190 lines
20 KiB
XML
190 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0e5e47a0-f8f3-4039-b0e1-c159fef0b9f6" ID-PMC="PMC4714384" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-544-1" ID-PubMed="26798289" ID-ZBK="C5978BD0145B40F8ACDEB27371B7B9A4" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1313-2970-544-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 544" ModsDocTitle="The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation" checkinTime="1451243640953" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Liebherr, James K." docDate="2015" docId="8FE2FBA987E64C9453987AB5A4F0D933" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 544: 1-407" docOrigin="ZooKeys 544" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074" docTitle="Mecyclothorax insolitus" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="253" masterDocId="FF92FFC2FF9FFFC7191EFFB8FF91AF5D" masterDocTitle="The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation" masterLastPageNumber="407" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="251" updateTime="1668162300918" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Liebherr, James K.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>544</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>407</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-544-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">C5978BD0145B40F8ACDEB27371B7B9A4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">C5978BD0145B40F8ACDEB27371B7B9A4</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127853585" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8FE2FBA987E64C9453987AB5A4F0D933" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8FE2FBA987E64C9453987AB5A4F0D933" lastPageId="252" lastPageNumber="253" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">
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<subSubSection pageId="250" pageNumber="251" type="multiple">
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<paragraph pageId="250" pageNumber="251">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="250" pageNumber="251" start="start">Taxon</pageBreakToken>
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classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="250" pageNumber="251" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="250" pageNumber="251">
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(101)
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<taxonomicName authority="Sharp" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax insolitus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="250" pageNumber="251" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insolitus">Mecyclothorax insolitus (Sharp)</taxonomicName>
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Figs 133B, 134
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<normalizedToken originalValue="B–K">B-K</normalizedToken>
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, 135, 136A, 137A
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="251" pageNumber="252" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="251" pageNumber="252">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Thriscothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thriscothorax insolitus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insolitus">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="251" pageNumber="252" start="start">Thriscothorax</pageBreakToken>
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insolitus
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</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Sharp, D" editor="Sharp, D" journalOrPublisher="The University Press, Cambridge" pageId="310" pageNumber="311" pagination="175 - 292" title="Coleoptera II. Caraboidea." volumeTitle="Fauna Hawaiiensis" year="1903">Sharp 1903</bibRefCitation>
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: 261.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="251" pageNumber="252">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax insolitus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insolitus">Mecyclothorax insolitus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Britton, EB" journalOrPublisher="Bishop Museum" pageId="307" pageNumber="308" pagination="107 - 166" title="A revision of the Hawaiian species of Mecyclothorax (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Occasional Papers of the Bernice P." volume="19" year="1948 b">Britton 1948b</bibRefCitation>
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: 141.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="251" pageNumber="252" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="251" pageNumber="252">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="251" pageNumber="252">
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This species (Fig. 133B) and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax invisitatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="invisitatus">Mecyclothorax invisitatus</taxonomicName>
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(Fig. 133C) comprise a cryptic sibling species pair that can be best diagnosed externally by the breadth of elytra relative to the pronotum. In this species the elytra are broader, subovoid, with MEW/MPW = 1.63-1.69, whereas in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax invisitatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="invisitatus">Mecyclothorax invisitatus</taxonomicName>
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recorded values are 1.52-1.62. The pronotal disc bears obsolete transverse-mesh and transverse-line microsculpture in this species, whereas the disc surface is glossy in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax invisitatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="invisitatus">Mecyclothorax invisitatus</taxonomicName>
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. As there are no other reliable external characters that can separate these species, their recognition lies heavily on the differing configurations of the male aedeagal median lobe. Males of this species exhibit a median lobe with the apex expanded both dorsally and ventrally, and more flattened apically (Fig. 134
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<normalizedToken originalValue="F–K">F-K</normalizedToken>
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). The apex may be displaced dorsoventrally relative to the more basal portion of the shaft giving it a "prehensile proboscis" appearance. Conversely, the median lobe of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax invisitatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="invisitatus">Mecyclothorax invisitatus</taxonomicName>
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males is expanded only dorsally into a "crochet hook" apex, with the apical margin evenly rounded; a conformation also observed in males of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax reiteratus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reiteratus">Mecyclothorax reiteratus</taxonomicName>
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(Fig. 107). In the specimens available, the elytral apex is less broadly flavous in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax insolitus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insolitus">Mecyclothorax insolitus</taxonomicName>
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(Fig. 133B) compared to
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax invisitatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="invisitatus">Mecyclothorax invisitatus</taxonomicName>
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(Fig. 133C), but the diagnostic value of this feature should be confirmed through examination of the male median lobe apex. Setal formula 2 1 2 0. Standardized body length 4.2-5.1 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="251" pageNumber="252" type="identification">
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<paragraph pageId="251" pageNumber="252">Identification</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="251" pageNumber="252">
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(n = 5). [Only non-diagnostic values for the various recorded ratios are presented for this species, as the qualitative attributes not in the above diagnosis are presented under
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax invisitatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="invisitatus">Mecyclothorax invisitatus</taxonomicName>
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.] Eyes moderately convex, ocular lobe protruded obtusely from gena; ocular ratio = 1.52-1.56, ocular lobe ratio = 0.82-0.84. Pronotum moderately transverse, MPW/PL = 1.17-1.24, pronotal apical width variably subequal to basal width, APW/BPW = 0.92-1.07. Elytra broadly subovoid, MEW/HuW = 2.33-2.51.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="251" pageNumber="252">
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Male genitalia (n = 13). Aedeagal median lobe gracile, distance from parameral articulation to tip 4.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–4.3×">-4.3x</normalizedToken>
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depth at midlength (Fig. 134B, D,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="F–G">F-G</normalizedToken>
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, I, K); median lobe apex variable, a very short knoblike tip (Fig. 134B, D), a more hooklike tip that includes a dorsal tooth (Fig. 134G, I, K), or a dorsoventrally expanded tip intermediate to those two configurations (Fig. 134F) (in all conformations the ventral margin is expanded at the tip); median lobe curved approximately 60° rightward apically in ventral view (Fig. 134C, E, J), the terminal knob or hook defining different profiles of the tip; internal sac with dorsal ostial microtrichial patch composed of stout macrospicules on right side (Fig. 134F, H), and ventral ostial microtrichial patch on left-ventral side (Fig. 134H), the sac otherwise covered with indistinct spicules; flagellar plate elongate, length 0.50
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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parameral articulation-tip distance. That the variation in tip configuration is infraspecific is attested to, in part, by sympatry of males exhibiting the knob configuration (Fig. 134D) and the dorsoventrally expanded tip (Fig. 134F) at Kula Pipeline Rd. near Waikamoi Gulch. The hooked aedeagal tip is observed in the eastern portion of the range, from
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Ko‘olau">Ko'olau</normalizedToken>
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Gap/
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Ke‘anae">Ke'anae</normalizedToken>
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Valley to Kuhiwa Valley, however it varies from exhibiting a straight ventral margin (Fig. 134G, I), to an angled margin (Fig. 134K). Similarly, the knob configuration varies within the Waikamoi sites (Fig. 134B, D, H). This instability in the aedeagal median lobe apex configuration within sites is coupled with lack of any diagnosable differences in external characters, aedeagal curvature (Fig. 134C, E, J), or spiculation of the internal sac (Fig. 134F, H) for specimens assigned to this species. This combination of observations supports circumscription of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax insolitus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insolitus">Mecyclothorax insolitus</taxonomicName>
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as a species that exhibits variability in the configuration of the aedeagal median lobe apex.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="251" pageNumber="252">
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Female reproductive tract (n = 1). Bursa copulatrix cylindrical, with skirted basal constriction, smooth middle portion, and thinly wrinkled apex, length 1.08 mm, apical width 0.51 mm, skirted basal constriction 0.26 mm broad (Fig. 136A); bursal walls translucent, base and middle portion stained more intensely, thicker; gonocoxite 1 with 3 apical fringe setae, a curved seta at medioapical angle and 5-6 smaller setae on medial surface (Fig. 137A); gonocoxite 2 subacuminate with elongate, curved basal extension, 2 lateral ensiform setae, apical nematiform setae on medioventral surface at 0.70
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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gonocoxite length.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="251" pageNumber="252">
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<paragraph pageId="251" pageNumber="252">
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Figure 136. Female bursa copulatrix and associated reproductive structures,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax ducalis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ducalis">Mecyclothorax ducalis</taxonomicName>
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group species, ventral view (for abbreviations see Table 2, p. 23). A
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax insolitus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insolitus">Mecyclothorax insolitus</taxonomicName>
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(Waikamoi, 1305 m) B
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax invisitatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="invisitatus">Mecyclothorax invisitatus</taxonomicName>
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(Opana, 1265 m) C
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax ducalis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ducalis">Mecyclothorax ducalis</taxonomicName>
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(Olinda, 1210 m) D
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax longidux" order="Coleoptera" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longidux">Mecyclothorax longidux</taxonomicName>
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(
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Ke‘anae">Ke'anae</normalizedToken>
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, 1325 m) E
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax brevidux" order="Coleoptera" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevidux">Mecyclothorax brevidux</taxonomicName>
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(Kīpahulu, 2045 m). Scale bar = 0.50 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="251" pageNumber="252">
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<paragraph pageId="251" pageNumber="252">
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Figure 137. Left female gonocoxa,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax ducalis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ducalis">Mecyclothorax ducalis</taxonomicName>
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group species, ventral view. A
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax insolitus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insolitus">Mecyclothorax insolitus</taxonomicName>
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(Waikamoi, 1305 m) B
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax invisitatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="invisitatus">Mecyclothorax invisitatus</taxonomicName>
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(Opana, 1265 m) C
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax ducalis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ducalis">Mecyclothorax ducalis</taxonomicName>
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(Olinda, 1210 m) D
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax longidux" order="Coleoptera" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longidux">Mecyclothorax longidux</taxonomicName>
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(
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Ke‘anae">Ke'anae</normalizedToken>
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, 1325 m) E
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax brevidux" order="Coleoptera" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevidux">Mecyclothorax brevidux</taxonomicName>
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(Kīpahulu, 2045 m).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="251" pageNumber="252" type="holotype">
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<paragraph pageId="251" pageNumber="252">Holotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="251" pageNumber="252">
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Female (BMNH) labeled:
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Thriscothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thriscothorax insolitus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insolitus">Thriscothorax insolitus</taxonomicName>
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Type D.S. Haleakala Perkins 845 // Type // Hawaiian Is. Perkins 1904-336. // HOLOTYPE
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Thriscothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thriscothorax insolitus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insolitus">Thriscothorax insolitus</taxonomicName>
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Sharp J.K. Liebherr 1998 (black-margined red label).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="252" pageNumber="253" type="distribution and habitat">
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<paragraph pageId="252" pageNumber="253">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="252" pageNumber="253" start="start">Distribution</pageBreakToken>
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and habitat.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="252" pageNumber="253">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax insolitus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="252" pageNumber="253" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insolitus">Mecyclothorax insolitus</taxonomicName>
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is distributed across windward
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Haleakalā">Haleakala</normalizedToken>
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from the Waikamoi area east to Kuhiwa Valley (Fig. 135). The species is known from low to moderate elevations; 880-1470 m. It has been collected in association with
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<taxonomicName lsidName="koa" pageId="252" pageNumber="253" rank="species" species="koa">koa</taxonomicName>
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,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="‘ōhi‘a">'ōhi'a</normalizedToken>
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, and
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<taxonomicName class="Polypodiopsida" family="Cibotiaceae" genus="Cibotium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cibotium" order="Cyatheales" pageId="252" pageNumber="253" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Cibotium</taxonomicName>
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(
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<normalizedToken originalValue="hāpu‘u">hapu'u</normalizedToken>
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), though it has been also collected in leaf litter siftate, from a steep streambank, and under boards in
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<normalizedToken originalValue="‘Ōhi‘a">'Ōhi'a</normalizedToken>
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Wet Forest along Waikamoi Flume, 1310 m elevation.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |