373 lines
51 KiB
XML
373 lines
51 KiB
XML
<document id="A4C4A051D179E86C26830436C00FE9D4" ID-CLB-Dataset="5361" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3814.4.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2d8b2273-4e20-4eab-bdce-f3f281851929" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4919275" ID-ZooBank="13BE2340-E772-421A-8215-E78578815A4E" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1623269255437" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Hall, Kathryn A., Ekins, Merrick G. & Hooper, John N. A." docDate="2014" docId="039A1C11FFAFFFAAFF0CF9E9FE85322A" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03814p477.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3814 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Theonella maricae Hall & Ekins & Hooper 2014, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="461" masterDocId="FFA36469FFA8FFA0FF9BFFA5FF883017" masterDocTitle="Two new desma-less species of Theonella Gray, 1868 (Demospongiae: Astrophorida: Theonellidae), from the Great Barrier Reef, Australia, and a re-evaluation of one species assigned previously to Dercitus Gray, 1867" masterLastPageNumber="477" masterPageNumber="451" pageNumber="458" updateTime="1699007828201" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="DFAFFCED6013AD660FDEC0CD71FDA200">
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<mods:title id="C338D338CABF10FF05347DDA6F32CE59">Two new desma-less species of Theonella Gray, 1868 (Demospongiae: Astrophorida: Theonellidae), from the Great Barrier Reef, Australia, and a re-evaluation of one species assigned previously to Dercitus Gray, 1867</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="CD31D1B89A4FA60B4E35260B1C55165F" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="09E4D7185F8C9C8EFDB10EEBBC46CD09">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="D6ED1969A201C2BD2414CBD07CA719E6">Hall, Kathryn A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B67F6FD2BDC4363211D7C4DA5C1BD266">Marine Environments, Natural Environments Program, Queensland Museum, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="712923D372D4333564438F8452F5C0D4" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="DEC148CAD3A59F51B980B1D2A56C0240">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="10CD6184D9B372D7803FD5B20C65A62E">Ekins, Merrick G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="5E1997BB468DAE5832DE7174B157F707">Marine Environments, Natural Environments Program, Queensland Museum, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="2CCBA20D2F1E5D9C291E9CB4920B67F2" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="2D2ED92787F32A2D416C526B83B74774">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="CE2AAE5F9BF6E7B404FA59726A454ABA">Hooper, John N. A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="1135E9E818FAFA7BF6ECB7F26B8E76AB">Marine Environments, Natural Environments Program, Queensland Museum, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. & Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="4FFD9F5F839AF777B3D6357B527F9A2C">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="9DA557335C1CD483BE4D8F0CFCBE9A30">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="78270850D176E2CCD321DBA8ECDD8901">
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<mods:date id="D7EB6EED25B5A5D00C3CF57C1DDCCE7A">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="217E4E2FD4C60ED1458EF0D9D632C2EF">2014-06-11</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="8EC2559440EDB59004D0E90E41FA6910">3814</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="23FBAF391C4A3B402E30E51129CB523C">4</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="963883384F93B08D30DC8F37A0AC8AB7">451</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="5FF587CAB2EC0839A35A2B66782C9344">journal article</mods:classification>
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<treatment id="039A1C11FFAFFFAAFF0CF9E9FE85322A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5116752" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183709317" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5116752" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039A1C11FFAFFFAAFF0CF9E9FE85322A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039A1C11FFAFFFAAFF0CF9E9FE85322A" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="461" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
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<subSubSection id="C329FE8CFFAFFFA7FF0CF9E9FE4B3671" box="[151,451,1612,1638]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8CAD07FFAFFFA7FF0CF9E9FE4B3671" blockId="7.[151,451,1612,1671]" box="[151,451,1612,1638]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
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<heading id="D0C41A6BFFAFFFA7FF0CF9E9FE4B3671" bold="true" box="[151,451,1612,1638]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B9477115FFAFFFA7FF0CF9E9FE4B3671" bold="true" box="[151,451,1612,1638]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
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<taxonomicName id="4C33D684FFAFFFA7FF0CF9E9FEF23671" authority="Hall & Ekins & Hooper, 2014" authorityName="Hall & Ekins & Hooper" authorityYear="2014" box="[151,378,1612,1638]" class="Demospongiae" family="Theonellidae" genus="Theonella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="maricae" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B9477115FFAFFFA7FF0CF9E9FEF23671" bold="true" box="[151,378,1612,1638]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Theonella maricae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A274CC6EFFAFFFA7FE1AF9E9FE4B3671" box="[385,451,1612,1638]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C329FE8CFFAFFFA7FF0CF9CBFE9D3690" box="[151,277,1646,1671]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B8CAD07FFAFFFA7FF0CF9CBFE9D3690" blockId="7.[151,451,1612,1671]" box="[151,277,1646,1671]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
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<figureCitation id="1308B182FFAFFFA7FF0CF9CBFF543690" box="[151,220,1646,1671]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1188,1210]" captionTargetBox="[158,1432,199,1159]" captionTargetId="figure-395@5.[150,1437,195,1164]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Photographs of fixed whole specimens of desma-less species of Theonella Gray, 1868. A. Theonella deliqua n. sp., habitus, part of holotype (QM G329195), fixed in ethanol; scale bar = 2 cm. B. Theonella maricae n. sp., habitus, three parts of holotype (QM G331427), fixed in ethanol; scale bar = 2 cm. C. Theonella xantha (Sutcliffe, Hooper and Pitcher 2010) n. comb., habitus, part of holotype (QM G329976), fixed in ethanol; scale bar = 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4919279" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4919279/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Figs 1</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1308B182FFAFFFA7FF71F9CBFE9D3690" box="[234,277,1646,1671]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 4" captionStart-1="FIGURE 5" captionStartId-0="8.[151,250,1697,1719]" captionStartId-1="9.[151,250,1185,1207]" captionTargetBox-0="[157,1431,809,1668]" captionTargetBox-1="[154,1432,197,1160]" captionTargetId-0="figure-365@8.[150,1436,805,1675]" captionTargetId-1="figure-396@9.[151,1435,193,1163]" captionTargetPageId-0="8" captionTargetPageId-1="9" captionText-0="FIGURE 4. Summaries of statistics for sets of measurements of microrhabds from Theonella deliqua n. sp., Theonella maricae n. sp. and Theonella xantha (Sutcliffe, Hooper and Pitcher, 2010) n. comb. The boxes for each species include the minimum, maximum, mean, standard deviation and variance. A boxplot has been used to demonstrate the distributions of the means of the measurements for each species and to indicate significant differences among them. Outliers are indicated by asterisks (*). The ranges of the measurements for T. deliqua and T. xantha can be seen to be approximately equivalent, and are normally distributed. Stronger skew and Kurtosis are shown for the measurements for the specimens of T. maricae. Most measurements of the microrhabd length for T. maricae greatly exceed those of the other two species, as illustrated in the boxplot." captionText-1="FIGURE 5. Theonella maricae n. sp. Micrographs (SEM) of holotype, QM G331427. A. Overview of a fragment of sponge, showing the incorporation of large amounts of organic and inorganic debris; scale bar = 1 mm. B. Detail view of sponge, showing thin sheets over debris, including filamentous algae, gastropod shells and other carbonates; scale bar = 500 µm. C. Detail of sheets, showing aggregation of microrhabds in an unstructured, random arrangement; scale bar = 100 µm. D. Single microrhabd; scale bar = 30 µm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4919289" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4919293" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4919289/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4919293/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">4–5</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C329FE8CFFAFFFA7FF0CF913FC263700" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B8CAD07FFAFFFA7FF0CF913FC263700" blockId="7.[151,1436,1718,2031]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
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<emphasis id="B9477115FFAFFFA7FF0CF913FE0A36D8" bold="true" box="[151,386,1718,1743]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" reason="1">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B5BA75AFFAFFFA7FE10F913FC263700" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3325461302" collectingDate="2004-09-22" collectionCode="QM, CSIRO, RV" country="Australia" county="Lady Basten" latitude="-23.095" location="Great Barrier Reef" longLatPrecision="75" longitude="151.875" municipality="Barrier Reef Seabed Biodiversity Project" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" specimenCode="G331427" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B9477115FFAFFFA7FE10F913FE7936D8" box="[395,497,1718,1743]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
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<typeStatus id="548813A5FFAFFFA7FE10F913FE7936D8" box="[395,497,1718,1743]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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||
:
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||
<collectionCode id="ED2235C2FFAFFFA7FD99F913FDA736D8" box="[514,559,1718,1743]" country="Australia" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35019" name="Queensland Museum" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" type="Museum">QM</collectionCode>
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<specimenCode id="DB95057CFFAFFFA7FDA3F913FD2936D8" box="[568,673,1718,1743]" collectionCode="QM" country="Australia" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35019" name="Queensland Museum" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" type="Museum">G331427</specimenCode>
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(=SBD513035),
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||
<collectingCountry id="F324ED97FFAFFFA7FCFCF913FC5836D8" box="[871,976,1718,1743]" name="Australia" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Australia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<location id="8EECFBDCFFAFFFA7FC46F913FB3D36D8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039A1C11FFAFFFAAFF0CF9E9FE85322A:8EECFBDCFFAFFFA7FC46F913FB3D36D8" box="[989,1205,1718,1743]" country="Australia" county="Lady Basten" latitude="-23.095" longLatPrecision="75" longitude="151.875" municipality="Barrier Reef Seabed Biodiversity Project" name="Great Barrier Reef" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Great Barrier Reef</location>
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, inter-reef sea floor, south-east of
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<location id="8EECFBDCFFAFFFA7FEA7F97FFE6936E4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039A1C11FFAFFFAAFF0CF9E9FE85322A:8EECFBDCFFAFFFA7FEA7F97FFE6936E4" box="[316,481,1754,1779]" country="Australia" county="Lady Basten" latitude="-23.095" longLatPrecision="75" longitude="151.875" municipality="Barrier Reef Seabed Biodiversity Project" name="Guthrie Shoal" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Guthrie Shoal</location>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE07CBC0FFAFFFA7FE6FF97FFDD436E4" box="[500,604,1754,1779]" degrees="23.095" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" precision="55" value="-23.095">23.095°S</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="EE07CBC0FFAFFFA7FDF1F97FFD6C36E4" box="[618,740,1754,1779]" degrees="151.875" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" precision="55" value="151.875">151.875°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 28.0 m (depth), coll.
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<collectionCode id="ED2235C2FFAFFFA7FC65F97FFBD936E4" box="[1022,1105,1754,1779]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0k2v-y6wz" name="Australian National Fish Collection" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" type="Museum">CSIRO</collectionCode>
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<location id="8EECFBDCFFAFFFA7FBC4F97FFEAA3700" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039A1C11FFAFFFAAFF0CF9E9FE85322A:8EECFBDCFFAFFFA7FBC4F97FFEAA3700" country="Australia" county="Lady Basten" latitude="-23.095" longLatPrecision="75" longitude="151.875" municipality="Barrier Reef Seabed Biodiversity Project" name="Great Barrier Reef Seabed Biodiversity" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
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Great
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BE8377DFFAFFFA7FB30F97FFEAA3700" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Barrier Reef Seabed Biodiversity</collectingMunicipality>
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</location>
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Project on
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||
<emphasis id="B9477115FFAFFFA7FE39F95AFDDD3701" box="[418,597,1790,1815]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
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||
<collectionCode id="ED2235C2FFAFFFA7FE39F95AFE4C3701" box="[418,452,1791,1814]" country="Italy" name="Collection of Leptospira Strains" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">RV</collectionCode>
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<collectingCounty id="62EDD58BFFAFFFA7FE51F95BFDDD3701" box="[458,597,1790,1815]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Lady Basten</collectingCounty>
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</emphasis>
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||
,
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<date id="FF8D8BC7FFAFFFA7FDFFF95BFD7A3700" box="[612,754,1790,1815]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" value="2004-09-22">
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||
<collectingDate id="EFC9722FFFAFFFA7FDFFF95BFD7A3700" box="[612,754,1790,1815]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" value="2004-09-22">22.Sep.2004</collectingDate>
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</date>
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, epibenthic sled.
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</materialsCitation>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C329FE8CFFAFFFA8FF5CF887FBD732E7" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="459" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B8CAD07FFAFFFA7FF5CF887FF673748" blockId="7.[151,1436,1718,2031]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
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<emphasis id="B9477115FFAFFFA7FF5CF887FED1372C" bold="true" box="[199,345,1826,1851]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" reason="1">Description.</emphasis>
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||
Based on examination of
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||
<typeStatus id="548813A5FFAFFFA7FD09F887FD70372C" box="[658,760,1826,1851]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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||
; specimen post-fixed in ethanol (70%) after initial frozen storage.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B8CAD07FFAFFFA7FF5CF8CFFB7637F8" blockId="7.[151,1436,1718,2031]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
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||
<emphasis id="B9477115FFAFFFA7FF5CF8CFFDDF3794" box="[199,599,1898,1923]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Growth form and gross morphology</emphasis>
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||
:
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<emphasis id="B9477115FFAFFFA7FDFEF8CEFDF83795" box="[613,624,1899,1922]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">s</emphasis>
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ponge consists of very thin sheets, thickness ~
|
||
<quantity id="4CCB00E2FFAFFFA7FBEAF8CFFB353794" box="[1137,1213,1898,1923]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" unit="mm" value="50.0">50 µm</quantity>
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; sheets encrust over assorted non-specific substrates, cements a variety of unidentified broken gastropod shells, diatoms, broken coral debris into single mass; incorporates large amounts of filamentous algae, quartz sand and debris;
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<typeStatus id="548813A5FFAFFFA7FB45F817FAC837DC" box="[1246,1344,1970,1995]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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||
in three small ovoid masses, largest mass measures ~ 2 × 2 ×
|
||
<quantity id="4CCB00E2FFAFFFA7FD77F873FCAB37F9" box="[748,803,2006,2031]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
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||
(total mass dimensions) (
|
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<figureCitation id="1308B182FFAFFFA7FBD8F873FB1637F8" box="[1091,1182,2006,2031]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1188,1210]" captionTargetBox="[158,1432,199,1159]" captionTargetId="figure-395@5.[150,1437,195,1164]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Photographs of fixed whole specimens of desma-less species of Theonella Gray, 1868. A. Theonella deliqua n. sp., habitus, part of holotype (QM G329195), fixed in ethanol; scale bar = 2 cm. B. Theonella maricae n. sp., habitus, three parts of holotype (QM G331427), fixed in ethanol; scale bar = 2 cm. C. Theonella xantha (Sutcliffe, Hooper and Pitcher 2010) n. comb., habitus, part of holotype (QM G329976), fixed in ethanol; scale bar = 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4919279" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4919279/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Figs 1B</figureCitation>
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,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1308B182FFAFFFA7FB31F873FB7937F8" box="[1194,1265,2006,2031]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1185,1207]" captionTargetBox="[154,1432,197,1160]" captionTargetId="figure-396@9.[151,1435,193,1163]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Theonella maricae n. sp. Micrographs (SEM) of holotype, QM G331427. A. Overview of a fragment of sponge, showing the incorporation of large amounts of organic and inorganic debris; scale bar = 1 mm. B. Detail view of sponge, showing thin sheets over debris, including filamentous algae, gastropod shells and other carbonates; scale bar = 500 µm. C. Detail of sheets, showing aggregation of microrhabds in an unstructured, random arrangement; scale bar = 100 µm. D. Single microrhabd; scale bar = 30 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4919293" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4919293/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">5A–B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8CAD07FFA0FFA8FF5CFF32FE1430EF" blockId="8.[151,1436,151,752]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9477115FFA0FFA8FF5CFF32FE9E30A7" box="[199,278,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Colour</emphasis>
|
||
: unknown in life; pale orange to yellow portions of sponge mixed with green algae and dirty cream to brown snail shells, sand and debris when frozen; colour retained in ethanol; stains ethanol pale golden yellow; yellow pigment greasy.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8CAD07FFA0FFA8FF5CFEA1FAB8310A" blockId="8.[151,1436,151,752]" box="[199,1328,260,285]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9477115FFA0FFA8FF5CFEA1FEA8310A" box="[199,288,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Oscules</emphasis>
|
||
: unobserved macroscopically in frozen and fixed material; also unobserved microscopically.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8CAD07FFA0FFA8FF5CFE8CFC163173" blockId="8.[151,1436,151,752]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9477115FFA0FFA8FF5CFE8CFE913157" box="[199,281,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Texture</emphasis>
|
||
: difficult to determine because of large amounts of debris in sponge mass; sponge soft, fragile, friable, granular, flaccid, limp, highly compressible, slowly resilient, spongy.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8CAD07FFA0FFA8FF5CFECAFD45319F" blockId="8.[151,1436,151,752]" box="[199,717,367,392]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9477115FFA0FFA8FF5CFECAFE403190" box="[199,456,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Surface ornamentation</emphasis>
|
||
: even, lightly granular.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8CAD07FFA0FFA8FF5CFE31FCCE31BA" blockId="8.[151,1436,151,752]" box="[199,838,404,429]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9477115FFA0FFA8FF5CFE31FE2831BA" box="[199,416,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Ectosomal skeleton</emphasis>
|
||
: indistinguishable from choanosome.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8CAD07FFA0FFA8FF5CFE12FAF1322A" blockId="8.[151,1436,151,752]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9477115FFA0FFA8FF5CFE12FE4731C7" box="[199,463,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Choanosomal skeleton</emphasis>
|
||
: lax, vague; rigid skeleton entirely absent; skeleton consists only of confused arrangement of interstitial microscleres scattered throughout mesohyl; microscleres sparse in patches, distributed singularly, concentrated in other regions, forming moderately dense carpet; collagen homogenous, slightly granular in appearance; occasional foreign spicules (oxeas, rods from ascidians) incorporated into mesohyl (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1308B182FFA0FFA8FB75FD81FAE4322A" box="[1262,1388,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1185,1207]" captionTargetBox="[154,1432,197,1160]" captionTargetId="figure-396@9.[151,1435,193,1163]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Theonella maricae n. sp. Micrographs (SEM) of holotype, QM G331427. A. Overview of a fragment of sponge, showing the incorporation of large amounts of organic and inorganic debris; scale bar = 1 mm. B. Detail view of sponge, showing thin sheets over debris, including filamentous algae, gastropod shells and other carbonates; scale bar = 500 µm. C. Detail of sheets, showing aggregation of microrhabds in an unstructured, random arrangement; scale bar = 100 µm. D. Single microrhabd; scale bar = 30 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4919293" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4919293/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Figs 5B–C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8CAD07FFA0FFA8FF5CFDE2FE0F3277" blockId="8.[151,1436,151,752]" box="[199,391,583,608]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9477115FFA0FFA8FF5CFDE2FEDB3277" box="[199,339,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Megascleres</emphasis>
|
||
: nil.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8CAD07FFA0FFA8FF5CFDC9FBD732E7" blockId="8.[151,1436,151,752]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9477115FFA0FFA8FF5CFDC9FEDF3292" box="[199,343,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Microscleres</emphasis>
|
||
: single category of microrhabd; microrhabds as highly spined microxeas, robust, large, slightly curved, curvature irregular, tapering at ends, tips pointed, shaft covered with numerous, fine, short, conical spines, tips unspined; spines shorter than rhabd width, raised obviously from spicule shaft, arise perpendicular to axis; shaft straight, lacks torsion; dimensions 18.1–51.6 (37.5) × 2.2–4.4 (3.4) µm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1308B182FFA0FFA8FC64FD72FBDA32E7" box="[1023,1106,727,752]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1185,1207]" captionTargetBox="[154,1432,197,1160]" captionTargetId="figure-396@9.[151,1435,193,1163]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Theonella maricae n. sp. Micrographs (SEM) of holotype, QM G331427. A. Overview of a fragment of sponge, showing the incorporation of large amounts of organic and inorganic debris; scale bar = 1 mm. B. Detail view of sponge, showing thin sheets over debris, including filamentous algae, gastropod shells and other carbonates; scale bar = 500 µm. C. Detail of sheets, showing aggregation of microrhabds in an unstructured, random arrangement; scale bar = 100 µm. D. Single microrhabd; scale bar = 30 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4919293" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4919293/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Fig 5D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF4CFD8FFFA0FFA8FF0CF904FF64379A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4919289" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4919289" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4919289/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" startId="8.[151,250,1697,1719]" targetBox="[157,1431,809,1668]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8CAD07FFA0FFA8FF0CF904FF64379A" blockId="8.[151,1436,1697,1933]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9477115FFA0FFA8FF0CF904FE9036A1" bold="true" box="[151,280,1697,1719]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Summaries of statistics for sets of measurements of microrhabds from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C33D684FFA0FFA8FBBFF904FB6836A0" authority="Hall & Ekins & Hooper, 2014" authorityName="Hall & Ekins & Hooper" authorityYear="2014" box="[1060,1248,1697,1719]" class="Demospongiae" family="Theonellidae" genus="Theonella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="deliqua" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9477115FFA0FFA8FBBFF904FB6836A0" box="[1060,1248,1697,1719]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Theonella deliqua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9477115FFA0FFA8FB77F904FAAD36A1" bold="true" box="[1260,1317,1697,1718]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A274CC6EFFA0FFA8FB77F904FAAD36A1" box="[1260,1317,1697,1718]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C33D684FFA0FFA8FAACF904FF6236C2" authority="Hall & Ekins & Hooper, 2014" authorityName="Hall & Ekins & Hooper" authorityYear="2014" class="Demospongiae" family="Theonellidae" genus="Theonella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="maricae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9477115FFA0FFA8FAACF904FF6236C2" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Theonella maricae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9477115FFA0FFA8FF69F965FEA436C2" bold="true" box="[242,300,1728,1749]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A274CC6EFFA0FFA8FF69F965FEA436C2" box="[242,300,1728,1749]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C33D684FFA0FFA8FEFAF91AFC1636C2" authority="(Sutcliffe, Hooper and Pitcher, 2010)" authorityName="Hall & Ekins & Hooper" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="Sutcliffe, Hooper and Pitcher" baseAuthorityYear="2010" box="[353,926,1727,1749]" class="Demospongiae" family="Theonellidae" genus="Theonella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="xantha" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9477115FFA0FFA8FEFAF91AFD9C36C2" box="[353,532,1727,1749]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Theonella xantha</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA2D0F6FFA0FFA8FDBFF91AFC1E36C2" author="Sutcliffe, P. R. & Hooper, J. N. A. & Pitcher, C. R." box="[548,918,1727,1749]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" pagination="1 - 30" refId="ref15092" refString="Sutcliffe, P. R., Hooper, J. N. A. & Pitcher, C. R. (2010) The most common sponges on the Great Barrier Reef seabed, Australia, include species new to science (Phylum Porifera). Zootaxa, 2616, 1 - 30." type="journal article" year="2010">Sutcliffe, Hooper and Pitcher, 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A274CC6EFFA0FFA8FC3DF965FC7736C2" box="[934,1023,1727,1749]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" rank="species">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
The boxes for each species include the minimum, maximum, mean, standard deviation and variance. A boxplot has been used to demonstrate the distributions of the means of the measurements for each species and to indicate significant differences among them. Outliers are indicated by asterisks (*). The ranges of the measurements for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C33D684FFA0FFA8FD08F8B9FD7F3726" authorityName="Hall & Ekins & Hooper" authorityYear="2014" box="[659,759,1819,1841]" class="Demospongiae" family="Theonellidae" genus="Theonella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="deliqua">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9477115FFA0FFA8FD08F8B9FD7F3726" box="[659,759,1819,1841]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">T. deliqua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C33D684FFA0FFA8FCB2F8B9FC0F3726" authorityName="Hall & Ekins & Hooper" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="Sutcliffe, Hooper and Pitcher" baseAuthorityYear="2010" box="[809,903,1819,1841]" class="Demospongiae" family="Theonellidae" genus="Theonella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="xantha">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9477115FFA0FFA8FCB2F8B9FC0F3726" box="[809,903,1819,1841]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">T. xantha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be seen to be approximately equivalent, and are normally distributed. Stronger skew and Kurtosis are shown for the measurements for the specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C33D684FFA0FFA8FB77F89EFADF3747" authorityName="Hall & Ekins & Hooper" authorityYear="2014" box="[1260,1367,1851,1872]" class="Demospongiae" family="Theonellidae" genus="Theonella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="maricae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9477115FFA0FFA8FB77F89EFADF3747" box="[1260,1367,1851,1872]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">T. maricae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Most measurements of the microrhabd length for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C33D684FFA0FFA8FDF1F8FFFD5E3778" authorityName="Hall & Ekins & Hooper" authorityYear="2014" box="[618,726,1882,1903]" class="Demospongiae" family="Theonellidae" genus="Theonella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="maricae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9477115FFA0FFA8FDF1F8FFFD5E3778" box="[618,726,1882,1903]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">T. maricae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
greatly exceed those of the other two species, as illustrated in the boxplot.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF4CFD8FFFA1FFA9FF0CFB04FE5D3526" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4919293" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4919293" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4919293/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" startId="9.[151,250,1185,1207]" targetBox="[154,1432,197,1160]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8CAD07FFA1FFA9FF0CFB04FE5D3526" blockId="9.[151,1436,1185,1329]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9477115FFA1FFA9FF0CFB04FE9B34A1" bold="true" box="[151,275,1185,1207]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C33D684FFA1FFA9FE80FB04FE5234A0" authority="Hall & Ekins & Hooper, 2014" authorityName="Hall & Ekins & Hooper" authorityYear="2014" box="[283,474,1185,1207]" class="Demospongiae" family="Theonellidae" genus="Theonella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="maricae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9477115FFA1FFA9FE80FB04FE5234A0" box="[283,474,1185,1207]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Theonella maricae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9477115FFA1FFA9FE79FB04FD9334A1" bold="true" box="[482,539,1185,1206]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A274CC6EFFA1FFA9FE79FB04FD9334A1" box="[482,539,1185,1206]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Micrographs (SEM) of holotype, QM G331427. A. Overview of a fragment of sponge, showing the incorporation of large amounts of organic and inorganic debris; scale bar = 1 mm. B. Detail view of sponge, showing thin sheets over debris, including filamentous algae, gastropod shells and other carbonates; scale bar = 500 µm. C. Detail of sheets, showing aggregation of microrhabds in an unstructured, random arrangement; scale bar = 100 µm. D. Single microrhabd; scale bar = 30 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C329FE8CFFA1FFA9FF5CFAFDFC12365E" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8CAD07FFA1FFA9FF5CFAFDFA813616" blockId="9.[151,1436,1368,2006]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9477115FFA1FFA9FF5CFAFDFEC63566" bold="true" box="[199,334,1368,1393]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" reason="1">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
This species is named for Mary Kay Harper, College of Pharmacy, University of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F763E5FFA1FFA9FB6DFAFDFAA73566" box="[1270,1327,1368,1393]" country="United States of America" name="Utah" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Utah</collectingRegion>
|
||
, who is a close and extensive collaborator on the chemistry of these sponges, and whose painstaking chemical and morphometric observations on theonellids are helping to uncover suites of cryptic species. The chemical complement that Ms Harper has found in specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C33D684FFA1FFA9FC89FA61FC0A35CA" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1868" box="[786,898,1476,1501]" class="Demospongiae" family="Theonellidae" genus="Theonella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9477115FFA1FFA9FC89FA61FC0A35CA" box="[786,898,1476,1501]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Theonella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the western Pacific may be of taxonomic importance and we honour her contribution to sponge chemotaxonomy in naming this species for her.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8CAD07FFA1FFA9FF5CF9A8FC12365E" blockId="9.[151,1436,1368,2006]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9477115FFA1FFA9FF5CF9A8FE3F3631" bold="true" box="[199,439,1549,1574]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">DNA sequence data.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B5BA75AFFA1FFA9FE25F9A8FC1F365E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3325461330" accessionNumber="KJ494356" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
1
|
||
<emphasis id="B9477115FFA1FFA9FE49F9A8FD8A3633" box="[466,514,1549,1572]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">COI</emphasis>
|
||
barcode sequence was obtained for the
|
||
<typeStatus id="548813A5FFA1FFA9FC25F9A8FBA83631" box="[958,1056,1549,1574]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(GenBank Accession:
|
||
<accessionNumber id="946030E4FFA1FFA9FABAF9A8FA103631" box="[1313,1432,1549,1574]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KJ494356" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">KJ494356</accessionNumber>
|
||
; see Table 1); this sequence was 709 bp in length (including primers)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C329FE8CFFA1FFA9FF5CF9F0FD493686" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8CAD07FFA1FFA9FF5CF9F0FD493686" blockId="9.[151,1436,1368,2006]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9477115FFA1FFA9FF5CF9F0FE703679" bold="true" box="[199,504,1621,1646]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" reason="1">Ecology and distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
The single specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C33D684FFA1FFA9FC8BF9F3FC0F367A" authorityName="Hall & Ekins & Hooper" authorityYear="2014" box="[784,903,1622,1645]" class="Demospongiae" family="Theonellidae" genus="Theonella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="maricae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9477115FFA1FFA9FC8BF9F3FC0F367A" box="[784,903,1622,1645]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">T. maricae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was found in the inter-reef region of the Great Barrier Reef, within the Capricorn Bunker group.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C329FE8CFFA1FFAAFF5CF938FE85322A" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="461" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8CAD07FFA1FFA9FF5CF938FBED3751" blockId="9.[151,1436,1368,2006]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9477115FFA1FFA9FF5CF938FEB336A1" bold="true" box="[199,315,1693,1718]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" reason="1">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
We have, to date, found only
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D35668EFFA1FFA9FD14F938FCA236A1" box="[655,810,1693,1718]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C33D684FFA1FFA9FCCBF93BFC4F36A2" authorityName="Hall & Ekins & Hooper" authorityYear="2014" box="[848,967,1694,1717]" class="Demospongiae" family="Theonellidae" genus="Theonella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="maricae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9477115FFA1FFA9FCCBF93BFC4F36A2" box="[848,967,1694,1717]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">T. maricae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in our collection. This species is difficult to isolate macroscopically, and it is likely that more specimens remain yet to be identified. Our examination of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="548813A5FFA1FFA9FF0CF940FF7136E9" box="[151,249,1765,1790]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen shows that, like specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C33D684FFA1FFA9FD45F943FCC536E9" authorityName="Hall & Ekins & Hooper" authorityYear="2014" box="[734,845,1765,1790]" class="Demospongiae" family="Theonellidae" genus="Theonella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="deliqua">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9477115FFA1FFA9FD45F943FCC536E9" box="[734,845,1765,1790]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">T. deliqua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, large amounts of foreign sponge and non-sponge debris are incorporated into the structure of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C33D684FFA1FFA9FD3EF8ACFC943737" authorityName="Hall & Ekins & Hooper" authorityYear="2014" box="[677,796,1801,1824]" class="Demospongiae" family="Theonellidae" genus="Theonella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="maricae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9477115FFA1FFA9FD3EF8ACFC943737" box="[677,796,1801,1824]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">T. maricae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1308B182FFA1FFA9FCABF8ADFC3C3736" box="[816,948,1800,1825]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1185,1207]" captionTargetBox="[154,1432,197,1160]" captionTargetId="figure-396@9.[151,1435,193,1163]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Theonella maricae n. sp. Micrographs (SEM) of holotype, QM G331427. A. Overview of a fragment of sponge, showing the incorporation of large amounts of organic and inorganic debris; scale bar = 1 mm. B. Detail view of sponge, showing thin sheets over debris, including filamentous algae, gastropod shells and other carbonates; scale bar = 500 µm. C. Detail of sheets, showing aggregation of microrhabds in an unstructured, random arrangement; scale bar = 100 µm. D. Single microrhabd; scale bar = 30 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4919293" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4919293/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Figs 5A–B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Large amounts of filamentous algae, or possibly filamentous bacteria, can be observed within the overall mass of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="548813A5FFA1FFA9FC60F888FBE93751" box="[1019,1121,1837,1862]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8CAD07FFA1FFAAFF5CF8F4FBA030C2" blockId="9.[151,1436,1368,2006]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1436,151,573]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="461" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">
|
||
Measurements of the microrhabds of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="548813A5FFA1FFA9FD14F8F5FD79377E" box="[655,753,1872,1897]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C33D684FFA1FFA9FC8EF8F4FC05377F" authorityName="Hall & Ekins & Hooper" authorityYear="2014" box="[789,909,1873,1896]" class="Demospongiae" family="Theonellidae" genus="Theonella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="maricae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9477115FFA1FFA9FC8EF8F4FC05377F" box="[789,909,1873,1896]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">T. maricae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are in one class, with an average length of
|
||
<quantity id="4CCB00E2FFA1FFA9FAF0F8F5FF35379A" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" unit="mm" value="37.5">37.5 µm</quantity>
|
||
and covering a range from
|
||
<quantity id="4CCB00E2FFA1FFA9FE6AF8D0FD2F379A" box="[497,679,1909,1934]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.485" metricValueMax="5.16" metricValueMin="1.81" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" unit="mm" value="34.85" valueMax="51.6" valueMin="18.1">18.1 to 51.6 µm</quantity>
|
||
. This range follows a broadly normal distribution (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1308B182FFA1FFA9FB7AF8D0FAAD3799" box="[1249,1317,1909,1934]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1697,1719]" captionTargetBox="[157,1431,809,1668]" captionTargetId="figure-365@8.[150,1436,805,1675]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Summaries of statistics for sets of measurements of microrhabds from Theonella deliqua n. sp., Theonella maricae n. sp. and Theonella xantha (Sutcliffe, Hooper and Pitcher, 2010) n. comb. The boxes for each species include the minimum, maximum, mean, standard deviation and variance. A boxplot has been used to demonstrate the distributions of the means of the measurements for each species and to indicate significant differences among them. Outliers are indicated by asterisks (*). The ranges of the measurements for T. deliqua and T. xantha can be seen to be approximately equivalent, and are normally distributed. Stronger skew and Kurtosis are shown for the measurements for the specimens of T. maricae. Most measurements of the microrhabd length for T. maricae greatly exceed those of the other two species, as illustrated in the boxplot." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4919289" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4919289/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
), although it is skewed slightly towards the larger measurements, with the most frequent length approximately reaching 48.0 µm; the 95% confidence interval for the median measurement is
|
||
<quantity id="4CCB00E2FFA1FFA9FCE9F818FB9A37C2" box="[882,1042,1981,2006]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8049999999999997" metricValueMax="4.02" metricValueMin="3.59" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" unit="mm" value="38.05" valueMax="40.2" valueMin="35.9">35.9–40.2 µm</quantity>
|
||
. Detailed examination of the range of the spicules indicates that although the smallest recorded microrhabd measured
|
||
<quantity id="4CCB00E2FFA2FFAAFBC9FF32FB3D30A7" box="[1106,1205,151,176]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.81" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" unit="mm" value="18.1">18.1 µm</quantity>
|
||
, the majority of the spicules is much larger, with the microrhabs typically exceeding
|
||
<quantity id="4CCB00E2FFA2FFAAFCF6FF19FC3E30C3" box="[877,950,188,213]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" unit="mm" value="36.0">36 µm</quantity>
|
||
in length.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8CAD07FFA2FFAAFF5CFF7AFE85322A" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,573]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9477115FFA2FFAAFF5CFF7AFEC730EF" bold="true" box="[199,335,223,248]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" reason="1">Comments.</emphasis>
|
||
The description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C33D684FFA2FFAAFDA4FF44FD3F30E0" authorityName="Hall & Ekins & Hooper" authorityYear="2014" box="[575,695,224,248]" class="Demospongiae" family="Theonellidae" genus="Theonella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="maricae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9477115FFA2FFAAFDA4FF44FD3F30E0" box="[575,695,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">T. maricae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
adds a second species which does not contain megascleres to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C33D684FFA2FFAAFF0CFEA1FE8F310A" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1868" box="[151,263,260,285]" class="Demospongiae" family="Theonellidae" genus="Theonella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9477115FFA2FFAAFF0CFEA1FE8F310A" box="[151,263,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Theonella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. As with specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C33D684FFA2FFAAFD89FEA0FD09310A" authorityName="Hall & Ekins & Hooper" authorityYear="2014" box="[530,641,260,285]" class="Demospongiae" family="Theonellidae" genus="Theonella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="deliqua">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9477115FFA2FFAAFD89FEA0FD09310A" box="[530,641,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">T. deliqua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C33D684FFA2FFAAFCD7FEA0FC4B310B" authorityName="Hall & Ekins & Hooper" authorityYear="2014" box="[844,963,261,284]" class="Demospongiae" family="Theonellidae" genus="Theonella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="maricae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9477115FFA2FFAAFCD7FEA0FC4B310B" box="[844,963,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">T. maricae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is characterised largely by the absence of any tetractinal or monactinal structural megascleres; both species possess only microrhabds as the native spicule complement. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="548813A5FFA2FFAAFEFAFEE9FE4B3172" box="[353,451,332,357]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C33D684FFA2FFAAFE73FEE8FDD73173" authorityName="Hall & Ekins & Hooper" authorityYear="2014" box="[488,607,333,356]" class="Demospongiae" family="Theonellidae" genus="Theonella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="maricae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9477115FFA2FFAAFE73FEE8FDD73173" box="[488,607,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">T. maricae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinguished readily, however, from the specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C33D684FFA2FFAAFB7AFEE8FAD83172" authorityName="Hall & Ekins & Hooper" authorityYear="2014" box="[1249,1360,332,357]" class="Demospongiae" family="Theonellidae" genus="Theonella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="deliqua">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9477115FFA2FFAAFB7AFEE8FAD83172" box="[1249,1360,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">T. deliqua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the size and shape of the microscleres. The microrhabds of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C33D684FFA2FFAAFC8AFED4FC013190" authorityName="Hall & Ekins & Hooper" authorityYear="2014" box="[785,905,368,392]" class="Demospongiae" family="Theonellidae" genus="Theonella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="maricae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9477115FFA2FFAAFC8AFED4FC013190" box="[785,905,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">T. maricae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are typically at least twice as large as those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C33D684FFA2FFAAFF0CFE30FE8E31BA" authorityName="Hall & Ekins & Hooper" authorityYear="2014" box="[151,262,404,429]" class="Demospongiae" family="Theonellidae" genus="Theonella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="deliqua">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9477115FFA2FFAAFF0CFE30FE8E31BA" box="[151,262,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">T. deliqua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="4CCB00E2FFA2FFAAFE8DFE31FEE931BB" box="[278,353,404,429]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" unit="mm" value="38.0">38 µm</quantity>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9477115FFA2FFAAFEF2FE30FEF231BB" box="[361,378,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">v.</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="4CCB00E2FFA2FFAAFE19FE31FE4731BA" box="[386,463,404,429]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 µm</quantity>
|
||
). The spines along the rhabd are small and blunt, measuring less than the width of the shaft; this is in contrast to the long and sharply pointed spines along the microrhabds of
|
||
<emphasis id="B9477115FFA2FFAAFB02FE1CFA9831C7" box="[1177,1296,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C33D684FFA2FFAAFB02FE1CFA8431C7" authorityName="Hall & Ekins & Hooper" authorityYear="2014" box="[1177,1292,439,464]" class="Demospongiae" family="Theonellidae" genus="Theonella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="deliqua">T. deliqua</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The overall composition of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C33D684FFA2FFAAFED6FE78FE4C31E3" authorityName="Hall & Ekins & Hooper" authorityYear="2014" box="[333,452,477,500]" class="Demospongiae" family="Theonellidae" genus="Theonella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="maricae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9477115FFA2FFAAFED6FE78FE4C31E3" box="[333,452,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">T. maricae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
incorporates a variety of foreign debris and seafloor rubble, further distinguishing it from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C33D684FFA2FFAAFF4EFDA4FECD320F" authorityName="Hall & Ekins & Hooper" authorityYear="2014" box="[213,325,511,536]" class="Demospongiae" family="Theonellidae" genus="Theonella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="deliqua">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9477115FFA2FFAAFF4EFDA4FECD320F" box="[213,325,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">T. deliqua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which encrusts almost exclusively over the live and dead shells of a single species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C33D684FFA2FFAAFABFFE5AFA14320F" authorityName="Guettard" authorityYear="1770" box="[1316,1436,511,536]" class="Gastropoda" family="Siliquariidae" genus="Tenagodus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9477115FFA2FFAAFABFFE5AFA14320F" box="[1316,1436,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Tenagodus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
gastropod.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |