196 lines
19 KiB
XML
196 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.143.2075" ID-GBIF-Dataset="718cdf1f-ce26-44fd-a822-381cb8f5605b" ID-PMC="PMC3208533" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-143-47" ID-PubMed="22144866" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2011" ModsDocID="1313-2970-143-47" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 143" ModsDocTitle="The genus Anthia Weber in the Republic of South Africa, Identification, distribution, biogeography, and behavior (Coleoptera, Carabidae)" checkinTime="1451249721601" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Mawdsley, Jonathan R., Erwin, Terry L., Sithole, Hendrik, Mawdsley, James L. & Mawdsley, Alice S." docDate="2011" docId="514A23F4FFF7DB9C499567AC73F4D8FA" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 143: 47-81" docOrigin="ZooKeys 143" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.143.2075" docTitle="Anthia thoracica Thunberg 1784" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="52" masterDocId="6050B464FFE1D36FAE76CE32FF60532B" masterDocTitle="The genus Anthia Weber in the Republic of South Africa, Identification, distribution, biogeography, and behavior (Coleoptera, Carabidae)" masterLastPageNumber="81" masterPageNumber="47" pageNumber="51" updateTime="1668152558385" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The genus Anthia Weber in the Republic of South Africa, Identification, distribution, biogeography, and behavior (Coleoptera, Carabidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Mawdsley, Jonathan R.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Erwin, Terry L.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Sithole, Hendrik</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Mawdsley, James L.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Mawdsley, Alice S.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2011</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>143</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>47</mods:start>
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<mods:end>81</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.143.2075</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.143.2075</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-143-47</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152031832" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:514A23F4FFF7DB9C499567AC73F4D8FA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/514A23F4FFF7DB9C499567AC73F4D8FA" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="51" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="51">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Anthia_thoracica" authority="Thunberg, 1784" authorityName="Thunberg" authorityYear="1784" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Anthia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anthia thoracica" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thoracica">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="51" start="start">Anthia</pageBreakToken>
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thoracica (Thunberg, 1784)
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</taxonomicName>
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Figures 13-11283236
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="51" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="51">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Carabus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carabus thoracicus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thoracicus">Carabus thoracicus</taxonomicName>
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Thunberg (1784:69).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="51">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Carabus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carabus fimbriatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fimbriatus">Carabus fimbriatus</taxonomicName>
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Thunberg (1784:70); synonymized by Dejean (1825:340).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="51">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Anthia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anthia portentosa" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="portentosa">Anthia portentosa</taxonomicName>
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Dohrn (1882:246); synonymized by Obst (1901:285).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="51">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Anthia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anthia thoracica" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thoracica">Anthia thoracica</taxonomicName>
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var. stigmodera
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Péringuey">Peringuey</normalizedToken>
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(1896:375); synonymized by Csiki (1929:379).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="51">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Anthia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anthia dohrni" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dohrni">Anthia dohrni</taxonomicName>
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Rousseau (1905:8); synonymized by Csiki (1929:379).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="51" type="type locality">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="51">Type Locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="51">"Capite bonae spei" (= Cape of Good Hope).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="51" type="type depository">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="51">Type Depository.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="51">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Carabus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carabus thoracicus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thoracicus">Carabus thoracicus</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Carabus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carabus fimbriatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fimbriatus">Carabus fimbriatus</taxonomicName>
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, Uppsala University, Museum of Evolution, Zoology Section;
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Anthia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anthia portentosa" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="portentosa">Anthia portentosa</taxonomicName>
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, formerly in the Museum
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<normalizedToken originalValue="für">fuer</normalizedToken>
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Naturkunde Stettin, and apparently lost in World War II;
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Anthia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anthia thoracica" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thoracica">Anthia thoracica</taxonomicName>
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var. stigmodera, South African Museum, Iziko Museums of Cape Town.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="51" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="51">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="51">
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Easily separated from sympatric species of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Anthia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anthia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Anthia</taxonomicName>
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by the large round or ovate patches of yellow or brown setae on the lateral flanges of the pronotum.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Anthia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anthia thoracica" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thoracica">Anthia thoracica</taxonomicName>
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is the most widespread species of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Anthia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anthia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Anthia</taxonomicName>
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in South Africa and although adults are usually encountered singly, the species can be locally abundant.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="51">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="51">Body size massive, length of male (exclusive of mandibles) 46.8-52.8 mm, length of female 40.5-50.3 mm. Integument black.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="51">Head elongate, prognathous. Mandibles elongate and sickle-shaped in male, short and stout in female. Male mandibles asymmetrical, with left mandible more markedly recurved than right. Length of right mandible in male 9.9-14.7 mm. Palpi elongate, slender, terminal segment securiform. Antennae elongate, antennomeres 1-3 and the base of 4 with small white reclinate setae dorsally; antennomeres 5-11 with brown pubescence. Eyes small, moderately convex. Frons markedly impressed, with fine scattered round punctures and an irregular median tubercle. Vertex smooth, with small scattered round punctures.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">
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Pronotum cordiform, with broad lateral flanges, distinctly broader than head in both sexes. Two well-defined round or oval patches of short reclinate yellow setae present, one patch on each of the lateral flanges of the pronotum. Pronotum in male with large longitudinal median impression and with two large basal flanges projecting over base of elytra, lateral margins of flanges markedly elevated, apical margins oblique. Pronotum in female markedly impressed medially, lacking basal flanges but with two large, broad tubercles at base. Pronotal surface rugosely punctate medially, smooth with scattered small round punctures otherwise. Scutellum triangular, small and nearly obsolete. Elytra ovate, moderately convex. Elytral surface smooth, with 8 linear striate interneurs (feebly impressed or nearly obsolete in South African specimens) and scattered small round punctures. Elytral disc with short, scattered brown setae. Lateral
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<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="52" start="start">margins</pageBreakToken>
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of elytra with a well-defined band of short white reclinate setae. Femora large, massive, with large round punctures. Tibiae elongate, slender, with lateral carinae, protibiae with antennal cleaner notch and a single stout subtending seta, meso-and meta-tibiae thickened at end, with dense reclinate brown setae towards apices and an apical setal fringe, tibial spurs 1-2-2. Tarsi stout, densely setose, protarsi in male broadly expanded, with comb-like setae ventrally.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="52">Abdomen convex, shining, with numerous small round punctures and transverse wrinkles, especially towards lateral margin of ventrites. Apex of sternum VII feebly emarginate in male and broadly rounded in female. Male aedeagus stout, thick (Figure 28).</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
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Figures 3-11. Six adult males (3-8) and three adult females (9-11) of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Anthia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anthia thoracica" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thoracica">Anthia thoracica</taxonomicName>
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(Thunberg), showing variation in male mandible length, in the size of the pronotal flanges in males, and in body size in both sexes. 3 male, Willowmore, Eastern Cape Province, RSA, NMNH 4 male, Lichtenburg, North West Province, RSA, TMSA 5 male, Queenstown, Eastern Cape Province, RSA, NMNH 6 male, Thabina, Gauteng Province, RSA, TMSA 7 male, Bushbuckridge, Mpumalanga Province, RSA, TMSA 8 male, Lichtenburg, North West Province, RSA, NMNH 9 female, Farm Alfa, Mpumalanga Province, RSA, TMSA 10 female, vic. Hazyview, Mpumalanga Province, RSA, NMNH 11 female, Bothaville, Free State Province, RSA, TMSA.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="52" type="variation">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="52">Variation.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="52">Males exhibit considerable variation in the size and length of mandibles and in the size of the basal flange on the pronotum (Figures 3-8). Females also exhibit some variability in overall body size (Figures 9-11).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="52" type="adult activity patterns">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="52">Adult activity patterns.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="52">Unimodal, with greatest activity from October to March (Figure 36).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="52" type="material examined">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="52">Material Examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
