135 lines
15 KiB
XML
135 lines
15 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="95F7048BE5D96B2A2115F337EDD4FF86">The taxonomy of Indian gorgonians: an assessment of the descriptive records of gorgonians (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) recorded as occurring in the territorial waters of India, along with neighbouring regions and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and the highlighting of perceived unethical practice</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C50E82895DC31A25B675315C5FEB40BD">Ramvilas, Ghosh</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="DAF0ACE93AC471C898FBCC23B94F0B88" type="email">ramvilas@kufos.ac.in</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="BE98EE333649F663B041799AA1496E69">Alderslade, Philip</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2915679524E3D9F41EAD94BE6F5D1DCE">Ranjeet, Kutty</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="2AF5CD862E910F31B2BCB228FBB0F36F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="B41BB6CC0339EEDC6E921322ACD08A00">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="87F310689B09737B06E739DE24FABFB6">5236</mods:number>
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<treatment id="0388B6417B26FF9DFF56F9BCFEDBFF36" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7639467" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209291247" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7639467" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0388B6417B26FF9DFF56F9BCFEDBFF36" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0388B6417B26FF9DFF56F9BCFEDBFF36" lastPageId="49" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B26FF9CFF56F9BCFDEFF9AF" box="[151,529,1605,1632]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B26FF9CFF56F9BCFDEFF9AF" blockId="48.[151,529,1605,1632]" box="[151,529,1605,1632]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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<heading id="D0D6B03B7B26FF9CFF56F9BCFDEFF9AF" bold="true" box="[151,529,1605,1632]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B26FF9CFF56F9BCFDEFF9AF" ID-CoL="68FP7" ID-ENA="991073" authority="Thomson, 1905" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1905" box="[151,529,1605,1632]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Bebryce" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="indica">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B26FF9CFF56F9BCFDEFF9AF" bold="true" box="[151,529,1605,1632]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B26FF9CFF56F9BCFEB5F9AF" bold="true" box="[151,331,1605,1632]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Bebryce indica</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B26FF9CFE93F9BFFDEFF9AF" author="Thomson, J. A." box="[338,529,1606,1632]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="167 - 186" refId="ref108270" refString="Thomson, J. A. (1905) Appendix to the report on the Alcyonaria collected by Professor Herdman, at Ceylon, in 1902. In: Herdman, W. A. (Ed.), Report to the Government of Ceylon on the Pearl Oyster Fisheries of the Gulf of Manaar, Part 4 (Supplementary Report), pp. 167 - 186, 1 pl." type="journal article" year="1905">Thomson, 1905</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B26FF9CFF56F973FD59F925" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B26FF9CFF56F973FAC1F96D" blockId="48.[151,1343,1674,1699]" box="[151,1343,1674,1699]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8021467B26FF9CFF56F973FDC3F96D" author="Thomson, J. A." box="[151,573,1674,1698]" page="177" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" year="1905">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B26FF9CFF56F973FDC3F96D" ID-CoL="68FP7" authority="Thomson, 1905: 175 - 177" authorityName="Thomson" authorityPageNumber="175 - 177" authorityYear="1905" box="[151,573,1674,1698]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Bebryce" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="indica">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B26FF9CFF56F973FECEF96D" box="[151,304,1674,1698]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Bebryce indica</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B26FF9CFEF7F973FDC3F96D" author="Thomson, J. A." box="[310,573,1674,1698]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="167 - 186" refId="ref108270" refString="Thomson, J. A. (1905) Appendix to the report on the Alcyonaria collected by Professor Herdman, at Ceylon, in 1902. In: Herdman, W. A. (Ed.), Report to the Government of Ceylon on the Pearl Oyster Fisheries of the Gulf of Manaar, Part 4 (Supplementary Report), pp. 167 - 186, 1 pl." type="journal article" year="1905">Thomson, 1905: 175–177</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, pl. fig. 3 (
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<collectingRegion id="49E5C9B57B26FF9CFD6BF973FD24F96D" box="[682,730,1674,1698]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Gulf" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Gulf</collectingRegion>
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of Mannar);
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8021467B26FF9CFCA0F972FB42F96D" author="Bayer, F. M. & Ofwegen, L. V." box="[865,1212,1674,1699]" page="331" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" year="2016">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B26FF9CFCA0F972FB42F96D" author="Bayer, F. M. & Ofwegen, L. V." box="[865,1212,1674,1699]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="301 - 358" refId="ref99006" refString="Bayer, F. M. & Ofwegen, L. V. (2016) The type specimens of Bebryce (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Plexauridae) re-examined, with emphasis on the sclerites. Zootaxa, 4083 (3), 301 - 358. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4083.3.1" type="journal article" year="2016">Bayer & Ofwegen 2016: 331–334</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, figs. 19–20.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B26FF9CFF56F929FD59F925" blockId="48.[151,679,1744,1771]" box="[151,679,1744,1771]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Opinion: This species does occur in the region.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B26FF9DFF56F8E1FEDBFF36" lastPageId="49" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B26FF9CFF56F8E1FED7F8FD" blockId="48.[151,1436,1816,1915]" box="[151,297,1816,1842]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Justification:</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B26FF9CFF06F8C5FC25F8B5" blockId="48.[151,1436,1816,1915]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B26FF9CFF06F8C5FC49F899" box="[199,951,1852,1878]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">These Indian records seem to be either invalid or unconfirmable</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B26FF9CFC0BF8C5FB2EF898" author="Fernando, S. A." box="[970,1232,1852,1879]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" refId="ref100707" refString="Fernando, S. A. (2011) Monograph on Gorgonids (Sea fans) of India. Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Parangipettai, 145 pp." type="book" year="2011">Fernando 2011: 41–42</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 18, fig. 1–
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<quantity id="4CD9AAB27B26FF9CFA40F8C4FA62F898" box="[1409,1436,1853,1879]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.0" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="g" value="1.0">1g</quantity>
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(Cuddalore);
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B26FF9CFEECF899FDBCF8B4" author="Fernando, S. & Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C." box="[301,578,1888,1915]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" refId="ref100744" refString="Fernando, S. A, Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C. (2017) Gorgonians of Indian sea. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 330 pp. Available from: https: // www. nhbs. com / (accessed 21 March 2022)" type="book" year="2017">
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Fernando
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B26FF9CFE5FF898FE31F8B5" box="[414,463,1888,1914]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">et al</emphasis>
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. 2017: 83
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</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 36, fig 1–
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<quantity id="4CD9AAB27B26FF9CFD1EF898FD07F8B4" box="[735,761,1889,1915]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.0" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="g" value="1.0">1g</quantity>
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(SE coast of
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<collectingCountry id="F33647C77B26FF9CFC50F899FC31F8B5" box="[913,975,1888,1914]" name="India" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">India</collectingCountry>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B26FF9DFF06F850FEDBFF36" blockId="48.[151,1437,1960,2023]" lastBlockId="49.[151,1437,151,249]" lastPageId="49" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B26FF9CFF06F850FE67F80D" box="[199,409,1960,1986]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Literature analysis</emphasis>
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: This species was originally described from off
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<collectingRegion id="49E5C9B57B26FF9CFC68F851FC34F80D" box="[937,970,1960,1986]" country="United Kingdom" name="Surrey" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Sri</collectingRegion>
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Lankan waters but would be very difficult to recognise from that account as shown by the detailed redescription the
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<typeStatus id="549AB9F57B26FF9CFC01F835FBDCF829" box="[960,1058,1996,2022]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B26FF9CFB88F834FA96F829" author="Bayer, F. M. & Ofwegen, L. V." box="[1097,1384,1996,2023]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="301 - 358" refId="ref99006" refString="Bayer, F. M. & Ofwegen, L. V. (2016) The type specimens of Bebryce (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Plexauridae) re-examined, with emphasis on the sclerites. Zootaxa, 4083 (3), 301 - 358. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4083.3.1" type="journal article" year="2016">Bayer & Ofwegen (2016)</bibRefCitation>
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. The descriptions of the Indian material by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B27FF9DFD84FF6EFCFFFF7E" author="Fernando, S. A." box="[581,769,151,177]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refId="ref100707" refString="Fernando, S. A. (2011) Monograph on Gorgonids (Sea fans) of India. Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Parangipettai, 145 pp." type="book" year="2011">Fernando (2011)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B27FF9DFCF9FF6EFBCBFF7E" author="Fernando, S. & Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C." box="[824,1077,151,177]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refId="ref100744" refString="Fernando, S. A, Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C. (2017) Gorgonians of Indian sea. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 330 pp. Available from: https: // www. nhbs. com / (accessed 21 March 2022)" type="book" year="2017">
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Fernando
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B27FF9DFC6BFF6EFC22FF7E" box="[938,988,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">et al</emphasis>
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. (2017)
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
are identical, and a comparison with the
|
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<typeStatus id="549AB9F57B27FF9DFF3DFF42FEA0FF1A" box="[252,350,187,213]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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redescription shows that their material is similar but not conspecific and appears to represent a new species.
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</paragraph>
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</treatment>
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