408 lines
54 KiB
XML
408 lines
54 KiB
XML
<document id="E8A101F94837228D1B62DE0F51FCD026" ID-DOI="10.5070/P9401462457" ID-ISSN="0031-0298" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10913330" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch,operationResults" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1712167746961" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Wheeler, Elisabeth A., Manchester, Steven R. & Baas, Pieter" docDate="2023" docId="038AF505A32C9635551DFDFDFB9D9C0B" docLanguage="en" docName="PaleoBios.40.14.1-55.pdf" docOrigin="PaleoBios 40 (14)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5070/p9401462457" docStyle="DocumentStyle:76F55B8832C4952BA7DD61B33E1F0E81.3:PaleoBios.2023-.journal_article" docStyleId="76F55B8832C4952BA7DD61B33E1F0E81" docStyleName="PaleoBios.2023-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Quercinium SP." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="19" masterDocId="FFB38D7DA33F9621547BFFC0FFD49B4F" masterDocTitle="A late Eocene wood assemblage from the Crooked River Basin, Oregon, USA" masterLastPageNumber="55" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="18" updateTime="1728048561589" updateUser="carolina" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0">
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<mods:title id="D0FE59C72450353097F146E69B5C96DD">A late Eocene wood assemblage from the Crooked River Basin, Oregon, USA</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="69C148DD371E784D98DF2CE1737A20BA">Wheeler, Elisabeth A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DE94A6E028B86DB90672C8874D50DB5B">Manchester, Steven R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0422C3EBA3130E6927A2A39CF2767CFA">Baas, Pieter</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="DCAB6D606022EA0931BCC3AEB90CC20B">PaleoBios</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="1F4A206F15284D900EEFBDC7740CF765">
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<mods:date id="D5C5F4FC7CFEE290EF17DADF04163FD9">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="71E9BF1F5B863BC69E6414EADE85C4A7">2023-11-01</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="0A9172D43E49FBE19E5CE2019D5DA3E7">http://dx.doi.org/10.5070/p9401462457</mods:url>
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<treatment id="038AF505A32C9635551DFDFDFB9D9C0B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038AF505A32C9635551DFDFDFB9D9C0B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038AF505A32C9635551DFDFDFB9D9C0B" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">
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<subSubSection id="C3391798A32C9632551DFDFDFDFF9916" box="[358,555,573,601]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9C4413A32C9632551DFDFDFDFF9916" blockId="19.[299,613,535,601]" box="[358,555,573,601]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">
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<heading id="D0D4F37FA32C9632551DFDFDFDFF9916" allCaps="true" box="[358,555,573,601]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32C9632551DFDFDFDFF9916" authority="Unger, 1842" box="[358,555,573,601]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercinium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9579801A32C9632551DFDFDFDDC9916" box="[358,520,573,601]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">QUERCINIUM</emphasis>
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SP.
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3391798A32C963555E8FDA9FB9D9C0B" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9C4413A32C963255E8FDA9FE2899CE" blockId="19.[403,508,617,641]" box="[403,508,617,641]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">
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<figureCitation id="13185896A32C963255E8FDA9FE2899CE" box="[403,508,617,641]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="20.[112,187,1364,1388]" captionTargetBox="[141,1478,192,1342]" captionTargetId="figure-313@20.[141,1481,192,1349]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 9. Fagaceae. Quercinium sp, UF 278-84878. A. Diffuse- to semi-ring-porous wood; vessels exclusively solitary, very slight tendency to diagonal arrangement, TS. B. Simple perforation plates (PP), RLS. C. Vasicentric tracheids, uniseriate rays, axial parenchyma strands, TLS. D. Vessel-ray parenchyma pits with reduced borders to simple, tyloses, RLS. E, F. Rays of two distinct sizes, TLS. Scale bars=200 µm in A, E; 100 µm in B, C, F; 50 µm in C; 20 µm in D." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913348" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913348/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">FIG. 9A–F</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C4413A32C963254EBFD5AFCCD9853" blockId="19.[112,807,666,1947]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">
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<emphasis id="B9579801A32C963254EBFD5AFE9899FB" bold="true" box="[144,332,666,692]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">Description—</emphasis>
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Growth rings boundaries present but not well-defined (
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<figureCitation id="13185896A32C96325536FD7DFE7E9998" box="[333,426,701,727]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="20.[112,187,1364,1388]" captionTargetBox="[141,1478,192,1342]" captionTargetId="figure-313@20.[141,1481,192,1349]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 9. Fagaceae. Quercinium sp, UF 278-84878. A. Diffuse- to semi-ring-porous wood; vessels exclusively solitary, very slight tendency to diagonal arrangement, TS. B. Simple perforation plates (PP), RLS. C. Vasicentric tracheids, uniseriate rays, axial parenchyma strands, TLS. D. Vessel-ray parenchyma pits with reduced borders to simple, tyloses, RLS. E, F. Rays of two distinct sizes, TLS. Scale bars=200 µm in A, E; 100 µm in B, C, F; 50 µm in C; 20 µm in D." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913348" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913348/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">Fig. 9A</figureCitation>
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), marked by radially flattened latewood fibers, and differences in vessel diameter between latewood and earlywood of subsequent rings.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C4413A32C963254EBFCE5FEEF9F18" blockId="19.[112,807,666,1947]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">
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Diffuse porous to semi-ring porous. Vessels with a very slight tendency to diagonal arrangement; exclusively solitary; vessels circular in outline (
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<figureCitation id="13185896A32C96325600FCABFD0C98CA" box="[635,728,875,901]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="20.[112,187,1364,1388]" captionTargetBox="[141,1478,192,1342]" captionTargetId="figure-313@20.[141,1481,192,1349]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 9. Fagaceae. Quercinium sp, UF 278-84878. A. Diffuse- to semi-ring-porous wood; vessels exclusively solitary, very slight tendency to diagonal arrangement, TS. B. Simple perforation plates (PP), RLS. C. Vasicentric tracheids, uniseriate rays, axial parenchyma strands, TLS. D. Vessel-ray parenchyma pits with reduced borders to simple, tyloses, RLS. E, F. Rays of two distinct sizes, TLS. Scale bars=200 µm in A, E; 100 µm in B, C, F; 50 µm in C; 20 µm in D." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913348" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913348/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">Fig. 9A</figureCitation>
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); vessel tangential diameters average 88 (
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<collectionCode id="ED32DCD6A32C96325647FC4EFDB198E7" box="[572,613,910,936]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15659" name="San Diego Natural History Museum" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" type="Herbarium">SD</collectionCode>
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=17) µm, range 53–133 µm; perforation plates exclusively simple (
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<figureCitation id="13185896A32C9632568AFC71FF4298A1" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="20.[112,187,1364,1388]" captionTargetBox="[141,1478,192,1342]" captionTargetId="figure-313@20.[141,1481,192,1349]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 9. Fagaceae. Quercinium sp, UF 278-84878. A. Diffuse- to semi-ring-porous wood; vessels exclusively solitary, very slight tendency to diagonal arrangement, TS. B. Simple perforation plates (PP), RLS. C. Vasicentric tracheids, uniseriate rays, axial parenchyma strands, TLS. D. Vessel-ray parenchyma pits with reduced borders to simple, tyloses, RLS. E, F. Rays of two distinct sizes, TLS. Scale bars=200 µm in A, E; 100 µm in B, C, F; 50 µm in C; 20 µm in D." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913348" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913348/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">Fig. 9B</figureCitation>
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); pits to vasicentric tracheids circular bordered, alternate (
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<figureCitation id="13185896A32C963254A7FC36FEED9F5E" box="[220,313,1014,1041]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="20.[112,187,1364,1388]" captionTargetBox="[141,1478,192,1342]" captionTargetId="figure-313@20.[141,1481,192,1349]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 9. Fagaceae. Quercinium sp, UF 278-84878. A. Diffuse- to semi-ring-porous wood; vessels exclusively solitary, very slight tendency to diagonal arrangement, TS. B. Simple perforation plates (PP), RLS. C. Vasicentric tracheids, uniseriate rays, axial parenchyma strands, TLS. D. Vessel-ray parenchyma pits with reduced borders to simple, tyloses, RLS. E, F. Rays of two distinct sizes, TLS. Scale bars=200 µm in A, E; 100 µm in B, C, F; 50 µm in C; 20 µm in D." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913348" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913348/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">Fig. 9C</figureCitation>
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); vessel-ray parenchyma pits enlarged with reduced borders and vertical to diagonal (
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<figureCitation id="13185896A32C963256CDFBD9FCC79F7C" box="[694,787,1049,1075]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="20.[112,187,1364,1388]" captionTargetBox="[141,1478,192,1342]" captionTargetId="figure-313@20.[141,1481,192,1349]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 9. Fagaceae. Quercinium sp, UF 278-84878. A. Diffuse- to semi-ring-porous wood; vessels exclusively solitary, very slight tendency to diagonal arrangement, TS. B. Simple perforation plates (PP), RLS. C. Vasicentric tracheids, uniseriate rays, axial parenchyma strands, TLS. D. Vessel-ray parenchyma pits with reduced borders to simple, tyloses, RLS. E, F. Rays of two distinct sizes, TLS. Scale bars=200 µm in A, E; 100 µm in B, C, F; 50 µm in C; 20 µm in D." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913348" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913348/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">Fig. 9D</figureCitation>
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). Tyloses present.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C4413A32C963254EBFB9FFCF59FD3" blockId="19.[112,807,666,1947]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">
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Vasicentric tracheids present (
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<figureCitation id="13185896A32C9632566CFB9FFDA19F36" box="[535,629,1119,1145]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="20.[112,187,1364,1388]" captionTargetBox="[141,1478,192,1342]" captionTargetId="figure-313@20.[141,1481,192,1349]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 9. Fagaceae. Quercinium sp, UF 278-84878. A. Diffuse- to semi-ring-porous wood; vessels exclusively solitary, very slight tendency to diagonal arrangement, TS. B. Simple perforation plates (PP), RLS. C. Vasicentric tracheids, uniseriate rays, axial parenchyma strands, TLS. D. Vessel-ray parenchyma pits with reduced borders to simple, tyloses, RLS. E, F. Rays of two distinct sizes, TLS. Scale bars=200 µm in A, E; 100 µm in B, C, F; 50 µm in C; 20 µm in D." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913348" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913348/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">Fig. 9C</figureCitation>
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). Fibers non-septate, most commonly without distinctly bordered pits.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C4413A32C963254EBFB65FE809E67" blockId="19.[112,807,666,1947]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">
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Axial parenchyma diffuse and probably diffuse-in-aggregates, difficult to see in transverse section, but visible in longitudinal sections, 4–8 or more cells per strand (
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<figureCitation id="13185896A32C963254ABFACDFE939E67" box="[208,327,1293,1320]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="20.[112,187,1364,1388]" captionTargetBox="[141,1478,192,1342]" captionTargetId="figure-313@20.[141,1481,192,1349]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 9. Fagaceae. Quercinium sp, UF 278-84878. A. Diffuse- to semi-ring-porous wood; vessels exclusively solitary, very slight tendency to diagonal arrangement, TS. B. Simple perforation plates (PP), RLS. C. Vasicentric tracheids, uniseriate rays, axial parenchyma strands, TLS. D. Vessel-ray parenchyma pits with reduced borders to simple, tyloses, RLS. E, F. Rays of two distinct sizes, TLS. Scale bars=200 µm in A, E; 100 µm in B, C, F; 50 µm in C; 20 µm in D." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913348" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913348/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">Fig. 9E, F</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C4413A32C963254EBFAF1FD9B9EFC" blockId="19.[112,807,666,1947]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">
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Rays of two distinct sizes, uniseriate and multiseriate rays to 15+ cells wide (
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<figureCitation id="13185896A32C963255EBFA93FDDC9E22" box="[400,520,1363,1389]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="20.[112,187,1364,1388]" captionTargetBox="[141,1478,192,1342]" captionTargetId="figure-313@20.[141,1481,192,1349]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 9. Fagaceae. Quercinium sp, UF 278-84878. A. Diffuse- to semi-ring-porous wood; vessels exclusively solitary, very slight tendency to diagonal arrangement, TS. B. Simple perforation plates (PP), RLS. C. Vasicentric tracheids, uniseriate rays, axial parenchyma strands, TLS. D. Vessel-ray parenchyma pits with reduced borders to simple, tyloses, RLS. E, F. Rays of two distinct sizes, TLS. Scale bars=200 µm in A, E; 100 µm in B, C, F; 50 µm in C; 20 µm in D." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913348" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913348/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">Fig. 9E, F</figureCitation>
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); wide rays quite rare. Uniseriate rays usually less than 12 cells high (Fig.
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<collectionCode id="ED32DCD6A32C96325699FAB6FD209EDF" box="[738,756,1398,1424]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" name="Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" type="Herbarium">E</collectionCode>
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,
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<collectionCode id="ED32DCD6A32C96325684FAB6FCC29EDF" box="[767,790,1398,1424]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15707" name="Field Museum of Natural History, Botany Department" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" type="Herbarium">F</collectionCode>
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). Mainly composed of procumbent cells.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C4413A32C963254EBFA7BFE719E9A" blockId="19.[112,807,666,1947]" box="[144,421,1467,1494]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">Crystals not observed.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C4413A32C963254EBFA1EFEEF9D53" blockId="19.[112,807,666,1947]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">
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<emphasis id="B9579801A32C963254EBFA1EFEE39EB7" bold="true" box="[144,311,1502,1528]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">Specimen—</emphasis>
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<collectionCode id="ED32DCD6A32C96325543FA1FFE889EB6" box="[312,348,1503,1529]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" type="Museum">UF</collectionCode>
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278-84878, estimated maximum diameter 8+ cm.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C4413A32C963254EBF9E4FDEC9D71" blockId="19.[112,807,666,1947]" box="[144,568,1572,1598]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">
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<emphasis id="B9579801A32C963254EBF9E4FE939D71" bold="true" box="[144,327,1572,1598]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">Occurrence—</emphasis>
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Dietz Hill (
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<collectionCode id="ED32DCD6A32C963255B1F9E4FE249D71" box="[458,496,1572,1598]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" type="Museum">UF</collectionCode>
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278).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C4413A32C963254EBF987FC6999E9" blockId="19.[112,807,666,1947]" lastBlockId="19.[832,1521,193,1948]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">
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<emphasis id="B9579801A32C963254EBF987FD849D2E" bold="true" box="[144,592,1607,1633]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">Comparisons with extant plants—</emphasis>
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The combination of exclusively solitary vessels, simple perforation plates, vasicentric tracheids, vertically oriented vessel-ray parenchyma pits with reduced borders, and two size classes of rays (not aggregate rays) indicates that this wood belongs to the
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<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32C9632555AF936FE409C5F" authorityName="DUMORT" authorityYear="1829" box="[289,404,1782,1808]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fagaceae</taxonomicName>
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, subfamily
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<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32C96325667F935FF1C9C7C" authority="Oersted (1753)" authorityName="Oersted" authorityYear="1753" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Quercoideae">Quercoideae Oersted (1753)</taxonomicName>
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(Wheeler, et al. 2022). The diffuse- to semi-ring-porosity suggests an evergreen
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<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32C9632566AF8FBFDA29C18" box="[529,630,1851,1879]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32C9632566AF8FBFDA29C18" box="[529,630,1851,1879]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">Quercus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED32DCD6A32C963256FBF8FBFD479C1A" box="[640,659,1851,1877]" country="Netherlands" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15678" name="Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Leiden University branch" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" type="Herbarium">L</collectionCode>
|
||
. (1753) or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32C9632540BF89CFE659C37" authority="Blume (1825)" authorityName="Blume" authorityYear="1825" box="[112,433,1884,1912]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Lithocarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32C9632540BF89CFED59C37" box="[112,257,1884,1912]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">Lithocarpus</emphasis>
|
||
Blume (1825)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but they typically have aggregate rays according to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A32C963255FCF840FD639CD4" author="Suzuki, M. & Ohba, H." box="[391,695,1920,1947]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" pagination="255 - 274" refId="ref39798" refString="Suzuki, M. and H. Ohba, H. 1991. A revision of fossil wood of Quercus and its allies in Japan. Journal of Japanese Botany 66 (5): 255 - 274." type="journal article" year="1991">Suzuki and Ohba (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as does the western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3340483A32C963257A1FF03FBD39B92" box="[986,1031,195,221]" name="United States of America" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">U.S.</collectingCountry>
|
||
endemic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32C96325006FF01FB899A4F" authority="Manos, Cannon and S. H. Oh (2008)" authorityName="Manos, Cannon and S. H. Oh" authorityYear="2008" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Notholithocarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32C96325006FF01FA879B92" box="[1149,1363,193,221]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">Notholithocarpus</emphasis>
|
||
Manos, Cannon and S.H.Oh (2008)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A32C9632500BFF26FAB09A4F" author="Wheeler, E. A. & P. Baas & S. R. Manchester" box="[1136,1380,230,256]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" pagination="61 - 86" refId="ref40792" refString="Wheeler, E. A., P. Baas and S. R. Manchester. 2022. Wood anatomy of modern and fossil Fagaceae. International Journal of Plant Sciences 183 (1): 61 - 86. [https: // doi. org / 10.1086 / 717328]." type="journal article" year="2022">Wheeler et al. 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, one (TWTw 20973) of the twelve
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32C963250ACFEC8FABC9A6B" authorityName="Blume" authorityYear="1825" box="[1239,1384,264,292]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Lithocarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32C963250ACFEC8FABC9A6B" box="[1239,1384,264,292]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">Lithocarpus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
samples in the
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED32DCD6A32C9632570BFEEDFC689A08" box="[880,956,301,327]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">FFPRI</collectionCode>
|
||
image database appears to have rays similar to
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED32DCD6A32C9632571AFE90FC509A25" box="[865,900,336,362]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" type="Museum">UF</collectionCode>
|
||
278-14 as do multiple samples of diffuse-porous to semi-ring-porous
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32C96325031FEB3FB3F9AC2" box="[1098,1259,371,399]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32C96325031FEB3FB799AC0" box="[1098,1197,371,399]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">Quercus</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e.g., TWTw 19013, 19097, 25282, 22654,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED32DCD6A32C96325021FE56FB729AFF" box="[1114,1190,406,432]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">FFPRI</collectionCode>
|
||
Wood Identification Data- base Team, 2002). In the Naturalis slide collection (Lw), two
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32C96325701FE1BFBA79AB9" box="[890,1139,475,503]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32C96325701FE1BFBD99AB8" box="[890,1037,475,503]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">Lithocarpus</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32C963250F3FE1BFC2C9955" authority="(Korth.) Rehder (1929)" authorityName="Rehder" authorityYear="1929" baseAuthorityName="Korth." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Lithocarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ewyckii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32C963250F3FE1BFA559AB6" box="[1160,1409,475,505]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">Lithocarpus ewyckii</emphasis>
|
||
(Korth.) Rehder (1929)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32C9632507EFE3EFA6E9955" authority="(Vidal) Rehder (1919)" authorityName="Rehder" authorityYear="1919" baseAuthorityName="Vidal" box="[1029,1466,510,538]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Lithocarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="solerianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32C9632507EFE3EFB4A9955" box="[1029,1182,510,538]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">L. solerianus</emphasis>
|
||
(Vidal) Rehder (1919)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and numerous species of diffuse- to semi-ring-porous
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32C963251EBFDE3FA259970" box="[1424,1521,547,575]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32C963251EBFDE3FA259970" box="[1424,1521,547,575]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">Quercus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32C963257FAFD86FB0E992F" authority="Nee, 1801" authorityName="Nee" authorityYear="1801" box="[897,1242,582,610]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="agrifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32C963257FAFD86FB80992D" box="[897,1108,582,610]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">Quercus agrifolia</emphasis>
|
||
Née, 1801
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32C96325093FD86FA3C992E" authority="Blume, 1850" authorityName="Blume" authorityYear="1850" box="[1256,1512,582,610]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gilva">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32C96325093FD86FA97992D" box="[1256,1347,582,610]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">Q. gilva</emphasis>
|
||
Blume, 1850
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32C9632573BFDA9FC5D99CB" box="[832,905,616,645]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ilex">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32C9632573BFDA9FC5D99CB" box="[832,905,616,645]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">Q. ilex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED32DCD6A32C963257EAFDAAFC7099CB" box="[913,932,618,644]" country="Netherlands" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15678" name="Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Leiden University branch" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" type="Herbarium">L</collectionCode>
|
||
., 1753;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32C9632507EFDA9FBAE99CB" box="[1029,1146,616,645]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="phellos">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32C9632507EFDA9FBAE99CB" box="[1029,1146,616,645]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">Q. phellos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED32DCD6A32C963250FAFDAAFB4099CB" box="[1153,1172,618,644]" country="Netherlands" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15678" name="Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Leiden University branch" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" type="Herbarium">L</collectionCode>
|
||
., 1753) have rays similar to this fossil.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C4413A32C9632571BFD6FFB979F65" blockId="19.[832,1521,193,1948]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32C9632571BFD6FFAC29985" bold="true" box="[864,1302,687,714]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">Comparisons with fossil woods—</emphasis>
|
||
Probably because of a combination of original abundance in ancient landscapes, resistance to decay, and ease of recognition, reports of fossil
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32C9632507FFCD9FB75987C" authorityName="Oersted" authorityYear="1753" box="[1028,1185,793,819]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Quercoideae">Quercoideae</taxonomicName>
|
||
woods, especially oaks, are common (see Gregory et al. 2009). At the nearby Post Hammer locality (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED32DCD6A32C96325065FCA0FB909835" box="[1054,1092,864,890]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" type="Museum">UF</collectionCode>
|
||
279), there are three
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32C96325128FC9FFA249836" authorityName="Oersted" authorityYear="1753" box="[1363,1520,863,889]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Quercoideae">Quercoideae</taxonomicName>
|
||
woods, two
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32C963257A0FC43FB7598D0" box="[987,1185,899,927]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">Lithocarpoxylon</emphasis>
|
||
(Petrescu) emend.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A32C963251E7FC43FBCD988F" author="Suzuki, M. & Ohba, H." pageId="19" pageNumber="18" pagination="255 - 274" refId="ref39798" refString="Suzuki, M. and H. Ohba, H. 1991. A revision of fossil wood of Quercus and its allies in Japan. Journal of Japanese Botany 66 (5): 255 - 274." type="journal article" year="1991">Suzuki and Ohba (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32C9632500AFC66FB00988D" box="[1137,1236,934,962]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32C9632500AFC66FB00988D" box="[1137,1236,934,962]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">Quercus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of the Red Oak Group (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A32C96325730FC09FB1F98AC" author="Wheeler, E. A. & S. R. Manchester" box="[843,1227,969,995]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" pagination="299 - 329" refId="ref41269" refString="Wheeler, E. A. and S. R. Manchester. 2021. A diverse assemblage of late Eocene woods from Oregon, USA. Fossil Imprint 77 (2): 299 - 329. [https: // doi. org / 10.37520 / fi. 2021.022]." type="journal article" year="2021">
|
||
Wheeler and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E78AF1A32C9632578AFC09FB5098AC" box="[1009,1156,969,995]" country="United Kingdom" name="Manchester" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">Manchester</collectingRegion>
|
||
2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and one at the middle Eocene Clarno Nut Beds,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32C96325004FC2DFBE99F65" authority="Scott and Wheeler (1982)" authorityName="Scott and Wheeler" authorityYear="1982" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercinium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crystallifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32C96325004FC2DFA7D9F49" box="[1151,1449,1004,1031]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">Quercinium crystallifera</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A32C963251CAFC2CFBE99F65" author="Scott, R. A. & E. A. Wheeler" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" pagination="135 - 154" refId="ref38994" refString="Scott, R. A. and E. A. Wheeler. 1982. Fossil woods from the Eocene Clarno Formation of Oregon. IAWA Bulletin n. s. 3 (3 - 4): 135 - 154. [https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 22941932 - 90000829]." type="journal article" year="1982">Scott and Wheeler (1982)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C4413A32C9632571BFBF3FB249E6F" blockId="19.[832,1521,193,1948]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">
|
||
Because this wood has features found in both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32C963251F6FBF3FA249F00" box="[1421,1520,1075,1103]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32C963251F6FBF3FA249F00" box="[1421,1520,1075,1103]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">Quercus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32C9632570EFB94FBD99F3F" box="[885,1037,1108,1136]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32C9632570EFB94FBDC9F3F" authorityName="Blume" authorityYear="1825" box="[885,1032,1108,1136]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Lithocarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Lithocarpus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
we are not assigning it to
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32C9632512AFB96FA6E9F3D" box="[1361,1466,1110,1138]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32C9632512AFB96FA629F3D" box="[1361,1462,1110,1138]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Quercus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The emended diagnosis and discussion of
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32C96325153FBB9FA3B9FDA" box="[1320,1519,1145,1173]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">Lithocarpoxylon</emphasis>
|
||
indicate that this genus is for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32C963250C3FB5CFA819FF9" authorityName="Oersted" authorityYear="1753" box="[1208,1365,1180,1206]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Quercoideae">Quercoideae</taxonomicName>
|
||
woods with aggregate rays (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A32C96325073FB00FB699F95" author="Petrescu, L." box="[1032,1213,1216,1242]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" pagination="113 - 184" refId="ref38240" refString="Petrescu, L. 1978. Studiul lemnelor fosile din oligocenul din nord-vestul Transilvaniei. Memoires de Institutul de Geologie si Geofizica, Bucharest 27: 113 - 184." type="journal article" year="1978">Petrescu 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A32C963250B1FB7FFA0B9F96" author="Suzuki, M. & Ohba, H." box="[1226,1503,1215,1241]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" pagination="255 - 274" refId="ref39798" refString="Suzuki, M. and H. Ohba, H. 1991. A revision of fossil wood of Quercus and its allies in Japan. Journal of Japanese Botany 66 (5): 255 - 274." type="journal article" year="1991">Suzuki and Ohba1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and because this wood does not have aggregate rays we do not assign it to
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32C9632505FFAC6FB3E9E6D" box="[1060,1258,1286,1314]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">Lithocarpoxylon</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C4413A32C9635571BFAE7FF019C2C" blockId="19.[832,1521,193,1948]" lastBlockId="20.[112,800,1517,1959]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32C9632571BFAE7FB369E0C" bold="true" box="[864,1250,1319,1348]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32C9632571BFAE7FB119E0C" bold="true" box="[864,1221,1319,1348]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32C9632571BFAE7FC2F9E0C" authorityName="Unger" authorityYear="1842" box="[864,1019,1319,1347]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercinium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Quercinium</taxonomicName>
|
||
vs
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32C96325059FAE7FB119E0C" box="[1058,1221,1319,1347]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercoxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Quercoxylon</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
—
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Th
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32C9632517FFAE8FAC59E0B" box="[1284,1297,1320,1348]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">e</emphasis>
|
||
history of generic names for woods resembling
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32C963250C1FA8BFA989E28" authorityName="Blume" authorityYear="1825" box="[1210,1356,1355,1383]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Lithocarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32C963250C1FA8BFA989E28" box="[1210,1356,1355,1383]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">Lithocarpus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32C963251F6FA8DFA249E26" box="[1421,1520,1357,1385]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32C963251F6FA8DFA249E26" box="[1421,1520,1357,1385]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">Quercus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is complex and has been discussed at length by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A32C963251EFFAAFFB8B9EE2" author="Muller-Stoll, W. R. & E. Madel" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" pagination="121 - 168" refId="ref37777" refString="Muller-Stoll, W. R. and E. Madel. 1957. Uber tertiare Eichenholzer aus dem pannoischen Becken. Senckenbergiana Lethaea 38: 121 - 168." type="journal article" year="1957">Müller-Stoll and Mädel (1957)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A32C96325016FA53FADE9EE2" author="Brett, D. W." box="[1133,1290,1427,1453]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" pagination="86 - 92" refId="ref33225" refString="Brett, D. W. 1960. Fossil oak wood from the British Eocene. Palaeontology 3 (1): 86 - 92." type="journal article" year="1960">Brett (1960)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A32C96325163FA53FC439E9F" author="Madel-Angeliewa, E." pageId="19" pageNumber="18" pagination="433 - 470" refId="ref37025" refString="Madel-Angeliewa, E. 1968. Eichen-und Pappelholz aus der pliozanen Kohle im Gebiet von Baccinello (Toskana, Italien). Geologisches Jahrbuch 86: 433 - 470." type="journal article" year="1968">Mädel-Angeliewa (1968)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A32C963257A2FA76FBA59E9F" author="Gros, J-P." box="[985,1137,1462,1488]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" pagination="250 - 260" refId="ref35370" refString="Gros, J-P. 1988. La denomination des bois fossiles identifies a des Chenes. Bulletin mensuel de la Societe linneenne de Lyon 57 (8): 250 - 260." type="journal article" year="1988">Gros (1988)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Relying on these publications, the best we can sort out is as follows. The oldest name applied to such woods is
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32C963250FDFA3BFB279D58" box="[1158,1267,1531,1559]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">Kladenia</emphasis>
|
||
used by Göppert in 1839, but
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A32C963257C7F9DFFAE79D75" author="Muller-Stoll, W. R. & E. Madel" box="[956,1331,1567,1594]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" pagination="121 - 168" refId="ref37777" refString="Muller-Stoll, W. R. and E. Madel. 1957. Uber tertiare Eichenholzer aus dem pannoischen Becken. Senckenbergiana Lethaea 38: 121 - 168." type="journal article" year="1957">Müller-Stoll and Mädel (1957)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
argued against using this name.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A32C96325077F983FB609D12" author="Unger, F." box="[1036,1204,1603,1629]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" refId="ref40139" refString="Unger, F. 1842. Synopsis lignorum fossilium plantarum acramphibryarum. Pp. 100 - 102 in S. Endlicher (ed.). Genera plantarum secundrum ordines naturales disposita. Suppl II Appendix F. Beck, Vindobonae." type="book" year="1842">Unger (1842)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
proposed the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32C963251D7F983FC409DCF" authorityName="Unger" authorityYear="1842" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercinium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32C963251D7F983FC409DCF" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">Quercinium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for fossil wood resembling
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32C96325085F9A6FAB39DCD" box="[1278,1383,1638,1666]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32C96325085F9A6FAB79DCD" box="[1278,1379,1638,1666]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Quercus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The name
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32C9632573BF949FBC69DEB" box="[832,1042,1672,1701]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32C9632573BF949FC0C9DEA" box="[832,984,1673,1701]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercoxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Quercoxylon</taxonomicName>
|
||
was
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
first used by Hoffman (1929), but it was not designated as gen. nov. and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32C9632516AF96DFCA39DA5" authority="Hoffman" authorityName="Hoffman" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercoxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32C9632516AF96DFA7C9D86" box="[1297,1448,1709,1737]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">Quercoxylon</emphasis>
|
||
Hoffman
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
seems to have been mostly ignored. Subsequently,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A32C9632573BF933FBD49C42" author="Krausel, R." box="[832,1024,1779,1805]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 140" refId="ref36397" refString="Krausel, R. 1939. Ergebnisse der Forschungsreisen Prof. E. Stromers in den Wusten Agyptens. IV. Die fossilen Floren Agyptens, Teil 3, E-L. Abhandlungen der Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Ab- teilung (N. S.) 47: 1 - 140." type="journal article" year="1939">Kraüsel (1939)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
again proposed the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32C96325122F933FC4B9C7F" authority="Krausel" authorityName="Krausel" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercoxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32C96325122F933FA249C40" box="[1369,1520,1779,1807]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">Quercoxylon</emphasis>
|
||
Kräusel
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and later
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A32C96325067F8D6FA5F9C7E" author="Muller-Stoll, W. R. & E. Madel" box="[1052,1419,1814,1841]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" pagination="121 - 168" refId="ref37777" refString="Muller-Stoll, W. R. and E. Madel. 1957. Uber tertiare Eichenholzer aus dem pannoischen Becken. Senckenbergiana Lethaea 38: 121 - 168." type="journal article" year="1957">Müller-Stoll and Mädel (1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 125) provided a formal diagnosis for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32C963250A1F8F9FAF69C38" authority="(Krausel) emend. Muller-Stoll and Madel (1957)" authorityName="emend. Muller-Stoll and Madel" authorityYear="1957" baseAuthorityName="Krausel" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercoxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32C963250A1F8F9FAA59C1A" box="[1242,1393,1849,1877]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">Quercoxylon</emphasis>
|
||
(Kräusel) emend.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A32C963257DFF89CFAF69C38" author="Muller-Stoll, W. R. & E. Madel" box="[932,1314,1884,1911]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" pagination="121 - 168" refId="ref37777" refString="Muller-Stoll, W. R. and E. Madel. 1957. Uber tertiare Eichenholzer aus dem pannoischen Becken. Senckenbergiana Lethaea 38: 121 - 168." type="journal article" year="1957">Müller-Stoll and Mädel (1957)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In their discussion, Müller-Stoll and Mädel note that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32C96325159F840FA6D9CD3" authorityName="emend. Muller-Stoll and Madel" authorityYear="1957" baseAuthorityName="Krausel" box="[1314,1465,1920,1948]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercoxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32C96325159F840FA6D9CD3" box="[1314,1465,1920,1948]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">Quercoxylon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32B9635540BFA2EFF289D47" authorityName="Unger" authorityYear="1842" box="[112,252,1518,1544]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercinium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32B9635540BFA2EFF289D47" box="[112,252,1518,1544]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">Quercinium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are completely identical in content [“
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32B963556CCFA2EFEDE9D64" authority="Krausel" authorityName="Krausel" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercoxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32B963556CCFA2EFF709D62" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">Quercoxylon</emphasis>
|
||
Kraüsel
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32B96355531F9D1FDF89D64" authority="Unger" authorityName="Unger" authorityYear="1842" box="[330,556,1553,1579]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercinium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32B96355531F9D1FE0C9D64" box="[330,472,1553,1579]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">Quercinium</emphasis>
|
||
Unger
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
stimmen inhaltlich völlig überein”]. Although
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32B963555C3F9F4FD929D01" authorityName="Unger" authorityYear="1842" box="[440,582,1588,1614]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercinium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32B963555C3F9F4FD929D01" box="[440,582,1588,1614]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">Quercinium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has priority (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A32B9635568BF9F4FF309D3E" author="Unger, F." pageId="20" pageNumber="19" refId="ref40139" refString="Unger, F. 1842. Synopsis lignorum fossilium plantarum acramphibryarum. Pp. 100 - 102 in S. Endlicher (ed.). Genera plantarum secundrum ordines naturales disposita. Suppl II Appendix F. Beck, Vindobonae." type="book" year="1842">Unger 1842</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), they stated that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32B963555BFF998FCF49D3D" authority="Krausel (1939)" authorityName="Krausel" authorityYear="1939" box="[452,800,1623,1652]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercoxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32B963555BFF998FD8F9D3B" box="[452,603,1624,1652]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">Quercoxylon</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A32B96355619F997FCF49D3D" author="Krausel, R." box="[610,800,1623,1650]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" pagination="1 - 140" refId="ref36397" refString="Krausel, R. 1939. Ergebnisse der Forschungsreisen Prof. E. Stromers in den Wusten Agyptens. IV. Die fossilen Floren Agyptens, Teil 3, E-L. Abhandlungen der Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Ab- teilung (N. S.) 47: 1 - 140." type="journal article" year="1939">Kraüsel (1939)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
should be used because most authors are of the opinion that fossil woods named after a modern genus should use -
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32B963554D7F901FF2F9D92" box="[172,251,1729,1757]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">oxylon</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A32B96355575F901FDA19D93" author="Muller-Stoll, W. R. & E. Madel" box="[270,629,1729,1756]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" pagination="121 - 168" refId="ref37777" refString="Muller-Stoll, W. R. and E. Madel. 1957. Uber tertiare Eichenholzer aus dem pannoischen Becken. Senckenbergiana Lethaea 38: 121 - 168." type="journal article" year="1957">Müller-Stoll and Mädel 1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 125–126). There is no formal requirement to use -
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32B9635563FF924FD469C4F" box="[580,658,1764,1792]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">oxylon</emphasis>
|
||
in a generic name for a fossil wood. Consequently, we are assigning this wood to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32B9635556DF8E8FE2C9C0D" authority="Unger" authorityName="Unger" authorityYear="1842" box="[278,504,1832,1858]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercinium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32B9635556DF8E8FE709C0D" box="[278,420,1832,1858]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">Quercinium</emphasis>
|
||
Unger
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
because that name has priority.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF5C149BA32B9635540BFA94FC529EF3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913348" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10913348" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913348/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" startId="20.[112,187,1364,1388]" targetBox="[141,1478,192,1342]" targetPageId="20" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C4413A32B9635540BFA94FC529EF3" blockId="20.[112,1510,1364,1469]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32B9635540BFA94FF029E23" bold="true" box="[112,214,1364,1388]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">Figure 9.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32B963554A0FA95FEEB9E22" authorityName="DUMORT" authorityYear="1829" box="[219,319,1365,1389]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fagaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32B96355533FA95FE369E23" box="[328,482,1365,1388]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercinium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32B96355533FA95FE179E23" box="[328,451,1365,1388]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">Quercinium</emphasis>
|
||
sp
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, UF 278-84878. A. Diffuse- to semi-ring-porous wood; vessels exclusively solitary, very slight tendency to diagonal arrangement, TS.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32B9635566EFAAFFDF19EC8" bold="true" box="[533,549,1391,1415]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">B</emphasis>
|
||
. Simple perforation plates (PP), RLS.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32B963557CDFAAFFC119EC8" bold="true" box="[950,965,1391,1415]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">C</emphasis>
|
||
. Vasicentric tracheids, uniseriate rays, axial parenchyma strands, TLS.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32B96355537FA4AFE8A9EED" bold="true" box="[332,350,1418,1442]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">D</emphasis>
|
||
. Vessel-ray parenchyma pits with reduced borders to simple, tyloses, RLS.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32B96355004FA4AFB739EED" bold="true" box="[1151,1191,1418,1442]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">E, F</emphasis>
|
||
. Rays of two distinct sizes, TLS. Scale bars=200 µm in A, E; 100 µm in B, C, F; 50 µm in C; 20 µm in D.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C4413A32B963554EBF8ABFB9D9C0B" blockId="20.[112,800,1517,1959]" lastBlockId="20.[832,1521,1517,1860]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED32DCD6A32B963554EBF8ABFF769CCA" box="[144,162,1899,1925]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
|
||
noteworthy feature of this Dietz Hill
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32B963556EBF8ABFCF49CCA" authorityName="Unger" authorityYear="1842" box="[656,800,1899,1925]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercinium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32B963556EBF8ABFCF49CCA" box="[656,800,1899,1925]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">Quercinium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is that it does not have a distinct radial, diagonal, or dendritic vessel arrangement. This feature also characterizes
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32B963557ECF9D1FAF99D64" authority="Brett (1960)" authorityName="Brett" authorityYear="1960" box="[919,1325,1553,1579]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercinium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="porosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32B963557ECF9D1FB449D64" box="[919,1168,1553,1579]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">Quercinium porosum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A32B963550EFF9D1FAF99D64" author="Brett, D. W." box="[1172,1325,1553,1579]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" pagination="86 - 92" refId="ref33225" refString="Brett, D. W. 1960. Fossil oak wood from the British Eocene. Palaeontology 3 (1): 86 - 92." type="journal article" year="1960">Brett (1960)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the British Eocene, which has markedly wider vessels which average 237 µm in tangential diameter. We do not know whether this Dietz Hill sample might be root wood which could explain the lack of a distinct vessel arrangement pattern (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A32B96355730F901FBF29D94" author="Cutler, D. W. & P. J. Rudall & P. E. Gasson & R. M. O. Gale" box="[843,1062,1729,1755]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" refId="ref34042" refString="Cutler, D. W., P. J. Rudall, P. E. Gasson and R. M. O. Gale. 1987. Root Identification Manual of Trees and Shrubs: A Guide to the Anatomy of Roots of Trees and Shrubs Hardy in Britain and Northern Europe. Chapman and Hall, London. 245 pp." type="book" year="1987">Cutler et al. 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). We are not creating a new species for this small, single sample of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32B963550B3F924FAB19DB1" authorityName="Oersted" authorityYear="1753" box="[1224,1381,1764,1790]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="20" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Quercoideae">Quercoideae</taxonomicName>
|
||
wood, and think it is sufficient to report its occurrence at the Dietz Hill (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED32DCD6A32B96355701F8EAFC749C0B" box="[890,928,1834,1860]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" type="Museum">UF</collectionCode>
|
||
278) locality.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |