treatments-xml/data/03/96/6A/03966A560F36C736BABF8F98B755F9E0.xml
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<mods:title id="E1B8BA172BD1C4153EBAD12576827650">Geographic distribution of the hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) of the world by countries and territories</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03966A560F36C736BABF8F98B755F9E0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7718142" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209449769" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7718142" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03966A560F36C736BABF8F98B755F9E0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03966A560F36C736BABF8F98B755F9E0" lastPageNumber="94" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F36C736BABF8F98B60DFB09" box="[151,867,1194,1221]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F36C736BABF8F98B60DFB09" blockId="93.[151,1436,1194,1581]" box="[151,867,1194,1221]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F36C736BABF8F98B5A8FB08" bold="true" box="[151,198,1194,1220]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">116.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F36C736BAF98F98B631FB09" ID-CoL="3J7YR" ID-ENA="2050975" authority="Hoogstraal &amp; Kohls, 1959" authorityName="Hoogstraal &amp; Kohls" authorityYear="1959" box="[209,863,1194,1221]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Haemaphysalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ornithophila">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F36C736BAF98F98B771FB09" bold="true" box="[209,543,1194,1221]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Haemaphysalis ornithophila</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F36C736B8018F98B631FB09" author="Hoogstraal, H. &amp; Kohls, G. M." box="[553,863,1194,1221]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="417 - 420" refId="ref204638" refString="Hoogstraal, H. &amp; Kohls, G. M. (1959) The Haemaphysalis ticks (Acarina, Ixodidae) of birds. I. H. ornithophila n. sp. from Burma and Thailand. Journal of Parasitology, 45, 417 - 420. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3274392" type="journal article" year="1959">Hoogstraal &amp; Kohls, 1959</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F36C736B9468F98B10FFAFC" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F36C736B9468F98B10FFAFC" blockId="93.[151,1436,1194,1581]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
Oriental: 1)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F36C736B9D68F98B12FFB08" box="[1022,1089,1194,1220]" name="China" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">China</collectingCountry>
(south), 2)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F36C736BEE78F98B065FB08" box="[1231,1291,1194,1220]" name="India" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">India</collectingCountry>
, 3)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F36C736BF158F99B018FB09" box="[1341,1398,1195,1221]" name="Laos" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Laos</collectingCountry>
, 4)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F36C736BABF8FFDB468FB25" box="[151,262,1231,1257]" name="Myanmar" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
, 5)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F36C736BB1C8FFCB419FB24" box="[308,375,1230,1256]" name="Nepal" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Nepal</collectingCountry>
(south and central), 6)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F36C736B8AE8FFCB669FB24" box="[646,775,1230,1256]" name="Philippines" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Philippines</collectingCountry>
, 7)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F36C736B91C8FFCB6E7FB24" box="[820,905,1230,1256]" name="Taiwan" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
, 8)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F36C736B99E8FFCB172FB24" box="[950,1052,1230,1256]" name="Thailand" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Thailand</collectingCountry>
, 9)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F36C736BE628FFCB1C2FB24" box="[1098,1196,1230,1256]" name="Vietnam" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
; Palearctic: 1)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F36C736BF718FFCB0F2FB24" box="[1369,1436,1230,1256]" name="China" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">China</collectingCountry>
(north) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F36C736BADB8FC0B74DFAC0" author="Hoogstraal, H. &amp; Wassef, H. Y." box="[243,547,1266,1292]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="1099 - 1117" refId="ref205584" refString="Hoogstraal, H. &amp; Wassef, H. Y. (1973) The Haemaphysalis ticks (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae) of birds. 3. H. (Ornithophysalis) subgen. n.: definition, species, hosts and distribution in the Oriental, Palearctic, Malagasy, and Ethiopian Faunal Regions. Journal of Parasitology, 59, 1099 - 1117. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3278650" type="journal article" year="1973">Hoogstraal &amp; Wassef 1973</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F36C736B8058FC0B64CFAC0" author="Tanskul, P. &amp; Inlao, I." box="[557,802,1266,1292]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="573 - 601" refId="ref256990" refString="Tanskul, P. &amp; Inlao, I. (1989) Keys to the adult ticks of Haemaphysalis Koch, 1844, in Thailand with notes on changes in taxonomy (Acari: Ixodoidea: Ixodidae). Journal of Medical Entomology, 26, 573 - 601. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jmedent / 26.6.573" type="journal article" year="1989">Tanskul &amp; Inlao 1989</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F36C736B9058FC0B6A2FAC1" author="Robbins, R. G." box="[813,972,1266,1293]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="245 - 253" refId="ref246477" refString="Robbins, R. G. (2005) The ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Argasidae, Ixodidae) of Taiwan: a synonymic checklist. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 107, 245 - 253." type="journal article" year="2005">Robbins 2005</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F36C736B9FE8FC0B1FEFAC0" author="Chen, Z. &amp; Yang, X. &amp; Bu, F. &amp; Yang, X. &amp; Yang, X. &amp; Liu, J." box="[982,1168,1266,1292]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="393 - 404" refId="ref181677" refString="Chen, Z., Yang, X., Bu, F., Yang, X., Yang, X. &amp; Liu, J. (2010) Ticks (Acari: Ixodoidea: Argasidae, Ixodidae) of China. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 51, 393 - 404. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10493 - 010 - 9335 - 2" type="journal article" year="2010">
Chen
<emphasis id="B94B07520F36C736BE3F8FC1B121FAC0" box="[1047,1103,1266,1292]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">et al.</emphasis>
2010
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F36C736BEB28FC0B5BFFAFC" author="Geevarghese, G. &amp; Mishra, A. C." pageId="93" pageNumber="94" refId="ref197037" refString="Geevarghese, G. &amp; Mishra, A. C. (2011) Haemaphysalis ticks of India. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 260 pp." type="book" year="2011">Geevarghese &amp; Mishra 2011</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F36C736BAF48E24B497FAFC" author="Vongphayloth, K. &amp; Brey, P. T. &amp; Robbins, R. G. &amp; Sutherland, I. W." box="[220,505,1302,1328]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="166 - 180" refId="ref262367" refString="Vongphayloth, K., Brey, P. T., Robbins, R. G. &amp; Sutherland, I. W. (2016) First survey of the hard tick (Acari: Ixodidae) fauna of Nakai District, Khammouane Province, Laos, and an updated checklist of the ticks of Laos. Systematic &amp; Applied Acarology, 21, 166 - 180. https: // doi. org / 10.11158 / saa. 21.2.2" type="journal article" year="2016">
Vongphayloth
<emphasis id="B94B07520F36C736BB578E25B4D6FAFC" box="[383,440,1302,1328]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">et al.</emphasis>
2016
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F36C736B82C8E25B7DBFAFC" author="Kuo, C. C. &amp; Lin, Y. F. &amp; Yao, C. T. &amp; Shih, H. C. &amp; Chung, L. H. &amp; Liao, H. C. &amp; Hsu, Y. C. &amp; Wang, H. C." box="[516,693,1302,1329]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref222095" refString="Kuo, C. C., Lin, Y. F., Yao, C. T., Shih, H. C., Chung, L. H., Liao, H. C., Hsu, Y. C. &amp; Wang, H. C. (2017) Tick-borne pathogens in ticks collected from birds in Taiwan. Parasites &amp; Vectors, 10 (article 587), 1 - 13. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 13071 - 017 - 2535 - 4" type="journal article" year="2017">
Kuo
<emphasis id="B94B07520F36C736B8138E25B71AFAFC" box="[571,628,1302,1328]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">et al.</emphasis>
2017
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F36C736B8E88E25B6E0FAFC" author="Petney, T. N. &amp; Saijuntha, W. &amp; Boulanger, N. &amp; Chitimia-Dobler, L. &amp; Pfeffer, M. &amp; Eamudomkarn, C. &amp; Andrews, R. H. &amp; Ahamad, M. &amp; Putthasorn, N. &amp; Muders, S. V. &amp; Petney, D. A. &amp; Robbins, R. G." box="[704,910,1302,1329]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="1 - 89" refId="ref243024" refString="Petney, T. N., Saijuntha, W., Boulanger, N., Chitimia-Dobler, L., Pfeffer, M., Eamudomkarn, C., Andrews, R. H., Ahamad, M., Putthasorn, N., Muders, S. V., Petney, D. A. &amp; Robbins, R. G. (2019) Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa, 4558, 1 - 89. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4558.1.1" type="journal article" year="2019">
Petney
<emphasis id="B94B07520F36C736B93C8E25B622FAFC" box="[788,844,1302,1328]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">et al.</emphasis>
2019
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F36C736B9B18E24B13AFAFC" author="Zhao, G. P. &amp; Wang, Y. X. &amp; Fan, Z. W. &amp; Ji, Y. &amp; Liu, M. J. &amp; Zhang, W. H. &amp; Li, X. L. &amp; Zhou, S. X. &amp; Li, H. &amp; Liang, S. &amp; Liu, W. &amp; Yang, Y. &amp; Fang, L. Q." box="[921,1108,1302,1328]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref267094" refString="Zhao, G. P., Wang, Y. X., Fan, Z. W., Ji, Y., Liu, M. J., Zhang, W. H., Li, X. L., Zhou, S. X., Li, H., Liang, S., Liu, W., Yang, Y. &amp; Fang, L. Q. (2021) Mapping ticks and tick-borne pathogens in China. Nature Communications, 12 (article 1075), 1 - 13. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / s 41467 - 021 - 21375 - 1" type="journal article" year="2021">
Zhao
<emphasis id="B94B07520F36C736B9F18E25B17FFAFC" box="[985,1041,1302,1328]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">et al.</emphasis>
2021
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F36C736BAEF8E08B755F9E0" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F36C736BAEF8E08B6DDFA0C" blockId="93.[151,1436,1194,1581]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
The presence of
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F36C736BBAE8E08B7A6FA98" authorityName="Hoogstraal &amp; Kohls" authorityYear="1959" box="[390,712,1338,1364]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Haemaphysalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ornithophila">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F36C736BBAE8E08B7A6FA98" box="[390,712,1338,1364]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Haemaphysalis ornithophila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F36C736B8C78E08B620FA98" box="[751,846,1338,1364]" name="Vietnam" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
is based on
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F36C736B9F78E08B1D7FA98" author="Phan Trong, C." box="[991,1209,1338,1365]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" refId="ref243268" refString="Phan Trong, C. (1977) Ve bet va con trung ky sinh o Viet Nam. Tap 1 (Ixodoidea). Mo ta va phan loai. Hanoi, 489 pp. [in Vietnamese]" type="book" year="1977">Phan Trong (1977)</bibRefCitation>
, who discussed this tick under the name
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F36C736BB538E6CB7D5FAB4" authorityName="Phan Trong" authorityYear="1977" box="[379,699,1374,1400]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Haemaphysalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bacthaiensis">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F36C736BB538E6CB7D5FAB4" box="[379,699,1374,1400]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Haemaphysalis bacthaiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a synonym (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F36C736B97B8E6CB16EFAB5" author="Kolonin, G. V." box="[851,1024,1374,1401]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="276 - 282" refId="ref221185" refString="Kolonin, G. V. (1995 b) Review of the ixodid tick fauna (Acari: Ixodidae) of Vietnam. Journal of Medical Entomology, 32, 276 - 282. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jmedent / 32.3.276" type="journal article" year="1995">Kolonin 1995b</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F36C736BE3B8E6CB05BFAB5" author="Hoogstraal, H. &amp; Kim, K. C." box="[1043,1333,1374,1401]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="505 - 568" refId="ref204579" refString="Hoogstraal, H. &amp; Kim, K. C. (1985) Tick and mammal coevolution, with emphasis on Haemaphysalis. In: Kim K. C. (Editor), Coevolution of parasitic arthropods and mammals. John Wiley &amp; Sons, New York and other cities, pp. 505 - 568." type="book chapter" year="1985">Hoogstraal &amp; Kim (1985)</bibRefCitation>
included
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F36C736BABF8EB0B5B4FA50" box="[151,218,1410,1436]" name="Nepal" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Nepal</collectingCountry>
within the range of
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F36C736BBE88EB0B66FFA50" authorityName="Hoogstraal &amp; Kohls" authorityYear="1959" box="[448,769,1410,1436]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Haemaphysalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ornithophila">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F36C736BBE88EB0B66FFA50" box="[448,769,1410,1436]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Haemaphysalis ornithophila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
without providing the localities where this tick was found; therefore, its inclusion here as an Oriental species in
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F36C736B8C08E94B645FA0C" box="[744,811,1446,1472]" name="Nepal" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Nepal</collectingCountry>
is tentative.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F36C736BAEF8EF8B755F9E0" blockId="93.[151,1436,1194,1581]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
The presence of
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F36C736BBAF8EF8B7A6FA28" authorityName="Hoogstraal &amp; Kohls" authorityYear="1959" box="[391,712,1482,1508]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Haemaphysalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ornithophila">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F36C736BBAF8EF8B7A6FA28" box="[391,712,1482,1508]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Haemaphysalis ornithophila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F36C736B8D88EF8B655FA28" box="[752,827,1482,1508]" name="Russia" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Russia</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F36C736B95C8EF8B16DFA29" box="[884,1027,1482,1509]" name="South Korea" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">South Korea</collectingCountry>
is based on records from migrating birds infested elsewhere (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F36C736BB908EDCB720F9C4" author="Tsapko, N. V." box="[440,590,1518,1544]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="351 - 352" refId="ref260332" refString="Tsapko, N. V. (2020) A checklist of the ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of Russia. Parazitologiya, 51, 351 - 352. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="2020">Tsapko 2020</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F36C736B8728EDCB664F9C4" author="Kim, H. C. &amp; Ko, S. &amp; Choi, C. Y. &amp; Nam, H. Y. &amp; Chae, H. Y. &amp; Chong, S. T. &amp; Klein, T. A. &amp; Sames, W. J. &amp; Robbins, R. G. &amp; Chae, J. S." box="[602,778,1518,1544]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="3 - 10" refId="ref217665" refString="Kim, H. C., Ko, S., Choi, C. Y., Nam, H. Y., Chae, H. Y., Chong, S. T., Klein, T. A., Sames, W. J., Robbins, R. G. &amp; Chae, J. S. (2009) Migratory bird tick surveillance, including a new record of Haemaphysalis ornithophila Hoogstraal and Kohls 1959 (Acari: Ixodidae) from Hong-do (Hong Island), Republic of Korea. Systematic &amp; Applied Acarology, 14, 3 - 10. https: // doi. org / 10.11158 / saa. 14.1.1" type="journal article" year="2009">
Kim
<emphasis id="B94B07520F36C736B8BC8EDDB7A9F9C4" box="[660,711,1518,1544]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">et al</emphasis>
2009
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F36C736B93E8EDCB686F9C4" author="Chong, S. T. &amp; Kim, H. C. &amp; Park, J. G. &amp; Choi, C. Y. &amp; Park, C. U. &amp; Klein, T. A. &amp; Robbins, R. G." box="[790,1000,1518,1544]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="2214 - 2223" refId="ref182747" refString="Chong, S. T., Kim, H. C., Park, J. G., Choi, C. Y., Park, C. U., Klein, T. A. &amp; Robbins, R. G. (2018) Tick surveillance of migratory birds during 2010 - 2011 on Hong and Heuksan Islands, Jeollanam Province, Republic of Korea. Systematic &amp; Applied Acarology, 23, 2214 - 2223. https: // doi. org / 10.11158 / saa. 23.11.13" type="journal article" year="2018">
Chong
<emphasis id="B94B07520F36C736B9418EDDB6CDF9C4" box="[873,931,1518,1544]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">et al.</emphasis>
2018
</bibRefCitation>
); consequently, these countries are not included within the range of this tick.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>