310 lines
34 KiB
XML
310 lines
34 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="82F5A26FAC9ADABABC668B444EB2A1EC">Geographic distribution of the hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) of the world by countries and territories</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9CA45590A4A1EBD34955E35CA7191A61">Guglielmone, Alberto A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="FB610281AEE10FADFF8701F86D69F868" type="email">guglielmone.alberto@inta.gob.ar</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="E5DB0D62591045C1AD2BD7CDF6C6B219">Nava, Santiago</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="508C15B647AE6276610082B43F4B29C0">Robbins, Richard G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="249CD661FD9804242F3D5AB62B090E07">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="52464FEB1F95A569836C599D8A411D02">2023</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03966A560FEBC7EBBABF8F51B135F881" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7718457" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209449924" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7718457" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03966A560FEBC7EBBABF8F51B135F881" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03966A560FEBC7EBBABF8F51B135F881" lastPageNumber="129" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">
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<subSubSection id="C32588CB0FEBC7EBBABF8F51B73CFBB1" box="[151,594,1122,1149]" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B80DB400FEBC7EBBABF8F51B73CFBB1" blockId="128.[151,1437,1122,1869]" box="[151,594,1122,1149]" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520FEBC7EBBABF8F51B5D5FBB1" bold="true" box="[151,187,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">77.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30FEBC7EBBAEA8F50B720FBB1" ID-CoL="6X5HG" ID-ENA="72861" authority="Koch, 1844 a" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[194,590,1122,1149]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simus">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520FEBC7EBBAEA8F50B4DDFBB1" bold="true" box="[194,435,1122,1149]" italics="true" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">Rhipicephalus simus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10FEBC7EBBB938F51B720FBB1" author="Koch, C. L." box="[443,590,1123,1149]" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" pagination="217 - 239" refId="ref219297" refString="Koch, C. L. (1844 a) Systematische Ubersicht ¸ ber die Ordnung der Zecken. Archiv f ¸ r Naturgeschichte, 10, 217 - 239. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 29560" type="journal article" year="1844">Koch, 1844a</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32588CB0FEBC7EBB87F8F51B62EFB09" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8B80DB400FEBC7EBB87F8F51B62EFB09" blockId="128.[151,1437,1122,1869]" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">
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Afrotropical: 1)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00FEBC7EBB9278F51B60AFBB1" box="[783,868,1123,1149]" name="Angola" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">Angola</collectingCountry>
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, 2)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00FEBC7EBB9A78F51B16EFBB1" box="[911,1024,1123,1149]" name="Botswana" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">Botswana</collectingCountry>
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, 3)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00FEBC7EBBE038F51B1FEFBB1" box="[1067,1168,1123,1149]" name="Swaziland" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">Eswatini</collectingCountry>
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, 4)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00FEBC7EBBE928F51B07CFBB1" box="[1210,1298,1123,1149]" name="Malawi" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">Malawi</collectingCountry>
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, 5)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00FEBC7EBBF158F51B5B6FB6D" name="Mozambique" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
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, 6)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00FEBC7EBBB2B8FB5B408FB6D" box="[259,358,1159,1185]" name="Namibia" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">Namibia</collectingCountry>
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, 7)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00FEBC7EBBBB88FB5B74FFB6D" box="[400,545,1159,1185]" name="South Africa" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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, 8)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00FEBC7EBB8648FB5B7CAFB6D" box="[588,676,1159,1185]" name="Zambia" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">Zambia</collectingCountry>
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, 9)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00FEBC7EBB8E68FB5B628FB6D" box="[718,838,1159,1185]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10FEBC7EBB97D8FB5B139FB6D" author="Norval, R. A. I. & Mason, C. A." box="[853,1111,1159,1185]" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" pagination="2 - 9" refId="ref236719" refString="Norval, R. A. I. & Mason, C. A. (1981) The ticks of Zimbabwe. II The life cycle, distribution and hosts of Rhipicephalus simus Koch, 1844. Zimbabwe Veterinary Journal, 12, 2 - 9." type="journal article" year="1981">Norval & Mason 1981</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10FEBC7EBBE4B8FB5B05BFB6D" author="Walker, J. B. & Keirans, J. E. & Horak, I. G." box="[1123,1333,1159,1185]" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" refId="ref263510" refString="Walker, J. B., Keirans, J. E. & Horak, I. G. (2000) The genus Rhipicephalus (Acari: Ixodidae): a guide to the brown ticks of the world. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 643 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / CBO 9780511661754" type="book" year="2000">
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Walker
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<emphasis id="B94B07520FEBC7EBBE928FB5B19DFB6D" box="[1210,1267,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">et al.</emphasis>
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2000
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10FEBC7EBBF688FB5B5BCFB09" author="Kolonin, G. V." pageId="128" pageNumber="129" refId="ref221361" refString="Kolonin, G. V. (2009) Fauna of ixodid ticks of the world. https: // archive. is / CtZk. Last accessed February 11, 2022." type="url" year="2009">Kolonin 2009</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10FEBC7EBBAF58F99B4CAFB09" author="Horak, I. G. & Heyne, H. & Williams, R. & Gallivan, G. J. & Spickett, A. & Bezuidenhout, J. D. & Estrada-Pena, A." box="[221,420,1195,1221]" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" refId="ref208796" refString="Horak, I. G., Heyne, H., Williams, R., Gallivan, G. J., Spickett, A., Bezuidenhout, J. D. & Estrada-Pena, A. (2018) The ixodid ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of southern Africa. Springer, Cham, 676 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 319 - 70642 - 9" type="book" year="2018">
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Horak
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<emphasis id="B94B07520FEBC7EBBB028F99B40CFB09" box="[298,354,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">et al.</emphasis>
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2018
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10FEBC7EBBB878F99B711FB09" author="Ledger, K. J. & Beati, L. & Wisely, S. M." box="[431,639,1195,1221]" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" pagination="1 - 25" refId="ref225189" refString="Ledger, K. J., Beati, L. & Wisely, S. M. (2021) Survey of ticks and tick-borne rickettsial and protozoan pathogens in Eswatini. Pathogens, 10 (article 1043), 1 - 25. https: // doi. org / 10.3390 / pathogens 10081043" type="journal article" year="2021">
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Ledger
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<emphasis id="B94B07520FEBC7EBB82D8F99B750FB09" box="[517,574,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">et al.</emphasis>
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2021
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10FEBC7EBB8A28F99B65DFB09" author="Sili, G. & Byaruhanga, C. & Horak, I. & Steyn, H. & Chaisi, M. & Oosthuizen, M. C. & Neves, L." box="[650,819,1195,1221]" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" pagination="1097 - 1102" refId="ref254450" refString="Sili, G., Byaruhanga, C., Horak, I., Steyn, H., Chaisi, M., Oosthuizen, M. C. & Neves, L. (2021) Ticks and tick-borne pathogens infecting livestock and dogs in Tchicala-Tcholoanga, Huambo Province, Angola. Parasitology Research, 120, 1097 - 1102. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00436 - 020 - 07009 - 3" type="journal article" year="2021">
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Sili
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<emphasis id="B94B07520FEBC7EBB8908F99B79FFB09" box="[696,753,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">et al.</emphasis>
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2021
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</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C32588CB0FEBC7EBBAEF8FFDB135F881" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B80DB400FEBC7EBBAEF8FFDB027F9E1" blockId="128.[151,1437,1122,1869]" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10FEBC7EBBAEF8FFDB4EEFB25" author="Keirans, J. E." box="[199,384,1230,1257]" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" pagination="1 - 1785" refId="ref214582" refString="Keirans, J. E. (1985 b) George Henry Falkiner Nuttall and the Nuttall tick catalogue. United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Miscellaneous Publication, (1438), 1 - 1785. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 65326" type="journal article" year="1985">Keirans (1985b)</bibRefCitation>
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found more than ten species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30FEBC7EBB8D08FFDB6F6FB25" authorityName="C.L.Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[760,920,1231,1257]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B94B07520FEBC7EBB8D08FFDB6F6FB25" box="[760,920,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">Rhipicephalus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
that have been confused with
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30FEBC7EBBED48FFDB5B9FAC0" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simus">
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||
<emphasis id="B94B07520FEBC7EBBED48FFDB5B9FAC0" italics="true" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">Rhipicephalus simus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
. Additionally,
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30FEBC7EBBB558FC1B70AFAC0" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[381,612,1267,1293]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simus">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520FEBC7EBBB558FC1B70AFAC0" box="[381,612,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">Rhipicephalus simus</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
had been extensively confused with
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30FEBC7EBBE298FC1B04EFAC1" authorityName="Morel & Vassiliades" authorityYear="1965" box="[1025,1312,1267,1293]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muhsamae">
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||
<emphasis id="B94B07520FEBC7EBBE298FC1B04EFAC1" box="[1025,1312,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">Rhipicephalus muhsamae</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
and
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30FEBC7EBBF7E8FC1B4E1FAFC" authorityName="Gerstacker" authorityYear="1873" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="praetextatus">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520FEBC7EBBF7E8FC1B4E1FAFC" italics="true" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">Rhipicephalus praetextatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
prior to the study of
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10FEBC7EBB8A58E25B6E4FAFD" author="Pegram, R. G. & Walker, J. B. & Clifford, C. M. & Keirans, J. E." box="[653,906,1303,1329]" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" pagination="666 - 682" refId="ref241994" refString="Pegram, R. G., Walker, J. B., Clifford, C. M. & Keirans, J. E. (1987 a) Comparison of populations of the Rhipicephalus simus group: R. simus, R. praetextatus, and R. muhsamae (Acari: Ixodidae). Journal of Medical Entomology, 24, 666 - 682. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jmedent / 24.6.666" type="journal article" year="1987">
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Pegram
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||
<emphasis id="B94B07520FEBC7EBB8C48E25B649FAFD" box="[748,807,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1987a)
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
, who provided characters for separating these species. Nevertheless,
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10FEBC7EBBBBB8E09B71CFA99" author="Walker, J. B. & Keirans, J. E. & Horak, I. G." box="[403,626,1339,1365]" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" refId="ref263510" refString="Walker, J. B., Keirans, J. E. & Horak, I. G. (2000) The genus Rhipicephalus (Acari: Ixodidae): a guide to the brown ticks of the world. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 643 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / CBO 9780511661754" type="book" year="2000">
|
||
Walker
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520FEBC7EBBBC18E09B74FFA99" box="[489,545,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2000)
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||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
stressed the difficulties involved in morphologically separating adults of the above species, and differentiation of their immature stages is even more problematic, an issue underscored by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10FEBC7EBBABF8EB1B403FA51" author="Horak, I. G. & Heyne, H. & Williams, R. & Gallivan, G. J. & Spickett, A. & Bezuidenhout, J. D. & Estrada-Pena, A." box="[151,365,1411,1437]" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" refId="ref208796" refString="Horak, I. G., Heyne, H., Williams, R., Gallivan, G. J., Spickett, A., Bezuidenhout, J. D. & Estrada-Pena, A. (2018) The ixodid ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of southern Africa. Springer, Cham, 676 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 319 - 70642 - 9" type="book" year="2018">
|
||
Horak
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520FEBC7EBBACB8EB1B474FA51" box="[227,282,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2018)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who added
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520FEBC7EBBBDE8EB1B69BFA51" box="[502,1013,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30FEBC7EBBBDE8EB1B7B9FA51" box="[502,727,1411,1437]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="follis">Rhipicephalus follis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30FEBC7EBB8C98EB1B69BFA51" authorityName="Feldman-Muhsam" authorityYear="1960" box="[737,1013,1411,1437]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gertrudae">Rhipicephalus gertrudae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30FEBC7EBBE028EB1B05EFA50" box="[1066,1328,1411,1437]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tricuspis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520FEBC7EBBE028EB1B05EFA50" box="[1066,1328,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">Rhipicephalus tricuspis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to the list of species whose immature stages can be differentiated from those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30FEBC7EBB98B8E95B1E4FA0C" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[931,1162,1447,1473]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520FEBC7EBB98B8E95B1E4FA0C" box="[931,1162,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">Rhipicephalus simus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
only with extreme difficulty. It follows that several supposed records of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30FEBC7EBB8918EF9B6F1FA28" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[697,927,1483,1509]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520FEBC7EBB8918EF9B6F1FA28" box="[697,927,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">Rhipicephalus simus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
should be treated with caution. The problems involved in precisely identifying
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30FEBC7EBB8388EDDB796F9C4" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[528,760,1519,1545]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520FEBC7EBB8388EDDB796F9C4" box="[528,760,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">Rhipicephalus simus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
led
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10FEBC7EBB9038EDDB161F9C5" author="Walker, J. B. & Keirans, J. E. & Horak, I. G." box="[811,1039,1519,1545]" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" refId="ref263510" refString="Walker, J. B., Keirans, J. E. & Horak, I. G. (2000) The genus Rhipicephalus (Acari: Ixodidae): a guide to the brown ticks of the world. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 643 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / CBO 9780511661754" type="book" year="2000">
|
||
Walker
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520FEBC7EBB9AB8EDDB6D3F9C5" box="[899,957,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2000)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
to regard the northern limit of this tick as uncertain, and our geographic distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30FEBC7EBB8CA8D21B6A7F9E0" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[738,969,1555,1581]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520FEBC7EBB8CA8D21B6A7F9E0" box="[738,969,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">Rhipicephalus simus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
should be considered provisional.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B80DB400FEBC7EBBAEF8D05B135F881" blockId="128.[151,1437,1122,1869]" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">
|
||
Records of this tick in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00FEBC7EBBBE38D05B760F99D" box="[459,526,1591,1617]" name="Egypt" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">Egypt</collectingCountry>
|
||
are based on specimens collected from imported domestic animals (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10FEBC7EBBF3D8D05B5BAF9B9" author="Okely, M. & Chen, Z. & Anan, R. & Gad-Allah, S." pageId="128" pageNumber="129" pagination="811 - 838" refId="ref238447" refString="Okely, M., Chen, Z., Anan, R. & Gad-Allah, S. (2022) Updated checklist of the hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of Egypt, with notes of livestock host and tick-borne pathogens. Systematic & Applied Acarology, 27, 811 - 838. https: // doi. org / 10.11158 / saa. 27.5.1" type="journal article" year="2022">
|
||
Okely
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520FEBC7EBBF4B8D05B0F3F99D" box="[1379,1437,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2022
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10FEBC7EBBACE8D69B4F2F9B9" author="Iori, A. & Lanfranchi, P. & Manilla, G." box="[230,412,1627,1653]" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" pagination="571 - 573" refId="ref211111" refString="Iori, A., Lanfranchi, P. & Manilla, G. (1996) Contribution to the knowledge of Ixodidae ticks of wild mammals of Somalia. Parassitologia, 38, 571 - 573." type="journal article" year="1996">
|
||
Iori
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520FEBC7EBBB3C8D69B422F9B9" box="[276,332,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1996)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
allegedly collected specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30FEBC7EBB93B8D69B694F9B8" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[787,1018,1627,1653]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520FEBC7EBB93B8D69B694F9B8" box="[787,1018,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">Rhipicephalus simus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00FEBC7EBBE348D69B115F9B9" box="[1052,1147,1627,1653]" name="Somalia" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">Somalia</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10FEBC7EBBEAD8D69B037F9B9" author="Lynen, G. & Zeman, P. & Bakuname, C. & Di Giulio, G. & Mtui, P. & Sanka, P. & Jongejan, F." box="[1157,1369,1627,1653]" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" pagination="303 - 319" refId="ref227161" refString="Lynen, G., Zeman, P., Bakuname, C., Di Giulio, G., Mtui, P., Sanka, P. & Jongejan, F. (2007) Cattle ticks of the genera Rhipicephalus and Amblyomma of economic importance in Tanzania: distribution assessed with GIS based on an extensive field survey. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 43, 303 - 319. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10493 - 007 - 9123 - 9" type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Lynen
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520FEBC7EBBEF98D69B067F9B9" box="[1233,1289,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2007)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
listed this tick as found in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00FEBC7EBBB558D4DB48BF955" box="[381,485,1663,1689]" name="Tanzania" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10FEBC7EBB8098D4DB663F955" author="Lorusso, V. & Picozzi, K. & de Bronsvoort, B. M. & Majekodunmi, A. & Dongkum, C. & Igweh, A. & Balak, G. & Welburn, S. C." box="[545,781,1663,1689]" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref226524" refString="Lorusso, V., Picozzi, K., de Bronsvoort, B. M., Majekodunmi, A., Dongkum, C. Igweh, A., Balak, G. & Welburn, S. C. (2013) Ixodid ticks of traditionally managed cattle in central Nigeria: where Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus does not dare (yet?). Parasites & Vectors, 6 (article 171), 1 - 10. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / 1756 - 3305 - 6 - 171" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Lorusso
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520FEBC7EBB8AA8D4DB7D5F955" box="[642,699,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2013)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
classified as “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30FEBC7EBB99A8D4DB1F7F954" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[946,1177,1663,1689]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520FEBC7EBB99A8D4DB1F7F954" box="[946,1177,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">Rhipicephalus simus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group” tick specimens collected in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00FEBC7EBBB0E8D91B413F971" box="[294,381,1699,1725]" name="Nigeria" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
, while
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10FEBC7EBBBFB8D91B7ACF971" author="Wahedi, J. A. & Ande, A. T. & Pukuma, M. S. & David, C. & Danladi, T. & Adokwe, J. B." box="[467,706,1699,1725]" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" pagination="1 - 4" refId="ref262743" refString="Wahedi, J. A., Ande, A. T., Pukuma, M. S., David, C., Danladi, T. & Adokwe, J. B. (2020) A survey of ticks infestation on some domestic animals in Mubi, Adamawa State, Nigeria. European Journal of Biology and Biotechnology, 1 (3), 1 - 4. https: // doi. org / 10.24018 / ejbio. 2020.1.3.25" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Wahedi
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520FEBC7EBB81A8D91B703F971" box="[562,621,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2020)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
asserted that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30FEBC7EBB94C8D91B120F970" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[868,1102,1699,1725]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520FEBC7EBB94C8D91B120F970" box="[868,1102,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">Rhipicephalus simus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
definitely occurs in the lastnamed country.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10FEBC7EBBB618DF5B72BF92D" author="Balinandi, S. & Chitimia-Dobler, L. & Grandi, G. & Nakayiki, T. & Kabasa, W. & Bbira, J. & Lutwama, J. J. & Bakkes, D. K. & Malmberg, M. & Mugisha, L." box="[329,581,1735,1761]" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" pagination="2411 - 2420" refId="ref174530" refString="Balinandi, S., Chitimia-Dobler, L., Grandi, G., Nakayiki, T., Kabasa, W., Bbira, J., Lutwama, J. J., Bakkes, D. K., Malmberg, M. & Mugisha, L. (2020) Morphological and molecular identification of ixodid tick species (Acari: Ixodidae) infesting cattle in Uganda. Parasitology Research, 119, 2411 - 2420. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00436 - 020 - 06742 - z" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Balinandi
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520FEBC7EBBB958DF5B49AF92D" box="[445,500,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2020)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recorded
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30FEBC7EBB89C8DF5B6F5F92C" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[692,923,1735,1761]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520FEBC7EBB89C8DF5B6F5F92C" box="[692,923,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">Rhipicephalus simus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00FEBC7EBB9958DF5B176F92D" box="[957,1048,1735,1761]" name="Uganda" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">Uganda</collectingCountry>
|
||
. However, the presence of this tick in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00FEBC7EBBA9B8DD9B464F8C9" box="[179,266,1771,1797]" name="Nigeria" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00FEBC7EBBB3D8DD9B41AF8C9" box="[277,372,1771,1797]" name="Somalia" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">Somalia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00FEBC7EBBB568DD9B488F8C9" box="[382,486,1771,1797]" name="Tanzania" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00FEBC7EBBBD88DD9B729F8C9" box="[496,583,1771,1797]" name="Uganda" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">Uganda</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00FEBC7EBB8548DD9B7ABF8C9" box="[636,709,1771,1797]" name="Kenya" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10FEBC7EBB8FB8DD9B6CBF8C9" author="Heylen, D. & Day, M. & Schunack, B. & Fourie, J. & Labuschange, M. & Johnson, S. & Githigia, S. M. & Akande, F. A. & Nzalawahe, J. S. & Tayebwa, D. S. & Aschenborn, O. & Marcondes, M. & Madder, M." box="[723,933,1771,1797]" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" pagination="1 - 20" refId="ref201687" refString="Heylen, D., Day, M., Schunack, B., Fourie, J., Labuschange, M., Johnson, S., Githigia, S. M., Akande, F. A., Nzalawahe, J. S., Tayebwa, D. S., Aschenborn, O., Marcondes, M. & Madder, M. (2021) A community approach of pathogens and their arthropod vectors (ticks and fleas) in dogs of African Sub-Sahara. Parasites & Vectors, 14 (1) (article 576), 1 - 20. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 13071 - 021 - 05014 - 8" type="journal article" year="2021">
|
||
Heylen
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520FEBC7EBB9048DD9B60AF8C9" box="[812,868,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10FEBC7EBB9878DD9B108F8C9" author="Peter, S. G. & Kariuki, H. W. & Aboge, G. O. & Gakuya, D. W. & Maingi, N. & Mulei, C. M." box="[943,1126,1771,1797]" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" pagination="1 - 11" refId="ref242723" refString="Peter, S. G., Kariuki, H. W., Aboge, G. O., Gakuya, D. W., Maingi, N. & Mulei, C. M. (2021) Prevalence of ticks infesting dairy cattle and the pathogens they harbour in smallholder farms in peri-urban areas of Nairobi, Kenya. Veterinary Medicine International, 2021 (article 9501648), 1 - 11. https: // doi. org / 10.1155 / 2021 / 9501648" type="journal article" year="2021">
|
||
Peter
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520FEBC7EBB9C78DD9B149F8C9" box="[1007,1063,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) requires confirmation, and we provisionally exclude these countries from the range of
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520FEBC7EBB9048C3DB174F8E4" box="[812,1050,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30FEBC7EBB9048C3DB178F8E4" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[812,1046,1807,1833]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simus">Rhipicephalus simus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Records of this tick from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00FEBC7EBBF158C3DB0F2F8E5" box="[1341,1436,1807,1833]" name="Pakistan" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10FEBC7EBBAB78C01B43DF881" author="Aziz, S. & Shah, S. F. & Amin, F. & Khan, M. A. & Ahmad, M." box="[159,339,1843,1869]" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" pagination="85 - 96" refId="ref174222" refString="Aziz, S., Shah, S. F., Amin, F., Khan, M. A. & Ahmad, M. (2018) Taxonomic study of arthropod pests of livestock in District Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Pakistan Journal of Life and Social Sciences, 16, 85 - 96." type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Aziz
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520FEBC7EBBAF48C01B47BF881" box="[220,277,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and others) and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00FEBC7EBB8268C01B726F881" box="[526,584,1843,1869]" name="India" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10FEBC7EBB87E8C01B647F881" author="Nataraj, N. & Muthuraman, K. & Ayyanar, E. & Ashokkumar, M. & Kumar, A. & Srinivasan, L. & Devaraju, P." box="[598,809,1843,1869]" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" pagination="627 - 632" refId="ref234012" refString="Nataraj, N., Muthuraman, K., Ayyanar, E., Ashokkumar, M., Kumar, A., Srinivasan, L. & Devaraju, P. (2021) Ectoparasite diversity in pets and livestock from Puducherry, India, International Journal of Acarology, 47, 627 - 632. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 01647954.2021.1968494" type="journal article" year="2021">
|
||
Nataraj
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520FEBC7EBB8998C01B784F881" box="[689,746,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) also require confirmation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |