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<mods:title id="323A2876F9E662A4E6C5287E07412294">Geographic distribution of the hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) of the world by countries and territories</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03966A560F13C713BABF8A5DB0F6FD3D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7718391" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209449927" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7718391" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03966A560F13C713BABF8A5DB0F6FD3D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03966A560F13C713BABF8A5DB0F6FD3D" lastPageNumber="121" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">
<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F13C713BABF8A5DB720FE45" box="[151,590,366,395]" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F13C713BABF8A5DB720FE45" blockId="120.[151,1437,366,753]" box="[151,590,366,395]" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F13C713BABF8A5DB5D5FE45" bold="true" box="[151,187,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">40.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F13C713BAE98A5CB724FE45" ID-CoL="6WTJ3" ID-ENA="127005" authorityName="Donitz" authorityYear="1905" box="[193,586,366,395]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kochi">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F13C713BAE98A5CB4C0FE45" bold="true" box="[193,430,366,393]" italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">Rhipicephalus kochi</emphasis>
D ö nitz, 1905
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F13C713B87B8A5DB6CAFE1D" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F13C713B87B8A5DB6CAFE1D" blockId="120.[151,1437,366,753]" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">
Afrotropical: 1)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F13C713B9208A5DB633FE45" box="[776,861,367,393]" name="Angola" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">Angola</collectingCountry>
, 2)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F13C713B9AF8A5DB688FE45" box="[903,998,367,393]" name="Burundi" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">Burundi</collectingCountry>
, 3)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F13C713BE268A5DB0F9FE45" box="[1038,1431,367,393]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">Democratic Republic of the Congo</collectingCountry>
, 4)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F13C713BA9C8AA1B46EFE61" box="[180,256,403,429]" name="Kenya" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">Kenya</collectingCountry>
, 5)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F13C713BB008AA1B4EEFE61" box="[296,384,403,429]" name="Malawi" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">Malawi</collectingCountry>
, 6)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F13C713BB808AA1B751FE61" box="[424,575,403,429]" name="Mozambique" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
, 7)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F13C713B84E8AA1B798FE61" box="[614,758,403,429]" name="South Africa" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">South Africa</collectingCountry>
, 8)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F13C713B9358AA1B6EBFE61" box="[797,901,403,429]" name="Tanzania" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
, 9)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F13C713B9848AA1B16AFE61" box="[940,1028,403,429]" name="Zambia" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">Zambia</collectingCountry>
, 10)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F13C713BE128AA1B1DCFE61" box="[1082,1202,403,429]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F13C713BE978AA1B0F6FE61" author="Clifford, C. M. &amp; Walker, J. B. &amp; Keirans, J. E." box="[1215,1432,403,429]" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" pagination="77 - 89" refId="ref183909" refString="Clifford, C. M., Walker, J. B. &amp; Keirans, J. E. (1983) Clarification of the status of Rhipicephalus kochi D ˆ nitz, 1905 (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae). Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 50, 77 - 89." type="journal article" year="1983">
Clifford
<emphasis id="B94B07520F13C713BF088AA1B036FE61" box="[1312,1368,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">et al.</emphasis>
1983
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F13C713BABF8A85B406FE1D" author="Walker, J. B. &amp; Keirans, J. E. &amp; Horak, I. G." box="[151,360,439,465]" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" refId="ref263510" refString="Walker, J. B., Keirans, J. E. &amp; Horak, I. G. (2000) The genus Rhipicephalus (Acari: Ixodidae): a guide to the brown ticks of the world. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 643 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / CBO 9780511661754" type="book" year="2000">
Walker
<emphasis id="B94B07520F13C713BAC68A85B449FE1D" box="[238,295,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">et al.</emphasis>
2000
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F13C713BB5B8A85B77FFE1D" author="Kolonin, G. V." box="[371,529,439,465]" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" refId="ref221361" refString="Kolonin, G. V. (2009) Fauna of ixodid ticks of the world. https: // archive. is / CtZk. Last accessed February 11, 2022." type="url" year="2009">Kolonin 2009</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F13C713B8348A85B78DFE1D" author="Horak, I. G. &amp; Heyne, H. &amp; Williams, R. &amp; Gallivan, G. J. &amp; Spickett, A. &amp; Bezuidenhout, J. D. &amp; Estrada-Pena, A." box="[540,739,439,465]" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" refId="ref208796" refString="Horak, I. G., Heyne, H., Williams, R., Gallivan, G. J., Spickett, A., Bezuidenhout, J. D. &amp; Estrada-Pena, A. (2018) The ixodid ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of southern Africa. Springer, Cham, 676 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 319 - 70642 - 9" type="book" year="2018">
Horak
<emphasis id="B94B07520F13C713B8418A85B7CFFE1D" box="[617,673,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">et al.</emphasis>
2018
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F13C713B8C68A85B6F9FE1D" author="Sili, G. &amp; Byaruhanga, C. &amp; Horak, I. &amp; Steyn, H. &amp; Chaisi, M. &amp; Oosthuizen, M. C. &amp; Neves, L." box="[750,919,439,465]" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" pagination="1097 - 1102" refId="ref254450" refString="Sili, G., Byaruhanga, C., Horak, I., Steyn, H., Chaisi, M., Oosthuizen, M. C. &amp; Neves, L. (2021) Ticks and tick-borne pathogens infecting livestock and dogs in Tchicala-Tcholoanga, Huambo Province, Angola. Parasitology Research, 120, 1097 - 1102. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00436 - 020 - 07009 - 3" type="journal article" year="2021">
Sili
<emphasis id="B94B07520F13C713B9348A85B63AFE1D" box="[796,852,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">et al.</emphasis>
2021
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F13C713BAEF8AE9B0F6FD3D" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F13C713BAEF8AE9B6C4FDAD" blockId="120.[151,1437,366,753]" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">
Several records of
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F13C713BBB28AE9B710FE39" box="[410,638,475,501]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kochi">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F13C713BBB28AE9B710FE39" box="[410,638,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">Rhipicephalus kochi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been published under the name
<emphasis id="B94B07520F13C713BE0C8AE9B075FE38" box="[1060,1307,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F13C713BE0C8AE9B079FE38" box="[1060,1303,475,501]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neavei">Rhipicephalus neavei</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F13C713BA9E8ACDB7EBFDD5" authority="(Walker et al. 2000)" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="2000" box="[182,645,511,537]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kochi">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F13C713BA9E8ACDB4F4FDD5" box="[182,410,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">Rhipicephalus kochi</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F13C713BB828ACDB713FDD5" author="Walker, J. B. &amp; Keirans, J. E. &amp; Horak, I. G." box="[426,637,511,537]" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" refId="ref263510" refString="Walker, J. B., Keirans, J. E. &amp; Horak, I. G. (2000) The genus Rhipicephalus (Acari: Ixodidae): a guide to the brown ticks of the world. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 643 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / CBO 9780511661754" type="book" year="2000">
Walker
<emphasis id="B94B07520F13C713B8298ACDB757FDD5" box="[513,569,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">et al.</emphasis>
2000
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Additionally, many diagnoses of
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F13C713BE288ACDB18AFDD5" box="[1024,1252,511,537]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kochi">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F13C713BE288ACDB18AFDD5" box="[1024,1252,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">Rhipicephalus kochi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
before the redescription of this species by
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F13C713BBEE8911B7C0FDF1" author="Clifford, C. M. &amp; Walker, J. B. &amp; Keirans, J. E." box="[454,686,547,573]" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" pagination="77 - 89" refId="ref183909" refString="Clifford, C. M., Walker, J. B. &amp; Keirans, J. E. (1983) Clarification of the status of Rhipicephalus kochi D ˆ nitz, 1905 (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae). Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 50, 77 - 89." type="journal article" year="1983">
Clifford
<emphasis id="B94B07520F13C713B80E8911B730FDF1" box="[550,606,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">et al.</emphasis>
(1983)
</bibRefCitation>
resulted from confusion with other
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F13C713BE168911B058FDF1" box="[1086,1334,547,573]" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F13C713BE168911B1B0FDF1" box="[1086,1246,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">Rhipicephalus</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F13C713BF6D8911B58EFDAD" author="Keirans, J. E." pageId="120" pageNumber="121" pagination="1 - 1785" refId="ref214582" refString="Keirans, J. E. (1985 b) George Henry Falkiner Nuttall and the Nuttall tick catalogue. United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Miscellaneous Publication, (1438), 1 - 1785. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 65326" type="journal article" year="1985">
Keirans 1985
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F13C713BAF98974B58EFDAD" author="Walker, J. B. &amp; Keirans, J. E. &amp; Horak, I. G." box="[209,224,582,609]" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" refId="ref263510" refString="Walker, J. B., Keirans, J. E. &amp; Horak, I. G. (2000) The genus Rhipicephalus (Acari: Ixodidae): a guide to the brown ticks of the world. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 643 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / CBO 9780511661754" type="book" year="2000">b</bibRefCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
, Walker
<emphasis id="B94B07520F13C713BB6A8975B414FDAD" box="[322,378,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">et al.</emphasis>
2000), and these are not included in this analysis.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F13C713BAEF8959B6C1FD01" blockId="120.[151,1437,366,753]" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F13C713BAEF8959B415FD49" author="Burridge, M. J." box="[199,379,619,645]" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" refId="ref178986" refString="Burridge, M. J. (2011) Non-Native and Invasive Ticks. Threats to Human and Animal Health in the United States. University of Florida Press, Gainesville, 448 pp." type="book" year="2011">Burridge (2011)</bibRefCitation>
described a broader distribution of
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F13C713B9238959B681FD49" box="[779,1007,619,645]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kochi">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F13C713B9238959B681FD49" box="[779,1007,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">Rhipicephalus kochi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
than that provided here, but
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F13C713BF198959B469FD65" author="Walker, J. B. &amp; Keirans, J. E. &amp; Horak, I. G." pageId="120" pageNumber="121" refId="ref263510" refString="Walker, J. B., Keirans, J. E. &amp; Horak, I. G. (2000) The genus Rhipicephalus (Acari: Ixodidae): a guide to the brown ticks of the world. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 643 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / CBO 9780511661754" type="book" year="2000">
Walker
<emphasis id="B94B07520F13C713BFA08959B5DAFD65" italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">et al.</emphasis>
(2000)
</bibRefCitation>
stated that records from outside the countries listed above (
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F13C713B98189BDB693FD65" box="[937,1021,655,681]" name="Angola" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">Angola</collectingCountry>
excepted) almost certainly represent species other than
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F13C713BB4F8981B725FD01" box="[359,587,691,717]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kochi">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F13C713BB4F8981B725FD01" box="[359,587,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">Rhipicephalus kochi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and this view is accepted here.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F13C713BAEF89E5B0F6FD3D" blockId="120.[151,1437,366,753]" box="[199,1432,727,753]" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F13C713BAEF89E5B4C1FD3D" author="Farooqi, S. H. &amp; Ijaz, M. &amp; Saleem, M. H. &amp; Rashid, M. I. &amp; Oneeb, M. &amp; Khan, A. &amp; Aqib A. I. &amp; Mahmood, S." box="[199,431,727,753]" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" pagination="2011 - 2017" refId="ref193710" refString="Farooqi, S. H., Ijaz, M., Saleem, M. H., Rashid, M. I., Oneeb, M., Khan, A., Aqib A. I. &amp; Mahmood, S. (2017) Distribution of ixodid tick species and associated risk factors in temporal zones of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan. Pakistan Zoological Journal, 49, 2011 - 2017. https: // doi. org / 10.17582 / journal. pjz / 2017.49.6.2011.2017" type="journal article" year="2017">
Farooqi
<emphasis id="B94B07520F13C713BB0D89E5B430FD3D" box="[293,350,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">et al.</emphasis>
(2017)
</bibRefCitation>
allegedly found
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F13C713B84489E5B63EFD3D" box="[620,848,727,753]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kochi">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F13C713B84489E5B63EFD3D" box="[620,848,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">Rhipicephalus kochi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F13C713B95B89E5B6BBFD3D" box="[883,981,727,753]" name="Pakistan" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
, but this is probably a misidentification.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>