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<document id="AE846DC3F52E7D381E22534A0F147A90" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.282.3.6" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13649762" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1725380261627" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Geethakumary, M. P., Pandurangan, A. G., Ravichandran, P. &amp; Deepu, S." docDate="2016" docId="03A86024FFB6FFF0FF58FF13D8E9FA57" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.282.3.6.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 282 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.282.3.6" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.13:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="13" docTitle="Exacum idukkianum Geethakumary, Pandurangan, Ravichandran &amp; Deepu 2016, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="228" masterDocId="FF91185CFFB7FFF3FFD0FFE7D833FF9E" masterDocTitle="A new species of Exacum (Gentianaceae) from Western Ghats, India" masterLastPageNumber="229" masterPageNumber="225" pageNumber="226" updateTime="1725389198138" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
<mods:mods id="B1A90ACA5EA10ED28211E1077DED7F65" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="25A26B1E189B97C909E99818DBC3945A">
<mods:title id="19A66781E78362FAC056AC05861C48B4">A new species of Exacum (Gentianaceae) from Western Ghats, India</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="806615425B936325B676FF0123DDF6AE" type="personal">
<mods:role id="328AEAD942C8795F0274F50A1CC28C68">
<mods:roleTerm id="34BBFF0F098D55E6BBB9FF9A17201A52">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="8B30C9472ABE7324D2115CF605A2E652">Geethakumary, M. P.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="F43B4B34795DFBB3EF77DF1EA277B921">Plant Systematics and Evolutionary Science Division, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Palode, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India - 695 562</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:role id="FEABB3596662F884C8535250283081BA">
<mods:roleTerm id="4F576581DF69DE586468D0226330D15E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="FAF5881D9EE0FC499435CC91EBB3A00E">Pandurangan, A. G.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="432E13EDE68A8557F422DA5FE3B958DB">Plant Systematics and Evolutionary Science Division, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Palode, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India - 695 562</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name id="3E43EE69472225FD5B170D991A3FB897" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="524057176A669B384F3BBAB1B9A96B4E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="4676374CA6A6A9DC82889567D3055B73">Ravichandran, P.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="CB7B6DEED2815927EBB91093061EB349">Department of Plant Science, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi - 627 412, Tamil Nadu, India</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="7AA4CDACD3442B8880621B4AAF7269BF" type="personal">
<mods:role id="C0F2FCED5F528403227CFAD107ECB818">
<mods:roleTerm id="C1BE6355A284DDF59267EB1DA3F22F32">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="75B980F256F3B9F83A9F1DD56A4FE5D0">Deepu, S.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="1D96E22870423991DE932296B04A6A3E">Plant Systematics and Evolutionary Science Division, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Palode, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India - 695 562</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="05CF6CAF67AF2E82402FA078DC3C60CA">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="34BFBDE61DF03F912CC3CDB1AD539C91">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="4F46915286C11311FCB28A9F503789B4">
<mods:date id="C37B84F64F90B980B93EB32D81F1BCA5">2016</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="D078E405F90AE51FD9B2203E2A62934A" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="7A8440A2EBD79264A0E603E3323972E4">2016-10-28</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="1399109FB4E8EF642E870D9A2839C092">282</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="BD31A450B22433768F8BBA16ECE794FD">3</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="460DF5C216FA678DA52D0ED3A16F492B">225</mods:start>
<mods:end id="FAC935EE43A8BA2E47438B861706ADBB">229</mods:end>
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<mods:url id="71C845E209534BC2CAC553007C00BE8D">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.282.3.6</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="C346BCFF182E612F0469EC4E9F005932">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="CCABE4982660871A552C7B49C1BE06ED" type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.282.3.6</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="DA153A8194BCD1758071B5092A293FDA" type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="AF2A7141BE75500D8352446E8794B1E9" type="Zenodo-Dep">13649762</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03A86024FFB6FFF0FF58FF13D8E9FA57" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13649766" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13649766" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A86024FFB6FFF0FF58FF13D8E9FA57" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A86024FFB6FFF0FF58FF13D8E9FA57" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="228" pageId="1" pageNumber="226">
<subSubSection id="C31B82B9FFB6FFF2FF58FF13DCA8FE91" box="[136,1179,244,271]" pageId="1" pageNumber="226" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BBED132FFB6FFF2FF58FF13DCA8FE91" blockId="1.[136,1179,244,271]" box="[136,1179,244,271]" pageId="1" pageNumber="226">
<heading id="D0F6665EFFB6FFF2FF58FF13DCA8FE91" box="[136,1179,244,271]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="226" reason="3">
<taxonomicName id="4C01AAB1FFB6FFF2FF58FF13DBECFE91" ID-CoL="3DJCS" authority="Geethakumary, Pandurangan, Ravichandran &amp; Deepu" authorityName="Geethakumary, Pandurangan, Ravichandran &amp; Deepu" authorityYear="2016" box="[136,991,244,271]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gentianaceae" genus="Exacum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="1" pageNumber="226" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="idukkianum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9750D20FFB6FFF2FF58FF13D94FFE91" bold="true" box="[136,380,244,271]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="226">Exacum idukkianum</emphasis>
Geethakumary, Pandurangan, Ravichandran &amp; Deepu
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A246B05BFFB6FFF2FC3AFF11DC73FE91" box="[1002,1088,246,271]" pageId="1" pageNumber="226" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B9750D20FFB6FFF2FC3AFF11DC0AFE91" box="[1002,1081,246,271]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="226">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<figureCitation id="133ACDB7FFB6FFF2FB80FF11DCA3FE91" box="[1104,1168,246,271]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,229,1921,1942]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,209,1896]" captionTargetId="figure-18@2.[151,1436,209,1896]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Exacum idukkianum sp. nov. A. Habit (a. Terete stem, b. Flowering twig), B. Flower (a, b. star shaped, greenish-yellow floral guides), C. Flower bud, D. Calyx split open, E. Corolla split open with stamens and pistil, F. Petal, G. Stamens (g. Papilla), H. Pistil, I. Fruit (from M.P.Geethakumary 74301, photos by S. Deepu)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13649764" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13649764/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="226">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
)
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31B82B9FFB6FFF2FF58FEA7DC01FC41" pageId="1" pageNumber="226" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BBED132FFB6FFF2FF58FEA7DB2FFEE7" blockId="1.[136,1451,319,377]" pageId="1" pageNumber="226">
<materialsCitation id="3B69DB6FFFB6FFF2FF58FEA7DB2BFEE7" collectingDate="2012-09-24" collectionCode="M, P, MH" country="India" county="Type" elevation="1857" latitude="77.18772" location="Anamudi Shola" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="10.1905" municipality="Idukki Distr." pageId="1" pageNumber="226" specimenCode="TBGT 32124, TBGT 32125" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Kerala" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCounty id="62DFA9BEFFB6FFF2FF58FEA7D889FECB" box="[136,186,320,341]" pageId="1" pageNumber="226">Type</collectingCounty>
:—
<collectingCountry id="F31691A2FFB6FFF2FF07FEA7D92DFECB" box="[215,286,320,341]" name="India" pageId="1" pageNumber="226">INDIA</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="49C51FD0FFB6FFF2FEF7FEA7D95AFECB" box="[295,361,320,341]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="1" pageNumber="226">Kerala</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BDA4B48FFB6FFF2FEA4FEA7D9C1FECB" box="[372,498,320,341]" pageId="1" pageNumber="226">Idukki Distr.</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EDE87E9FFB6FFF2FE2AFEA7DAA0FECB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A86024FFB6FFF0FF58FF13D8E9FA57:8EDE87E9FFB6FFF2FE2AFEA7DAA0FECB" box="[506,659,320,341]" country="India" county="Type" latitude="77.18772" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="10.1905" municipality="Idukki Distr." name="Anamudi Shola" pageId="1" pageNumber="226" stateProvince="Kerala">Anamudi Shola</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE35B7F5FFB6FFF2FD4EFEA7DB2CFECB" box="[670,799,319,341]" degrees="10" direction="east" minutes="11" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="226" precision="1" seconds="25.8" value="10.1905">
10
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11
<emphasis id="B9750D20FFB6FFF2FD04FEA7DAEAFECB" bold="true" box="[724,729,320,341]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="226">′</emphasis>
25.8
<emphasis id="B9750D20FFB6FFF2FCD3FEA7DB3DFECB" bold="true" box="[771,782,320,341]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="226">′′</emphasis>
E
</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE35B7F5FFB6FFF2FCF9FEA7DB89FECB" box="[809,954,319,341]" degrees="77" direction="north" minutes="11" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="226" precision="1" seconds="15.8" value="77.18772">
77
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11
<emphasis id="B9750D20FFB6FFF2FCB6FEA7DB58FECB" bold="true" box="[870,875,320,341]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="226">′</emphasis>
15.8
<emphasis id="B9750D20FFB6FFF2FC4CFEA7DB94FECB" bold="true" box="[924,935,320,341]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="226">′′</emphasis>
N
</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CF97CD7FFB6FFF2FC15FEA7DC22FECB" box="[965,1041,320,341]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.857" pageId="1" pageNumber="226" unit="m" value="1857.0">
<elevation id="002C3601FFB6FFF2FC15FEA7DC22FECB" box="[965,1041,320,341]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.857" pageId="1" pageNumber="226" unit="m" value="1857.0">1857 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="FFBFF7F2FFB6FFF2FBCBFEA7DCE9FECB" box="[1051,1242,320,341]" pageId="1" pageNumber="226" value="2012-09-24">
<collectingDate id="EFFB0E1AFFB6FFF2FBCBFEA7DCE9FECB" box="[1051,1242,320,341]" pageId="1" pageNumber="226" value="2012-09-24">24 September 2012</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="B9750D20FFB6FFF2FB35FEA7D8CAFEE7" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="226">
<collectionCode id="ED1049F7FFB6FFF2FB35FEA7DCCFFECB" box="[1253,1276,320,341]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15637" name="Botanische Staatssammlung München" pageId="1" pageNumber="226" type="Herbarium">M</collectionCode>
.
<collectionCode id="ED1049F7FFB6FFF2FAD6FEA7DD26FECB" box="[1286,1301,320,341]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="1" pageNumber="226" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
. Geethakumary 74301
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="54BA6F90FFB6FFF2FED6FE83D96FFEE7" box="[262,348,356,377]" pageId="1" pageNumber="226" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
<specimenCode id="DBA77949FFB6FFF2FEB1FE83D9DAFEE7" box="[353,489,356,377]" collectionCode="TBGT" country="India" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14234" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14234" name="Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute" pageId="1" pageNumber="226" type="Herbarium">TBGT 32124</specimenCode>
!;
<typeStatus id="54BA6F90FFB6FFF2FE26FE83DA76FEE7" box="[502,581,356,377]" pageId="1" pageNumber="226" type="isotype">isotypes</typeStatus>
<specimenCode id="DBA77949FFB6FFF2FD9AFE83DAE2FEE7" box="[586,721,356,377]" collectionCode="TBGT" country="India" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14234" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14234" name="Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute" pageId="1" pageNumber="226" type="Herbarium">TBGT 32125</specimenCode>
!,
<collectionCode id="ED1049F7FFB6FFF2FD0EFE83DB3EFEE7" box="[734,781,356,377]" country="Switzerland" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Basel" pageId="1" pageNumber="226">MH</collectionCode>
!)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBED132FFB6FFF2FF58FE4DDA95FC25" blockId="1.[136,1452,426,991]" pageId="1" pageNumber="226">
Perennial
<emphasis id="B9750D20FFB6FFF2FF2BFE4DD90AFE5D" box="[251,313,426,451]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="226">herbs</emphasis>
, to
<quantity id="4CF97CD7FFB6FFF2FEB8FE4DD999FE5D" box="[360,426,426,451]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="226" unit="m" value="2.5">2.5 m</quantity>
tall; branched at the upper part of the stem.
<emphasis id="B9750D20FFB6FFF2FC7CFE4DDBD1FE5D" box="[940,994,426,451]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="226">Stem</emphasis>
terete at base, sharply 4-angular above.
<emphasis id="B9750D20FFB6FFF2FF58FE29D8E5FE79" box="[136,214,462,487]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="226">Leaves</emphasis>
subsessile, elliptic to ovate lanceolate, 3–9.5 ×
<quantity id="4CF97CD7FFB6FFF2FCDAFE29DB4AFE79" box="[778,889,462,487]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="226" unit="cm" value="1.75" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="1.0">1–2.5 cm</quantity>
, membraneous, glabrous, green, base cuneate to attenuate, margin faintly undulate, apex long acute, (3–)5 veined, veins diverging from base of the lamina with (3–)5 secondary veins on each side of midrib, abaxially prominent. Inflorescence terminal or axillary, dichasial cymes, 3.0– 4.5 ×
<quantity id="4CF97CD7FFB6FFF2FF1AFDDDD97FFDCD" box="[202,332,570,595]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="5.5" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="226" unit="cm" value="5.0" valueMax="5.5" valueMin="4.5">4.5–5.5 cm</quantity>
; peduncles
<quantity id="4CF97CD7FFB6FFF2FE00FDDDDA0AFDCD" box="[464,569,570,595]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="226" unit="cm" value="3.25" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.5">2.5–4 cm</quantity>
long; pedicels
<quantity id="4CF97CD7FFB6FFF2FD36FDDDDB09FDCD" box="[742,826,570,595]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="226" unit="cm" value="2.0" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.0">1–3 cm</quantity>
long, enlarging in fruit, often drooping.
<emphasis id="B9750D20FFB6FFF2FAD5FDDDDD75FDCD" box="[1285,1350,570,595]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="226">Calyx</emphasis>
5-lobed; tube broadly campanulate, 3–5 ×
<quantity id="4CF97CD7FFB6FFF2FDD0FDB9DA5DFDE9" box="[512,622,606,631]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="226" unit="mm" value="9.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="8.0">8–10 mm</quantity>
; lobes narrow,
<quantity id="4CF97CD7FFB6FFF2FCC8FDB9DB58FDE9" box="[792,875,606,631]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="226" unit="cm" value="4.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="3.0">3–6 cm</quantity>
long, tapering to long point at the apex, truncate to subcordate or in fruit cordate at the base, winged; wings
<emphasis id="B9750D20FFB6FFF2FCC4FD65DB1DFD05" box="[788,814,642,667]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="226">ca</emphasis>
.
<quantity id="4CF97CD7FFB6FFF2FCEEFD65DBB3FD05" box="[830,896,642,667]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="226" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
broad, accrescent in fruit, with prominent veins.
<emphasis id="B9750D20FFB6FFF2FF58FD41D8EDFD21" box="[136,222,678,703]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="226">Corolla</emphasis>
tube
<emphasis id="B9750D20FFB6FFF2FEF1FD41D908FD21" box="[289,315,678,703]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="226">ca</emphasis>
.
<quantity id="4CF97CD7FFB6FFF2FE9CFD41D9BCFD21" box="[332,399,678,703]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="226" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
long, green; lobes 5, elliptic to broadly elliptic, 2.5–3.5 ×
<quantity id="4CF97CD7FFB6FFF2FBE6FD41DC8AFD21" box="[1078,1209,678,703]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="1" pageNumber="226" unit="cm" value="1.35" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.2">1.2–1.5 cm</quantity>
, apex apiculate, long persistent in fruit but eventually deciduous, deep blue to violet, base yellowish within (at throat) and give star shaped appearance, 3-veined, veins prominent above.
<emphasis id="B9750D20FFB6FFF2FD5BFD09DADBFC99" box="[651,744,750,775]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="226">Stamens</emphasis>
5,
<quantity id="4CF97CD7FFB6FFF2FCD9FD09DB40FC99" box="[777,883,750,775]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="1" pageNumber="226" unit="mm" value="11.0" valueMax="13.0" valueMin="9.0">9–13 mm</quantity>
long; anthers narrowly rectangular,
<quantity id="4CF97CD7FFB6FFF2FAD3FD09DD5EFC99" box="[1283,1389,750,775]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="226" unit="mm" value="8.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="6.0">6–10 mm</quantity>
long, slightly wider at base, slightly curved with the convex back face, base cordate, opening by apical pores that later widen to slits to the base, with a papilla near the apex on the dorsal side; filaments
<emphasis id="B9750D20FFB6FFF2FC01FCD1DBD8FCD1" box="[977,1003,822,847]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="226">ca</emphasis>
.
<quantity id="4CF97CD7FFB6FFF2FC29FCD1DC0AFCD1" box="[1017,1081,822,847]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="226" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
long, attached at the throat of the corolla tube.
<emphasis id="B9750D20FFB6FFF2FECAFCBDD953FCED" box="[282,352,858,883]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="226">Ovary</emphasis>
ovoid,
<quantity id="4CF97CD7FFB6FFF2FE63FCBDDA3CFCED" box="[435,527,858,883]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="226" unit="mm" value="6.0" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="5.0">5–7 mm</quantity>
long; style
<quantity id="4CF97CD7FFB6FFF2FD40FCBDDB3EFCED" box="[656,781,858,883]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="1" pageNumber="226" unit="cm" value="1.6" valueMax="1.8" valueMin="1.4">1.4–1.8 cm</quantity>
long, curved, stigma capitate.
<emphasis id="B9750D20FFB6FFF2FBB1FCBDDC8EFCED" box="[1121,1213,858,883]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="226">Capsule</emphasis>
broadly ovoid,
<quantity id="4CF97CD7FFB6FFF2FABCFCBDD899FC09" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="226" unit="cm" value="1.15" valueMax="1.3" valueMin="1.0">1–1.3 cm</quantity>
long, dehiscing septicidally, 2-valved; fruiting pedicel
<emphasis id="B9750D20FFB6FFF2FCDFFC99DB1AFC09" box="[783,809,894,919]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="226">ca</emphasis>
.
<quantity id="4CF97CD7FFB6FFF2FCE7FC99DBB1FC09" box="[823,898,894,919]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="226" unit="cm" value="3.5">3.5 cm</quantity>
long, drooping; style persistent.
<emphasis id="B9750D20FFB6FFF2FB3FFC99DD1CFC09" box="[1263,1327,894,919]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="226">Seeds</emphasis>
irregularly rhomboid, angular, with shallowly sunken sides.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBED132FFB6FFF2FF6DFC21DC01FC41" blockId="1.[136,1452,426,991]" box="[189,1074,966,991]" pageId="1" pageNumber="226">
<emphasis id="B9750D20FFB6FFF2FF6DFC21D90AFC41" bold="true" box="[189,313,966,991]" pageId="1" pageNumber="226">Phenology</emphasis>
:— Flowering and fruiting was observed from August to December.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF7E81BAFFB6FFF2FF58FBF7DC62FBBB" box="[136,1105,1040,1061]" pageId="1" pageNumber="226" startId="1.[136,216,1040,1061]" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="8BBED132FFB6FFF2FF58FBF7DC62FBBB" blockId="1.[136,1105,1040,1061]" box="[136,1105,1040,1061]" pageId="1" pageNumber="226">
<emphasis id="B9750D20FFB6FFF2FF58FBF7D8C3FBBB" bold="true" box="[136,240,1040,1061]" pageId="1" pageNumber="226">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Morphological comparison of diagnostic characters of
<taxonomicName id="4C01AAB1FFB6FFF2FCD4FBF7DBBCFBBB" authorityName="Geethakumary, Pandurangan, Ravichandran &amp; Deepu" authorityYear="2016" box="[772,911,1040,1061]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gentianaceae" genus="Exacum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="1" pageNumber="226" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="idukkianum">
<emphasis id="B9750D20FFB6FFF2FCD4FBF7DBBCFBBB" box="[772,911,1040,1061]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="226">E. idukkianum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C01AAB1FFB6FFF2FC6DFBF7DC7EFBBB" authorityName="W. Arnott" authorityYear="1839" box="[957,1101,1040,1061]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gentianaceae" genus="Exacum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="1" pageNumber="226" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wightianum">E. wightianum</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BBED132FFB6FFF2FF47FBDCDC13F90A" pageId="1" pageNumber="226">
<table id="F9012392FFB6000CFF47FBDDDDB8F90A" box="[151,1419,1082,1684]" gridcols="3" gridrows="8" pageId="1" pageNumber="226">
<tr id="3531D370FFB6000CFF47FBDDDDB8FBCE" box="[151,1419,1082,1104]" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="226">
<th id="76E0BA0CFFB6000CFF47FBDDD92BFBCE" box="[151,280,1082,1104]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="226">
<emphasis id="B9750D20FFB6FFF2FF47FBDCD939FBCE" bold="true" box="[151,266,1083,1104]" pageId="1" pageNumber="226">Characters</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76E0BA0CFFB6000CFE4FFBDDDB40FBCE" box="[415,883,1082,1104]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="226">
<taxonomicName id="4C01AAB1FFB6FFF2FE4FFBDCDA5CFBCE" authorityName="W. Arnott" authorityYear="1839" box="[415,623,1082,1104]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gentianaceae" genus="Exacum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="1" pageNumber="226" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wightianum">
<emphasis id="B9750D20FFB6FFF2FE4FFBDCDA5CFBCE" bold="true" box="[415,623,1082,1104]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="226">Exacum wightianum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76E0BA0CFFB6000CFC45FBDDDDB8FBCE" box="[917,1419,1082,1104]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="226">
<taxonomicName id="4C01AAB1FFB6FFF2FC45FBDCDC55FBCE" authority="Habit" authorityName="Habit" box="[917,1126,1082,1104]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gentianaceae" genus="Exacum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="1" pageNumber="226" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="idukkianum">
<emphasis id="B9750D20FFB6FFF2FC45FBDCDC55FBCE" bold="true" box="[917,1126,1082,1104]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="226">Exacum idukkianum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="3531D370FFB6000CFF47FB8DDDB8FB3D" box="[151,1419,1130,1187]" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="226">
<th id="76E0BA0CFFB6000CFF47FB8DD92BFB3D" box="[151,280,1130,1187]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="226">Habit</th>
<td id="76E0BA0CFFB6000CFE4FFB8DDB40FB3D" box="[415,883,1130,1187]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="226">Erecto-patent Herbs, to 1 m tall, non-woody at base</td>
<td id="76E0BA0CFFB6000CFC45FB8DDDB8FB3D" box="[917,1419,1130,1187]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="226">Erect herbs, to 2.5 m tall, suffrutescent, woody at base</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3531D370FFB6000CFF47FB5ADDB8FB4C" box="[151,1419,1213,1234]" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="226">
<th id="76E0BA0CFFB6000CFF47FB5AD92BFB4C" box="[151,280,1213,1234]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="226">Stem</th>
<td id="76E0BA0CFFB6000CFE4FFB5ADB40FB4C" box="[415,883,1213,1234]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="226">Quadrangular, 4-winged</td>
<td id="76E0BA0CFFB6000CFC45FB5ADDB8FB4C" box="[917,1419,1213,1234]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="226">Quadrangular, terete at the base, not winged</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3531D370FFB6000CFF47FB0CDDB8FABA" box="[151,1419,1259,1316]" gridrow="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="226">
<th id="76E0BA0CFFB6000CFF47FB0CD92BFABA" box="[151,280,1259,1316]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="226">Leaves</th>
<td id="76E0BA0CFFB6000CFE4FFB0CDB40FABA" box="[415,883,1259,1316]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="226">Cordate at base; with 1–2(–3) secondary veins on each side of midrib</td>
<td id="76E0BA0CFFB6000CFC45FB0CDDB8FABA" box="[917,1419,1259,1316]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="226">Cuneate to attenuate at base, with (1–)2 secondary veins on each side of midrib</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3531D370FFB6000CFF47FAD9DDB8FA05" box="[151,1419,1342,1435]" gridrow="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="226">
<th id="76E0BA0CFFB6000CFF47FAD9D92BFA05" box="[151,280,1342,1435]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="226">Calyx lobes</th>
<td id="76E0BA0CFFB6000CFE4FFAD9DB40FA05" box="[415,883,1342,1435]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="226">8–17 mm long, truncate to subcordate at base, gradually narrowing to the apex, fruiting calyx without prominent veins</td>
<td id="76E0BA0CFFB6000CFC45FAD9DDB8FA05" box="[917,1419,1342,1435]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="226">30–60 mm long, subcordate at base, abruptly long acuminate, fruiting calyx with prominent veins</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3531D370FFB6000CFF47FA52DDB8FA70" box="[151,1419,1461,1518]" gridrow="5" pageId="1" pageNumber="226">
<th id="76E0BA0CFFB6000CFF47FA52D92BFA70" box="[151,280,1461,1518]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="1" pageNumber="226">Corolla lobes</th>
<td id="76E0BA0CFFB6000CFE4FFA52DB40FA70" box="[415,883,1461,1518]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="1" pageNumber="226">Obtuse to usually acute at apex, veins not prominent</td>
<td id="76E0BA0CFFB6000CFC45FA52DDB8FA70" box="[917,1419,1461,1518]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="1" pageNumber="226">Apiculate at apex, veins prominent</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3531D370FFB6000CFF47F9EFDDB8F9FB" box="[151,1419,1544,1637]" gridrow="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="226">
<th id="76E0BA0CFFB6000CFF47F9EFD92BF9FB" box="[151,280,1544,1637]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="226">Anther</th>
<td id="76E0BA0CFFB6000CFE4FF9EFDB40F9FB" box="[415,883,1544,1637]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="226">Linear to narrowly ovate, 3–7 mm long, straight, truncate base, with broad distinct papilla</td>
<td id="76E0BA0CFFB6000CFC45F9EFDDB8F9FB" box="[917,1419,1544,1637]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="226">Narrowly rectangular, 7–10 mm long, slightly wider at base, slightly curved with the convex back face, cordate base, with distinct papilla</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3531D370FFB6000CFF47F998DDB8F90A" box="[151,1419,1663,1684]" gridrow="7" pageId="1" pageNumber="226">
<th id="76E0BA0CFFB6000CFF47F998D92BF90A" box="[151,280,1663,1684]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="1" pageNumber="226">Capsule</th>
<td id="76E0BA0CFFB6000CFE4FF998DB40F90A" box="[415,883,1663,1684]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="1" pageNumber="226">Ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid</td>
<td id="76E0BA0CFFB6000CFC45F998DDB8F90A" box="[917,1419,1663,1684]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="1" pageNumber="226">Broadly ovoid</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="C31B82B9FFB6FFF2FF6DF915DDA7F8CD" pageId="1" pageNumber="226" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BBED132FFB6FFF2FF6DF915DDA7F8CD" blockId="1.[136,1452,1778,2091]" pageId="1" pageNumber="226">
<emphasis id="B9750D20FFB6FFF2FF6DF915D90DF895" bold="true" box="[189,318,1778,1803]" pageId="1" pageNumber="226">Etymology</emphasis>
:— The specific epithet
<taxonomicName id="4C01AAB1FFB6FFF2FD98F915DAE4F895" box="[584,727,1778,1803]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gentianaceae" genus="Exacum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="1" pageNumber="226" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="idukkianum">
“
<emphasis id="B9750D20FFB6FFF2FD84F915DAE4F895" box="[596,727,1778,1803]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="226">idukkianum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” is derived from the name of the district, “Idukki” where the
<typeStatus id="54BA6F90FFB6FFF2FAABF915DD98F895" box="[1403,1451,1778,1803]" pageId="1" pageNumber="226">type</typeStatus>
locality is situated. Literarily Idukki means, a very narrow gauge between two mountains where the Periyar River, the second largest river in
<collectingRegion id="49C51FD0FFB6FFF2FE57F8DDD9E7F8CD" box="[391,468,1850,1875]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="1" pageNumber="226">Kerala</collectingRegion>
, passes through, and thus the area becomes a landmark in Western Ghats high ranges.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31B82B9FFB6FFF0FF6DF8B9D937FBFF" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="228" pageId="1" pageNumber="226" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BBED132FFB6FFF2FF6DF8B9D8FDF7B5" blockId="1.[136,1452,1778,2091]" pageId="1" pageNumber="226">
<emphasis id="B9750D20FFB6FFF2FF6DF8B9D9D1F8E9" bold="true" box="[189,482,1886,1911]" pageId="1" pageNumber="226">Distribution and ecology</emphasis>
:— This species grows in Shola forest margin at an altitude of
<quantity id="4CF97CD7FFB6FFF2FB46F8B9DD05F8E9" box="[1174,1334,1886,1911]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" metricValueMax="1.9" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="226" unit="m" value="1850.0" valueMax="1900.0" valueMin="1800.0">1800–1900 m</quantity>
., in
<collectingRegion id="49C51FD0FFB6FFF2FAB1F8B9D8DDF805" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="1" pageNumber="226">Kerala Province</collectingRegion>
, Western Ghats,
<collectingCountry id="F31691A2FFB6FFF2FE64F865D9C2F805" box="[436,497,1922,1947]" name="India" pageId="1" pageNumber="226">India</collectingCountry>
. The associated species include
<taxonomicName id="4C01AAB1FFB6FFF2FCB8F865D8C8F821" authority="(Linnaeus 1753: 1075) Kuhn (1879: 11)" authorityName="Kuhn" authorityPageNumber="11" authorityYear="1879" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityPageNumber="1075" baseAuthorityYear="1753" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dennstaedtiaceae" genus="Pteridium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="226" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aquilinum">
<emphasis id="B9750D20FFB6FFF2FCB8F865DC67F805" box="[872,1108,1922,1947]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="226">Pteridium aquilinum</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF90ACC3FFB6FFF2FBB5F865DD68F805" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[1125,1371,1922,1947]" pageId="1" pageNumber="226" refId="ref3136" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species Plantarum. Vol. 1. Impensis Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 560 pp." type="book" year="1753">Linnaeus 1753: 1075</bibRefCitation>
)
<bibRefCitation id="EF90ACC3FFB6FFF2FABDF865D8C8F821" author="Kuhn, F. A. M." pageId="1" pageNumber="226" refId="ref3082" refString="Kuhn, F. A. M. (1879) Cryptogamae vasculares. In: Decken, Reisen, Botanik von Ost-Afrika 3 (3): 11." type="journal volume" year="1879">Kuhn (1879:11)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C01AAB1FFB6FFF2FED5F841DB38F821" authority="Wallich (1820: 397)" authorityName="Wallich" authorityPageNumber="397" authorityYear="1820" box="[261,779,1958,1983]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Gaultheria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="1" pageNumber="226" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fragrantissima">
<emphasis id="B9750D20FFB6FFF2FED5F841DA1AF821" box="[261,553,1958,1983]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="226">Gaultheria fragrantissima</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF90ACC3FFB6FFF2FDFDF841DB38F821" author="Wallich, N" box="[557,779,1958,1983]" pageId="1" pageNumber="226" refId="ref3417" refString="Wallich, N (1820) Gaultheria fragrantissima. Descriptions of some rare Indian Plants. Asiatic Researches 13: 397." type="journal volume" year="1820">Wallich (1820:397)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C01AAB1FFB6FFF2FCC4F841DD28F821" authority="Zenker (1836: 150)" authorityName="Zenker" authorityPageNumber="150" authorityYear="1836" box="[788,1307,1958,1983]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Rhododendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="1" pageNumber="226" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nilagiricum">
<emphasis id="B9750D20FFB6FFF2FCC4F841DC72F821" box="[788,1089,1958,1983]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="226">Rhododendron nilagiricum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF90ACC3FFB6FFF2FB95F841DD28F821" author="Zenker, J. C." box="[1093,1307,1958,1983]" pageId="1" pageNumber="226" refId="ref3518" refString="Zenker, J. C. (1836) Rhododendron nilagiricum. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Botanique ser. 2 6: 150." type="journal volume" year="1836">Zenker (1836:150)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C01AAB1FFB6FFF2FAF4F841DADBF87D" authority="(J. Koenig 1788: 211) Veldkamp (2002: 559)" authorityName="Veldkamp" authorityPageNumber="559" authorityYear="2002" baseAuthorityName="J. Koenig" baseAuthorityPageNumber="211" baseAuthorityYear="1788" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Chionachne" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="1" pageNumber="226" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gigantea">
<emphasis id="B9750D20FFB6FFF2FAF4F841D8D9F87D" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="226">Chionachne gigantea</emphasis>
(J.
<bibRefCitation id="EF90ACC3FFB6FFF2FEC3F82DD9EFF87D" author="Koenig, J. G." box="[275,476,1994,2019]" pageId="1" pageNumber="226" refId="ref2941" refString="Koenig, J. G. (1788) Coix gigantea. Der Naturforscher vol 23. Hiersemann, Stuttgart, 211 pp." type="book" year="1788">Koenig 1788: 211</bibRefCitation>
)
<bibRefCitation id="EF90ACC3FFB6FFF2FE3BF82DDADBF87D" author="Veldkamp, J. F." box="[491,744,1994,2019]" pageId="1" pageNumber="226" pagination="559 - 560" refId="ref3384" refString="Veldkamp, J. F. (2002) Chionachne gigantea. In: Revision of Chionachninae (Gramineae: Andropogoneae). Blumea 47 (3): 559 - 560." type="journal article" year="2002">Veldkamp (2002: 559)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C01AAB1FFB6FFF2FD24F82DDC99F87D" authority="Gould (1972: 558)" authorityName="Gould" authorityPageNumber="558" authorityYear="1972" box="[756,1194,1994,2019]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Garnotia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="1" pageNumber="226" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="exaristata">
<emphasis id="B9750D20FFB6FFF2FD24F82DDBE2F87D" box="[756,977,1994,2019]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="226">Garnotia exaristata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF90ACC3FFB6FFF2FC08F82DDC99F87D" author="Gould, F. W." box="[984,1194,1994,2019]" pageId="1" pageNumber="226" refId="ref2831" refString="Gould, F. W. (1972) Garnotia exaristata. Kew Bulletin 27 (3): 558." type="journal volume" year="1972">Gould (1972: 558)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C01AAB1FFB6FFF2FB65F82DDA64F799" authority="(Linnaeus 1753: 902) Kuntze (1891: 304)" authorityName="Kuntze" authorityPageNumber="304" authorityYear="1891" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityPageNumber="902" baseAuthorityYear="1753" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Adenostemma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="1" pageNumber="226" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lavenia">
<emphasis id="B9750D20FFB6FFF2FB65F82DDD98F87D" box="[1205,1451,1994,2019]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="226">Adenostemma lavenia</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF90ACC3FFB6FFF2FF40F809D95CF799" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[144,367,2030,2055]" pageId="1" pageNumber="226" refId="ref3136" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species Plantarum. Vol. 1. Impensis Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 560 pp." type="book" year="1753">Linnaeus 1753: 902</bibRefCitation>
)
<bibRefCitation id="EF90ACC3FFB6FFF2FEACF809DA64F799" author="Kuntze, O." box="[380,599,2030,2055]" pageId="1" pageNumber="226" refId="ref3112" refString="Kuntze, O. (1891) Revisio Generum Plantarum, vol. 1. A. Felix, Leipzig, 304 pp." type="book" year="1891">Kuntze (1891: 304)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C01AAB1FFB6FFF2FDB1F809DC7DF799" authority="Nees (1832: 83)" authorityName="Nees" authorityPageNumber="83" authorityYear="1832" box="[609,1102,2030,2055]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Phlebophyllum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="226" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kunthianum">
<emphasis id="B9750D20FFB6FFF2FDB1F809DBA7F799" box="[609,916,2030,2055]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="226">Phlebophyllum kunthianum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF90ACC3FFB6FFF2FC4AF809DC7DF799" author="Nees von Esenbeck, C. G. D." box="[922,1102,2030,2055]" pageId="1" pageNumber="226" refId="ref3210" refString="Nees von Esenbeck, C. G. D. (1832) Phlebophyllum kunthianum. In: Wallich, N. (Ed.) Plantae Asiaticae Rariores, vol. 3. Treuttel and Wurtz, London, 83 pp." type="book" year="1832">Nees (1832: 83)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C01AAB1FFB6FFF2FB88F809D8ACF7B5" authority="Thunberg (1813: 3)" authorityName="Thunberg" authorityPageNumber="3" authorityYear="1813" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rubus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="1" pageNumber="226" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="niveus">
<emphasis id="B9750D20FFB6FFF2FB88F809DCDFF799" box="[1112,1260,2030,2055]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="226">Rubus niveus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF90ACC3FFB6FFF2FB20F809D8ACF7B5" author="Thunberg, C. P." pageId="1" pageNumber="226" refId="ref3347" refString="Thunberg, C. P. (1813) Rubus niveus. Dissertationem botanico-medicam de Rubo, vol 9. Excudebant Stenhammar et Palmblad Reg. acad. typogr., Uppsala, fig. 3." type="journal volume" year="1813">Thunberg (1813: 3)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
etc.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7E81BAFFB5FFF1FF58F866DAEAF840" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13649764" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13649764" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13649764/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="227" startId="2.[136,229,1921,1942]" targetBox="[151,1436,209,1896]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BBED132FFB5FFF1FF58F866DAEAF840" blockId="2.[136,1452,1920,2014]" pageId="2" pageNumber="227">
<emphasis id="B9750D20FFB5FFF1FF58F866D9EBF808" bold="true" box="[136,472,1920,1942]" pageId="2" pageNumber="227">
FIGURE 1.
<taxonomicName id="4C01AAB1FFB5FFF1FED6F866D9EBF808" authorityName="Geethakumary &amp; Pandurangan &amp; Ravichandran &amp; Deepu" authorityYear="2016" box="[262,472,1920,1942]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gentianaceae" genus="Exacum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="2" pageNumber="227" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="idukkianum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9750D20FFB5FFF1FED6F866D9EBF808" bold="true" box="[262,472,1920,1942]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="227">Exacum idukkianum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A246B05BFFB5FFF1FE30F866DA1FF808" box="[480,556,1921,1942]" pageId="2" pageNumber="227" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="B9750D20FFB5FFF1FDE2F866DA79F808" bold="true" box="[562,586,1921,1942]" pageId="2" pageNumber="227">A.</emphasis>
Habit (
<emphasis id="B9750D20FFB5FFF1FD46F866DA9BF808" bold="true" box="[662,680,1921,1942]" pageId="2" pageNumber="227">a.</emphasis>
Terete stem,
<emphasis id="B9750D20FFB5FFF1FCFDF866DB73F808" bold="true" box="[813,832,1921,1942]" pageId="2" pageNumber="227">b.</emphasis>
Flowering twig),
<emphasis id="B9750D20FFB5FFF1FC22F866DC3BF808" bold="true" box="[1010,1032,1921,1942]" pageId="2" pageNumber="227">B.</emphasis>
Flower (
<emphasis id="B9750D20FFB5FFF1FBB2F866DCBAF808" bold="true" box="[1122,1161,1921,1942]" pageId="2" pageNumber="227">a, b</emphasis>
. star shaped, greenish-yellow floral guides),
<emphasis id="B9750D20FFB5FFF1FEC3F842D919F824" bold="true" box="[275,298,1957,1978]" pageId="2" pageNumber="227">C.</emphasis>
Flower bud,
<emphasis id="B9750D20FFB5FFF1FE78F842D98CF824" bold="true" box="[424,447,1957,1978]" pageId="2" pageNumber="227">D.</emphasis>
Calyx split open,
<emphasis id="B9750D20FFB5FFF1FDBBF842DAB2F824" bold="true" box="[619,641,1957,1978]" pageId="2" pageNumber="227">E.</emphasis>
Corolla split open with stamens and pistil,
<emphasis id="B9750D20FFB5FFF1FBCAF842DC1EF824" bold="true" box="[1050,1069,1957,1978]" pageId="2" pageNumber="227">F.</emphasis>
Petal,
<emphasis id="B9750D20FFB5FFF1FBBDF842DCB5F824" bold="true" box="[1133,1158,1957,1978]" pageId="2" pageNumber="227">G.</emphasis>
Stamens (
<emphasis id="B9750D20FFB5FFF1FB39F842DCC8F824" bold="true" box="[1257,1275,1957,1978]" pageId="2" pageNumber="227">g.</emphasis>
Papilla),
<emphasis id="B9750D20FFB5FFF1FA86F842DD5CF824" bold="true" box="[1366,1391,1957,1978]" pageId="2" pageNumber="227">H.</emphasis>
Pistil,
<emphasis id="B9750D20FFB5FFF1FF58F82ED8A4F840" bold="true" box="[136,151,1993,2014]" pageId="2" pageNumber="227">I.</emphasis>
Fruit (from
<emphasis id="B9750D20FFB5FFF1FEDFF82EDA39F840" box="[271,522,1993,2014]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="227">M.P.Geethakumary 74301</emphasis>
, photos by S. Deepu)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BBED132FFB4FFF0FF6DFF47DD73FED7" blockId="3.[136,1452,160,1481]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">
The
<typeStatus id="54BA6F90FFB4FFF0FF22FF47D911FF27" box="[242,290,160,185]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">type</typeStatus>
locality, Anamudi Shola, one of the largest shola forest (wet temperate montane forest) ecosystem in the country, co-existing with grassland matrix, has a unique biodiversity and noted for the presence of tree ferns. The area has a high conservation value in terms of biodiversity, geo-morphology, hydrology etc. and the area forms the catchment of several streams, which finally enriches the east flowing river Pambar. By considering its ecological significance, the area has been declared National Park by the State Forest Department and is well protected.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBED132FFB4FFF0FF6DFEB3DBA0FD4B" blockId="3.[136,1452,160,1481]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">
<emphasis id="B9750D20FFB4FFF0FF6DFEB3DA39FEF3" bold="true" box="[189,522,340,365]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">Taxonomic observations:—</emphasis>
According to the dichotomous keys and descriptions provided by
<bibRefCitation id="EF90ACC3FFB4FFF0FACDFEB3D8E0FE0F" author="Klackenberg, J." pageId="3" pageNumber="228" pagination="355 - 370" refId="ref2965" refString="Klackenberg, J. (1983) A reevaluation of the genus Exacum (Gentianaceae) in Ceylon. Nordic Journal of Botany 3: 355 - 370. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1756 - 1051.1983. tb 01951. x" type="journal article" year="1983">Klackenberg (1983)</bibRefCitation>
the most similar species to
<taxonomicName id="4C01AAB1FFB4FFF0FDC2FE9FDACBFE0F" authorityName="Geethakumary &amp; Pandurangan &amp; Ravichandran &amp; Deepu" authorityYear="2016" box="[530,760,376,401]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gentianaceae" genus="Exacum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="idukkianum">
<emphasis id="B9750D20FFB4FFF0FDC2FE9FDACBFE0F" box="[530,760,376,401]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">Exacum idukkianum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is
<taxonomicName id="4C01AAB1FFB4FFF0FCCBFE9FDBF3FE0F" authorityName="W. Arnott" authorityYear="1839" box="[795,960,376,401]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gentianaceae" genus="Exacum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wightianum">
<emphasis id="B9750D20FFB4FFF0FCCBFE9FDBF3FE0F" box="[795,960,376,401]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">E. wightianum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, the former can be distinguished from the later [as described and illustrated by
<bibRefCitation id="EF90ACC3FFB4FFF0FD4DFE7BDB4CFE2B" author="Klackenberg, J." box="[669,895,412,437]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" pagination="1 - 144" refId="ref3015" refString="Klackenberg, J. (1985) The genus Exacum (Gentianaceae). Opera Botanica 84: 1 - 144." type="journal article" year="1985">Klackenberg (1985)</bibRefCitation>
and based on specimen studied] by plants up to
<quantity id="4CF97CD7FFB4FFF0FF58FE27D8FAFE47" box="[136,201,448,473]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" unit="m" value="2.5">2.5 m</quantity>
tall (vs. up to
<quantity id="4CF97CD7FFB4FFF0FEA2FE27D9ADFE47" box="[370,414,448,473]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</quantity>
tall in
<taxonomicName id="4C01AAB1FFB4FFF0FE21FE27DAA6FE47" authorityName="W. Arnott" authorityYear="1839" box="[497,661,448,473]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gentianaceae" genus="Exacum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wightianum">
<emphasis id="B9750D20FFB4FFF0FE21FE27DAA6FE47" box="[497,661,448,473]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">E. wightianum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), perennial herbs with terete suffrutescent, woody at base (vs. annual herbs with quadrangular non woody base), subsessile, leaves with 2 secondary veins on each side of midrib, younger ones occasionally with 1 secondary vein on each side (vs. sessile to petiolate, 1–2(–3) secondary veins on each side of midrib), calyx wings accrescent in fruit, with prominent veins (vs. calyx wings accrescent in fruit, without prominent veins), floral guides at corolla throat star-shaped, yellowish-green (vs. floral guides round, yellow), corolla lobes apiculate with prominent veins (vs. acute, without veins), narrowly rectangular, curved anthers, cordate at base (vs. linear, straight anthers, truncate at base) and broadly ovoid capsules (vs. broadly elliptic). A comparative summary of the characters that differentiate these two taxa is presented in
<tableCitation id="C683E489FFB4FFF0FCEAFD5BDBBEFD4B" box="[826,909,700,725]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="1.[136,216,1040,1061]" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphological comparison of diagnostic characters of E. idukkianum and E. wightianum." pageId="3" pageNumber="228">Table 1</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBED132FFB4FFF0FF6DFD07D937FBFF" blockId="3.[136,1452,160,1481]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">
<emphasis id="B9750D20FFB4FFF0FF6DFD07D998FD67" bold="true" box="[189,427,736,761]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">Conservation status</emphasis>
:—Three populations of this species have been located within the Anamudi Shola National Park at a distance of
<quantity id="4CF97CD7FFB4FFF0FE55FCE3D9F1FC83" box="[389,450,772,797]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" unit="km" value="2.0">2 km</quantity>
from each other in
<collectingRegion id="49C51FD0FFB4FFF0FD62FCE3DB33FC83" box="[690,768,772,797]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">Kerala</collectingRegion>
. Apart from this, based on information from the specimen erroneously identified as
<taxonomicName id="4C01AAB1FFB4FFF0FE74FCCFDA74FCDF" authorityName="W. Arnott" authorityYear="1839" box="[420,583,808,833]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gentianaceae" genus="Exacum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wightianum">
<emphasis id="B9750D20FFB4FFF0FE74FCCFDA74FCDF" box="[420,583,808,833]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">E. wightianum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at Rapinat Herbarium, Trichy (RHT 14812!), another population is identified at Kodaikanal,
<collectingRegion id="49C51FD0FFB4FFF0FEE2FCABD984FCFB" box="[306,439,844,869]" country="India" name="Tamil Nadu" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">Tamil Nadu</collectingRegion>
at a distance of
<quantity id="4CF97CD7FFB4FFF0FDBDFCABDA87FCFB" box="[621,692,844,869]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" unit="km" value="60.0">60 km</quantity>
from the present collection site. According to IUCN criteria (
<bibRefCitation id="EF90ACC3FFB4FFF0FAB5FCABD8FEFC17" author="IUCN &amp; Cambridge, UK" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" refId="ref2852" refString="IUCN (2012 a) IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. Second edition. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK." type="book" year="2012">IUCN 2012a</bibRefCitation>
&amp; b, 2013), the extent of occurrence (EOO) between these localities is more than
<quantity id="4CF97CD7FFB4FFF0FBA9FC97DCF2FC17" box="[1145,1217,880,905]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" unit="km" value="20.0">20 km</quantity>
<superScript id="7C747C7AFFB4FFF0FB11FC89DCFAFCE2" attach="left" box="[1217,1225,878,892]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">2</superScript>
but within
<quantity id="4CF97CD7FFB4FFF0FA9DFC97DD90FC17" box="[1357,1443,880,905]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" unit="km" value="100.0">100 km</quantity>
<superScript id="7C747C7AFFB4FFF0FA73FC89DD98FCE2" attach="left" box="[1443,1451,878,892]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">2</superScript>
and there are less than 25 individuals in each population. The area of occupancy (AOO) is less than
<quantity id="4CF97CD7FFB4FFF0FAD0FC73DD63FC33" box="[1280,1360,916,941]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" unit="km" value="0.5">0.5 km</quantity>
<superScript id="7C747C7AFFB4FFF0FA9FFC75DD64FC3E" attach="left" box="[1359,1367,914,928]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">2</superScript>
, which indicates its narrow endemic nature. Even though, this species is not prone to disturbances by anthropogenic activities inside the national park, it is prone to wild gracing and evidences are there where the individuals are destroyed by gracing of wild animals and at times destroyed by trampling of elephants as it occurs in Shola margins close to montane grasslands. Therefore, we recommend a preliminary conservation assessment as Critically Endangered [CR B1ac(ii) + 2ac(ii); D].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31B82B9FFB4FFF0FF6DFB8BD8E9FA57" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BBED132FFB4FFF0FF6DFB8BDAECFAA7" blockId="3.[136,1452,160,1481]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">
<emphasis id="B9750D20FFB4FFF0FF6DFB8BD908FB1B" bold="true" box="[189,315,1132,1157]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">Discussion</emphasis>
:—
<taxonomicName id="4C01AAB1FFB4FFF0FE8FFB8BDA75FB1B" authorityName="W. Arnott" authorityYear="1839" box="[351,582,1132,1157]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gentianaceae" genus="Exacum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wightianum">
<emphasis id="B9750D20FFB4FFF0FE8FFB8BDA75FB1B" box="[351,582,1132,1157]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">Exacum wightianum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, morphologically similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C01AAB1FFB4FFF0FC5CFB8BDC03FB1B" authorityName="Geethakumary &amp; Pandurangan &amp; Ravichandran &amp; Deepu" authorityYear="2016" box="[908,1072,1132,1157]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gentianaceae" genus="Exacum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="idukkianum">
<emphasis id="B9750D20FFB4FFF0FC5CFB8BDC03FB1B" box="[908,1072,1132,1157]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">E. idukkianum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, was also seen in Anamudi shola forest, and our observations suggest that the variation in the magnitude and pattern of floral integration between these two species is not related to the pollinator assemblage. Both species are mainly visited by large bees and floral integration patterns are not likely influenced by the pollinators. Thus, this is not a case of directional selection on individual characters, which may eventually lead to population divergence as suggested by earlier studies (
<bibRefCitation id="EF90ACC3FFB4FFF0FAF9FB1BD8F0FAA7" author="Armbruster, W. S." pageId="3" pageNumber="228" pagination="733 - 752" refId="ref2570" refString="Armbruster, W. S. (1985) Patterns of character divergence and the evolution of reproductive ecotypes of Dalechampia scandens (Euphorbiaceae). Evolution 39: 733 - 752. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 2408674" type="journal article" year="1985">Armbruster 1985</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF90ACC3FFB4FFF0FF1EFAC7D93AFAA7" author="Armbruster, W. S." box="[206,265,1312,1337]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" pagination="1746 - 1761" refId="ref2615" refString="Armbruster, W. S. (1988) Multilevel comparative analysis of the morphology, function, and evolution of Dalechampia blossoms. Ecology 69: 1746 - 1761. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 1941153" type="journal article" year="1988">1988</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF90ACC3FFB4FFF0FEC4FAC7DA71FAA7" author="Robertson, J. L. &amp; Wyatt, R." box="[276,578,1312,1337]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" pagination="121 - 133" refId="ref3253" refString="Robertson, J. L. &amp; Wyatt, R. (1990) Evidence for pollination ecotypes in the yellow-fringed orchid, Platanthera ciliaris. Evolution 44: 121 - 133. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 2409528" type="journal article" year="1990">Robertson and Wyatt 1990</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF90ACC3FFB4FFF0FD9DFAC7DAE0FAA7" author="Galen, C." box="[589,723,1312,1337]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" pagination="273 - 291" refId="ref2732" refString="Galen, C. (1996) The evolution of floral form: insights from an alpine wild flower, Polemonium viscosum (Polemoniaceae). In: Lloyd, D. G. &amp; Barrett, S. C. H. (Eds.) Floral Biology. Studies on Floral Evolution in Animal-Pollinated Plants. Chapman &amp; Hall, New York, pp. 273 - 291." type="book chapter" year="1996">Galen 1996</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBED132FFB4FFF0FF6DFAA3D8E9FA57" blockId="3.[136,1452,160,1481]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">
<materialsCitation id="3B69DB6FFFB4FFF0FF6DFAA3DB7FFA1F" collectingDate="2012-09-24" collectionCode="M, P, TBGT" country="India" elevation="1855" location="Anamudi Shola" municipality="Idukki distr." pageId="3" pageNumber="228" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Kerala">
<emphasis id="B9750D20FFB4FFF0FF6DFAA3DACDFAC3" bold="true" box="[189,766,1348,1373]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">
<typeStatus id="54BA6F90FFB4FFF0FF6DFAA3DA72FAC3" box="[189,577,1348,1373]" isOtherTypeStatus="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">Additional specimens examined</typeStatus>
(
<typeStatus id="54BA6F90FFB4FFF0FD85FAA3DAE0FAC3" box="[597,723,1348,1373]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
):—
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F31691A2FFB4FFF0FD2DFAA3DB63FAC3" box="[765,848,1348,1373]" name="India" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">INDIA</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="49C51FD0FFB4FFF0FCB0FAA3DB9EFAC3" box="[864,941,1348,1373]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">Kerala</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BDA4B48FFB4FFF0FC6DFAA3DC7EFAC3" box="[957,1101,1348,1373]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">Idukki distr.</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EDE87E9FFB4FFF0FB8BFAA3DD20FAC3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A86024FFB6FFF0FF58FF13D8E9FA57:8EDE87E9FFB4FFF0FB8BFAA3DD20FAC3" box="[1115,1299,1348,1373]" country="India" municipality="Idukki distr." name="Anamudi Shola" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" stateProvince="Kerala">Anamudi Shola</location>
,
<quantity id="4CF97CD7FFB4FFF0FAF2FAA3DD4CFAC3" box="[1314,1407,1348,1373]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.855" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" unit="m" value="1855.0">
<elevation id="002C3601FFB4FFF0FAF2FAA3DD4CFAC3" box="[1314,1407,1348,1373]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.855" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" unit="m" value="1855.0">1855 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="FFBFF7F2FFB4FFF0FA5FFAA3D972FA1F" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" value="2012-09-24">
<collectingDate id="EFFB0E1AFFB4FFF0FA5FFAA3D972FA1F" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" value="2012-09-24">24 September 2012</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="B9750D20FFB4FFF0FE9CFA8FDAD4FA1F" box="[332,743,1384,1409]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">
<collectionCode id="ED1049F7FFB4FFF0FE9CFA8FD954FA1F" box="[332,359,1384,1409]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15637" name="Botanische Staatssammlung München" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" type="Herbarium">M</collectionCode>
.
<collectionCode id="ED1049F7FFB4FFF0FEA1FA8FD9B1FA1F" box="[369,386,1384,1409]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
. Geethakumary 74358 &amp; 74433
</emphasis>
(
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)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B69DB6FFFB4FFF0FC87FA8FD8D4FA3B" collectingDate="2013-08-22" collectionCode="TBGT" country="India" elevation="1857" location="Anamudi Shola" municipality="Idukki distr." pageId="3" pageNumber="228" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kerala">
<emphasis id="B9750D20FFB4FFF0FC87FA8FDBB0FA1F" box="[855,899,1384,1409]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">ibid</emphasis>
.,
<quantity id="4CF97CD7FFB4FFF0FC48FA8FDBDDFA1F" box="[920,1006,1384,1409]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.857" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" unit="m" value="1857.0">
<elevation id="002C3601FFB4FFF0FC48FA8FDBDDFA1F" box="[920,1006,1384,1409]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.857" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" unit="m" value="1857.0">1857 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="FFBFF7F2FFB4FFF0FC2AFA8FDC9EFA1F" box="[1018,1197,1384,1409]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" value="2013-08-22">
<collectingDate id="EFFB0E1AFFB4FFF0FC2AFA8FDC9EFA1F" box="[1018,1197,1384,1409]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" value="2013-08-22">22 August 2013</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="B9750D20FFB4FFF0FB68FA8FDD98FA1F" box="[1208,1451,1384,1409]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">Deepu Sivadas 73659</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED1049F7FFB4FFF0FF40FA6BD8ECFA3B" box="[144,223,1420,1445]" country="India" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14234" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14234" name="Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" type="Herbarium">TBGT</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B69DB6FFFB4FFF0FF25FA6BD8E5FA57" collectingDate="1975-08-16" collectionCode="K, M, RHT" country="India" county="Madurai distr." elevation="2100" location="Pambar Shola" municipality="Kodaikanal" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Tamil Nadu">
<collectingRegion id="49C51FD0FFB4FFF0FF25FA6BD94DFA3B" box="[245,382,1420,1445]" country="India" name="Tamil Nadu" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">Tamil Nadu</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCounty id="62DFA9BEFFB4FFF0FE5DFA6BDA03FA3B" box="[397,560,1420,1445]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">Madurai distr.</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BDA4B48FFB4FFF0FDEDFA6BDAF2FA3B" box="[573,705,1420,1445]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">Kodaikanal</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EDE87E9FFB4FFF0FD1FFA6BDB42FA3B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A86024FFB6FFF0FF58FF13D8E9FA57:8EDE87E9FFB4FFF0FD1FFA6BDB42FA3B" box="[719,881,1420,1445]" country="India" county="Madurai distr." municipality="Kodaikanal" name="Pambar Shola" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" stateProvince="Tamil Nadu">Pambar Shola</location>
,
<quantity id="4CF97CD7FFB4FFF0FCAFFA6BDBEAFA3B" box="[895,985,1420,1445]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" unit="m" value="2100.0">
<elevation id="002C3601FFB4FFF0FCAFFA6BDBEAFA3B" box="[895,985,1420,1445]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" unit="m" value="2100.0">2100 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="FFBFF7F2FFB4FFF0FC37FA6BDC92FA3B" box="[999,1185,1420,1445]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" value="1975-08-16">
<collectingDate id="EFFB0E1AFFB4FFF0FC37FA6BDC92FA3B" box="[999,1185,1420,1445]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" value="1975-08-16">16 August 1975</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="B9750D20FFB4FFF0FB7EFA6BDD98FA3B" box="[1198,1451,1420,1445]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">
<collectionCode id="ED1049F7FFB4FFF0FB7EFA6BDCF7FA3B" box="[1198,1220,1420,1445]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15867" name="Royal Botanic Gardens" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" type="Herbarium">K</collectionCode>
.
<collectionCode id="ED1049F7FFB4FFF0FB02FA6BDCDEFA3B" box="[1234,1261,1420,1445]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15637" name="Botanische Staatssammlung München" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" type="Herbarium">M</collectionCode>
. Matthew 14812
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED1049F7FFB4FFF0FF40FA57D8FDFA57" box="[144,206,1456,1481]" country="India" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14139" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14139" name="St. Joseph's College" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" type="Herbarium">RHT</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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