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<mods:title id="5CE3A5B953921CEBA4C6C3C1BA22A468">Geographic distribution of the hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) of the world by countries and territories</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2A14BA860D058D15417F394589DB3E8F">Nava, Santiago</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0AF16C739E91B0A1792A140DB4A7D4A4">Robbins, Richard G.</mods:namePart>
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<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F4DC74DBABF8981B7F9FD01" box="[151,663,690,717]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F4DC74DBABF8981B7F9FD01" blockId="38.[151,1437,690,1221]" box="[151,663,690,717]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F4DC74DBABF8981B5C2FD01" bold="true" box="[151,172,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F4DC74DBA9C8980B7FCFD01" ID-CoL="5TZZW" ID-ENA="251375" authority="Neumann, 1899" authorityName="Neumann" authorityYear="1899" box="[180,658,690,717]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albopictum">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F4DC74DBA9C8980B4BFFD01" bold="true" box="[180,465,690,717]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Amblyomma albopictum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F4DC74DBBF28981B7FCFD01" author="Neumann, L. G." box="[474,658,691,717]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="107 - 294" refId="ref235222" refString="Neumann, L. G. (1899) Revision de la famille des ixodides (3 e memoire). Memoires de la Societe Zoologique de France, 12, 107 - 294." type="journal article" year="1899">Neumann, 1899</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F4DC74DB8888981B78FFCD9" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F4DC74DB8888981B78FFCD9" blockId="38.[151,1437,690,1221]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
Neotropical: 1)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F4DC74DB97E8981B6D1FD01" box="[854,959,691,717]" name="Bahamas" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Bahamas</collectingCountry>
, 2)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F4DC74DB9C58981B102FD01" box="[1005,1132,691,717]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
, 3)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F4DC74DBEB28981B1B6FD01" box="[1178,1240,691,717]" name="Cuba" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Cuba</collectingCountry>
, 4)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F4DC74DBF2E8981B019FD01" box="[1286,1399,691,717]" name="Dominica" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Dominica</collectingCountry>
, 5)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F4DC74DBABF89E5B4EDFD3D" box="[151,387,727,753]" name="Dominican Republic" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Dominican Republic</collectingCountry>
, 6)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F4DC74DBB8689E5B775FD3D" box="[430,539,727,753]" name="Honduras" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Honduras</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F4DC74DB80289E5B65FFD3D" author="Clifford, C. M. &amp; Kohls, G. M." box="[554,817,727,753]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="486 - 489" refId="ref183272" refString="Clifford, C. M. &amp; Kohls, G. M. (1962) Description of the female of Dermacentor latus Cooley and of Amblyomma albopictum Neumann (Acarina-Ixodidae). Journal of Parasitology, 48, 486 - 489. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3275221" type="journal article" year="1962">Clifford &amp; Kohls 1962</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F4DC74DB91489E5B6AAFD3D" author="Morel, P. C." box="[828,964,727,753]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="341 - 352" refId="ref232034" refString="Morel, P. C. (1967) Les tiques des animaux sauvages des Antilles (Acariens, Ixodoidea). Acarologia, 9, 341 - 352." type="journal article" year="1967">Morel 1967</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F4DC74DB9E789E5B192FD3D" author="Barros-Battesti, D. M. &amp; Reyes Hernandez, M. &amp; Famadas, K. M. &amp; Onofrio, V. C. &amp; Beati, L. &amp; Guglielmone, A. A." box="[975,1276,727,753]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="101 - 128" refId="ref175759" refString="Barros-Battesti, D. M., Reyes Hernandez, M., Famadas, K. M., Onofrio, V. C., Beati, L. &amp; Guglielmone, A. A. (2009) The ixodid ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of Cuba. Systematic &amp; Applied Acarology, 14, 101 - 128. https: // doi. org / 10.11158 / saa. 14.2.3" type="journal article" year="2009">
Barros-Battesti
<emphasis id="B94B07520F4DC74DBEA989E5B1D4FD3D" box="[1153,1210,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">et al.</emphasis>
2009
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F4DC74DBF2089E5B5BCFCD9" author="Durden, L. A. &amp; Knapp, C. R. &amp; Beati, L. &amp; Dold, S." pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="24 - 27" refId="ref189807" refString="Durden, L. A., Knapp, C. R., Beati, L. &amp; Dold, S. (2015) Reptile-associated ticks from Dominica and the Bahamas with notes on hyperparasitic erythraeid mites. Journal of Parasitology, 101, 24 - 27. https: // doi. org / 10.1645 / 14 - 602.1" type="journal article" year="2015">
Durden
<emphasis id="B94B07520F4DC74DBF4B89E5B0F3FD3D" box="[1379,1437,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">et al.</emphasis>
2015
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F4DC74DBAF489C9B4DBFCD9" author="Alvarez, D. O. &amp; Rodriguez-Mallon, A. &amp; Rodriguez-Gonzalez, I. &amp; Alfonso, P. &amp; Ramos, A. A. N. &amp; Diaz-Sanchez, A. A. &amp; Navarrete, M. G. &amp; Fernandez, R. R. &amp; Mellor, L. M. &amp; Catanese, H. N. &amp; Pelaez, M. &amp; Gainza, Y. A. &amp; Marrero-Perera, R. &amp; Roblejo-Arias, L. &amp; Lobo-Rivero, E. &amp; Silva, C. B. &amp; Fonseca, A. H. &amp; Lopez, E. R. &amp; Cabezas-Cruz, A." box="[220,437,763,789]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="1 - 24" refId="ref168451" refString="Alvarez, D. O., Corona-Gonzalez-B., Rodriguez-Mallon, A., Rodriguez-Gonzalez, I., Alfonso, P., Ramos, A. A. N., Diaz-Sanchez, A. A., Navarrete, M. G., Fernandez, R. R., Mellor, L. M., Catanese, H. N., Pelaez, M., Gainza, Y. A., Marrero-Perera, R., Roblejo-Arias, L., Lobo-Rivero, E., Silva, C. B., Fonseca, A. H., Lopez, E. R. &amp; Cabezas-Cruz, A. (2020) Ticks and tickborne diseases in Cuba, half a century of scientific research. Pathogens, 9 (article 616), 1 - 24. https: // doi. org / 10.3390 / pathogens 9080616" type="journal article" year="2020">
Alvarez
<emphasis id="B94B07520F4DC74DBB1389C9B41AFCD9" box="[315,372,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">et al.</emphasis>
2020
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F4DC74DBBE889C9B7BAFCD9" author="Guglielmone, A. A. &amp; Nava, S. &amp; Robbins, R. G." box="[448,724,763,789]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refId="ref199969" refString="Guglielmone, A. A., Nava, S. &amp; Robbins, R. G. (2021) Neotropical hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae). A critical analysis of their taxonomy, distribution, and host relationships. Springer Nature Switzerland AG, Cham, 486 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 030 - 72353 - 8" type="book" year="2021">
Guglielmone
<emphasis id="B94B07520F4DC74DB87189C9B7FCFCD9" box="[601,658,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">et al.</emphasis>
2021
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F4DC74DBAEF882DB785FB09" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F4DC74DBAEF882DB7DFFBF9" blockId="38.[151,1437,690,1221]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F4DC74DBAEF882DB4E9FCF5" authority="Guglielmone &amp; Nava &amp; Robbins, 2023" authorityName="Guglielmone &amp; Nava &amp; Robbins" authorityYear="2023" box="[199,391,799,825]" pageId="38" pageNumber="231" rank="subGenus" status="subgen. nov." subGenus="Neumann">
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F4DC74DBAEF882DB4E9FCF5" author="Neumann, L. G." box="[199,391,799,825]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="107 - 294" refId="ref235222" refString="Neumann, L. G. (1899) Revision de la famille des ixodides (3 e memoire). Memoires de la Societe Zoologique de France, 12, 107 - 294." type="journal article" year="1899">Neumann (1899)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
redescribed and provided a new name for this tick, which was originally named
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F4DC74DBF35882DB586FC90" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1805" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variegatus">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F4DC74DBF35882DB586FC90" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Ixodes variegatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(preoccupied) by
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F4DC74DBB9E8871B720FC91" author="Lucas, H." box="[438,590,834,861]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="88 - 89" refId="ref226889" refString="Lucas, H. (1852) Ixodes variegatus, Lucas. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France, Serie 2, 7, 88 - 89." type="journal article" year="1852">Lucas (1852)</bibRefCitation>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F4DC74DB8728871B677FC91" authority="Guglielmone &amp; Nava &amp; Robbins, 2023" authorityName="Guglielmone &amp; Nava &amp; Robbins" authorityYear="2023" box="[602,793,835,861]" pageId="38" pageNumber="231" rank="subGenus" status="subgen. nov." subGenus="Neumann">
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F4DC74DB8728871B677FC91" author="Neumann, L. G." box="[602,793,835,861]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="107 - 294" refId="ref235222" refString="Neumann, L. G. (1899) Revision de la famille des ixodides (3 e memoire). Memoires de la Societe Zoologique de France, 12, 107 - 294." type="journal article" year="1899">Neumann (1899)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
also included
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F4DC74DB9958871B16FFC91" box="[957,1025,835,861]" name="Brazil" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Brazil</collectingCountry>
within this species range; however, its presence in that country has not been confirmed.
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F4DC74DB8D98855B6F3FC4D" author="Schulze, P." box="[753,925,871,897]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="225 - 229" refId="ref253013" refString="Schulze, P. (1941) Ein neues Amblyomma und ein neues Aponomma mit Augenrudimenten aus Haiti. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 133, 225 - 229." type="journal article" year="1941">Schulze (1941)</bibRefCitation>
stated that
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F4DC74DBE0B8855B058FC4D" box="[1059,1334,871,897]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albopictum">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F4DC74DBE0B8855B058FC4D" box="[1059,1334,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Amblyomma albopictum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is found in
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F4DC74DBA9D88B9B583FC69" box="[181,237,907,933]" name="Haiti" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Haiti</collectingCountry>
but provided a locality record from
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F4DC74DB8AF88B9B643FC69" box="[647,813,907,933]" name="Dominican Republic" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">the Dominican</collectingCountry>
Republic.
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F4DC74DB98188B9B1C3FC69" author="Floch, H. &amp; Fauran, P." box="[937,1197,906,933]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="216 - 227" refId="ref195665" refString="Floch, H. &amp; Fauran, P. (1959) Les Ixodidae du genre Amblyomma en Guyane et aux Antilles Francaises. Acarologia, 1, 216 - 227." type="journal article" year="1959">Floch &amp; Fauran (1959)</bibRefCitation>
stated that
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F4DC74DBF0788B9B58CFC05" authority="Guglielmone &amp; Nava &amp; Robbins, 2023" authorityName="Guglielmone &amp; Nava &amp; Robbins" authorityYear="2023" pageId="38" pageNumber="231" rank="subGenus" status="subgen. nov." subGenus="Neumann">
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F4DC74DBF0788B9B58CFC05" author="Neumann, L. G." pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="107 - 294" refId="ref235222" refString="Neumann, L. G. (1899) Revision de la famille des ixodides (3 e memoire). Memoires de la Societe Zoologique de France, 12, 107 - 294." type="journal article" year="1899">Neumann (1899)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
redescribed
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F4DC74DBB59889DB7ECFC05" box="[369,642,943,969]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albopictum">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F4DC74DBB59889DB7ECFC05" box="[369,642,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Amblyomma albopictum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from a
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F4DC74DB8F3889DB6EFFC05" box="[731,897,943,969]" name="French Guiana" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
specimen, but such a record is not confirmed in
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F4DC74DBABF88E1B43FFC21" author="Neumann, L. G." box="[151,337,979,1005]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="107 - 294" refId="ref235222" refString="Neumann, L. G. (1899) Revision de la famille des ixodides (3 e memoire). Memoires de la Societe Zoologique de France, 12, 107 - 294." type="journal article" year="1899">
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F4DC74DBABF88E1B46AFC21" authority="Guglielmone &amp; Nava &amp; Robbins, 2023" authorityName="Guglielmone &amp; Nava &amp; Robbins" authorityYear="2023" box="[151,260,979,1005]" pageId="38" pageNumber="231" rank="subGenus" status="subgen. nov." subGenus="Neumann">Neumann</taxonomicName>
(1899
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F4DC74DBB7588E1B4CAFC21" author="Neumann, L. G." box="[349,420,979,1005]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="1 - 169" refId="ref235795" refString="Neumann, L. G. (1911 a) Ixodidae. Das Tierreich, (26), 1 - 169. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 22339" type="journal article" year="1911">1911a</bibRefCitation>
). The presence of this tick in all three of these countries was accepted in
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F4DC74DBEC088E1B58AFBDD" author="Floch, H. &amp; Fauran, P." pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="1 - 94" refId="ref195625" refString="Floch, H. &amp; Fauran, P. (1958) Ixodides de la Guyane et des Antilles Francaises. Archives de l'Institut Pasteur de la Guyane et de l'Inini, (446), 1 - 94." type="journal article" year="1958">Floch &amp; Fauran (1958)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F4DC74DBAC788C5B77DFBDD" author="Guglielmone, A. A. &amp; Estrada-Pena, A. &amp; Keirans J. E. &amp; Robbins, R. G." box="[239,531,1015,1041]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refId="ref199234" refString="Guglielmone, A. A., Estrada-Pena, A., Keirans J. E. &amp; Robbins, R. G. (2003) Ticks (Acari: Ixodida) of the Neotropical Zoogeographic Region. Special Publication of the Integrated Consortium on Ticks and Tick-Borne Diseases- 2, Atalanta, Houten, The Netherlands, 173 pp." type="book" year="2003">
Guglielmone
<emphasis id="B94B07520F4DC74DBBA088C5B4AEFBDD" box="[392,448,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">et al.</emphasis>
(2003)
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F4DC74DB83688C5B7BFFBDD" author="Burridge, M. J." box="[542,721,1015,1041]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refId="ref178986" refString="Burridge, M. J. (2011) Non-Native and Invasive Ticks. Threats to Human and Animal Health in the United States. University of Florida Press, Gainesville, 448 pp." type="book" year="2011">Burridge (2011)</bibRefCitation>
and others, but
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F4DC74DB9AA88C5B6A8FBDD" box="[898,966,1015,1041]" name="Brazil" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Brazil</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F4DC74DB9D488C5B15AFBDD" box="[1020,1076,1015,1041]" name="Haiti" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Haiti</collectingCountry>
are here excluded from the geographic distribution of
<emphasis id="B94B07520F4DC74DBBB18F29B7DFFBF9" box="[409,689,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F4DC74DBBB18F29B7C0FBF9" box="[409,686,1051,1077]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albopictum">Amblyomma albopictum</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F4DC74DBAEF8F0DB785FB09" blockId="38.[151,1437,690,1221]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F4DC74DBAEF8F0DB489FB95" author="Guglielmone, A. A. &amp; Petney, T. N. &amp; Robbins, R. G." box="[199,487,1087,1113]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="1 - 322" refId="ref199904" refString="Guglielmone, A. A., Petney, T. N. &amp; Robbins, R. G. (2020) Ixodidae (Acari: Ixodoidea): descriptions and redescriptions of all known species from 1758 to December 31, 2019. Zootaxa, 4871, 1 - 322. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4871.1.1" type="journal article" year="2020">
Guglielmone
<emphasis id="B94B07520F4DC74DBB4A8F0DB4F5FB95" box="[354,411,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">et al.</emphasis>
(2020
</bibRefCitation>
, 2021) listed morphological differences in the redescriptions of
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F4DC74DBE978F0DB5BBFBB0" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albopictum">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F4DC74DBE978F0DB5BBFBB0" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Amblyomma albopictum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by several authors, and perhaps more than one species has been described under this name. Therefore, the morphological diagnosis of
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F4DC74DBBFC8FB5B78BFB6D" box="[468,741,1159,1185]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albopictum">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F4DC74DBBFC8FB5B78BFB6D" box="[468,741,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Amblyomma albopictum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
remains uncertain, and this is also reflected in its geographic distribution, which should be considered provisional.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>