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164 pinned adult specimens from the following localities: Republic of South Africa: Eastern Cape Province: Algoa Bay, Despatch, Grahamstown, Port Elizabeth, Port St. Johns, Queenstown, Willowmore. Free State Province: Bothaville, Hendrik Verwoerd Dam, Krugersdrift Dam, Vanwyksfontein Farm, Winburg. Gauteng Province: Boksburg, Cullinan, Florida, Heidelberg, Johannesburg, Pienaars River, Pretoria, Thabina, Valhalla, Zoutpan Pta. KwaZulu-Natal Province: Hluhluwe, Ndumu, Pongola River, "E. Zululand,"
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“Zululand.”">"Zululand."</normalizedToken>
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Limpopo Province: Groblersdal, Leydsdorp, Messina, Mogaladi, Mokeetse, Pietersberg, 20-26 miles NE of Pietersberg, Pumbe Sands, Shilouvane, Shingwedzi, Warm Baths, Zebediela, Zoutpansberg. Mpumalanga Province: Barberton, Bushbuckridge, Farm Alfa, Elands River/Middelburg, Groot draai on the Olifants River, Hazyview, vic. Hazyview, Malelane, Nelspruit, Numbi Gate,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="N’waswitshaka">N'waswitshaka</normalizedToken>
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Research Camp, Skukuza, Stolsnek,Waterval pass, Waterval river pass. Northern Cape Province: De Aar, Kimberley. North West Province: Hartebeespoort Dam, Lichtenburg, Mafeking, Rustenburg, 14 miles E Ventersdorp. Western Cape Province: Cape of Good Hope, Cape Town, Dendron. [Additional material was examined from Botswana, Mozambique, Namibia, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe.]
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="52" type="notes on taxonomy">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="52">Notes on Taxonomy.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Carabus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carabus thoracicus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thoracicus">Carabus thoracicus</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Carabus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carabus fimbriatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fimbriatus">Carabus fimbriatus</taxonomicName>
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are the names given by Thunberg in the same paper to male and female specimens of the present species, a fact which was first noted by
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<bibRefCitation pageId="5" pageNumber="52">Dejean (1825)</bibRefCitation>
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. The name
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Carabus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carabus thoracicus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thoracicus">Carabus thoracicus</taxonomicName>
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has page priority and was selected by
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<bibRefCitation pageId="5" pageNumber="52">Dejean (1825)</bibRefCitation>
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as the valid name for the species.
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<bibRefCitation author="Dohrn, CA" journalOrPublisher="Entomologische Zeitung" pageId="28" pageNumber="75" pagination="245 - 259" title="Exotisches." volume="43" year="1882">Dohrn (1882)</bibRefCitation>
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described a form of this species with slender elytra from South Africa under the name
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Anthia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anthia portentosa" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="portentosa">Anthia portentosa</taxonomicName>
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. Because the name
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Anthia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anthia portentosa" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="portentosa">Anthia portentosa</taxonomicName>
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was already occupied,
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<bibRefCitation pageId="5" pageNumber="52">Rousseau (1905)</bibRefCitation>
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in the Genera Insectorum proposed the replacement name
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Anthia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anthia dohrni" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dohrni">Anthia dohrni</taxonomicName>
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. However, no replacement name is needed, as individuals with slender elytra occur throughout the range of the species and thus
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Anthia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anthia portentosa" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="portentosa">Anthia portentosa</taxonomicName>
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Dohrn should simply be treated as a synonym of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Anthia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anthia thoracica" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thoracica">Anthia thoracica</taxonomicName>
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. The name
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Anthia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anthia thoracica" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thoracica">Anthia thoracica</taxonomicName>
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var. stigmodera was a manuscript name of
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Chaudoir’s">Chaudoir's</normalizedToken>
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which
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Péringuey">Peringuey</normalizedToken>
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published in 1896; it refers to a form of this species in which the elytral interneurs are more markedly impressed.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |