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<document id="723679A745C56A969778E5469CFB1C67" ID-CLB-Dataset="5556" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4991.1.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8676cee2-bcd9-4c05-8420-af7951a7c387" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5027542" ID-ZooBank="6C803B9C-9C70-4C3D-AEFD-C085072789CC" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1624550476717" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Puskás, Gellért, Szövényi, Gergely &amp; Chobanov, Dragan P." docDate="2021" docId="E041878C713BFFE606B4FE14121EF988" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4991.1.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4991 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Uromenus elegans" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="96" masterDocId="1C78FFF47138FFE50623FFCF1717FFD9" masterDocTitle="Songs in the genus Uromenus (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Ephippigerini): A review with new information about some species" masterLastPageNumber="115" masterPageNumber="93" pageNumber="96" updateTime="1699020347932" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="315412CFB5FA090FD3ACB5966A9AEBC6">Songs in the genus Uromenus (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Ephippigerini): A review with new information about some species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="35FE6562B236F4B1A4FC89C3DE5D3C5C">Heller, Klaus-Gerhard</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="AACF45FCDE6E5E8D661A8133EEB4A901">Puskás, Gellért</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="1CB57A04619FA1F8FB6EA9FC90C821E6" type="ORCID">0000-0001-8008-749X</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="F61E9F40FB77D2ACEC5925D4149D81F3">Nagy Fuvaros u. 6, 1084 Budapest, Hungary; saksup @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 8008 - 749 X</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="56866EBCE768ADA3781A3133BD3A934D" type="email">saksup@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="EF4DA3984DE52589BBBBBAE8F7B0D3EC">Szövényi, Gergely</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="DB055279CCEF643FCCE792A2B02A9031">Department of Systematic Zoology and Ecology, ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, 1117, Hungary; gergely. szovenyi @ ttk. elte. hu; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9632 - 4066</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="2D9FEB57C2992A00E2FC736FD06A13D2">Chobanov, Dragan P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0527EA128163C853ED2B230C72FAB0C1">Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1 Tsar Osvoboditel Boulevard, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria. dchobanov @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 1642 - 0363</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="B41383445E991732C35C163B8D45A72C" type="email">dchobanov@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="F2A1E53EC94FC2CAF59E5AEA60B9EE95">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="6DFC8998D6206F700806392C92CB75AD">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="6166A58CB060DF26C0284D8D37A6A89E" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4991.1.4</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="E041878C713BFFE606B4FE14121EF988" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5027544" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183411483" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5027544" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E041878C713BFFE606B4FE14121EF988" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E041878C713BFFE606B4FE14121EF988" lastPageNumber="96" pageId="3" pageNumber="96">
<subSubSection id="20F26511713BFFE606B4FE141520FE2D" box="[151,567,474,501]" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" type="nomenclature">
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<taxonomicName id="AFE84D19713BFFE606B4FE141520FE2D" ID-CoL="7DVMS" authority="(Fischer, 1853)" baseAuthorityName="Fischer" baseAuthorityYear="1853" box="[151,567,474,501]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Uromenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elegans">
<emphasis id="5A9CEA88713BFFE606B4FE141520FE2D" bold="true" box="[151,567,474,501]" pageId="3" pageNumber="96">
<emphasis id="5A9CEA88713BFFE606B4FE14166EFE2C" bold="true" box="[151,377,474,501]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="96">Uromenus elegans</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="0C794B6B713BFFE607ABFE151538FE2D" author="Fischer, L. H." box="[392,559,474,500]" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" refId="ref9805" refString="Fischer, L. H. (1853) Orthoptera Europaea. Lipsiae [Leipzig], Engelmann. 454 pp." type="book" year="1853">Fischer, 1853</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
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</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="20F26511713BFFE606B4FDEC17FEF9D0" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="6857369A713BFFE606B4FDEC1342FD14" blockId="3.[151,1437,546,1618]" pageId="3" pageNumber="96">
<materialsCitation id="D8803CC7713BFFE606B4FDEC1648FDBB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3320086302" collectingDate="1991-08-15" collectingDateMax="2018-05-21" collectingDateMin="1991-08-15" country="Greece" county="Lasithi" elevation="5" latitude="35.1969" location="Crete" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="24.2597" municipality="Kato Zakros" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Kriti">
<collectingCountry id="10FF760A713BFFE606B4FDEC161FFDE4" box="[151,264,547,573]" name="Greece" pageId="3" pageNumber="96">GREECE</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="AA2CF878713BFFE60737FDEC1644FDE4" box="[276,339,547,573]" country="Greece" name="Kriti" pageId="3" pageNumber="96">Crete</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCounty id="81364E16713BFFE6077CFDEC16A7FDE4" box="[351,432,547,573]" pageId="3" pageNumber="96">Lasithi</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="8833ACE0713BFFE6079FFDEC155BFDE4" box="[444,588,547,573]" pageId="3" pageNumber="96">Kato Zakros</collectingMunicipality>
,
<geoCoordinate id="0DDC505D713BFFE60474FDEC15B0FDE4" box="[599,679,546,573]" degrees="35.1" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" precision="5555" value="35.1">N 35.1</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="0DDC505D713BFFE60490FDEC140AFDE4" box="[691,797,546,573]" degrees="026.25" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" precision="555" value="26.25">E 026.25</geoCoordinate>
,
<elevation id="E3C5D1A9713BFFE6050BFDED1485FDE4" box="[808,914,546,573]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" unit="m" value="5.0">
<quantity id="AF109B7F713BFFE6050BFDED1443FDE4" box="[808,852,546,573]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" unit="m" value="5.0">5 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
,
<date id="1C56105A713BFFE605BCFDED133CFDE4" box="[927,1067,546,573]" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" value="1991-08-15">
<collectingDate id="0C12E9B2713BFFE605BCFDED133CFDE4" box="[927,1067,546,573]" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" value="1991-08-15">15 viii 1991</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="C51D534C713BFFE6024AFDEC13B8FDE4" box="[1129,1199,547,573]" pageId="3" pageNumber="96">Heller</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="C51D534C713BFFE602F7FDEC1233FDE4" box="[1236,1316,547,573]" pageId="3" pageNumber="96">Volleth</collectorName>
(CH2296;
<figureCitation id="F0D32A1F713BFFE606B4FD8817E6FDB8" box="[151,241,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,260,1238,1264]" captionTargetBox="[157,1434,185,1209]" captionTargetId="figure-21@6.[151,1436,179,1215]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Oscillograms of sounds of Uromenus elegans from Crete ((A–D) and U. dyrrhachiacus (E). A—Oscillogram of stridulatory movement and song [synchronous registration of left tegmen movement and sound (upper line: upward deflection represents opening, downward closing; lower line: sound)] of two syllables from male calling song (CH2296), B—Single syllable from male calling song (CH8226), C—Male disturbance sound (CH8227), D—Female disturbance sound (CH8229), E Male disturbance sound." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5027560" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5027560/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="96">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="F0D32A1F713BFFE606DDFD881645FDBB" box="[254,338,583,610]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,260,1205,1231]" captionTargetBox="[161,1432,186,1177]" captionTargetId="figure-19@9.[151,1436,179,1181]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Male tegmina in Uromenus. A—U. elegans (Crete), B—U. dyrrhachiacus, C—U. finoti, D—U. galvagnii, E—U. robustus, F—U. tobboganensis and G—U. innocentii." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5027566" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5027566/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="96">Fig 6A</figureCitation>
).
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<materialsCitation id="D8803CC7713BFFE60744FD881509FD5C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3320086315" collectingDate="1991-08-15" collectingDateMax="2018-05-21" collectingDateMin="1991-08-15" country="Greece" county="Lasithi" elevation="5" latitude="35.1969" location="Crete" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="24.2597" municipality="Kato Zakros" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Kriti">
<location id="6D376041713BFFE60744FD8816B1FDB8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E041878C713BFFE606B4FE14121EF988:6D376041713BFFE60744FD8816B1FDB8" box="[359,422,583,609]" country="Greece" county="Lasithi" latitude="35.1969" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="24.2597" municipality="Kato Zakros" name="Crete" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" stateProvince="Kriti">Crete</location>
,
<location id="6D376041713BFFE60790FD881513FDB8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E041878C713BFFE606B4FE14121EF988:6D376041713BFFE60790FD881513FDB8" box="[435,516,583,609]" country="Greece" county="Lasithi" latitude="35.1969" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="24.2597" municipality="Kato Zakros" name="Lasithi" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" stateProvince="Kriti">Lasithi</location>
,
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north of
<location id="6D376041713BFFE60494FD88140EFDB8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E041878C713BFFE606B4FE14121EF988:6D376041713BFFE60494FD88140EFDB8" box="[695,793,583,609]" country="Greece" county="Lasithi" latitude="35.1969" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="24.2597" municipality="Kato Zakros" name="Maronia" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" stateProvince="Kriti">Maronia</location>
, south of
<location id="6D376041713BFFE605A8FD8814D6FDB8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E041878C713BFFE606B4FE14121EF988:6D376041713BFFE605A8FD8814D6FDB8" box="[907,961,583,609]" country="Greece" county="Lasithi" latitude="35.1969" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="24.2597" municipality="Kato Zakros" name="Sitia" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" stateProvince="Kriti">Sitia</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="0DDC505D713BFFE605EDFD88132CFDB8" box="[974,1083,582,609]" degrees="35.167" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" precision="55" value="35.167">N 35.167</geoCoordinate>
,
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,
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<quantity id="AF109B7F713BFFE6029DFD881211FDB8" box="[1214,1286,583,609]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
,
<date id="1C56105A713BFFE60371FD8917C6FD5C" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" value="1991-08-15">
<collectingDate id="0C12E9B2713BFFE60371FD8917C6FD5C" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" value="1991-08-15">15 viii 1991</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="C51D534C713BFFE6072CFDA4168AFD5C" box="[271,413,619,645]" pageId="3" pageNumber="96">K.-G. Heller</collectorName>
(
<collectingCountry id="10FF760A713BFFE6078EFDA416C1FD5C" box="[429,470,619,645]" name="Switzerland" pageId="3" pageNumber="96">CH</collectingCountry>
2897);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="D8803CC7713BFFE60404FDA4144DFD70" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3320086314" collectingDate="1991-08-15" collectingDateMax="2018-05-21" collectingDateMin="1991-08-15" country="Greece" county="Lasithi" elevation="5" latitude="35.1969" location="Crete" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="24.2597" municipality="Kato Zakros" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Kriti">
sound record in
<bibRefCitation id="0C794B6B713BFFE604FCFDA414D4FD5C" author="Cigliano, M. &amp; Braun, H. &amp; Eades, D. &amp; Otte, D." box="[735,963,619,645]" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" refId="ref9522" refString="Cigliano, M., Braun, H., Eades, D. &amp; Otte, D. (2021) Orthoptera Species File. Version 5.0 / 5.0. Available from: http: // Orthoptera. SpeciesFile. org / (accessed 30 June 2021)" type="url" year="2021">
Cigliano
<emphasis id="5A9CEA88713BFFE60564FDA4146DFD5C" box="[839,890,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="96">et al</emphasis>
. 2021
</bibRefCitation>
.
<location id="6D376041713BFFE605ECFDA41319FD5C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E041878C713BFFE606B4FE14121EF988:6D376041713BFFE605ECFDA41319FD5C" box="[975,1038,619,645]" country="Greece" county="Lasithi" latitude="35.1969" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="24.2597" municipality="Kato Zakros" name="Crete" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" stateProvince="Kriti">Crete</location>
,
<location id="6D376041713BFFE60238FDA4137AFD5C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E041878C713BFFE606B4FE14121EF988:6D376041713BFFE60238FDA4137AFD5C" box="[1051,1133,619,645]" country="Greece" county="Lasithi" latitude="35.1969" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="24.2597" municipality="Kato Zakros" name="Chania" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" stateProvince="Kriti">Chania</location>
,
<location id="6D376041713BFFE6025AFDA41237FD5C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E041878C713BFFE606B4FE14121EF988:6D376041713BFFE6025AFDA41237FD5C" box="[1145,1312,619,645]" country="Greece" county="Lasithi" latitude="35.1969" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="24.2597" municipality="Kato Zakros" name="Chora Sfakion" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" stateProvince="Kriti">Chora Sfakion</location>
,
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,
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<quantity id="AF109B7F713BFFE6073AFD401676FD70" box="[281,353,655,681]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
,
<date id="1C56105A713BFFE60788FD411508FD70" box="[427,543,654,681]" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" value="2016-05-25">
<collectingDate id="0C12E9B2713BFFE60788FD411508FD70" box="[427,543,654,681]" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" value="2016-05-25">25 v 2016</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="C51D534C713BFFE60478FD4015DFFD70" box="[603,712,655,681]" pageId="3" pageNumber="96">M. Heller</collectorName>
(CH8226–9,
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="D8803CC7713BFFE60541FD401346FD14" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3320086310" collectingDate="1991-08-15" collectingDateMax="2018-05-21" collectingDateMin="1991-08-15" country="Greece" county="Lasithi" elevation="5" latitude="35.1969" location="Crete" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="24.2597" municipality="Kato Zakros" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Kriti">
<specimenCount id="7EEEFD13713BFFE60541FD4014ABFD70" box="[866,956,655,681]" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="7EEEFD13713BFFE605E4FD401320FD70" box="[967,1079,655,681]" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
, all recorded;
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,
<figureCitation id="F0D32A1F713BFFE60304FD401287FD70" box="[1319,1424,655,681]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,260,1238,1264]" captionTargetBox="[157,1434,185,1209]" captionTargetId="figure-21@6.[151,1436,179,1215]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Oscillograms of sounds of Uromenus elegans from Crete ((A–D) and U. dyrrhachiacus (E). A—Oscillogram of stridulatory movement and song [synchronous registration of left tegmen movement and sound (upper line: upward deflection represents opening, downward closing; lower line: sound)] of two syllables from male calling song (CH2296), B—Single syllable from male calling song (CH8226), C—Male disturbance sound (CH8227), D—Female disturbance sound (CH8229), E Male disturbance sound." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5027560" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5027560/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="96">4B, C, D</figureCitation>
). Crete, Chania, Skaloti,
<geoCoordinate id="0DDC505D713BFFE607BEFD7C1501FD14" box="[413,534,690,717]" degrees="35.1969" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" precision="5" value="35.1969">N 35.1969</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="0DDC505D713BFFE60402FD7C15B2FD14" box="[545,677,690,717]" degrees="024.2597" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" precision="5" value="24.2597">E 024.2597</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="1C56105A713BFFE60493FD7C1434FD14" box="[688,803,691,717]" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" value="2018-05-21">
<collectingDate id="0C12E9B2713BFFE60493FD7C1434FD14" box="[688,803,691,717]" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" value="2018-05-21">21 v 2018</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="C51D534C713BFFE6057DFD7C14E4FD14" box="[862,1011,691,717]" pageId="3" pageNumber="96">D. Chobanov</collectorName>
(
<figureCitation id="F0D32A1F713BFFE60220FD7C1350FD14" box="[1027,1095,691,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1924,1948]" captionTargetBox="[157,1424,193,1889]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[151,1436,181,1901]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Oscillograms of male calling songs of Uromenus species studied here, 2 second sections." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5027558" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5027558/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="96">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6857369A713BFFE606E4FD18134AFCCF" blockId="3.[151,1437,546,1618]" pageId="3" pageNumber="96">
<collectingCountry id="10FF760A713BFFE606E4FD18162FFD28" box="[199,312,727,753]" name="Greece" pageId="3" pageNumber="96">GREECE</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="AA2CF878713BFFE60761FD1816C5FD28" box="[322,466,727,753]" country="Greece" name="Peloponnisos" pageId="3" pageNumber="96">Peloponnese</collectingRegion>
, Messinia: Pilos, [
<geoCoordinate id="0DDC505D713BFFE604B9FD181410FD28" box="[666,775,727,753]" degrees="36.913" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" precision="55" value="36.913">N 36.913</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="0DDC505D713BFFE60533FD18149FFD28" box="[784,904,726,753]" degrees="021.696" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" precision="55" value="21.696">E 021.696</geoCoordinate>
], 14 vii 87, leg. &amp; recorded F. Willemse (studied by
<bibRefCitation id="0C794B6B713BFFE60699FD341628FCCC" author="Heller, K. - G." box="[186,319,763,789]" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" refId="ref9977" refString="Heller, K. - G. (1988) Bioakustik der europaischen Laubheuschrecken. Okologie in Forschung und Anwendung. Bd. 1. Verlag J. Margraf, Weikersheim, 358 pp." type="book" year="1988">Heller 1988</bibRefCitation>
and figured in
<bibRefCitation id="0C794B6B713BFFE607C9FD341416FCCC" author="Ragge, D. R. &amp; Reynolds, W. J." box="[490,769,763,789]" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" refId="ref10707" refString="Ragge, D. R. &amp; Reynolds, W. J. (1998) The Songs of the Grasshoppers and Crickets of Western Europe. Harley Books (B. H. &amp; A. Harley Ltd), Colchester, Essex, 591 pp." type="book" year="1998">Ragge &amp; Reynolds 1998</bibRefCitation>
; recording probably overload).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6857369A713BFFE606E4FCD0148EFC34" blockId="3.[151,1437,546,1618]" pageId="3" pageNumber="96">
In the field, the songs of all our specimens were recorded in the evening or at night. They consisted of long sequences of syllables (largest recorded duration of a sequence 203 s). The syllables follow each other quite closely (
<figureCitation id="F0D32A1F713BFFE60683FCA817F2FC58" box="[160,229,871,897]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1977,2001]" captionTargetBox="[163,1428,327,1941]" captionTargetId="figure-107@4.[151,1436,309,1954]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Oscillograms of male calling songs of the Uromenus species studied here, 10 second sections." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5027550" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5027550/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="96">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="F0D32A1F713BFFE606D0FCA81615FC58" box="[243,258,871,897]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1924,1948]" captionTargetBox="[157,1424,193,1889]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[151,1436,181,1901]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Oscillograms of male calling songs of Uromenus species studied here, 2 second sections." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5027558" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5027558/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="96">3</figureCitation>
), but are separated by short intervals during which the tegmina are motionless (
<figureCitation id="F0D32A1F713BFFE602B0FCA813F8FC58" box="[1171,1263,871,897]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,260,1238,1264]" captionTargetBox="[157,1434,185,1209]" captionTargetId="figure-21@6.[151,1436,179,1215]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Oscillograms of sounds of Uromenus elegans from Crete ((A–D) and U. dyrrhachiacus (E). A—Oscillogram of stridulatory movement and song [synchronous registration of left tegmen movement and sound (upper line: upward deflection represents opening, downward closing; lower line: sound)] of two syllables from male calling song (CH2296), B—Single syllable from male calling song (CH8226), C—Male disturbance sound (CH8227), D—Female disturbance sound (CH8229), E Male disturbance sound." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5027560" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5027560/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="96">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
). The long syllables are presented in a quite slow rhythm (
<collectionCode id="0EF9AE5F713BFFE6045CFC4415A1FC7C" box="[639,694,907,933]" country="Netherlands" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13445" name="Koninklijke Shell (Shell Research N.V.)" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" type="Herbarium">SRR</collectionCode>
0.5–1.2 Hz) and contain each about 100 impulses (
<tableCitation id="256A0321713BFFE602CFFC441226FC7C" box="[1260,1329,907,933]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="8.[151,239,296,320]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="TABLE 1. Song measurements of specimens in the Uromenus rugosicollis group (mean±SD; n=10 each)" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/3C9766127130FFED06B4FEE713EDFE99" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" tableUuid="3C9766127130FFED06B4FEE713EDFE99">Tab. 1</tableCitation>
) with the exception of
<specimenCount id="7EEEFD13713BFFE60708FC6016D1FC10" box="[299,454,943,969]" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
with shorter syllables (only 41 impulses). This animal, however, has roughly the same high number of stridulatory teeth as one with ‘normal’ song (
<tableCitation id="256A0321713BFFE60561FC1C149FFC34" box="[834,904,979,1005]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="8.[151,239,296,320]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="TABLE 1. Song measurements of specimens in the Uromenus rugosicollis group (mean±SD; n=10 each)" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/3C9766127130FFED06B4FEE713EDFE99" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" tableUuid="3C9766127130FFED06B4FEE713EDFE99">Tab. 1</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6857369A713BFFE606E4FC381699FBEF" blockId="3.[151,1437,546,1618]" pageId="3" pageNumber="96">
The frequency spectrum of the male calling song has a broad maximum around 15–20 kHz (
<figureCitation id="F0D32A1F713BFFE602F4FC38120EFBC8" box="[1239,1305,1014,1041]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,260,1447,1473]" captionTargetBox="[161,1427,187,1422]" captionTargetId="figure-19@7.[151,1436,179,1423]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Power spectra of the calling songs of the Uromenus species studied here." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5027564" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5027564/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="96">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
) or near 30 kHz (another animal).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6857369A713BFFE606E4FBF014FAFB78" blockId="3.[151,1437,546,1618]" pageId="3" pageNumber="96">
Males and females produce also sounds when roughly handled or disturbed. These sounds are variable, but contain long series of impulses probably produced during opening and closing of the tegmina (
<figureCitation id="F0D32A1F713BFFE6029DFBAC1221FBA4" box="[1214,1334,1123,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,260,1238,1264]" captionTargetBox="[157,1434,185,1209]" captionTargetId="figure-21@6.[151,1436,179,1215]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Oscillograms of sounds of Uromenus elegans from Crete ((A–D) and U. dyrrhachiacus (E). A—Oscillogram of stridulatory movement and song [synchronous registration of left tegmen movement and sound (upper line: upward deflection represents opening, downward closing; lower line: sound)] of two syllables from male calling song (CH2296), B—Single syllable from male calling song (CH8226), C—Male disturbance sound (CH8227), D—Female disturbance sound (CH8229), E Male disturbance sound." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5027560" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5027560/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="96">Fig. 4C, D</figureCitation>
) and can in males be similar to syllables of the calling song (compare
<figureCitation id="F0D32A1F713BFFE60563FB4814F7FB78" box="[832,992,1159,1185]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,260,1238,1264]" captionTargetBox="[157,1434,185,1209]" captionTargetId="figure-21@6.[151,1436,179,1215]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Oscillograms of sounds of Uromenus elegans from Crete ((A–D) and U. dyrrhachiacus (E). A—Oscillogram of stridulatory movement and song [synchronous registration of left tegmen movement and sound (upper line: upward deflection represents opening, downward closing; lower line: sound)] of two syllables from male calling song (CH2296), B—Single syllable from male calling song (CH8226), C—Male disturbance sound (CH8227), D—Female disturbance sound (CH8229), E Male disturbance sound." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5027560" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5027560/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="96">Fig. 4B and C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6857369A713BFFE606E4FB6417FEF9D0" blockId="3.[151,1437,546,1618]" pageId="3" pageNumber="96">
Compared to the other studied species, the male tegmina are intermediate in size (
<figureCitation id="F0D32A1F713BFFE6027FFB6413A2FB1C" box="[1116,1205,1195,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,260,1205,1231]" captionTargetBox="[161,1432,186,1177]" captionTargetId="figure-19@9.[151,1436,179,1181]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Male tegmina in Uromenus. A—U. elegans (Crete), B—U. dyrrhachiacus, C—U. finoti, D—U. galvagnii, E—U. robustus, F—U. tobboganensis and G—U. innocentii." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5027566" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5027566/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="96">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
; from specimen preserved in ethanol) with a relatively small mirror on the right tegmen. The stridulatory file of the male is situated on the underside of the left tegmen and carries about 125 teeth (
<figureCitation id="F0D32A1F713BFFE6051CFB3C1493FAD4" box="[831,900,1267,1293]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,260,1961,1987]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,1292,1934]" captionTargetId="figure-59@9.[151,1436,1289,1937]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Male stridulatory files in Uromenus. A—U. elegans (Crete), B—U. dyrrhachiacus, C—U. finoti, D—U. galvagnii, E—U. robustus, F—U. tobboganensis, G—U. melillae, H—U. innocentii, I—U. choumarae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5027572" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5027572/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="96">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="256A0321713BFFE605B3FB3C14CFFAD4" box="[912,984,1267,1293]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="16.[151,239,151,175]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="TABLE 2. Measurements of stridulatory files of the Uromenus species studied here" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/3C9766127128FFF506B4FF581303FF76" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" tableUuid="3C9766127128FFF506B4FF581303FF76">Tab. 2</tableCitation>
). In the middle of the file the inter-tooth intervals are about
<quantity id="AF109B7F713BFFE6074EFAD816AEFAE8" box="[365,441,1303,1329]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" unit="mm" value="43.0">43 µm</quantity>
. The stridulatory file of the female is situated on the upper side of the concave surface of the right tegmen (
<figureCitation id="F0D32A1F713BFFE60743FAF416ACFA8C" box="[352,443,1339,1365]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,260,1630,1656]" captionTargetBox="[213,1375,179,1606]" captionTargetId="figure-21@12.[213,1375,179,1606]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. Stridulatory organs and related structures of Uromenus elegans (Crete). A—Female stridulatory file, overview, B—Female stridulatory file, detail, C—Pegs on vein on upper side of right male tegmen. Scale 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5027574" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5027574/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="96">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
). Here the teeth are quite regular (
<figureCitation id="F0D32A1F713BFFE6051CFAF41481FA8C" box="[831,918,1339,1365]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,260,1630,1656]" captionTargetBox="[213,1375,179,1606]" captionTargetId="figure-21@12.[213,1375,179,1606]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. Stridulatory organs and related structures of Uromenus elegans (Crete). A—Female stridulatory file, overview, B—Female stridulatory file, detail, C—Pegs on vein on upper side of right male tegmen. Scale 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5027574" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5027574/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="96">Fig. 8B</figureCitation>
) with inter-tooth intervals about
<quantity id="AF109B7F713BFFE60328FAF41242FA8C" box="[1291,1365,1339,1365]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" unit="mm" value="28.0">28 µm</quantity>
in the middle of the file. Other short veins near to the outer edge of the tegmen carry also mostly irregular pegs, but they are certainly not used for sound production. On the left tegmen at the corresponding place a non-functional file (no scraper available) is situated (
<figureCitation id="F0D32A1F713BFFE607CBFA681554FA18" box="[488,579,1447,1473]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="13.[151,260,1850,1876]" captionTargetBox="[158,1425,354,1810]" captionTargetId="figure-98@13.[151,1436,342,1825]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9. Female tegmina in Uromenus. A—U. elegans (Crete), B—U. dyrrhachiacus, C—U. rugosicollis, D—U. agarenus, E—U. finoti, F—U. tobboganensis and G—U. innocentii. Note the long stridulatory vein on the upper side of the right tegmen crossing the mirror-like translucent tegmen membrane." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5027578" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5027578/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="96">Fig. 9A</figureCitation>
). On some veins of the upper side of the tegmina, e.g. on those framing the mirror at the posterior edge, the males have also pegs which are similar in size to that of the females (compare
<figureCitation id="F0D32A1F713BFFE60353FA0417CBF9D0" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,260,1630,1656]" captionTargetBox="[213,1375,179,1606]" captionTargetId="figure-21@12.[213,1375,179,1606]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. Stridulatory organs and related structures of Uromenus elegans (Crete). A—Female stridulatory file, overview, B—Female stridulatory file, detail, C—Pegs on vein on upper side of right male tegmen. Scale 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5027574" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5027574/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="96">Fig. 8B, C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="20F26511713BFFE606E4F9DC121EF988" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="6857369A713BFFE606E4F9DC121EF988" blockId="3.[151,1437,546,1618]" pageId="3" pageNumber="96">
<emphasis id="5A9CEA88713BFFE606E4F9DC163BF9F4" bold="true" box="[199,300,1555,1581]" pageId="3" pageNumber="96">Ecology.</emphasis>
The species is widespread in
<collectingRegion id="AA2CF878713BFFE604A6F9DC15D5F9F4" box="[645,706,1555,1581]" country="Greece" name="Kriti" pageId="3" pageNumber="96">Crete</collectingRegion>
with most localities below
<quantity id="AF109B7F713BFFE60223F9DD135FF9F4" box="[1024,1096,1554,1581]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" unit="m" value="450.0">450 m</quantity>
a.s.l. (
<bibRefCitation id="0C794B6B713BFFE602B6F9DC17C4F98B" author="Willemse, F. &amp; Kruseman, G." pageId="3" pageNumber="96" pagination="123 - 164" refId="ref11335" refString="Willemse, F. &amp; Kruseman, G. (1976) Orthopteroidea of Crete. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 119, 123 - 164." type="journal article" year="1976">Willemse &amp; Kruseman 1976</bibRefCitation>
). It is found in dry habitats, often on low prickly bushes, as described by
<bibRefCitation id="0C794B6B713BFFE60224F9F81212F988" author="Willemse, L. P. M. &amp; Kleukers, R. M. J. C. &amp; Ode, B." box="[1031,1285,1591,1617]" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" refId="ref11361" refString="Willemse, L. P. M., Kleukers, R. M. J. C. &amp; Ode, B. (2018) The Grasshoppers of Greece. EIS Kenniscentrum Insecten &amp; Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, 439 pp." type="book" year="2018">
Willemse
<emphasis id="5A9CEA88713BFFE6025BF9F813BEF988" box="[1144,1193,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="96">et al</emphasis>
. (2018)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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