363 lines
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363 lines
40 KiB
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<document id="978A15BE1FC35FCEF1B4D8D6A233A5DB" ID-CLB-Dataset="235222" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5251.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="43227427-a867-4744-9e4c-2b2302524890" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7704190" ID-ZooBank="3326BF76-A2FB-4244-BA4C-D0AF81F55637" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1678178331427" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Guglielmone, Alberto A., Nava, Santiago & Robbins, Richard G." docDate="2023" docId="03966A560F58C758BABF882DB16EF875" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5251.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5251 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5251.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Amblyomma lepidum Donitz 1909" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="52" masterDocId="FFAF122E0F6BC76BBA288B32B56EFFCC" masterDocTitle="Geographic distribution of the hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) of the world by countries and territories" masterLastPageNumber="274" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="52" updateTime="1699476275219" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="50F74A07685A8941BE94539DE5D3F882">Geographic distribution of the hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) of the world by countries and territories</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F15EF85E22319C86B831981BF1E52116">Guglielmone, Alberto A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6AEACCAFFF4010018DBC4A6F3FDEAFEC">Nava, Santiago</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="52509C7BB417714E9E494F19B040844E">Robbins, Richard G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="036D0645F1E43A02BE4E961679CDCBAB">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="A4AE2340ED6D3DDA6404981239836D26">2023</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03966A560F58C758BABF882DB16EF875" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7717715" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209449557" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7717715" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03966A560F58C758BABF882DB16EF875" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03966A560F58C758BABF882DB16EF875" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
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<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F58C758BABF882DB733FCF5" box="[151,605,798,827]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B80DB400F58C758BABF882DB733FCF5" blockId="51.[151,1437,798,1977]" box="[151,605,798,827]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F58C758BABF882DB5D5FCF5" bold="true" box="[151,187,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">68.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F58C758BAE9882CB736FCF5" ID-CoL="5TZK6" ID-ENA="492568" authorityName="Donitz" authorityYear="1909" box="[193,600,798,827]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lepidum">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F58C758BAE9882CB4D7FCF5" bold="true" box="[193,441,798,825]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Amblyomma lepidum</emphasis>
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D ö nitz, 1909
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F58C758B84B882DB4ADFBDD" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8B80DB400F58C758B84B882DB4ADFBDD" blockId="51.[151,1437,798,1977]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
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Afrotropical: 1)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F58C758B935882DB152FCF5" box="[797,1084,799,825]" name="Central African Republic" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Central African Republic</collectingCountry>
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, 2)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F58C758BE40882DB1CDFCF5" box="[1128,1187,799,825]" name="Chad" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Chad</collectingCountry>
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(south), 3)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F58C758BF01882DB016FCF5" box="[1321,1400,799,825]" name="Eritrea" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Eritrea</collectingCountry>
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, 4)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F58C758BABF8871B597FC91" box="[151,249,835,861]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
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, 5)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F58C758BB0B8871B401FC91" box="[291,367,835,861]" name="Kenya" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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, 6)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F58C758BBB18871B49FFC91" box="[409,497,835,861]" name="Malawi" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Malawi</collectingCountry>
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, 7)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F58C758B8348871B715FC91" box="[540,635,835,861]" name="Somalia" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Somalia</collectingCountry>
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, 8)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F58C758B88D8871B659FC91" box="[677,823,835,861]" name="South Sudan" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">South Sudan</collectingCountry>
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, 9)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F58C758B9498871B6C4FC91" box="[865,938,835,861]" name="Sudan" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Sudan</collectingCountry>
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, 10)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F58C758B9C98871B127FC91" box="[993,1097,835,861]" name="Tanzania" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
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, 11)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F58C758BEA88871B1B4FC91" box="[1152,1242,835,861]" name="Uganda" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Uganda</collectingCountry>
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, 12)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F58C758BF3A8871B005FC91" box="[1298,1387,835,861]" name="Zambia" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Zambia</collectingCountry>
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; Palearctic: undefined whether there are established populations in
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F58C758B94F8855B6D5FC4D" box="[871,955,871,897]" name="Cyprus" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Cyprus</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F58C758B9EF8855B163FC4D" box="[967,1037,871,897]" name="Egypt" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Egypt</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F58C758BE308855B126FC4D" box="[1048,1096,871,897]" name="Iraq" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Iraq</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F58C758BE7C8855B1FCFC4D" box="[1108,1170,871,897]" name="Israel" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Israel</collectingCountry>
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or
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F58C758BE918855B19AFC4D" box="[1209,1268,871,897]" name="Syria" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Syria</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F58C758BF2B8855B0F6FC4D" author="Theiler, G." box="[1283,1432,871,897]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refId="ref258651" refString="Theiler, G. (1962) The Ixodoidea parasites of vertebrates in Africa south of the Sahara (Ethiopian region). Report to the Director of Veterinary Services, Onderstepoort, South Africa, Project S. 9958, 260 pp." type="book" year="1962">Theiler 1962</bibRefCitation>
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, K ö hler
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F58C758BAC588B9B449FC69" box="[237,295,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">et al.</emphasis>
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1967,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F58C758BB5E88B9B7E5FC69" author="Yeoman, G. H. & Walker, J. B." box="[374,651,907,933]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refId="ref266297" refString="Yeoman, G. H. & Walker, J. B. (1967) The ixodid ticks of Tanzania. A study of the zoogeography of the Ixodidae of an East African country. Commonwealth Institute of Entomology, London, 215 pp." type="book" year="1967">Yeoman & Walker 1967</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F58C758B8B088B9B671FC69" author="Colbo, M. H." box="[664,799,907,933]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="97 - 105" refId="ref184126" refString="Colbo, M. H. (1973) Ticks of Zambian wild animals: a preliminary checklist. Puku, (7), 97 - 105." type="journal article" year="1973">Colbo 1973</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F58C758B9E388B9B10AFC69" author="Pegram, R. G." box="[971,1124,907,933]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="345 - 363" refId="ref241693" refString="Pegram, R. G. (1976) Ticks (Acarina, Ixodoidea) of the northern regions of the Somali Democratic Republic. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 66, 345 - 363. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 000748530000674 X" type="journal article" year="1976">Pegram 1976</bibRefCitation>
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Jongejan
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F58C758BEF588B9B078FC69" box="[1245,1302,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">et al.</emphasis>
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1987
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F58C758B90288E1B6A0FC21" author="Burridge, M. J." box="[810,974,979,1005]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refId="ref178986" refString="Burridge, M. J. (2011) Non-Native and Invasive Ticks. Threats to Human and Animal Health in the United States. University of Florida Press, Gainesville, 448 pp." type="book" year="2011">Burridge 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F58C758B9F088E1B18AFC21" author="ElGhali, A. & Hassan, S. M." box="[984,1252,979,1005]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 6" refId="ref191264" refString="ElGhali, A. & Hassan, S. M. (2012) Ticks infesting animals in the Sudan and southern Sudan: past and current status: research communication. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 79, 1 - 6. https: // doi. org / 10.4102 / ojvr. v 79 i 1.431" type="journal article" year="2012">ElGhali & Hassan 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
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,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F58C758BEC788E1B5BCFBDD" author="Uilenberg, G. & Estrada-Pena, A. & Thal, J." pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 40" refId="ref260920" refString="Uilenberg, G., Estrada-Pena, A. & Thal, J. (2013) Ticks of the Central African Republic. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 60, 1 - 40. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10493 - 012 - 9605 - 2" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
|
Uilenberg
|
|
<emphasis id="B94B07520F58C758BF4D88E1B0F3FC21" box="[1381,1437,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2013
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F58C758BAF588C5B4D8FBDD" author="Olivieri, E. & Kariuki, E. & Floriano, A. M. & Castelli, M. & Tafesse, Y. M. & Magoga, G. & Kumsa, B. & Montagna, B. & Sassera, D." box="[221,438,1015,1041]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="427 - 448" refId="ref239145" refString="Olivieri, E., Kariuki, E., Floriano, A. M., Castelli, M., Tafesse, Y. M., Magoga, G., Kumsa, B., Montagna, B. & Sassera, D. (2021) Multi-country investigation of the diversity and associated microorganisms isolated from tick species from domestic animals, wildlife and vegetation in selected African countries. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 83, 427 - 448. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10493 - 021 - 00598 - 3" type="journal article" year="2021">
|
|
Olivieri
|
|
<emphasis id="B94B07520F58C758BB1388C5B41AFBDD" box="[315,372,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2021
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F58C758BAEF8F29B16EF875" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="discussion">
|
|
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F58C758BAEF8F29B40EFBB1" blockId="51.[151,1437,798,1977]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F58C758BAEF8F29B489FBF9" author="Yeoman, G. H. & Walker, J. B." box="[199,487,1051,1077]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refId="ref266297" refString="Yeoman, G. H. & Walker, J. B. (1967) The ixodid ticks of Tanzania. A study of the zoogeography of the Ixodidae of an East African country. Commonwealth Institute of Entomology, London, 215 pp." type="book" year="1967">Yeoman & Walker (1967)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
stated that morphological separation of the female of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F58C758BE6A8F29B040FBF9" box="[1090,1326,1051,1077]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lepidum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94B07520F58C758BE6A8F29B040FBF9" box="[1090,1326,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Amblyomma lepidum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
from that of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F58C758BA9E8F0DB4A4FB94" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[182,458,1087,1113]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variegatum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94B07520F58C758BA9E8F0DB4A4FB94" box="[182,458,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Amblyomma variegatum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is difficult, casting doubt on the identification of specimens of these species in several published studies.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F58C758BAEF8FB5B7CCFAC1" blockId="51.[151,1437,798,1977]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F58C758BAEF8FB5B4A8FB6D" author="Uilenberg, G. & Estrada-Pena, A. & Thal, J." box="[199,454,1159,1185]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 40" refId="ref260920" refString="Uilenberg, G., Estrada-Pena, A. & Thal, J. (2013) Ticks of the Central African Republic. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 60, 1 - 40. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10493 - 012 - 9605 - 2" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
|
Uilenberg
|
|
<emphasis id="B94B07520F58C758BB158FB5B41BFB6D" box="[317,373,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
(2013)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
stated that it is uncertain whether natural populations of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F58C758BE168FB5B044FB6D" box="[1086,1322,1159,1185]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lepidum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94B07520F58C758BE168FB5B044FB6D" box="[1086,1322,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Amblyomma lepidum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
are established in the
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F58C758BB008F99B72BFB09" box="[296,581,1195,1221]" name="Central African Republic" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Central African Republic</collectingCountry>
|
|
, and its presence in that country is treated here as provisional.
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F58C758BF2E8F99B0F2FB09" author="Colbo, M. H." box="[1286,1436,1195,1221]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="97 - 105" refId="ref184126" refString="Colbo, M. H. (1973) Ticks of Zambian wild animals: a preliminary checklist. Puku, (7), 97 - 105." type="journal article" year="1973">Colbo (1973)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
and
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F58C758BAEE8FFDB405FB25" author="Tandon, S. K." box="[198,363,1231,1257]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 175" refId="ref256942" refString="Tandon, S. K. (1991) The ixodid ticks of Zambia (Acarina: Ixodidae). A study of distribution, ecology and host relationships. Occasional Paper of the Records of the Zoological Survey of India, 134, 1 - 175." type="journal article" year="1991">Tandon (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
listed this tick as found in
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F58C758B8B48FFDB79AFB25" box="[668,756,1231,1257]" name="Zambia" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Zambia</collectingCountry>
|
|
, a country that is also provisionally included within the geographical distribution of
|
|
<emphasis id="B94B07520F58C758BB858FC1B7CCFAC1" box="[429,674,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F58C758BB858FC1B7F0FAC1" box="[429,670,1267,1293]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lepidum">Amblyomma lepidum</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F58C758BAEF8E25B4EBFA51" blockId="51.[151,1437,798,1977]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
|
There are also records of this species from
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F58C758B8888E25B65EFAFD" box="[672,816,1303,1329]" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
|
|
and the
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F58C758B9A58E25B111FAFD" box="[909,1151,1303,1329]" name="United Arab Emirates" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">United Arab Emirates</collectingCountry>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F58C758BEA48E25B008FAFD" author="Perveen, N. & Muzaffar, S. B. & Al-Deeb, M. A." box="[1164,1382,1303,1329]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 35" refId="ref242571" refString="Perveen, N., Muzaffar, S. B. & Al-Deeb, M. A. (2021) Ticks and tick-borne diseases of livestock in the Middle East and North Africa: A review. Insects, 12 (article 83), 1 - 35. https: // doi. org / 10.3390 / insects 12010083" type="journal article" year="2021">
|
|
Perveen
|
|
<emphasis id="B94B07520F58C758BEC68E25B04BFAFD" box="[1262,1317,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2021
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), but it is unknown whether
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F58C758BBB38E09B7E7FA99" box="[411,649,1339,1365]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lepidum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94B07520F58C758BBB38E09B7E7FA99" box="[411,649,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Amblyomma lepidum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is established in those countries, while
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F58C758BE658E09B041FA99" author="Horton, K. C. & Fahmy, N. T. & Watany, N. & Zayed, A. & Mohamed, A. & Ahmed, A. A. & Rollin, P. E. & Dueger, E. L." box="[1101,1327,1339,1365]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="680 - 682" refId="ref210357" refString="Horton, K. C., Fahmy, N. T., Watany, N., Zayed, A., Mohamed, A., Ahmed, A. A., Rollin, P. E. & Dueger, E. L. (2016) Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus and Alkhurma (Alkhumra) virus in ticks in Djibouti. Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, 16, 680 - 682. https: // doi. org / 10.1089 / vbz. 2016.1951" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
|
Horton
|
|
<emphasis id="B94B07520F58C758BE8C8E09B1B3FA99" box="[1188,1245,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
(2016)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
collected
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F58C758BABF8E6DB4EAFAB5" box="[151,388,1375,1401]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lepidum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94B07520F58C758BABF8E6DB4EAFAB5" box="[151,388,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Amblyomma lepidum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
from imported cattle in
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F58C758B8BD8E6DB798FAB5" box="[661,758,1375,1401]" name="Djibouti" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Djibouti</collectingCountry>
|
|
. All three of these countries are provisionally excluded from the range of this tick.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F58C758BAEF8E95B16EF875" blockId="51.[151,1437,798,1977]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F58C758BAEF8E95B4D0FA0D" author="Camicas, J. L. & Hervy, J. P. & Adam, F. & Morel, P. C." box="[199,446,1447,1473]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refId="ref179770" refString="Camicas, J. L., Hervy, J. P., Adam, F. & Morel, P. C. (1998) Les tiques du monde. Nomenclature, stades decrits, hotes, repartition (Acarida, Ixodida). Orstom, Paris, 233 pp." type="book" year="1998">
|
|
Camicas
|
|
<emphasis id="B94B07520F58C758BB188E95B405FA0D" box="[304,363,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
(1998)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
and Guglielmone
|
|
<emphasis id="B94B07520F58C758B8BB8E95B7A3FA0D" box="[659,717,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
(2014) treat
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F58C758B94C8E95B13DFA0D" box="[868,1107,1447,1473]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lepidum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94B07520F58C758B94C8E95B13DFA0D" box="[868,1107,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Amblyomma lepidum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
as an Afrotropical and Palearctic species, and
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F58C758BB588EF9B7F7FA29" author="Guglielmone, A. A. & Petney, T. N. & Robbins, R. G." box="[368,665,1483,1509]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 322" refId="ref199904" refString="Guglielmone, A. A., Petney, T. N. & Robbins, R. G. (2020) Ixodidae (Acari: Ixodoidea): descriptions and redescriptions of all known species from 1758 to December 31, 2019. Zootaxa, 4871, 1 - 322. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4871.1.1" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
|
Guglielmone
|
|
<emphasis id="B94B07520F58C758B8238EF9B728FA29" box="[523,582,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
(2020)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
catalogued this tick as chiefly Afrotropical, with Palearctic records from
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F58C758BAFC8EDDB446F9C5" box="[212,296,1519,1545]" name="Cyprus" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Cyprus</collectingCountry>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F58C758BB1B8EDDB417F9C5" box="[307,377,1519,1545]" name="Egypt" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Egypt</collectingCountry>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F58C758BBAB8EDDB4DDF9C5" box="[387,435,1519,1545]" name="Iraq" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Iraq</collectingCountry>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F58C758BB958EDDB490F9C5" box="[445,510,1519,1545]" name="Israel" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F58C758B8218EDDB700F9C5" box="[521,622,1519,1545]" name="Palestine" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Palestine</collectingCountry>
|
|
and
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F58C758B88C8EDDB78DF9C5" box="[676,739,1519,1545]" name="Syria" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Syria</collectingCountry>
|
|
. Records of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F58C758B9448EDDB137F9C5" box="[876,1113,1519,1545]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lepidum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94B07520F58C758B9448EDDB137F9C5" box="[876,1113,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Amblyomma lepidum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
in such geographically close countries appear to indicate the presence of natural populations of this tick in the area.
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F58C758BEA88D21B0F2F9E1" author="Voltzit, O. V. & Keirans, J. E." box="[1152,1436,1555,1581]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="135 - 214" refId="ref262289" refString="Voltzit, O. V. & Keirans, J. E. (2003) A review of African Amblyomma species (Acari, Ixodida, Ixodidae). Acarina, 11, 135 - 214." type="journal article" year="2003">Voltzit & Keirans (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
suggested that
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F58C758BB688D05B740F99D" box="[320,558,1591,1617]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lepidum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94B07520F58C758BB688D05B740F99D" box="[320,558,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Amblyomma lepidum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is established in
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F58C758B8DC8D05B626F99D" box="[756,840,1591,1617]" name="Cyprus" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Cyprus</collectingCountry>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F58C758B97C8D05B6FCF99D" box="[852,914,1591,1617]" name="Israel" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
|
and
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F58C758B9E38D05B167F99D" box="[971,1033,1591,1617]" name="Syria" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Syria</collectingCountry>
|
|
, and
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F58C758BE6E8D05B19BF99D" author="Kolonin, G. V." box="[1094,1269,1591,1617]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refId="ref221361" refString="Kolonin, G. V. (2009) Fauna of ixodid ticks of the world. https: // archive. is / CtZk. Last accessed February 11, 2022." type="url" year="2009">Kolonin (2009)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
supported this view. However,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F58C758BB668D69B72CF9B9" author="Tsatsaris, A. & Chochlakis, D. & Papadopoulos, B. & Petsa, A. & Georgalis, L. & Angelakis, E. & Ioannou, I. & Tselentis, Y. & Psaroulaki, A." box="[334,578,1627,1653]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="523 - 542" refId="ref260408" refString="Tsatsaris, A., Chochlakis, D., Papadopoulos, B., Petsa, A., Georgalis, L., Angelakis, E., Ioannou, I., Tselentis, Y. & Psaroulaki, A. (2016) Species composition, distribution, ecological preference and host association of ticks in Cyprus. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 70, 523 - 542. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10493 - 016 - 0091 - 9" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
|
Tsatsaris
|
|
<emphasis id="B94B07520F58C758BB9F8D69B49EF9B9" box="[439,496,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
(2016)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
conducted a three-year survey of ticks on
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F58C758BE0A8D69B118F9B9" box="[1058,1142,1627,1653]" name="Cyprus" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Cyprus</collectingCountry>
|
|
, and no
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F58C758BEFD8D69B5A9F955" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lepidum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94B07520F58C758BEFD8D69B5A9F955" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Amblyomma lepidum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
were reported. In
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F58C758BBB28D4DB4B5F955" box="[410,475,1663,1689]" name="Israel" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F58C758BBC08D4DB7B8F955" box="[488,726,1663,1689]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lepidum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94B07520F58C758BBC08D4DB7B8F955" box="[488,726,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Amblyomma lepidum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
has been found in different parts of the country, but always in low numbers, and we are unaware of frequent reports of this tick from
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F58C758B98F8D91B6BAF971" box="[935,980,1699,1725]" name="Iraq" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Iraq</collectingCountry>
|
|
and
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F58C758BE218D91B126F971" box="[1033,1096,1699,1725]" name="Syria" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Syria</collectingCountry>
|
|
.
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F58C758BE788D91B05FF971" author="Adham, F. K. & Abd-El-Samie, E. M. & Gabre, R. M. & Hussein, H. E." box="[1104,1329,1699,1725]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="721 - 730" refId="ref167043" refString="Adham, F. K., Abd-El-Samie, E. M., Gabre, R. M. & Hussein, H. E. (2009) Detection of tick blood parasites in Egypt using PCR assay I - Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina. Parasitology Research, 105, 721 - 730. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00436 - 009 - 1443 - 8" type="journal article" year="2009">
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Adham
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F58C758BE818D91B18EF971" box="[1193,1248,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">et al.</emphasis>
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(2009)
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</bibRefCitation>
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collected more than one hundred
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F58C758BBB68DF5B7E4F92D" box="[414,650,1735,1761]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lepidum">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F58C758BBB68DF5B7E4F92D" box="[414,650,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Amblyomma lepidum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from cattle during a two-year study in
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F58C758BE128DF5B1EEF92D" box="[1082,1152,1735,1761]" name="Egypt" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Egypt</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="49FB15A20F58C758BEA28DF5B03AF92D" box="[1162,1364,1735,1761]" country="Egypt" name="Al Jizah" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Giza Governorate</collectingRegion>
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, while
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F58C758BABF8DD9B41BF8C9" author="Hassan, M. I. & Gabr, H. S. & Abdel-Shafy, S. & Hammad, K. M. & Mokhtar, M. M." box="[151,373,1771,1797]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="425 - 432" refId="ref201193" refString="Hassan, M. I., Gabr, H. S., Abdel-Shafy, S., Hammad, K. M. & Mokhtar, M. M. (2017) Prevalence of tick-vectors of Theileria annulata infesting the one-humped camels in Giza, Egypt. Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology, 47, 425 - 432. https: // doi. org / 10.21608 / jesp. 2017.77797" type="journal article" year="2017">
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Hassan
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F58C758BAC68DD9B44BF8C9" box="[238,293,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">et al.</emphasis>
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(2017)
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</bibRefCitation>
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recovered ticks in an Egyptian camel market and found
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F58C758B9F78DD9B1A5F8C9" box="[991,1227,1771,1797]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lepidum">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F58C758B9F78DD9B1A5F8C9" box="[991,1227,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Amblyomma lepidum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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during eight of the 12 months of their study, although they were unable to specify the origin of the infested camels, the market having sold both local and imported animals, mainly from
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F58C758B8F68C01B64AF881" box="[734,804,1843,1869]" name="Sudan" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Sudan</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F58C758B9758C01B6D2F881" box="[861,956,1843,1869]" name="Somalia" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Somalia</collectingCountry>
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. We postulate that
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F58C758BEBB8C01B0EFF881" box="[1171,1409,1843,1869]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lepidum">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F58C758BEBB8C01B0EFF881" box="[1171,1409,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Amblyomma lepidum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is established in this portion of the Palearctic Region, probably including
|
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F58C758B9E98C65B169F8BD" box="[961,1031,1879,1905]" name="Egypt" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Egypt</collectingCountry>
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, although
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F58C758BE558C65B021F8BD" author="Okely, M. & Anan, R. & Gad-Allah, S. & Samy, A. M." box="[1149,1359,1879,1905]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="333 - 351" refId="ref238376" refString="Okely, M., Anan, R., Gad-Allah, S. & Samy, A. M. (2021) Hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) infesting domestic animals in Egypt: diagnostic characters and a taxonomic key to the collected species. Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 35, 333 - 351. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / mve. 12502" type="journal article" year="2021">
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Okely
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F58C758BEE18C65B06DF8BD" box="[1225,1283,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">et al.</emphasis>
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(2021
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F58C758BF738C65B0FBF8BD" author="Okely, M. & Chen, Z. & Anan, R. & Gad-Allah, S." box="[1371,1429,1879,1905]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="811 - 838" refId="ref238447" refString="Okely, M., Chen, Z., Anan, R. & Gad-Allah, S. (2022) Updated checklist of the hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of Egypt, with notes of livestock host and tick-borne pathogens. Systematic & Applied Acarology, 27, 811 - 838. https: // doi. org / 10.11158 / saa. 27.5.1" type="journal article" year="2022">2022</bibRefCitation>
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) state that this tick is not endemic there. Additional research is needed to determine the distribution of
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F58C758BF388C49B59FF875" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lepidum">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F58C758BF388C49B59FF875" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Amblyomma lepidum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in the Palearctic, where this species is provisionally thought to occur.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |