146 lines
16 KiB
XML
146 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document id="D8BD9D39ED6884C9873C221D529C18F1" ID-CLB-Dataset="32643" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4294.3.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="63581fbe-8a77-429f-91d1-54b2f5040a36" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="832558" ID-ZooBank="00F6974B-2074-4BA4-99A6-B80937D16865" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1500543300940" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mound, Laurence & O’Donnell, Cheryle" docDate="2017" docId="2620F071FFA5AC1AFF0AFAD3FADF459B" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4294.3.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4294 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Leptothrips heliomanes Hood 1927" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="307" masterDocId="DA198809FFA3AC1CFF9DFFA9FFE84257" masterDocTitle="Predation, phytophagy and character state confusion among North American species of the genus Leptothrips (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripinae)" masterLastPageNumber="315" masterPageNumber="301" pageNumber="307" updateTime="1698465821032" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="87A07BADC8473A7485A87F4DFB3EFBA1">
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<mods:title id="D005B37032F5AB193A31698377405D7E">Predation, phytophagy and character state confusion among North American species of the genus Leptothrips (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9239E868B6AB3D4EC290BF41CE659CE9">Mound, Laurence</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E7D3D215066FBB3CCAB664DE36B34600">O’Donnell, Cheryle</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="4995F341277DA8FD8163096DCFA17153">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="52A81F0D01465645522BCE43E76DC0AD">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="06E4F26C64345EE378212835BE3D59D9">
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<mods:date id="1DF10BCE58F10D6E1C6133DDF62CF583">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="0C740F50918A87C9CF3258F1891B9712">4294</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="9821BE01DEF3C1512011FD109EE92E08" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4294.3.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="2620F071FFA5AC1AFF0AFAD3FADF459B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6040338" ID-GBIF-Taxon="132550563" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6040338" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2620F071FFA5AC1AFF0AFAD3FADF459B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2620F071FFA5AC1AFF0AFAD3FADF459B" lastPageNumber="307" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">
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<subSubSection id="E69312ECFFA5AC1AFF0AFAD3FE1647C2" box="[151,510,1402,1429]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="AE364167FFA5AC1AFF0AFAD3FE1647C2" blockId="6.[151,510,1402,1429]" box="[151,510,1402,1429]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">
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<heading id="F57EF60BFFA5AC1AFF0AFAD3FE1647C2" bold="true" box="[151,510,1402,1429]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="69893AE4FFA5AC1AFF0AFAD3FE1647C2" ID-CoL="3TY8S" authority="Hood" authorityName="Hood" authorityYear="1927" box="[151,510,1402,1429]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Leptothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heliomanes">
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<emphasis id="9CFD9D75FFA5AC1AFF0AFAD3FE1647C2" bold="true" box="[151,510,1402,1429]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">
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<emphasis id="9CFD9D75FFA5AC1AFF0AFAD3FE5B47C3" bold="true" box="[151,435,1402,1428]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Leptothrips heliomanes</emphasis>
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Hood
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E69312ECFFA5AC1AFF0AFA68FADF459B" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="AE364167FFA5AC1AFF0AFA68FDA14780" blockId="6.[151,585,1473,1495]" box="[151,585,1473,1495]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="8E996649FFA5AC1AFF0AFA68FDA14780" box="[151,585,1473,1495]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">
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<taxonomicName id="69893AE4FFA5AC1AFF0AFA68FDAC4780" ID-CoL="3TY8S" authority="Hood, 1927a: 202" authorityName="Hood" authorityPageNumber="202" authorityYear="1927" box="[151,580,1473,1495]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Leptothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heliomanes">
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<emphasis id="9CFD9D75FFA5AC1AFF0AFA68FE6D4780" box="[151,389,1473,1495]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Leptothrips heliomanes</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="2F286776FFA5AC1AFE11FA68FDAC4780" author="Hood" box="[396,580,1473,1495]" page="202" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" year="1927">
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<bibRefCitation id="CA183C96FFA5AC1AFE11FA68FDFA4780" author="Hood" box="[396,530,1473,1495]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" refString="Hood, J. D. (1927 a) New western Thysanoptera. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 40, 197 - 204." type="journal article" year="1927" yearSuffix="a">Hood, 1927a</bibRefCitation>
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: 202
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AE364167FFA5AC1AFF0AF9ADFADF459B" blockId="6.[151,1437,1540,1997]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">
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<materialsCitation id="1EE14B3AFFA5AC1AFF0AF9ADFADF459B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1576193781" collectionCode="ERMR" county="In May" location="Riverside. It" municipality="Big Morongo Canyon" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="California" typeStatus="lectotype">
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Described from an unspecified number of both sexes taken from an unknown plant near Palm Springs,
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<collectingRegion id="6C4D8F85FFA5AC1AFA8CF9ADFA6D444A" box="[1297,1413,1540,1565]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">California</collectingRegion>
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, a
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<typeStatus id="7132FFC5FFA5AC1AFF0AF981FEEF4417" box="[151,263,1576,1600]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
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was designated for this species by
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<bibRefCitation id="CA183C96FFA5AC1AFD39F98EFC924417" author="Pitkin" box="[676,890,1575,1600]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" refString="Pitkin, B. R. (1978) Lectotype designations of certain species of thrips described by J. D. Hood and notes on his collection (Thysanoptera). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 80, 264 - 295." type="journal article" year="1978">Pitkin (1978: 282)</bibRefCitation>
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. The number of major sense cones on antennal segment IV was stated by
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<bibRefCitation id="CA183C96FFA5AC1AFE4FF9E5FD554433" author="Johansen" box="[466,701,1612,1637]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" refString="Johansen, R. M. (1987) El genero Leptothrips Hood, 1909 (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) en el continente Americano: su sistematica, filogenia, biogeografia, biologia, conducta y ecologia. Monografias del Instituto de Biologia. Universidad Nacional de Mexico, 3, 1 - 246." type="journal article" year="1987">Johansen (1987: 78)</bibRefCitation>
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to be three plus a minor one. However, re-examination of the
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<typeStatus id="7132FFC5FFA5AC1AFF0AF9C6FF1644DF" box="[151,254,1647,1672]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
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and seven specimens bearing the same data has confirmed that all of them bear four
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<emphasis id="9CFD9D75FFA5AC1AFB58F9C6FA7444DF" box="[1221,1436,1647,1672]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">sensilla basiconica</emphasis>
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(= major sense cones) on this segment.
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<collectingCounty id="475739EBFFA5AC1AFDF9F93CFD5244FA" box="[612,698,1685,1709]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">In May</collectingCounty>
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, 2015,
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<taxonomicName id="69893AE4FFA5AC1AFC92F93DFC6744FA" ID-CoL="3TY8S" authorityName="Hood" authorityYear="1927" box="[783,911,1684,1709]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Leptothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heliomanes">
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<emphasis id="9CFD9D75FFA5AC1AFC92F93DFC6744FA" box="[783,911,1684,1709]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">heliomanes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was found in large numbers at
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<collectingMunicipality id="4E52DB1DFFA5AC1AFA9FF93DFF194487" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Big Morongo Canyon</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<quantity id="6971EC82FFA5AC1AFE9DF91EFE8C4487" box="[256,356,1719,1744]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.04672" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" unit="mi" value="50.0">50 miles</quantity>
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east of
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<location id="AB5617BCFFA5AC1AFE54F91EFDBF4498" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2620F071FFA5AC1AFF0AFAD3FADF459B:AB5617BCFFA5AC1AFE54F91EFDBF4498" box="[457,599,1719,1744]" county="In May" municipality="Big Morongo Canyon" name="Riverside. It" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" stateProvince="California">Riverside. It</location>
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was breeding on grasses in association with unidentified mites.
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<location id="AB5617BCFFA5AC1AFACFF91EFA754487" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2620F071FFA5AC1AFF0AFAD3FADF459B:AB5617BCFFA5AC1AFACFF91EFA754487" box="[1362,1437,1719,1744]" county="In May" municipality="Big Morongo Canyon" name="Adults" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" stateProvince="California">Adults</location>
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collected at the same site but on the leaves of
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<taxonomicName id="69893AE4FFA5AC1AFD03F974FCE844A3" box="[670,768,1757,1780]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Prosopis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Fabales" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="9CFD9D75FFA5AC1AFD03F974FCE844A3" box="[670,768,1757,1780]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Prosopis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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trees have shorter antennae with only three sense cones on segment IV and possibly represent
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<taxonomicName id="69893AE4FFA5AC1AFDB5F8A8FD94454F" ID-CoL="3TY99" authorityName="Hood" authorityYear="1939" box="[552,636,1793,1816]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Leptothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="papago">
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<emphasis id="9CFD9D75FFA5AC1AFDB5F8A8FD94454F" box="[552,636,1793,1816]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">papago</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<location id="AB5617BCFFA5AC1AFD11F956FD38454F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2620F071FFA5AC1AFF0AFAD3FADF459B:AB5617BCFFA5AC1AFD11F956FD38454F" box="[652,720,1791,1816]" county="In May" municipality="Big Morongo Canyon" name="Series" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" stateProvince="California">Series</location>
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of
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<taxonomicName id="69893AE4FFA5AC1AFD64F956FC91454F" ID-CoL="3TY8S" authorityName="Hood" authorityYear="1927" box="[761,889,1791,1816]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Leptothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heliomanes">
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<emphasis id="9CFD9D75FFA5AC1AFD64F956FC91454F" box="[761,889,1791,1816]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">heliomanes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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typically have few or no duplicated cilia on the fore wing, but individuals sometimes have up to 6 cilia on one but not on both fore wings.
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<location id="AB5617BCFFA5AC1AFB19F88CFB1C456B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2620F071FFA5AC1AFF0AFAD3FADF459B:AB5617BCFFA5AC1AFB19F88CFB1C456B" box="[1156,1268,1829,1852]" county="In May" municipality="Big Morongo Canyon" name="Moreover" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" stateProvince="California">Moreover</location>
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, the duplicated cilia on some wings are unusually slender.
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<location id="AB5617BCFFA5AC1AFDEBF8EEFD3D4537" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2620F071FFA5AC1AFF0AFAD3FADF459B:AB5617BCFFA5AC1AFDEBF8EEFD3D4537" box="[630,725,1863,1888]" county="In May" municipality="Big Morongo Canyon" name="Samples" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" stateProvince="California">Samples</location>
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sometimes include individuals with three major sense cones on segment IV, and if such individuals were collected alone they would be identified as either
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<taxonomicName id="69893AE4FFA5AC1AFB01F8C4FB1845D3" ID-CoL="3TY99" authorityName="Hood" authorityYear="1939" box="[1180,1264,1901,1924]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Leptothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="papago">
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<emphasis id="9CFD9D75FFA5AC1AFB01F8C4FB1845D3" box="[1180,1264,1901,1924]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">papago</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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or
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<taxonomicName id="69893AE4FFA5AC1AFA8AF8C4FA7C45D3" ID-CoL="3TY9C" authorityName="Johansen" authorityYear="1987" box="[1303,1428,1901,1924]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Leptothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="primigenus">
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<emphasis id="9CFD9D75FFA5AC1AFA8AF8C4FA7C45D3" box="[1303,1428,1901,1924]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">primigenus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, depending on the presence or absence of duplicated cilia.
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<location id="AB5617BCFFA5AC1AFC85F826FC8545FF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2620F071FFA5AC1AFF0AFAD3FADF459B:AB5617BCFFA5AC1AFC85F826FC8545FF" box="[792,877,1935,1960]" county="In May" municipality="Big Morongo Canyon" name="Despite" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" stateProvince="California">Despite</location>
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this, judging from the many specimens in
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<collectionCode id="C898D9A2FFA5AC1AFADBF839FA7045F0" box="[1350,1432,1936,1959]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">ERMR</collectionCode>
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, it appears that
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<taxonomicName id="69893AE4FFA5AC1AFEA6F81DFE52459A" ID-CoL="3TY8S" authorityName="Hood" authorityYear="1927" box="[315,442,1972,1997]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Leptothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heliomanes">
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<emphasis id="9CFD9D75FFA5AC1AFEA6F81DFE52459A" box="[315,442,1972,1997]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">heliomanes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is a valid species and probably the
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<collectingRegion id="6C4D8F85FFA5AC1AFCD5F81CFC4B459B" box="[840,931,1973,1996]" country="American Samoa" name="Western" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Western</collectingRegion>
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version of the
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<collectingRegion id="6C4D8F85FFA5AC1AFBD1F81CFB48459B" box="[1100,1184,1973,1996]" country="American Samoa" name="Eastern" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Eastern</collectingRegion>
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species
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<taxonomicName id="69893AE4FFA5AC1AFB63F81DFAD8459A" ID-CoL="4GH3Q" authorityName="Fitch." authorityYear="1855" box="[1278,1328,1972,1997]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Phloeothrips" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mali">
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<emphasis id="9CFD9D75FFA5AC1AFB63F81DFAD8459A" box="[1278,1328,1972,1997]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">mali</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |