="Rohwer" authorityName="Rohwer" box="[264,553,1636,1662]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Dolichovespula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B931ED43980EC30F040CC53E189EF9E1" box="[264,448,1636,1661]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Dolichovespula</emphasis>
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Rohwer
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<emphasis id="B931ED43980EC30F076EC53E1B9FF9E1" box="[618,705,1636,1661]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Ves p ul a</emphasis>
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Thomson in having its prestigma distinctly shorter than pterostigma (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44CA0980EC30F04E7C5D61BFCF93A" author="Carpenter" box="[483,674,1676,1702]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" refString="Carpenter, J. M. (1987) Phylogenetic relationships and classification of the Vespinae. Systematic Entomology, 12 (4), 413 - 431." type="journal article" year="1987">Carpenter 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Other characters currently used in the classification and phylogeny of the vespine genera are not available in our fossil. Nevertheless, this plesiomorphic wing venation character is also present in the Cenozoic genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454AD2980EC30F0191C58618F1F882" ID-CoL="6CL4" authority="Poinar 2005" authorityName="Poinar" authorityYear="2005" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Palaeovespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931ED43980EC30F0191C5861C75F969" box="[1173,1323,1756,1781]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Palaeovespa</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44CA0980EC30F0414C45E18F8F882" author="Poinar" box="[272,422,1796,1822]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" refString="Poinar, G. O. Jr. (2005) Fossil Trigonalidae and Vespidae (Hymenoptera) in Baltic amber. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 107 (1), 55 - 63." type="journal article" year="2005">Poinar 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Thus, we provisionally include
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454AD2980EC30F0630C45E1A8BF881" box="[820,981,1796,1822]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Paleovespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="menatensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931ED43980EC30F0630C45E1A1CF881" box="[820,834,1796,1821]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B931ED43980EC30F0657C45E1A8BF881" box="[851,981,1796,1821]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">menatensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<emphasis id="B931ED43980EC30F06F9C45E1DDAF881" box="[1021,1156,1796,1821]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Paleovespa</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454AD2980EC30F0191C45E1C75F881" ID-CoL="6CL4" box="[1173,1323,1796,1821]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Palaeovespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931ED43980EC30F0191C45E1C75F881" box="[1173,1323,1796,1821]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Palaeovespa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comprises seven species, viz.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454AD2980EC30F077AC4761A9FF8DA" ID-CoL="4C2YY" authority="Cockerell, 1910" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1910" box="[638,961,1836,1862]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Palaeovespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baltica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931ED43980EC30F077AC4761BADF8D9" box="[638,755,1836,1861]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">P. baltica</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44CA0980EC30F0604C4761A9FF8DA" author="Cockerell" box="[768,961,1836,1862]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" refString="Cockerell, T. D. A. (1910) Description of Hymenoptera from Baltic amber. Mitteilungen aus dem Geologisch-Palaeontologischen Institut und der Bernsteinsammlung der Universitat Konigsberg. Schriften der Physikalisch-Okonomischen Gesellschaft zu Konigsberg in Preussen, 50 (1), 1 - 20." type="journal article" year="1910">Cockerell, 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454AD2980EC30F0102C4761C75F8DA" authority="Poinar, 2005" authorityName="Poinar" authorityYear="2005" box="[1030,1323,1836,1862]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Palaeovespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="socialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931ED43980EC30F0102C4761DDDF8D9" box="[1030,1155,1836,1861]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">P. socialis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44CA0980EC30F0194C4761C75F8DA" author="Poinar" box="[1168,1323,1836,1862]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" refString="Poinar, G. O. Jr. (2005) Fossil Trigonalidae and Vespidae (Hymenoptera) in Baltic amber. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 107 (1), 55 - 63." type="journal article" year="2005">Poinar, 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Baltic amber),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454AD2980EC30F04CDC40E1A63F8F2" authority="Cockerell, 1906" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1906" box="[457,829,1876,1902]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Palaeovespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="florissantia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931ED43980EC30F04CDC40E1B2EF8F1" box="[457,624,1876,1901]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">P. florissantia</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44CA0980EC30F077FC40E1A63F8F2" author="Cockerell" box="[635,829,1876,1902]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" refString="Cockerell, T. D. A. (1906) Fossil Hymenoptera from Florissant, Colorado. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard, 50 (2), 33 - 58." type="journal article" year="1906">Cockerell, 1906</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454AD2980EC30F0649C40E1DCAF8F2" authority="Cockerell, 1906" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1906" box="[845,1172,1876,1902]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Palaeovespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gillettei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931ED43980EC30F0649C40E1A96F8F1" box="[845,968,1876,1901]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">P. gillettei</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44CA0980EC30F06D7C40E1DCAF8F2" author="Cockerell" box="[979,1172,1876,1902]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" refString="Cockerell, T. D. A. (1906) Fossil Hymenoptera from Florissant, Colorado. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard, 50 (2), 33 - 58." type="journal article" year="1906">Cockerell, 1906</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454AD2980EC30C01A1C40E1898FEAA" ID-CoL="4C2Z4" authority="Cockerell, 1906" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Palaeovespa" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="61" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scudderi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931ED43980EC30F01A1C40E1C74F8F1" box="[1189,1322,1876,1901]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">P. scudderi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44CA0980DC30C040CC2461898FEAA" author="Cockerell" box="[264,454,284,310]" pageId="2" pageNumber="62" refString="Cockerell, T. D. A. (1906) Fossil Hymenoptera from Florissant, Colorado. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard, 50 (2), 33 - 58." type="journal article" year="1906">Cockerell, 1906</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B931ED43980DC30C04D7C2461B63FEA9" box="[467,573,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">P. re l e c t a</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44CA0980DC30C074DC2461A59FEAA" author="Cockerell" box="[585,775,284,310]" pageId="2" pageNumber="62" refString="Cockerell, T. D. A. (1923) Two fossil Hymenoptera from Florissant (Vespidae, Megachilidae). Entomological News, 34, 270 - 271." type="journal article" year="1923">Cockerell, 1923</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454AD2980DC30C0643C2461D23FEAA" ID-CoL="4C2Z5" authority="Cockerell, 1915" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1915" box="[839,1149,284,310]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Palaeovespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wilsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931ED43980DC30C0643C2461AE7FEA9" box="[839,953,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">P. wilsoni</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44CA0980DC30C06C5C2461D23FEAA" author="Cockerell" box="[961,1149,284,310]" pageId="2" pageNumber="62" refString="Cockerell, T. D. A. (1915) Miocene fossil insects. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Science, Philadelphia, 66, 634 - 648." type="journal article" year="1915">Cockerell, 1915</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Late Eocene- Early Oligocene, Florissant, Colorado,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35271C1980DC30C07DCC21E1A4BFEC2" box="[728,789,324,350]" name="United States of America" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44CA0980DC30C0629C21E1AB8FEC2" author="Cockerell" box="[813,998,324,350]" pageId="2" pageNumber="62" refString="Cockerell, T. D. A. (1906) Fossil Hymenoptera from Florissant, Colorado. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard, 50 (2), 33 - 58." type="journal article" year="1906">Cockerell 1906</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44CA0980DC30C06F0C21E1D6FFEC2" author="Cockerell" box="[1012,1073,324,350]" pageId="2" pageNumber="62" refString="Cockerell, T. D. A. (1915) Miocene fossil insects. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Science, Philadelphia, 66, 634 - 648." type="journal article" year="1915">1915</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44CA0980DC30C013BC21E1D23FEC2" author="Cockerell" box="[1087,1149,324,350]" pageId="2" pageNumber="62" refString="Cockerell, T. D. A. (1923) Two fossil Hymenoptera from Florissant (Vespidae, Megachilidae). Entomological News, 34, 270 - 271." type="journal article" year="1923">1923</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44CA0980DC30C018EC21E1C40FEC2" author="Poinar" box="[1162,1310,324,350]" pageId="2" pageNumber="62" refString="Poinar, G. O. Jr. (2005) Fossil Trigonalidae and Vespidae (Hymenoptera) in Baltic amber. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 107 (1), 55 - 63." type="journal article" year="2005">Poinar 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454AD2980DC30C040CC23618B7FE19" box="[264,489,364,389]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Paleovespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baltica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931ED43980DC30C040CC23618B7FE19" box="[264,489,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Paleovespa baltica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B931ED43980DC30C04FCC2361B35FE19" box="[504,619,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">P. s o c i a l i s</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454AD2980DC30C077AC2361BABFE19" box="[638,757,364,389]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Palaeovespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gillettei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931ED43980DC30C077AC2361BABFE19" box="[638,757,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">P. gillettei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B931ED43980DC30C0600C2361A2CFE19" box="[772,882,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">P. w i l s o n i</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B931ED43980DC30C0681C2361AB1FE19" box="[901,1007,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">P. re l e c t a</emphasis>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454AD2980DC30C0130C2361DE8FE19" ID-CoL="4C2Z4" box="[1076,1206,364,389]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Palaeovespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scudderi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931ED43980DC30C0130C2361DE8FE19" box="[1076,1206,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">P. scudderi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are much smaller with a shorter fore wing than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454AD2980DC30C07CBC2CE1A2EFE31" box="[719,880,404,430]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Paleovespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="menatensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931ED43980DC30C07CBC2CE1B80FE31" box="[719,734,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B931ED43980DC30C07EAC2CE1A2EFE31" box="[750,880,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">menatensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454AD2980DC30C0685C2CE1DC8FE31" box="[897,1174,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Paleovespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="florissantia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931ED43980DC30C0685C2CE1DC8FE31" box="[897,1174,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Paleovespa florissantia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinctly longer than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454AD2980DC30C0490C2E61B6DFE49" box="[404,563,444,470]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Paleovespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="menatensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931ED43980DC30C0490C2E618FDFE49" box="[404,419,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B931ED43980DC30C04B5C2E61B6DFE49" box="[433,563,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">menatensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA3151980DC30C043CC2BE1D73FDEA" blockId="2.[264,1323,284,630]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
|
||
Until now, the wing venation of the Paleocene and Eocene
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454AD2980DC30C012FC2BE1DCBFE62" box="[1067,1173,484,510]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Vespinae">Vespinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
has several plesiomorphic characters not present in more recent genera. This suggests that this subfamily diversified relatively recently during the Late Paleogene, which could be congruent with its apparent absence in the Mesozoic (not yet found).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |