263 lines
25 KiB
XML
263 lines
25 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.950.50669" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0f271738-2361-416a-846b-0a18a3493ef0" ID-PMC="PMC7387373" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-950-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="F390930DA2F05E56A04D6573A61823CB" ID-PubMed="32774098" ID-ZooBank="7B45B663B8A74C0E9CE874A298CBE358" ModsDocID="1313-2970-950-1" checkinTime="1595285272168" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Yeung, Norine W., Slapcinsky, John, Strong, Ellen E., Kim, Jaynee R. & Hayes, Kenneth A." docDate="2020" docId="7852DC7649475E10850962C5EF8381AA" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 950: 1-31" docOrigin="ZooKeys 950" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.950.50669" docTitle="Auriculella perpusilla E. Smith 1873" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="F390930DA2F05E56A04D6573A61823CB" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="F390930DA2F05E56A04D6573A61823CB" masterDocTitle="Overlooked but not forgotten: the first new extant species of Hawaiian land snail described in 60 years, Auriculella gagneorum sp. nov. (Achatinellidae, Auriculellinae)" masterLastPageNumber="31" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668169105500" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Overlooked but not forgotten: the first new extant species of Hawaiian land snail described in 60 years, Auriculella gagneorum sp. nov. (Achatinellidae, Auriculellinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Yeung, Norine W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Bishop Museum, 1525 Bernice Street, 96817, Honolulu, Hawaii</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">nyeung@hawaii.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Slapcinsky, John</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Florida Museum of Natural History, 1659 Museum Road, 32611, Gainesville, Florida</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0147-848X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Strong, Ellen E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, MRC 163, 20013 - 7012, Washington, DC, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Kim, Jaynee R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Bishop Museum, 1525 Bernice Street, 96817, Honolulu, Hawaii</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Hayes, Kenneth A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Bishop Museum, 1525 Bernice Street, 96817, Honolulu, Hawaii</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0814-483X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>950</mods:number>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.950.50669</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.950.50669</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-950-1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="165843390" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7852DC7649475E10850962C5EF8381AA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7852DC7649475E10850962C5EF8381AA" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName LSID="7852DC76-4947-5E10-8509-62C5EF8381AA" authority="E. Smith, 1873" authorityName="E. Smith" authorityYear="1873" class="Gastropoda" family="Achatinellidae" genus="Auriculella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Auriculella perpusilla" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="perpusilla">Auriculella perpusilla E. Smith, 1873</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Distributional map of Auriculella spp. A Auriculella auricula B Auriculella minuta C Auriculella perpusilla D Auriculella perversa E Auriculella tenella and F Auriculella gagneorum sp. nov. Dark grey circle = historical; light grey triangle = since 2010." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.50669.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/432892" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figures 1C</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Comparative shell morphology of A Auriculella auricula neotype BPBM 18709 B Auriculella auricula shell variation (left to right) BPBM 12651, BPBM 12666 C Auriculella minuta lectotype BPBM 42377 D Auriculella minuta shell variation (left to right) BPBM 12804, paralectotype MCZ 73037 E Auriculella perpusilla holotype MCZ 39912 F Auriculella perpusilla (left to right) BPBM 285806, BPBM 134341 (2 spm), BPBM 134280 white one, BPBM 122643, BPBM 13443 G Auriculella perversa lectotype BPBM 42384, 3 shells H Auriculella perversa shell variation (left to right) paralectotype ANSP 91817 I Auriculella tenella lectotype BPBM 18943 J Auriculella tenella shell variation paralectotype BPBM 109679 K Auriculella gagneorum sp. nov. holotype (BPBM 285843) and L Auriculella gagneorum sp. nov. paratypes, left to right (BPBM 285797, 285794, 285795, 285798). Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.50669.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/432894" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 3E, F</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Comparative reproductive anatomy of A Auriculella auricula BPBM 119141 B Auriculella minuta BPBM 99146 C Auriculella perpusilla BPBM 93626 D Auriculella perversa BPBM 97904 E Auriculella tenella BPBM 211034 F Auriculella gagneorum sp. nov. paratype BPBM 285800. Abbreviatons for reproductive structures are: AG = albumen gland; AP = penial appendix; BC = bursa copulatrix; EP = epiphallus; GP = gonopore; P = penis; OV = free oviduct; PG = prostate gland; PR = penial retractor muscle; UT = uterus; VD = vas deferens. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.50669.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/432895" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 4C</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Comparative radular morphology of A A. auricula B A. minuta C A. perpusilla D A. perversa E A. tenella F A. gagneorum sp. nov. Scale bar: 10 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.50669.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/432896" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 5C</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="E. Smith" authorityYear="1873" class="Gastropoda" family="Achatinellidae" genus="Auriculella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Auriculella perpusilla" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="perpusilla">Auriculella perpusilla</taxonomicName>
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E. Smith in Gulick & Smith, 1873: 87, pl. 10, fig. 26; Pilsbry and Cooke 1915: 91-92, pl. 25, figs 1, 2;
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<bibRefCitation author="Cowie, RH" journalOrPublisher="Backhuys Publishers, Leiden" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B11" refString="Cowie, RH, Evenhuis, NL, Christensen, CC, 1995. Catalog of the native land and freshwater molluscs of the Hawaiian Islands. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden" title="Catalog of the native land and freshwater molluscs of the Hawaiian Islands." year="1995">Cowie et al. 1995</bibRefCitation>
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: 77;
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<bibRefCitation author="Johnson, RI" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="159 - 214" publicationUrl="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/4272327" refId="B27" refString="Johnson, RI, 1996. Types of land and freshwater mollusks from the Hawaiian Islands in the Museum of Comparative Zoology. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 155 (4): 159 - 214, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/4272327" title="Types of land and freshwater mollusks from the Hawaiian Islands in the Museum of Comparative Zoology." url="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/4272327" volume="155" year="1996">Johnson 1996</bibRefCitation>
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: 193;
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<bibRefCitation author="Severns, M" journalOrPublisher="ConchBooks, Hackenheim" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B48" refString="Severns, M, 2011. Shells of the Hawaiian Islands - the Land Shells. ConchBooks, Hackenheim" title="Shells of the Hawaiian Islands - the Land Shells." year="2011">Severns 2011</bibRefCitation>
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: 210, pl. 82, fig. 3.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype</emphasis>
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: USA • 1; shell crushed; H = 4 mm, W = 2 ⅔ mm (according to original description); Honolulu County, Oahu, Koolau Mountains; 1918; John T. Gulick leg.; MCZ 39912.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type locality">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“Kohalu”">"Kohalu"</normalizedToken>
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(
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sic</emphasis>
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, Kahaluu) on Oahu.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Shell</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Shell sinistral with inflated whorls, H = 4.4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.26 mm, W = 3.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.15 mm, WH = 5.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.14, AH = 2.1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.14 mm, AW = 1.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.11 mm (
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N</emphasis>
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= 50; Table
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<tableCitation captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Museum catalog numbers for specimens used in genetic analysis with numbers of specimens from which shell measurements, reproductive anatomy and radular morphology were obtained. Catalog numbers (BPBM) are for lots from which specimens were sequenced (N = number of individuals sequenced from each lot)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D193152D554D4A4E5C1BFC4418311F43" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableUuid="D193152D554D4A4E5C1BFC4418311F43">2f</tableCitation>
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). Columella in juveniles with a strong lamella that is reduced and covered by a thickening of the inner edge of the lip in adults. Some adults show a short projection or angulation where the columellar lamella was located. Parietal lamella is smooth and not undulate, extending 0.3 whorls into the aperture, and sometimes bears a weak angulation at mid-point. Shell color is pale tan or dark brown, with or without a single peripheral color band of pale tan or dark brown (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Comparative shell morphology of A Auriculella auricula neotype BPBM 18709 B Auriculella auricula shell variation (left to right) BPBM 12651, BPBM 12666 C Auriculella minuta lectotype BPBM 42377 D Auriculella minuta shell variation (left to right) BPBM 12804, paralectotype MCZ 73037 E Auriculella perpusilla holotype MCZ 39912 F Auriculella perpusilla (left to right) BPBM 285806, BPBM 134341 (2 spm), BPBM 134280 white one, BPBM 122643, BPBM 13443 G Auriculella perversa lectotype BPBM 42384, 3 shells H Auriculella perversa shell variation (left to right) paralectotype ANSP 91817 I Auriculella tenella lectotype BPBM 18943 J Auriculella tenella shell variation paralectotype BPBM 109679 K Auriculella gagneorum sp. nov. holotype (BPBM 285843) and L Auriculella gagneorum sp. nov. paratypes, left to right (BPBM 285797, 285794, 285795, 285798). Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.50669.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/432894" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3F</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Reproductive system</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Phallus retractor muscle relatively short, attached apically to a long epiphallus, which is nearly ⅓ the length of the phallus (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Comparative reproductive anatomy of A Auriculella auricula BPBM 119141 B Auriculella minuta BPBM 99146 C Auriculella perpusilla BPBM 93626 D Auriculella perversa BPBM 97904 E Auriculella tenella BPBM 211034 F Auriculella gagneorum sp. nov. paratype BPBM 285800. Abbreviatons for reproductive structures are: AG = albumen gland; AP = penial appendix; BC = bursa copulatrix; EP = epiphallus; GP = gonopore; P = penis; OV = free oviduct; PG = prostate gland; PR = penial retractor muscle; UT = uterus; VD = vas deferens. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.50669.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/432895" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4C</figureCitation>
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). Appendix is nearly equal in length to the phallus. Appendix slightly over half the diameter of the phallus at its attachment, narrowing abruptly at ⅓ its length and remaining narrow to its terminus. Apical ⅔ of the phallus is broad, basal ⅓ narrows abruptly and remains narrow to the junction with the short atrium. Vagina is long and nearly half the length of the phallus.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Limidae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Radula" order="Limida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Radula</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Limidae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Radula" order="Limida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Radula</taxonomicName>
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with an irregular rachidian flanked on either side by rastriform marginal teeth, as diagnostic of the family (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Comparative radular morphology of A A. auricula B A. minuta C A. perpusilla D A. perversa E A. tenella F A. gagneorum sp. nov. Scale bar: 10 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.50669.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/432896" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5C</figureCitation>
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). Each tooth has a long narrow base that expands slowly for
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<normalizedToken originalValue="¾">3/4</normalizedToken>
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of the length of the tooth before reaching the forward curving cusps, which comprise the remaining
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<normalizedToken originalValue="¼">1/4</normalizedToken>
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of the tooth. There are three long cusps at mesocone, endocone, and ectocone positions with two or more alternating larger and smaller cusps intercalated between them. There are roughly 127 teeth per row (
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N</emphasis>
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= 5; Table
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<tableCitation captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Museum catalog numbers for specimens used in genetic analysis with numbers of specimens from which shell measurements, reproductive anatomy and radular morphology were obtained. Catalog numbers (BPBM) are for lots from which specimens were sequenced (N = number of individuals sequenced from each lot)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D193152D554D4A4E5C1BFC4418311F43" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableUuid="D193152D554D4A4E5C1BFC4418311F43">2</tableCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution and ecology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="E. Smith" authorityYear="1873" class="Gastropoda" family="Achatinellidae" genus="Auriculella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Auriculella perpusilla" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="perpusilla">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Auriculella perpusilla</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is endemic to
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Oahu’s">Oahu's</normalizedToken>
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Koolau Mountain Range (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Distributional map of Auriculella spp. A Auriculella auricula B Auriculella minuta C Auriculella perpusilla D Auriculella perversa E Auriculella tenella and F Auriculella gagneorum sp. nov. Dark grey circle = historical; light grey triangle = since 2010." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.50669.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/432892" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1C</figureCitation>
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), recorded from across the range at elevations of 61 m to 1066 m. The species is arboreal and found on vegetation, including:
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Hillebr" authorityYear="1888" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Phyllanthaceae" genus="Antidesma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Antidesma pulvinatum" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pulvinatum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Antidesma pulvinatum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Cordyline" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cordyline fruticosa" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fruticosa">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cordyline fruticosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Freycinetia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Freycinetia arborea" order="Pandanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arborea">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Freycinetia arborea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Kadua" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kadua affinis" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="affinis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Kadua affinis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Burmanniaceae" genus="Lobelia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lobelia" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lobelia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp.,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Metrosideros" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Metrosideros polymorpha" order="Myrtales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="polymorpha">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Metrosideros polymorpha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Primulaceae" genus="Myrsine" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Myrsine" order="Ericales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Myrsine</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Psidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Psidium guajava" order="Myrtales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="guajava">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Psidium guajava</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Psychotria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Psychotria kaduana" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kaduana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Psychotria kaduana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Syzygium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Syzygium sandwicense" order="Myrtales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sandwicense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Syzygium sandwicense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Touchardia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Touchardia latifolia" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="latifolia">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Touchardia latifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and on unspecified ferns, tree trunks, and dead leaves. Recent observations are restricted to Tantalus (southern Koolau Mountains; Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Distributional map of Auriculella spp. A Auriculella auricula B Auriculella minuta C Auriculella perpusilla D Auriculella perversa E Auriculella tenella and F Auriculella gagneorum sp. nov. Dark grey circle = historical; light grey triangle = since 2010." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.50669.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/432892" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">No holotype was designated in the original description which included a single figure and provided a single set of measurements: height 4 mm width 2 ⅔ mm. The shell donated by Gulick is MCZ 39912 and is labeled holotype. Pilsbry and Cooke (1915: 91) indicated that only a single shell existed; "The single specimen collected by Mr. Gulick and described by Mr. Smith, is unfortunately broken." Consequently, MCZ 39912 is the holotype by monotypy.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Unlike
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. minuta" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="minuta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. minuta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. perpusilla" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="perpusilla">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. perpusilla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is sinistral and the columella does not bear an axially oriented ridge like the one found in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. perversa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="perversa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. perversa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The palatal lamella is smooth and not undulate like
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. gagneorum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="gagneorum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. gagneorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. The epiphallus is long unlike the poorly defined epiphallus of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. perversa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="perversa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. perversa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or the short but well-defined epiphallus of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. minuta" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="minuta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. minuta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. gagneorum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="gagneorum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. gagneorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. The appendix narrows abruptly at approximately ⅓ its length unlike
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. gagneorum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="gagneorum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. gagneorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |