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<emphasis id="B94B07520F06C706BABF89C9B5D4FCD9" bold="true" box="[151,186,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">26.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F06C706BAEA89C8B730FCD9" ID-CoL="6MGGJ" ID-ENA="72855" authority="Koch, 1844 a" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[194,606,762,789]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncatum">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F06C706BAEA89C8B4ACFCD9" bold="true" box="[194,450,762,789]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Hyalomma truncatum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F06C706BBE389C9B730FCD9" author="Koch, C. L." box="[459,606,763,789]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="217 - 239" refId="ref219297" refString="Koch, C. L. (1844 a) Systematische Ubersicht ¸ ber die Ordnung der Zecken. Archiv f ¸ r Naturgeschichte, 10, 217 - 239. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 29560" type="journal article" year="1844">Koch, 1844a</bibRefCitation>
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.
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Afrotropical: 1) 
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F06C706B93789C9B61AFCD9" box="[799,884,763,789]" name="Angola" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Angola</collectingCountry>
, 2) 
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F06C706B98889C9B688FCD9" box="[928,998,763,789]" name="Benin" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Benin</collectingCountry>
, 3) 
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F06C706BE3989C9B1ECFCD9" box="[1041,1154,763,789]" name="Botswana" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Botswana</collectingCountry>
, 4) 
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F06C706BE8589C9B029FCD9" box="[1197,1351,763,789]" name="Burkina Faso" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Burkina Faso</collectingCountry>
, 5) 
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F06C706BF5A89C9B5BBFCF5" name="Burundi" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Burundi</collectingCountry>
, 6) 
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F06C706BAD3882DB41DFCF5" box="[251,371,799,825]" name="Cameroon" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
, 7) 
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F06C706BBB1882DB7DCFCF5" box="[409,690,799,825]" name="Central African Republic" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Central African Republic</collectingCountry>
, 8) 
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F06C706B8F1882DB67AFCF5" box="[729,788,799,825]" name="Chad" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Chad</collectingCountry>
(south), 9) 
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F06C706B9BA882DB6B1FCF5" box="[914,991,799,825]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Congo</collectingCountry>
, 10) 
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F06C706BE3C882DB0F6FCF5" box="[1044,1432,799,825]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Democratic Republic of the Congo</collectingCountry>
, 11) 
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F06C706BAEB8871B44DFC91" box="[195,291,835,861]" name="Djibouti" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Djibouti</collectingCountry>
, 12) 
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F06C706BB748871B4C5FC91" box="[348,427,835,861]" name="Eritrea" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Eritrea</collectingCountry>
, 13) 
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F06C706BBCD8871B724FC91" box="[485,586,835,861]" name="Swaziland" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Eswatini</collectingCountry>
, 14) 
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F06C706B8AA8871B78AFC91" box="[642,740,835,861]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
, 15) 
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F06C706B9358871B617FC91" box="[797,889,835,861]" name="Gambia" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Gambia</collectingCountry>
, 16) 
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F06C706B99A8871B690FC91" box="[946,1022,835,861]" name="Ghana" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Ghana</collectingCountry>
, 17) 
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F06C706BE1F8871B1E5FC91" box="[1079,1163,835,861]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Guinea</collectingCountry>
, 18) 
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F06C706BEEB8871B005FC91" box="[1219,1387,835,861]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Guinea-Bissau</collectingCountry>
, 19) 
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F06C706BABF8855B470FC4D" box="[151,286,871,897]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Ivory Coast</collectingCountry>
, 20) 
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F06C706BB7E8855B4CCFC4D" box="[342,418,871,897]" name="Kenya" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Kenya</collectingCountry>
, 21) 
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F06C706BBF38855B756FC4D" box="[475,568,871,897]" name="Lesotho" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Lesotho</collectingCountry>
, 22) 
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F06C706B8588855B7A6FC4D" box="[624,712,871,897]" name="Malawi" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Malawi</collectingCountry>
, 23) 
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F06C706B9298855B658FC4D" box="[769,822,871,897]" name="Serbia" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Mali</collectingCountry>
(south), 24) 
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F06C706B9E08855B12DFC4D" box="[968,1091,871,897]" name="Mauritania" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Mauritania</collectingCountry>
(south), 25) 
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F06C706BEFD8855B002FC4D" box="[1237,1388,871,897]" name="Mozambique" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
, 26) 
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F06C706BABF88B9B594FC69" box="[151,250,907,933]" name="Namibia" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Namibia</collectingCountry>
, 27) 
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F06C706BB1888B9B41EFC69" box="[304,368,907,933]" name="Niger" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Niger</collectingCountry>
(south), 28) 
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F06C706BBD588B9B73AFC69" box="[509,596,907,933]" name="Nigeria" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
, 29) 
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F06C706B8A188B9B786FC69" box="[649,744,907,933]" name="Rwanda" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Rwanda</collectingCountry>
, 30) 
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F06C706B93588B9B616FC69" box="[797,888,907,933]" name="Senegal" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Senegal</collectingCountry>
, 31) 
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F06C706B98688B9B163FC69" box="[942,1037,907,933]" name="Somalia" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Somalia</collectingCountry>
, 32) 
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F06C706BE6A88B9B1BCFC69" box="[1090,1234,907,933]" name="South Africa" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">South Africa</collectingCountry>
, 33) 
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F06C706BF2088B9B0F6FC69" box="[1288,1432,907,933]" name="South Sudan" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">South Sudan</collectingCountry>
, 34) 
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F06C706BAEB889DB462FC05" box="[195,268,943,969]" name="Sudan" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Sudan</collectingCountry>
, 35) 
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F06C706BB68889DB4C6FC05" box="[320,424,943,969]" name="Tanzania" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
, 36) 
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F06C706BBF5889DB777FC05" box="[477,537,943,969]" name="Togo" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Togo</collectingCountry>
, 37) 
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F06C706B866889DB7C6FC05" box="[590,680,943,969]" name="Uganda" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Uganda</collectingCountry>
, 38) 
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F06C706B8F6889DB658FC05" box="[734,822,943,969]" name="Zambia" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Zambia</collectingCountry>
, 39) 
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F06C706B944889DB68AFC05" box="[876,996,943,969]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F06C706B9D9889DB1D5FC05" author="Hoogstraal, H." box="[1009,1211,942,969]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" refId="ref202266" refString="Hoogstraal, H. (1956 a) African Ixodoidea. I. Ticks of the Sudan (with special reference to Equatoria Province and with preliminary reviews of the genera Boophilus, Margaropus and Hyalomma). Research Report NM 005 050. 29. 07, Department of the Navy, Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, Washington D. C., 1101 pp." type="book" year="1956">
Hoogstraal 1956 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F06C706BE86889CB1D5FC05" author="Aeschlimann, A." box="[1198,1211,942,969]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="281 - 405" refId="ref167319" refString="Aeschlimann, A. (1967) Biologie et ecologie des tiques (Ixodoidea) de Cote d'Ivoire. Acta Tropica, 24, 281 - 405." type="journal article" year="1967">a</bibRefCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
, Aeschlimann 1967, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F06C706BABF88E1B4C8FC21" author="Yeoman, G. H. &amp; Walker, J. B." box="[151,422,979,1005]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" refId="ref266297" refString="Yeoman, G. H. &amp; Walker, J. B. (1967) The ixodid ticks of Tanzania. A study of the zoogeography of the Ixodidae of an East African country. Commonwealth Institute of Entomology, London, 215 pp." type="book" year="1967">Yeoman &amp; Walker 1967</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F06C706BB9888E1B72FFC21" author="Walker, J. B." box="[432,577,979,1005]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" refId="ref262953" refString="Walker, J. B. (1974) The ixodid ticks of Kenya. A review of present knowledge of their hosts and distribution. Commonwealth Institute of Entomology, London, 220 pp." type="book" year="1974">Walker 1974</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F06C706B86488E1B79CFC21" author="Keirans, J. E." box="[588,754,978,1005]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="1 - 1785" refId="ref214582" refString="Keirans, J. E. (1985 b) George Henry Falkiner Nuttall and the Nuttall tick catalogue. United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Miscellaneous Publication, (1438), 1 - 1785. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 65326" type="journal article" year="1985">
Keirans 1985 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F06C706B8CB88E0B79CFC21" author="Walker, J. B." box="[739,754,978,1005]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="57 - 75" refId="ref262989" refString="Walker, J. B. (1990) Two new species of ticks from southern Africa whose adults parasitize the feet of ungulates: Rhipicephalus lounsburyi n. sp. and Rhipicephalus neumanni n. sp. (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae). Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 57, 57 - 75." type="journal article" year="1990">b</bibRefCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
, Konstantinov 
<emphasis id="B94B07520F06C706B9B188E1B6BFFC21" box="[921,977,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">et al.</emphasis>
1990, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F06C706BE3388E1B1C1FC21" author="Tandon, S. K." box="[1051,1199,979,1005]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="1 - 175" refId="ref256942" refString="Tandon, S. K. (1991) The ixodid ticks of Zambia (Acarina: Ixodidae). A study of distribution, ecology and host relationships. Occasional Paper of the Records of the Zoological Survey of India, 134, 1 - 175." type="journal article" year="1991">Tandon 1991</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F06C706BE9288E1B0F6FC21" author="Terenius, O. &amp; Mejlon, H. A. &amp; Jaenson, T. G. T." box="[1210,1432,979,1005]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="973 - 976" refId="ref258461" refString="Terenius, O., Mejlon, H. A. &amp; Jaenson, T. G. T. (2000) New and earlier records of ticks (Acari: Ixodidae, Argasidae) from GuineaBissau. Journal of Medical Entomology, 37, 973 - 976. https: // doi. org / 10.1603 / 0022 - 2585 - 37.6.973" type="journal article" year="2000">
Terenius 
<emphasis id="B94B07520F06C706BF0888E1B039FC21" box="[1312,1367,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">et al.</emphasis>
2000
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F06C706BABF88C5B470FBDD" author="Morel, P. C." box="[151,286,1015,1041]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" refId="ref232231" refString="Morel, P. C. (2003) Les tiques d'Afrique et du Bassin mediterraneen (1965 - 1995). CIRAD-EMVT, 1342 pp." type="book" year="2003">Morel 2003</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F06C706BB0088C5B749FBDD" author="Tomassone, L. &amp; Camicas, J. L. &amp; Pagani, P. &amp; Diallo, O. T. &amp; Mennelli, M. &amp; De Meneghi, D." box="[296,551,1015,1041]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="209 - 218" refId="ref259124" refString="Tomassone, L., Camicas, J. L., Pagani, P., Diallo, O. T., Mennelli, M. &amp; De Meneghi, D. (2004) Monthly dynamics of ticks (Acari: Ixodida) infesting N'Dama cattle in the Republic of Guinea. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 32, 209 - 218. https: // doi. org / 10.1023 / B: APPA. 0000021771.34520. ab" type="journal article" year="2004">
Tomassone 
<emphasis id="B94B07520F06C706BB8588C5B488FBDD" box="[429,486,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">et al.</emphasis>
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, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F06C706B81988C5B6E6FBDD" author="Apanaskevich, D. A. &amp; Horak, I. G." box="[561,904,1015,1041]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="115 - 136" refId="ref170585" refString="Apanaskevich, D. A. &amp; Horak, I. G. (2008 a) The genus Hyalomma. VI. Systematics of H. (Euhyalomma) truncatum and the closely related species, H. (E.) albiparmatum and H. (E.) nitidum (Acari: Ixodidae). Experimental and Applied Acarology, 44, 115 - 136. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10493 - 008 - 9136 - z" type="journal article" year="2008">
Apanaskevich &amp; Horak 2008 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F06C706B95488C5B6E6FBDD" author="Apanaskevich, D. A. &amp; Schuster, A. L. &amp; Horak, I. G." box="[892,904,1015,1041]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="817 - 831" refId="ref171489" refString="Apanaskevich, D. A., Schuster, A. L. &amp; Horak, I. G. (2008 b) The genus Hyalomma: VII. Redescription of all parasitic stages of H. (Euhyalomma) dromedarii and H. (E.) schulzei (Acari: Ixodidae). Journal of Medical Entomology, 45, 817 - 831. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jmedent / 45.5.817" type="journal article" year="2008">a</bibRefCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
, Sylla 
<emphasis id="B94B07520F06C706B9FC88C5B163FBDD" box="[980,1037,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">et al.</emphasis>
2008, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F06C706BE7288C5B196FBDD" author="Kolonin, G. V." box="[1114,1272,1015,1041]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" refId="ref221361" refString="Kolonin, G. V. (2009) Fauna of ixodid ticks of the world. https: // archive. is / CtZk. Last accessed February 11, 2022." type="url" year="2009">Kolonin 2009</bibRefCitation>
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Lorusso 
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Uilenberg 
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Diarra 
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Horak 
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2018
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Balinandi 
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, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F06C706BABF8F0DB401FB95" author="Olivieri, E. &amp; Kariuki, E. &amp; Floriano, A. M. &amp; Castelli, M. &amp; Tafesse, Y. M. &amp; Magoga, G. &amp; Kumsa, B. &amp; Montagna, B. &amp; Sassera, D." box="[151,367,1087,1113]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="427 - 448" refId="ref239145" refString="Olivieri, E., Kariuki, E., Floriano, A. M., Castelli, M., Tafesse, Y. M., Magoga, G., Kumsa, B., Montagna, B. &amp; Sassera, D. (2021) Multi-country investigation of the diversity and associated microorganisms isolated from tick species from domestic animals, wildlife and vegetation in selected African countries. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 83, 427 - 448. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10493 - 021 - 00598 - 3" type="journal article" year="2021">
Olivieri 
<emphasis id="B94B07520F06C706BADD8F0DB440FB95" box="[245,302,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">et al.</emphasis>
2021
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, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F06C706BB528F0DB734FB95" author="Shekede, M. D. &amp; Chikerema, S. M. &amp; Spargo, M. &amp; Gwitira, I. &amp; Kusangaya, S. &amp; Mazhindu, A. N. &amp; Ndhlovu, D. N." box="[378,602,1087,1113]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="1 - 9" refId="ref253925" refString="Shekede, M. D., Chikerema, S. M., Spargo, M., Gwitira, I., Kusangaya, S., Mazhindu, A. N. &amp; Ndhlovu, D. N. (2021) Spatial clustering of fourteen tick species across districts of Zimbabwe. BMC Veterinary Research, 17 (article 91), 1 - 9. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 12917 - 021 - 02792 - 2" type="journal article" year="2021">
Shekede 
<emphasis id="B94B07520F06C706BBC88F0DB776FB95" box="[480,536,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">et al.</emphasis>
2021
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, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F06C706B84D8F0DB660FB95" author="Sili, G. &amp; Byaruhanga, C. &amp; Horak, I. &amp; Steyn, H. &amp; Chaisi, M. &amp; Oosthuizen, M. C. &amp; Neves, L." box="[613,782,1087,1113]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="1097 - 1102" refId="ref254450" refString="Sili, G., Byaruhanga, C., Horak, I., Steyn, H., Chaisi, M., Oosthuizen, M. C. &amp; Neves, L. (2021) Ticks and tick-borne pathogens infecting livestock and dogs in Tchicala-Tcholoanga, Huambo Province, Angola. Parasitology Research, 120, 1097 - 1102. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00436 - 020 - 07009 - 3" type="journal article" year="2021">
Sili 
<emphasis id="B94B07520F06C706B8BB8F0DB7A5FB95" box="[659,715,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">et al.</emphasis>
2021
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).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F06C706BAEF8F51B75DF99D" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F06C706BAEF8F51B0E2FB24" blockId="109.[151,1437,762,1617]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F06C706BAEF8F51B741FBB1" author="Apanaskevich, D. A. &amp; Horak, I. G." box="[199,559,1123,1149]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="115 - 136" refId="ref170585" refString="Apanaskevich, D. A. &amp; Horak, I. G. (2008 a) The genus Hyalomma. VI. Systematics of H. (Euhyalomma) truncatum and the closely related species, H. (E.) albiparmatum and H. (E.) nitidum (Acari: Ixodidae). Experimental and Applied Acarology, 44, 115 - 136. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10493 - 008 - 9136 - z" type="journal article" year="2008">Apanaskevich &amp; Horak (2008a)</bibRefCitation>
emphasized the difficulties involved in morphologically separating adults of 
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F06C706BABF8FB5B4C2FB6D" authorityName="Schulze" authorityYear="1920" box="[151,428,1159,1185]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albiparmatum">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F06C706BABF8FB5B4C2FB6D" box="[151,428,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Hyalomma albiparmatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F06C706BB938FB5B7E4FB6D" authorityName="Schulze" authorityYear="1920" box="[443,650,1159,1185]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitidum">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F06C706BB938FB5B7E4FB6D" box="[443,650,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Hyalomma nitidum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F06C706B8EB8FB5B6C3FB6C" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[707,941,1159,1185]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncatum">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F06C706B8EB8FB5B6C3FB6C" box="[707,941,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Hyalomma truncatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, adding that it is not possible to differentiate their larvae and nymphs. There are several synonyms of 
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F06C706B93B8F99B691FB08" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[787,1023,1195,1221]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncatum">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F06C706B93B8F99B691FB08" box="[787,1023,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Hyalomma truncatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F06C706BE398F99B00AFB09" author="Apanaskevich, D. A. &amp; Horak, I. G." box="[1041,1380,1195,1221]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="115 - 136" refId="ref170585" refString="Apanaskevich, D. A. &amp; Horak, I. G. (2008 a) The genus Hyalomma. VI. Systematics of H. (Euhyalomma) truncatum and the closely related species, H. (E.) albiparmatum and H. (E.) nitidum (Acari: Ixodidae). Experimental and Applied Acarology, 44, 115 - 136. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10493 - 008 - 9136 - z" type="journal article" year="2008">Apanaskevich &amp; Horak 2008a</bibRefCitation>
), but 
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F06C706BABF8FFDB483FB24" authorityName="Schulze &amp; Schlottke" authorityYear="1930" box="[151,493,1231,1257]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="impressum" subSpecies="transiens">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F06C706BABF8FFDB483FB24" box="[151,493,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Hyalomma impressum transiens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F06C706B8098FFDB790FB24" box="[545,766,1231,1257]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="transiens">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F06C706B8098FFDB790FB24" box="[545,766,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Hyalomma transiens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been extensively used instead of 
<emphasis id="B94B07520F06C706BEB48FFDB0E2FB24" box="[1180,1420,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F06C706BEB48FFDB0E6FB24" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[1180,1416,1231,1257]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncatum">Hyalomma truncatum</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F06C706BAEF8FC1B717FA29" blockId="109.[151,1437,762,1617]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F06C706BAEF8FC1B4AEFAC0" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[199,448,1267,1293]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncatum">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F06C706BAEF8FC1B4AEFAC0" box="[199,448,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Hyalomma truncatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was found in 
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F06C706B8458FC1B79EFAC1" box="[621,752,1267,1293]" name="Bangladesh" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Bangladesh</collectingCountry>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F06C706B9088FC1B139FAC1" author="Rahman, M. H. &amp; Mondal, M. M. H." box="[800,1111,1266,1293]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="145 - 149" refId="ref244938" refString="Rahman, M. H. &amp; Mondal, M. M. H. (1985) Tick fauna of Bangladesh. Indian Journal of Parasitology, 9, 145 - 149." type="journal article" year="1985">Rahman &amp; Mondal (1985)</bibRefCitation>
, who believed that this tick was introduced with imported domestic animals but is not established in that country. There are several records of 
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F06C706BA9E8E09B4C2FA98" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[182,428,1339,1365]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncatum">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F06C706BA9E8E09B4C2FA98" box="[182,428,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Hyalomma truncatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F06C706BBDA8E09B756FA99" box="[498,568,1339,1365]" name="Egypt" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Egypt</collectingCountry>
, including 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F06C706B89D8E09B6E8FA99" author="Okely, M. &amp; Anan, R. &amp; Gad-Allah, S. &amp; Samy, A. M." box="[693,902,1339,1365]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="333 - 351" refId="ref238376" refString="Okely, M., Anan, R., Gad-Allah, S. &amp; Samy, A. M. (2021) Hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) infesting domestic animals in Egypt: diagnostic characters and a taxonomic key to the collected species. Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 35, 333 - 351. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / mve. 12502" type="journal article" year="2021">
Okely 
<emphasis id="B94B07520F06C706B9298E09B654FA99" box="[769,826,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">et al.</emphasis>
(2021
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F06C706B9B98E09B6A3FA99" author="Okely, M. &amp; Chen, Z. &amp; Anan, R. &amp; Gad-Allah, S." box="[913,973,1339,1365]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="811 - 838" refId="ref238447" refString="Okely, M., Chen, Z., Anan, R. &amp; Gad-Allah, S. (2022) Updated checklist of the hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of Egypt, with notes of livestock host and tick-borne pathogens. Systematic &amp; Applied Acarology, 27, 811 - 838. https: // doi. org / 10.11158 / saa. 27.5.1" type="journal article" year="2022">2022</bibRefCitation>
), who treated this tick as endemic in that country, although 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F06C706BB4A8E6DB7A4FAB5" author="Apanaskevich, D. A. &amp; Horak, I. G." box="[354,714,1375,1401]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="115 - 136" refId="ref170585" refString="Apanaskevich, D. A. &amp; Horak, I. G. (2008 a) The genus Hyalomma. VI. Systematics of H. (Euhyalomma) truncatum and the closely related species, H. (E.) albiparmatum and H. (E.) nitidum (Acari: Ixodidae). Experimental and Applied Acarology, 44, 115 - 136. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10493 - 008 - 9136 - z" type="journal article" year="2008">Apanaskevich &amp; Horak (2008a)</bibRefCitation>
maintained that Egyptian specimens are mostly introduced, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F06C706BABF8EB1B4E5FA50" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[151,395,1411,1437]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncatum">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F06C706BABF8EB1B4E5FA50" box="[151,395,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Hyalomma truncatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is provisionally treated here as an Afrotropical species established south of the Sahara Desert. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F06C706BABF8E95B4EEFA0D" author="Farooqi, S. H. &amp; Ijaz, M. &amp; Saleem, M. H. &amp; Rashid, M. I. &amp; Oneeb, M. &amp; Khan, A. &amp; Aqib A. I. &amp; Mahmood, S." box="[151,384,1447,1473]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="2011 - 2017" refId="ref193710" refString="Farooqi, S. H., Ijaz, M., Saleem, M. H., Rashid, M. I., Oneeb, M., Khan, A., Aqib A. I. &amp; Mahmood, S. (2017) Distribution of ixodid tick species and associated risk factors in temporal zones of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan. Pakistan Zoological Journal, 49, 2011 - 2017. https: // doi. org / 10.17582 / journal. pjz / 2017.49.6.2011.2017" type="journal article" year="2017">
Farooqi 
<emphasis id="B94B07520F06C706BADD8E95B443FA0D" box="[245,301,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">et al.</emphasis>
(2017)
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F06C706BBA28E95B725FA0D" author="Adil, M. M. &amp; Parveen, A. &amp; Asif, M. &amp; Farooq, M. &amp; Iqbal, F." box="[394,587,1447,1473]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="633 - 637" refId="ref167117" refString="Adil, M. M., Parveen, A., Asif, M., Farooq, M. &amp; Iqbal, F. (2021) Prevalence and identification of tick species on large ruminants from district Rajanpur in Punjab Pakistan, International Journal of Acarology, 47, 633 - 637. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 01647954.2021.1976832" type="journal article" year="2021">
Adil 
<emphasis id="B94B07520F06C706BBEA8E95B494FA0D" box="[450,506,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">et al.</emphasis>
(2021)
</bibRefCitation>
and other authors allegedly found this tick in 
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F06C706BE628E95B1C2FA0D" box="[1098,1196,1447,1473]" name="Pakistan" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
, but these records are treated here as probable misidentifications.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F06C706BAEF8EDDB75DF99D" blockId="109.[151,1437,762,1617]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F06C706BAEF8EDDB4CEF9C5" author="Sands, A. F. &amp; Apanaskevich, D. A. &amp; Matthee, S. &amp; Horak, I. G. &amp; Matthee, C." box="[199,416,1519,1545]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="1124 - 1136" refId="ref250136" refString="Sands, A. F., Apanaskevich, D. A., Matthee, S., Horak, I. G. &amp; Matthee, C. (2017 a) The effect of host vicariance and parasite life history on the dispersal of the multi-host ectoparasite, Hyalomma truncatum. Journal of Biogeography, 44, 1124 - 1136. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jbi. 12948" type="journal article" year="2017">
Sands 
<emphasis id="B94B07520F06C706BB398EDDB427F9C5" box="[273,329,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">et al.</emphasis>
(2017a
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, b) presented molecular evidence indicating that more than one species may exist under the name 
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F06C706BAF38D21B4BFF9E0" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[219,465,1555,1581]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncatum">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F06C706BAF38D21B4BFF9E0" box="[219,465,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Hyalomma truncatum</emphasis>
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, but 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F06C706B8238D21B787F9E1" author="Schulz, A. &amp; Karger, A. &amp; Eisenbarth, A. &amp; Sas, M. A. &amp; Silaghi, C. &amp; Groschup, M. H." box="[523,745,1555,1581]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="1 - 9" refId="ref252205" refString="Schulz, A., Karger, A., Eisenbarth, A., Sas, M. A., Silaghi, C. &amp; Groschup, M. H. (2020) Molecular discrimination of Hyalomma tick species serving as reservoirs and vectors for Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in sub-Saharan Africa. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 11 (3) (article 101382), 1 - 9. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ttbdis. 2020.101382" type="journal article" year="2020">
Schulz 
<emphasis id="B94B07520F06C706B8768D21B7F9F9E1" box="[606,663,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">et al.</emphasis>
(2020)
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discount this, arguing that the former authors’ data are insufficient to sustain such an hypothesis.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>