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<mods:title id="862EBBEE494D1F0473DE69BEAE182E23">Geographic distribution of the hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) of the world by countries and territories</mods:title>
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F3DC73DBABF8E95B5D5FA0D" bold="true" box="[151,187,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">68.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F3DC73DBAE98E94B717FA0D" ID-CoL="3J7WD" ID-ENA="1155000" authority="Supino, 1897" authorityName="Supino" authorityYear="1897" box="[193,633,1446,1473]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Haemaphysalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hystricis">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F3DC73DBAE98E94B4B7FA0D" bold="true" box="[193,473,1446,1473]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Haemaphysalis hystricis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F3DC73DBBC98E95B717FA0D" author="Supino, F." box="[481,633,1447,1473]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" pagination="230 - 238" refId="ref256095" refString="Supino, F. (1897) Nuovi Ixodes della Birmania (nota preventiva). Atti della Societa Veneto-Trentina di Scienze Naturali Residente in Padova, Serie 2, 3, 230 - 238. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 83719" type="journal article" year="1897">Supino, 1897</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
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Australasian: 1)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F3DC73DB9138E95B6D7FA0D" box="[827,953,1447,1473]" name="Timor-Leste" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">East Timor</collectingCountry>
, 2)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F3DC73DB9CA8E95B121FA0D" box="[994,1103,1447,1473]" name="Indonesia" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
(east of Wallaces Line); Oriental: 1)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F3DC73DBAD48EF9B451FA29" box="[252,319,1483,1509]" name="China" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">China</collectingCountry>
(south), 2)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F3DC73DBBEB8EF9B491FA29" box="[451,511,1483,1509]" name="India" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">India</collectingCountry>
, 3)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F3DC73DB8038EF9B7F6FA29" box="[555,664,1483,1509]" name="Indonesia" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
(west of Wallaces Line), 4)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F3DC73DB9C88EF9B14EFA29" box="[992,1056,1483,1509]" name="Japan" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Japan</collectingCountry>
(the Ryukyu Islands), 5)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F3DC73DBF688EF9B017FA29" box="[1344,1401,1483,1509]" name="Laos" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Laos</collectingCountry>
, 6)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F3DC73DBABF8EDDB46EF9C5" box="[151,256,1519,1545]" name="Malaysia" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
, 7)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F3DC73DBB048EDDB4F5F9C5" box="[300,411,1519,1545]" name="Myanmar" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
, 8)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F3DC73DBBEF8EDDB756F9C5" box="[455,568,1519,1545]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
, 9)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F3DC73DB84B8EDDB7D6F9C5" box="[611,696,1519,1545]" name="Taiwan" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
, 10)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F3DC73DB8D98EDDB63BF9C5" box="[753,853,1519,1545]" name="Thailand" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Thailand</collectingCountry>
11)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F3DC73DB9A18EDDB685F9C5" box="[905,1003,1519,1545]" name="Vietnam" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
; Palearctic: 1)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F3DC73DBEBD8EDDB1B6F9C5" box="[1173,1240,1519,1545]" name="China" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">China</collectingCountry>
(north), 2)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F3DC73DBF748EDDB0F2F9C5" box="[1372,1436,1519,1545]" name="Japan" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Japan</collectingCountry>
(except the Ryukyu Islands) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F3DC73DBBC28D21B794F9E1" author="Hoogstraal, H. &amp; Trapido, H. &amp; Kohls, G. M." box="[490,762,1554,1581]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" pagination="467 - 480" refId="ref206588" refString="Hoogstraal, H., Trapido, H. &amp; Kohls, G. M. (1965 c) Studies on Southeast Asian Haemaphysalis ticks (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae). The identity, distribution, and hosts of H. (Kaiseriana) hystricis Supino. Journal of Parasitology, 51, 467 - 480. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3275974" type="journal article" year="1965">
Hoogstraal
<emphasis id="B94B07520F3DC73DB8588D21B7C5F9E1" box="[624,683,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">et al.</emphasis>
1965c
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F3DC73DB9218D21B6DCF9E1" author="Keirans, J. E." box="[777,946,1554,1581]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" pagination="1 - 1785" refId="ref214582" refString="Keirans, J. E. (1985 b) George Henry Falkiner Nuttall and the Nuttall tick catalogue. United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Miscellaneous Publication, (1438), 1 - 1785. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 65326" type="journal article" year="1985">
Keirans 1985
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F3DC73DB98B8D20B6DCF9E1" author="Walker, J. B. &amp; Keirans, J. E. &amp; Pegram, R. G. &amp; Clifford, C. M." box="[931,946,1554,1581]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" pagination="159 - 186" refId="ref263302" refString="Walker, J. B., Keirans, J. E., Pegram, R. G. &amp; Clifford, C. M. (1988) Clarification of the status of Rhipicephalus tricuspis D ˆ nitz, 1906 and Rhipicephalus lunulatus Neumann, 1907 (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae). Systematic Parasitology, 12, 159 - 186. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 00007766" type="journal article" year="1988">b</bibRefCitation>
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, Santos Dias 1988,
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,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F3DC73DB9D58D69B1AFF9B9" author="Petney, T. N. &amp; Saijuntha, W. &amp; Boulanger, N. &amp; Chitimia-Dobler, L. &amp; Pfeffer, M. &amp; Eamudomkarn, C. &amp; Andrews, R. H. &amp; Ahamad, M. &amp; Putthasorn, N. &amp; Muders, S. V. &amp; Petney, D. A. &amp; Robbins, R. G." box="[1021,1217,1627,1653]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" pagination="1 - 89" refId="ref243024" refString="Petney, T. N., Saijuntha, W., Boulanger, N., Chitimia-Dobler, L., Pfeffer, M., Eamudomkarn, C., Andrews, R. H., Ahamad, M., Putthasorn, N., Muders, S. V., Petney, D. A. &amp; Robbins, R. G. (2019) Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa, 4558, 1 - 89. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4558.1.1" type="journal article" year="2019">
Petney
<emphasis id="B94B07520F3DC73DBE678D69B1E9F9B9" box="[1103,1159,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">et al.</emphasis>
2019
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,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F3DC73DBEE28D69B0F6F9B9" author="Azama, Y. &amp; Fukuchi, Y. &amp; Kuba, Y. &amp; Kyan, H." box="[1226,1432,1627,1653]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" pagination="27 - 30" refId="ref174105" refString="Azama, Y., Fukuchi, Y., Kuba, Y. &amp; Kyan, H. (2021) Seasonal occurrence of ixodid ticks on the vegetation in the northern part of Okinawajima Island, Japan. Medical Entomology and Zoology, 72, 27 - 30. [in Japanese] https: // doi. org / 10.7601 / mez. 72.27" type="journal article" year="2021">
Azama
<emphasis id="B94B07520F3DC73DBF088D69B039F9B9" box="[1312,1367,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">et al.</emphasis>
2021
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,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F3DC73DBABF8D4DB43DF955" author="Zhao, G. P. &amp; Wang, Y. X. &amp; Fan, Z. W. &amp; Ji, Y. &amp; Liu, M. J. &amp; Zhang, W. H. &amp; Li, X. L. &amp; Zhou, S. X. &amp; Li, H. &amp; Liang, S. &amp; Liu, W. &amp; Yang, Y. &amp; Fang, L. Q." box="[151,339,1663,1689]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref267094" refString="Zhao, G. P., Wang, Y. X., Fan, Z. W., Ji, Y., Liu, M. J., Zhang, W. H., Li, X. L., Zhou, S. X., Li, H., Liang, S., Liu, W., Yang, Y. &amp; Fang, L. Q. (2021) Mapping ticks and tick-borne pathogens in China. Nature Communications, 12 (article 1075), 1 - 13. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / s 41467 - 021 - 21375 - 1" type="journal article" year="2021">
Zhao
<emphasis id="B94B07520F3DC73DBAF08D4DB47EF955" box="[216,272,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">et al.</emphasis>
2021
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).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F3DC73DBAEF8D91B466F859" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F3DC73DBAEF8D91B603F8C9" blockId="86.[151,1437,1446,1941]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F3DC73DBAEF8D91B480F971" author="Hoogstraal, H. &amp; Trapido, H. &amp; Kohls, G. M." box="[199,494,1698,1725]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" pagination="467 - 480" refId="ref206588" refString="Hoogstraal, H., Trapido, H. &amp; Kohls, G. M. (1965 c) Studies on Southeast Asian Haemaphysalis ticks (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae). The identity, distribution, and hosts of H. (Kaiseriana) hystricis Supino. Journal of Parasitology, 51, 467 - 480. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3275974" type="journal article" year="1965">
Hoogstraal
<emphasis id="B94B07520F3DC73DBB668D91B4E5F971" box="[334,395,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">et al.</emphasis>
(1965c)
</bibRefCitation>
discussed the problems involved in morphologically identifying
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F3DC73DBED88D91B598F92D" authorityName="Supino" authorityYear="1897" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Haemaphysalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hystricis">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F3DC73DBED88D91B598F92D" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Haemaphysalis hystricis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, including several descriptions of different species under this name (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F3DC73DB9F68DF5B183F92D" author="Guglielmone, A. A. &amp; Petney, T. N. &amp; Robbins, R. G." box="[990,1261,1735,1761]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" pagination="1 - 322" refId="ref199904" refString="Guglielmone, A. A., Petney, T. N. &amp; Robbins, R. G. (2020) Ixodidae (Acari: Ixodoidea): descriptions and redescriptions of all known species from 1758 to December 31, 2019. Zootaxa, 4871, 1 - 322. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4871.1.1" type="journal article" year="2020">
Guglielmone
<emphasis id="B94B07520F3DC73DBE5E8DF5B1C2F92D" box="[1142,1196,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">et al.</emphasis>
2020
</bibRefCitation>
). Consequently, records published before 1965 were not included in our analysis.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F3DC73DBAEF8C3DB466F859" blockId="86.[151,1437,1446,1941]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F3DC73DBAEF8C3DB4A9F8E5" author="Camicas, J. L. &amp; Hervy, J. P. &amp; Adam, F. &amp; Morel, P. C." box="[199,455,1807,1833]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" refId="ref179770" refString="Camicas, J. L., Hervy, J. P., Adam, F. &amp; Morel, P. C. (1998) Les tiques du monde. Nomenclature, stades decrits, hotes, repartition (Acarida, Ixodida). Orstom, Paris, 233 pp." type="book" year="1998">
Camicas
<emphasis id="B94B07520F3DC73DBB1D8C3DB41EF8E5" box="[309,368,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">et al.</emphasis>
(1998)
</bibRefCitation>
treated
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F3DC73DB80F8C3DB626F8E5" authorityName="Supino" authorityYear="1897" box="[551,840,1807,1833]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Haemaphysalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hystricis">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F3DC73DB80F8C3DB626F8E5" box="[551,840,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Haemaphysalis hystricis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as an Oriental and Palearctic species, but this tick has also been found in the Australasian Zoogeographic Region. The presence of
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F3DC73DBE508C01B0F3F881" authorityName="Supino" authorityYear="1897" box="[1144,1437,1843,1869]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Haemaphysalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hystricis">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F3DC73DBE508C01B0F3F881" box="[1144,1437,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Haemaphysalis hystricis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in northern
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F3DC73DBB0C8C65B404F8BD" box="[292,362,1879,1905]" name="China" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">China</collectingCountry>
is based on
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F3DC73DB82B8C65B7A6F8BD" author="Keirans, J. E." box="[515,712,1878,1905]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" pagination="1 - 1785" refId="ref214582" refString="Keirans, J. E. (1985 b) George Henry Falkiner Nuttall and the Nuttall tick catalogue. United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Miscellaneous Publication, (1438), 1 - 1785. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 65326" type="journal article" year="1985">Keirans (1985b)</bibRefCitation>
, who recorded
<specimenCount id="9D3910C90F3DC73DB9A98C65B168F8BD" box="[897,1030,1879,1905]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="female">two female</specimenCount>
specimens collected in
<collectingRegion id="49FB15A20F3DC73DBF0F8C65B46DF859" country="China" name="Shandong" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Shandong Province</collectingRegion>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>