187 lines
20 KiB
XML
187 lines
20 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="B3D9F0F45306058C8FFE29EAD0B61B3D">Geographic distribution of the hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) of the world by countries and territories</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CE294EBCF1A070C6FB540AB625DCAE98">Guglielmone, Alberto A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="227AB27B387F1DFAD55902E30313E243">Nava, Santiago</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="23B051C0E2A4823E9B63B7A75706A2A9">Robbins, Richard G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="77AFB1A50D061C857AD381D43CA7A75B">2023</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03966A560F48C748BABF8871B43AFB09" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7704296" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209449329" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7704296" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03966A560F48C748BABF8871B43AFB09" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03966A560F48C748BABF8871B43AFB09" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F48C748BABF8871B727FC91" box="[151,585,834,861]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B80DB400F48C748BABF8871B727FC91" blockId="35.[151,1437,834,1221]" box="[151,585,834,861]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F48C748BABF8871B5A6FC91" bold="true" box="[151,200,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">249.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F48C748BAFA8870B72BFC91" ID-CoL="3QGPJ" ID-ENA="79497" authority="Nakatsudi, 1942 a" authorityName="Nakatsudi" authorityYear="1942" box="[210,581,834,861]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turdus">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F48C748BAFA8870B41CFC91" bold="true" box="[210,370,834,861]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Ixodes turdus</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F48C748BB538871B72BFC91" author="Nakatsudi, K." box="[379,581,835,861]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="287 - 328" refId="ref233721" refString="Nakatsudi, K. (1942 a) Arachnida from Izu-shitito. Journal of Agricultural Science (Tokyo), 1, 287 - 328. [in Japanese]" type="journal article" year="1942">Nakatsudi, 1942a</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F48C748B87A8871B745FC69" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8B80DB400F48C748B87A8871B745FC69" blockId="35.[151,1437,834,1221]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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Oriental: 1)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F48C748B8C88871B672FC91" box="[736,796,835,861]" name="India" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">India</collectingCountry>
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, 2)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F48C748B9628871B6CEFC91" box="[842,928,835,861]" name="Taiwan" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
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; Palearctic: 1)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F48C748BE658871B1E3FC91" box="[1101,1165,835,861]" name="Japan" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Japan</collectingCountry>
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(except the Ryukyu Islands), 2)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F48C748BB218855B422FC4D" box="[265,332,871,897]" name="Nepal" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Nepal</collectingCountry>
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(north and central), 3)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F48C748B87B8855B78EFC4D" box="[595,736,871,897]" name="South Korea" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">South Korea</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F48C748B8C78855B6CFFC4D" author="Rao, T. R. & Dhanda, V. & Bhat, H. R. & Kulkarni, S. M." box="[751,929,871,897]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="1421 - 1461" refId="ref245549" refString="Rao, T. R., Dhanda, V., Bhat, H. R. & Kulkarni, S. M. (1973) A survey of haematophagous arthropods in western Himalayas, Sikkim and Hill Districts of West Bengal. A general account. Indian Journal of Medical Research, 61, 1421 - 1461." type="journal article" year="1973">
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Rao
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F48C748B90E8855B630FC4D" box="[806,862,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">et al.</emphasis>
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1973
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F48C748B9848855B1FBFC4D" author="Clifford, C. M. & Hoogstraal, H. & Keirans, J. E." box="[940,1173,870,897]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="115 - 137" refId="ref183670" refString="Clifford, C. M., Hoogstraal, H. & Keirans, J. E. (1975 a) The Ixodes ticks (Acarina: Ixodidae) of Nepal. Journal of Medical Entomology, 12, 115 - 137. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jmedent / 12.1.115" type="journal article" year="1975">
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Clifford
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F48C748BE268855B129FC4D" box="[1038,1095,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">et al.</emphasis>
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||
1975
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F48C748BEA08854B1FBFC4D" author="Idris, M. A. & Ruppel, A. & Petney, T." box="[1160,1173,870,897]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="7 - 10" refId="ref210989" refString="Idris, M. A., Ruppel, A. & Petney, T. (2000) Antibodies against rickettsia in humans and potential vector ticks from Dhofar, Oman. Medical Sciences, 2, 7 - 10." type="journal article" year="2000">a</bibRefCitation>
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
, Miyamoto
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||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F48C748BF358855B038FC4D" box="[1309,1366,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">et al.</emphasis>
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||
2000,
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F48C748BABF88B9B40FFC69" author="Sames, W. J. & Kim, H. C. & Chong, S. T. & Lee, I. Y. & Apanaskevich, D. A. & Robbins, R. G. & Moore, R. & Klein, T. A." box="[151,353,907,933]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="43 - 50" refId="ref249444" refString="Sames, W. J., Kim, H. C., Chong, S. T., Lee, I. Y., Apanaskevich, D. A., Robbins, R. G., Bast. J., Moore, R. & Klein, T. A. (2008) Haemaphysalis (Ornithophysalis) phasiana (Acari: Ixodidae) in the Republic of Korea: two province records and habitat descriptions. Systematic & Applied Acarology, 13, 43 - 50. https: // doi. org / 10.11158 / saa. 13.1.5" type="journal article" year="2008">
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Sames
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F48C748BACF88B9B44EFC69" box="[231,288,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">et al.</emphasis>
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||
2008
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
,
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F48C748BB4488B9B771FC69" author="Kuo, C. C. & Lin, Y. F. & Yao, C. T. & Shih, H. C. & Chung, L. H. & Liao, H. C. & Hsu, Y. C. & Wang, H. C." box="[364,543,907,933]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref222095" refString="Kuo, C. C., Lin, Y. F., Yao, C. T., Shih, H. C., Chung, L. H., Liao, H. C., Hsu, Y. C. & Wang, H. C. (2017) Tick-borne pathogens in ticks collected from birds in Taiwan. Parasites & Vectors, 10 (article 587), 1 - 13. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 13071 - 017 - 2535 - 4" type="journal article" year="2017">
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Kuo
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F48C748BB8B88B9B4B2FC69" box="[419,476,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">et al.</emphasis>
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2017
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F48C748BAEF889DB43AFB09" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="discussion">
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||
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F48C748BAEF889DB02AFB95" blockId="35.[151,1437,834,1221]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F48C748BAEF889DB744FC05" author="Guglielmone, A. A. & Robbins, R. G." box="[199,554,943,969]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refId="ref199027" refString="Guglielmone, A. A. & Robbins, R. G. (2018) Hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) parasitizing humans. A global overview. Springer, Cham, 314 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 319 - 95552 - 0" type="book" year="2018">Guglielmone & Robbins (2018)</bibRefCitation>
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listed
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F48C748B85A889DB7AAFC05" box="[626,708,943,969]" name="Taiwan" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
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(Oriental) within the geographic distribution of
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F48C748BEF4889DB01DFC05" authorityName="Nakatsudi" authorityYear="1942" box="[1244,1395,943,969]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turdus">
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||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F48C748BEF4889DB01DFC05" box="[1244,1395,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Ixodes turdus</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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but regarded this species as found only in the Palearctic Region. These authors also excluded
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F48C748BEBB88E1B1A3FC21" box="[1171,1229,979,1005]" name="India" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">India</collectingCountry>
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||
from this species’ range, but its presence in
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F48C748BB9C88C5B480FBDD" box="[436,494,1015,1041]" name="India" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">India</collectingCountry>
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||
is based on
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F48C748B85F88C5B656FBDD" author="Rao, T. R. & Dhanda, V. & Bhat, H. R. & Kulkarni, S. M." box="[631,824,1015,1041]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="1421 - 1461" refId="ref245549" refString="Rao, T. R., Dhanda, V., Bhat, H. R. & Kulkarni, S. M. (1973) A survey of haematophagous arthropods in western Himalayas, Sikkim and Hill Districts of West Bengal. A general account. Indian Journal of Medical Research, 61, 1421 - 1461." type="journal article" year="1973">
|
||
Rao
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||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F48C748B88388C5B78DFBDD" box="[683,739,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">et al.</emphasis>
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||
(1973)
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||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F48C748B9C888C5B119FBDD" authorityName="Nakatsudi" authorityYear="1942" box="[992,1143,1015,1041]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turdus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F48C748B9C888C5B119FBDD" box="[992,1143,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Ixodes turdus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
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||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F48C748BE9388C5B190FBDD" box="[1211,1278,1015,1041]" name="Nepal" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Nepal</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F48C748BF1C88C5B01AFBDD" box="[1332,1396,1015,1041]" name="Japan" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
are close morphologically (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F48C748BBB78F29B7E4FBF9" author="Clifford, C. M. & Hoogstraal, H. & Keirans, J. E." box="[415,650,1050,1077]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="115 - 137" refId="ref183670" refString="Clifford, C. M., Hoogstraal, H. & Keirans, J. E. (1975 a) The Ixodes ticks (Acarina: Ixodidae) of Nepal. Journal of Medical Entomology, 12, 115 - 137. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jmedent / 12.1.115" type="journal article" year="1975">
|
||
Clifford
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||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F48C748B82A8F29B755FBF9" box="[514,571,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1975a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but also molecularly (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F48C748B9BA8F29B159FBF9" author="Xu, G. & Fang, Q. Q. & Keirans, J. E. & Durden, L. A." box="[914,1079,1051,1077]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="452 - 457" refId="ref265625" refString="Xu, G., Fang, Q. Q., Keirans, J. E. & Durden, L. A. (2003) Molecular phylogenetic analyses indicate that the Ixodes ricinus complex is a paraphyletic group. Journal of Parasitology, 89, 452 - 457. https: // doi. org / 10.1645 / 0022 - 3395 (2003) 089 [0452: MPAITT] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2003">
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||
Xu
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||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F48C748B9958F29B69BFBF9" box="[957,1013,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">et al.</emphasis>
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||
2003
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F48C748BE6A8F29B078FBF9" author="Takano, A. & Fujita, H. & Kadosaka, T. & Takahashi, M. & Yamauchi, T. & Ishiguro, F. & Takada, N. & Yano, Y. & Oikawa, Y. & Honda, T. & Gokuden, M. & Tsunoda, T. & Tsurumi, M. & Ando, S. & Andoh, M. & Sato, K. & Kawabata, H." box="[1090,1302,1051,1077]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="13 - 21" refId="ref256701" refString="Takano, A., Fujita, H., Kadosaka, T., Takahashi, M., Yamauchi, T., Ishiguro, F., Takada, N., Yano, Y., Oikawa, Y., Honda, T., Gokuden, M., Tsunoda, T., Tsurumi, M., Ando, S., Andoh, M., Sato, K. & Kawabata, H. (2014) Construction of a DNA database for ticks collected in Japan: application of molecular identification based on the mitochondrial 16 S rDNA gene. Medical Entomology and Zoology, 65, 13 - 21. https: // doi. org / 10.7601 / mez. 65.13" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Takano
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F48C748BEB38F29B1BDFBF9" box="[1179,1235,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F48C748BF718F29B0F2FBF9" box="[1369,1436,1051,1077]" name="Nepal" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Nepal</collectingCountry>
|
||
is therefore included within the range of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F48C748B8488F0DB799FB95" authorityName="Nakatsudi" authorityYear="1942" box="[608,759,1087,1113]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turdus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F48C748B8488F0DB799FB95" box="[608,759,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Ixodes turdus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a tick described from specimens collected in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F48C748BED58F0DB02EFB95" box="[1277,1344,1087,1113]" name="Japan" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F48C748BAEF8F51B43AFB09" blockId="35.[151,1437,834,1221]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F48C748BAEF8F51B483FBB1" author="Bolotin, E. I. & Kolonin, G. V." box="[199,493,1123,1149]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="435 - 436" refId="ref178460" refString="Bolotin, E. I., & Kolonin, G. V. (1979) New data on the fauna of Ixodidae ticks in the Maritime Territory. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 48, 435 - 436." type="journal article" year="1979">Bolotin & Kolonin (1979)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
found
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F48C748B8158F51B7BBFBB1" authorityName="Nakatsudi" authorityYear="1942" box="[573,725,1123,1149]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turdus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F48C748B8158F51B7BBFBB1" box="[573,725,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Ixodes turdus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on migratory birds in the Russian Far East but believe that this tick is not established there, an opinion also shared by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F48C748B8D58FB5B6CCFB6D" author="Tsapko, N. V." box="[765,930,1159,1185]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="351 - 352" refId="ref260332" refString="Tsapko, N. V. (2020) A checklist of the ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of Russia. Parazitologiya, 51, 351 - 352. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="2020">Tsapko (2020)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and that territory is excluded from the range of
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F48C748BA9E8F99B43AFB09" box="[182,340,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F48C748BA9E8F99B43EFB09" authorityName="Nakatsudi" authorityYear="1942" box="[182,336,1195,1221]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turdus">Ixodes turdus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |