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<mods:title id="DB648F05D25C228F8B34957BB695A77F">Geographic distribution of the hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) of the world by countries and territories</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03966A560F13C713BABF8FC1B7E3F859" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7718395" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209449925" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7718395" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03966A560F13C713BABF8FC1B7E3F859" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03966A560F13C713BABF8FC1B7E3F859" lastPageNumber="121" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">
<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F13C713BABF8FC1B7C5FAC1" box="[151,683,1266,1293]" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F13C713BABF8FC1B7C5FAC1" blockId="120.[151,1437,1266,1941]" box="[151,683,1266,1293]" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F13C713BABF8FC1B5D5FAC1" bold="true" box="[151,187,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">42.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F13C713BAEC8FC0B7C8FAC1" ID-CoL="6WTJ6" ID-ENA="669982" authority="Pomerantzev, 1946" authorityName="Pomerantzev" authorityYear="1946" box="[196,678,1266,1293]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leporis">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F13C713BAEC8FC0B4AFFAC1" bold="true" box="[196,449,1266,1293]" italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">Rhipicephalus leporis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F13C713BBE28FC1B7C8FAC1" author="Pomerantzev, B. I." box="[458,678,1267,1293]" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" refId="ref243883" refString="Pomerantzev, B. I. (1946) Ticks (Family Ixodidae) of the USSR and adjacent countries. Nauka, Moscow, 28 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1946">Pomerantzev, 1946</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F13C713B89B8FC1B174FAFD" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F13C713B89B8FC1B174FAFD" blockId="120.[151,1437,1266,1941]" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">
Palearctic: 1)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F13C713B97A8FC1B6B0FAC1" box="[850,990,1267,1293]" name="Afghanistan" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">Afghanistan</collectingCountry>
, 2)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F13C713BE248FC1B1FCFAC1" box="[1036,1170,1267,1293]" name="Kazakhstan" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
, 3)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F13C713BE978FC1B05EFAC1" box="[1215,1328,1267,1293]" name="Tajikistan" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">Tajikistan</collectingCountry>
, 4)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F13C713BF758FC1B591FAFD" name="Turkmenistan" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">Turkmenistan</collectingCountry>
, 5)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F13C713BB018E25B4C9FAFD" box="[297,423,1303,1329]" name="Uzbekistan" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">Uzbekistan</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F13C713BB9D8E25B70AFAFD" author="Filippova, N. A." box="[437,612,1303,1329]" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" refId="ref194890" refString="Filippova, N. A. (1997) Ixodid ticks of the subfamily Amblyomminae. In: Fauna of Russia and neighbouring countries, 4 (5) Nauka, St. Petersburg, 436 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1997">Filippova 1997</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F13C713B8478E25B663FAFD" author="Kolonin, G. V." box="[623,781,1303,1329]" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" refId="ref221361" refString="Kolonin, G. V. (2009) Fauna of ixodid ticks of the world. https: // archive. is / CtZk. Last accessed February 11, 2022." type="url" year="2009">Kolonin 2009</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F13C713B9308E25B160FAFD" author="Perfilyeva, Y. V. &amp; Shapiyeva, Z. Zh. &amp; Ostapchuk, Y. O. &amp; Berdygulova, Z. A. &amp; Bissenbay, A. O. &amp; Kulemin, M. V. &amp; Ismagulova, G. A. &amp; Skiba, Y. A. &amp; Sayakova, Z. Z. &amp; Mamadaliyev, S. M. &amp; Maltseva, E. R. &amp; Dmitrovskiy, A. M." box="[792,1038,1303,1329]" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref242441" refString="Perfilyeva, Y. V., Shapiyeva, Z. Zh., Ostapchuk, Y. O., Berdygulova, Z. A., Bissenbay, A. O., Kulemin, M. V., Ismagulova, G. A., Skiba, Y. A., Sayakova, Z. Z., Mamadaliyev, S. M., Maltseva, E. R. &amp;, Dmitrovskiy, A. M. (2020) Tick-borne pathogens and their vectors in Kazakhstan - A review. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 11 (5) (article 101498), 1 - 10. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ttbdis. 2020.101498" type="journal article" year="2020">
Perfilyeva
<emphasis id="B94B07520F13C713B9BA8E25B6A4FAFD" box="[914,970,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">et al.</emphasis>
2020
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F13C713BAEF8E09B7E3F859" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F13C713BAEF8E09B432F99D" blockId="120.[151,1437,1266,1941]" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">
Distributional data concerning
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F13C713B8008E09B671FA99" authorityName="Pomerantzev" authorityYear="1946" box="[552,799,1339,1365]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leporis">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F13C713B8008E09B671FA99" box="[552,799,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">Rhipicephalus leporis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are mostly from
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F13C713B9C08E09B1C7FA99" author="Filippova, N. A." box="[1000,1193,1339,1365]" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" refId="ref194890" refString="Filippova, N. A. (1997) Ixodid ticks of the subfamily Amblyomminae. In: Fauna of Russia and neighbouring countries, 4 (5) Nauka, St. Petersburg, 436 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1997">Filippova (1997)</bibRefCitation>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F13C713BE9E8E09B0F2FA99" author="Walker, J. B. &amp; Keirans, J. E. &amp; Horak, I. G." box="[1206,1436,1339,1365]" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" refId="ref263510" refString="Walker, J. B., Keirans, J. E. &amp; Horak, I. G. (2000) The genus Rhipicephalus (Acari: Ixodidae): a guide to the brown ticks of the world. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 643 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / CBO 9780511661754" type="book" year="2000">
Walker
<emphasis id="B94B07520F13C713BF278E09B027FA99" box="[1295,1353,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">et al.</emphasis>
(2000)
</bibRefCitation>
did not discuss the types of this tick and did not include
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F13C713B93A8E6DB6FEFAB5" box="[786,912,1375,1401]" name="Uzbekistan" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">Uzbekistan</collectingCountry>
within the range of
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F13C713BE5D8E6DB004FAB5" authorityName="Pomerantzev" authorityYear="1946" box="[1141,1386,1375,1401]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leporis">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F13C713BE5D8E6DB004FAB5" box="[1141,1386,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">Rhipicephalus leporis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F13C713BABF8EB1B413FA51" author="Pomerantzev, B. I." box="[151,381,1411,1437]" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" refId="ref243883" refString="Pomerantzev, B. I. (1946) Ticks (Family Ixodidae) of the USSR and adjacent countries. Nauka, Moscow, 28 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1946">Pomerantzev (1946)</bibRefCitation>
described this tick from specimens collected in that country. Additionally,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F13C713BEF58EB1B0F2FA51" author="Filippova, N. A." box="[1245,1436,1411,1437]" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" pagination="939 - 951" refId="ref194932" refString="Filippova, N. A. (2008) Type specimens of argasid and ixodid ticks (Ixodoidea: Argasidae, Ixodidae) in the collection of the Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences (St. Petersburg). Entomological Review, 88, 1002 - 1011. [original version in Russian, Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 87, 939 - 951] https: // doi. org / 10.1134 / S 0013873808080149" type="journal article" year="2008">Filippova (2008)</bibRefCitation>
stated that the
<typeStatus id="548465E20F13C713BB178E95B4C8FA0D" box="[319,422,1447,1473]" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
and
<typeStatus id="548465E20F13C713BBC88E95B719FA0D" box="[480,631,1447,1473]" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" type="paralectotype">paralectotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F13C713B8888E95B6F9FA0D" authorityName="Pomerantzev" authorityYear="1946" box="[672,919,1447,1473]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leporis">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F13C713B8888E95B6F9FA0D" box="[672,919,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">Rhipicephalus leporis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were collected from hares in Kenimekh District,
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F13C713BAFA8EF9B43AFA29" box="[210,340,1483,1509]" name="Uzbekistan" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">Uzbekistan</collectingCountry>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F13C713BB768EF9B751FA29" author="Walker, J. B. &amp; Keirans, J. E. &amp; Horak, I. G." box="[350,575,1483,1509]" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" refId="ref263510" refString="Walker, J. B., Keirans, J. E. &amp; Horak, I. G. (2000) The genus Rhipicephalus (Acari: Ixodidae): a guide to the brown ticks of the world. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 643 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / CBO 9780511661754" type="book" year="2000">
Walker
<emphasis id="B94B07520F13C713BB9D8EF9B483FA29" box="[437,493,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">et al.</emphasis>
(2000)
</bibRefCitation>
included
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F13C713B8858EF9B7B4FA29" box="[685,730,1483,1509]" name="Iran" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">Iran</collectingCountry>
within the range of
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F13C713B9948EF9B1DFFA29" authorityName="Pomerantzev" authorityYear="1946" box="[956,1201,1483,1509]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leporis">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F13C713B9948EF9B1DFFA29" box="[956,1201,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">Rhipicephalus leporis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but no records from that country were found during our analysis, and the presence of this species in
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F13C713BE308EDDB12BF9C5" box="[1048,1093,1519,1545]" name="Iran" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">Iran</collectingCountry>
is not recognized in
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F13C713BF198EDDB58AF9E1" author="Filippova, N. A." pageId="120" pageNumber="121" refId="ref194890" refString="Filippova, N. A. (1997) Ixodid ticks of the subfamily Amblyomminae. In: Fauna of Russia and neighbouring countries, 4 (5) Nauka, St. Petersburg, 436 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1997">Filippova (1997)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F13C713BAC78D21B4F2F9E1" author="Kolonin, G. V." box="[239,412,1555,1581]" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" refId="ref221361" refString="Kolonin, G. V. (2009) Fauna of ixodid ticks of the world. https: // archive. is / CtZk. Last accessed February 11, 2022." type="url" year="2009">Kolonin (2009)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F13C713BBF88D21B644F9E1" author="Hosseini-Chegeni, A. &amp; Tavakoli, M. &amp; Telmadarraiy, Z." box="[464,810,1555,1581]" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" pagination="2133 - 2166" refId="ref210448" refString="Hosseini-Chegeni, A., Tavakoli, M. &amp; Telmadarraiy, Z. (2019) The updated list of ticks (Acari: Ixodidae &amp; Argasidae) occurring in Iran with a key to the identification of species. Systematic &amp; Applied Acarology, 24, 2133 - 2166. https: // doi. org / 10.11158 / saa. 24.11.8" type="journal article" year="2019">
Hosseini-Chegeni
<emphasis id="B94B07520F13C713B8B78D21B7B9F9E1" box="[671,727,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">et al.</emphasis>
(2019)
</bibRefCitation>
. We have therefore provisionally excluded
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F13C713BF228D21B059F9E1" box="[1290,1335,1555,1581]" name="Iran" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">Iran</collectingCountry>
from the range of this tick.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F13C713BAEF8D69B7E3F859" blockId="120.[151,1437,1266,1941]" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">
Samshuddin &amp; Mohammad (1988),
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F13C713B8488D69B645F9B9" author="Hadi, H. D. &amp; Hadi, A. M. &amp; Jassim, S. Y." box="[608,811,1627,1653]" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" pagination="353 - 357" refId="ref200836" refString="Hadi, H. D., Hadi, A. M. &amp; Jassim, S. Y. (2020) Molecular diagnosis of Ixodidae from Canidae in Iraq. Plant Archives, 20, 353 - 357." type="journal article" year="2020">
Hadi
<emphasis id="B94B07520F13C713B8B78D69B7B6F9B9" box="[671,728,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">et al.</emphasis>
(2020)
</bibRefCitation>
and others cited several reports of
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F13C713BE928D69B5DBF954" authorityName="Pomerantzev" authorityYear="1946" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leporis">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F13C713BE928D69B5DBF954" italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">Rhipicephalus leporis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F13C713BAF48D4DB462F955" box="[220,268,1663,1689]" name="Iraq" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">Iraq</collectingCountry>
, but its presence there was considered tentative by
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F13C713B9728D4DB12FF955" author="Walker, J. B. &amp; Keirans, J. E. &amp; Horak, I. G." box="[858,1089,1663,1689]" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" refId="ref263510" refString="Walker, J. B., Keirans, J. E. &amp; Horak, I. G. (2000) The genus Rhipicephalus (Acari: Ixodidae): a guide to the brown ticks of the world. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 643 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / CBO 9780511661754" type="book" year="2000">
Walker
<emphasis id="B94B07520F13C713B99B8D4DB683F955" box="[947,1005,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">et al.</emphasis>
(2000)
</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F13C713BE538D4DB040F955" author="Kolonin, G. V." box="[1147,1326,1663,1689]" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" refId="ref221361" refString="Kolonin, G. V. (2009) Fauna of ixodid ticks of the world. https: // archive. is / CtZk. Last accessed February 11, 2022." type="url" year="2009">Kolonin (2009)</bibRefCitation>
. We have tentatively excluded
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F13C713BBAA8D91B4C1F971" box="[386,431,1699,1725]" name="Iraq" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">Iraq</collectingCountry>
from the range of
<emphasis id="B94B07520F13C713B8AD8D91B6EDF971" box="[645,899,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F13C713B8AD8D91B610F971" authorityName="Pomerantzev" authorityYear="1946" box="[645,894,1699,1725]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leporis">Rhipicephalus leporis</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
However,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F13C713B9D68D91B19AF971" author="Hornok, S. &amp; Sandor, A. D. &amp; Tomanovic, S. &amp; Beck, R. &amp; D'Amico, G. &amp; Kontschan, J. &amp; Takacs, N. &amp; Bendjeddou, M. L. &amp; Farkas, R." box="[1022,1268,1699,1725]" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" pagination="1 - 11" refId="ref209514" refString="Hornok, S., Sandor, A. D., Tomanovic, S., Beck, R., D'Amico, G., Kontschan, J., Takacs, N., G ˆ rf ˆ l, T., Bendjeddou, M. L., F ˆ ldvari, G. &amp; Farkas, R. (2017 a) East and west separation of Rhipicephalus sanguineus mitochondrial lineages in the Mediterranean Basin. Parasites &amp; Vectors, 10 (article 39), 1 - 11. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 13071 - 017 - 1985 - z" type="journal article" year="2017">
Hornok
<emphasis id="B94B07520F13C713BE748D91B1FBF971" box="[1116,1173,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">et al.</emphasis>
(2017a)
</bibRefCitation>
suggested that
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F13C713BABF8DF5B4E2F92D" authorityName="Pomerantzev" authorityYear="1946" box="[151,396,1735,1761]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leporis">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F13C713BABF8DF5B4E2F92D" box="[151,396,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">Rhipicephalus leporis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is found in
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F13C713B8268DF5B739F92D" box="[526,599,1735,1761]" name="Kenya" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">Kenya</collectingCountry>
and the
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F13C713B89D8DF5B655F92D" box="[693,827,1735,1761]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">Ivory Coast</collectingCountry>
, based on two morphological characters of this species and similarity between the DNA sequences of the African ticks and a sequence from an alleged Iraqi
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F13C713BED48DD9B58BF8E5" authorityName="Pomerantzev" authorityYear="1946" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leporis">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F13C713BED48DD9B58BF8E5" italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">Rhipicephalus leporis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimen. It is possible that these ticks from the
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F13C713B9328C3DB6CCF8E5" box="[794,930,1807,1833]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">Ivory Coast</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F13C713B9868C3DB699F8E5" box="[942,1015,1807,1833]" name="Kenya" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">Kenya</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F13C713BE188C3DB133F8E5" box="[1072,1117,1807,1833]" name="Iraq" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">Iraq</collectingCountry>
belong to the same species, but not neccesarily
<emphasis id="B94B07520F13C713BB5A8C01B701F881" box="[370,623,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F13C713BB5A8C01B704F881" authorityName="Pomerantzev" authorityYear="1946" box="[370,618,1843,1869]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leporis">Rhipicephalus leporis</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
This uncertainty will only be resolved by studying the molecular profile of
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F13C713BA9E8C65B4C5F8BD" authorityName="Pomerantzev" authorityYear="1946" box="[182,427,1879,1905]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leporis">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F13C713BA9E8C65B4C5F8BD" box="[182,427,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">Rhipicephalus leporis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
collected from the
<typeStatus id="548465E20F13C713B8AE8C65B7D8F8BD" box="[646,694,1879,1905]" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">type</typeStatus>
host (hare) at the
<typeStatus id="548465E20F13C713B9AA8C65B6DCF8BD" box="[898,946,1879,1905]" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">type</typeStatus>
locality, thereby ensuring comparable data, together with sound morphological analyses.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>