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122 lines
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<document id="08CAE9CB8704511DEED50B26188EBBCD" ID-DOI="10.5252/geodiversitas2023v45a11" ID-ISSN="1638-9395" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8095590" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:CED4FE1B-3702-496B-9891-AEB5006F0D0E" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="jonas" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="jonas" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="jonas" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="jonas" checkinTime="1687788570017" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Atfy, Haytham El, Abeed, Qusay & Uhl, Dieter" docDate="2023" docId="BF7487C2FFB7FF877592FA70BDE7F9E3" docLanguage="en" docName="Geodiversitas.45.11.353-366.pdf" docOrigin="Geodiversitas 45 (11)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F830B10FF475E64C1F1601E3B32DDC00.4:Geodiversitas.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="F830B10FF475E64C1F1601E3B32DDC00" docStyleName="Geodiversitas.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Leiosphaeridia Eisenack 1958" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="357" masterDocId="434DFFBAFFB1FF817516FF84B931FFEE" masterDocTitle="Non-pollen palynomorph and palynofacies assemblages from the Lower Cretaceous of Iraq: A glimpse into palaeobiology and palaeoenvironment" masterLastPageNumber="366" masterPageNumber="353" pageNumber="357" updateTime="1707928412164" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="F5807CAF9FD5CC41DB1F6646E97FB76D">
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<mods:title id="A159BDF43B3CA85B6D2462DE840409C6">Non-pollen palynomorph and palynofacies assemblages from the Lower Cretaceous of Iraq: A glimpse into palaeobiology and palaeoenvironment</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="993724FEEF13E018ACDC8278408C8257" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="80945C68D96BCE0D4893CBC4B095315F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="17F305B9771FEF754ACE29FF51262473">Atfy, Haytham El</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="FFED6AA7C49208F9258D32570AFC442B">Department of Geosciences, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen (Germany) and Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, 35516 Mansoura (Egypt)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="4A4A32EECACA3681031C85D7ECEF0E27" type="email">el-atfy@daad-alumni.de</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="65A11B4475AD667A711621BA9F3C8E52">Abeed, Qusay</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D1508A4ED6ABAD67C82D325201322502">Halliburton, 97 Jubillee Avenue, Milton Park, Abingdon, OX 14 4 RW (United Kingdom)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="32CFF571F4B4BD79835134A1743376EB" type="email">qusayabeed@googlemail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="3EA42AD9E5D3AB39864DE2EF348DBC03" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="F54D2DB28C7563C23E1B1E3481E12E34">Uhl, Dieter</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="EA4BD340DD4D31915C44BFB0EBD282B3">Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum Frankfurt, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main (Germany)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="40D9EEF6BF1BDBA4CD6C5405C01B0FCC" type="email">dieter.uhl@senckenberg.de</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="E4FFD014CF3932C1BDDE553F3888DA54">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="DD00521E94B48B34E3E7CE206002AA96">Geodiversitas</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="B6860AFCFB5648F93BC2D11CA38212E8">
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<mods:date id="9680F5B6282973783823FA94EF0C1FD6">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="5650811C10866F02956711B6FDDB5ED2">2023-06-22</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="CC631E8E9181F3BF31A03BC627A18BD0" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="A05A53BFD3E4FA07949350832BB90CB8">45</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="486B1419F8440896BA586B583B178B89" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="E3335C41F1D18A97901DFADEF2F649AC">11</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="331EC5F2B0FD5FAEC2ADE72B4A520F07">353</mods:start>
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<mods:identifier id="DA8FBC3D415C59C45A7E2A40B954BE45" type="DOI">10.5252/geodiversitas2023v45a11</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="0AFA866A2A4EA0632B36F44331C96698" type="ISSN">1638-9395</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="BF7487C2FFB7FF877592FA70BDE7F9E3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10658672" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10658672" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BF7487C2FFB7FF877592FA70BDE7F9E3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BF7487C2FFB7FF877592FA70BDE7F9E3" lastPageNumber="357" pageId="6" pageNumber="357">
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<subSubSection id="7FC7655FFFB7FF877592FA70B8E2F9E2" box="[132,467,1522,1550]" pageId="6" pageNumber="357" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="376236D4FFB7FF877592FA70B8E2F9E2" blockId="6.[131,775,1522,2028]" box="[132,467,1522,1550]" pageId="6" pageNumber="357">
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<emphasis id="05A9EAC6FFB7FF877592FA70B8E2F9E2" bold="true" box="[132,467,1522,1550]" pageId="6" pageNumber="357">
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<taxonomicName id="F0DD4D57FFB7FF877592FA70B8FFF9E2" authority="Eisenack, 1958" authorityName="Eisenack" authorityYear="1958" box="[132,462,1522,1550]" genus="Leiosphaeridia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="6" pageNumber="357" phylum="Myzozoa" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="05A9EAC6FFB7FF877592FA70B813F9E0" bold="true" box="[132,290,1524,1550]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="357">Leiosphaeridia</emphasis>
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Eisenack, 1958
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7FC7655FFFB7FF8774CEFA77B88FF902" pageId="6" pageNumber="357" type="description">
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<paragraph id="376236D4FFB7FF8774CEFA77B88FF902" blockId="6.[131,775,1522,2028]" pageId="6" pageNumber="357">
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Leiosphaerids are considered to be algal cysts produced in the course of the reproductive phase of the life cycle; an assumption that is reinforced by the occurrence of an encystment opening (
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<bibRefCitation id="534C4B25FFB7FF877772F9D6B98FF962" author="Moczydlowska" firstAuthor="Moczydlowska" pageId="6" pageNumber="357" pagination="71 - 92" refId="ref9677" refString="MOCZYDLOWSKA M. 2008. - New records of late Ediacaran microbiota from Poland. Precambrian Research 167: 71 - 92. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. precamres. 2008.07.007" type="journal article" year="2008">Moczydłowska 2008</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<taxonomicName id="F0DD4D57FFB7FF8775C5F9F6B85AF962" authorityName="Eisenack" authorityYear="1958" box="[211,363,1650,1676]" genus="Leiosphaeridia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="6" pageNumber="357" phylum="Myzozoa" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="05A9EAC6FFB7FF8775C5F9F6B85AF962" box="[211,363,1650,1676]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="357">Leiosphaeridia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is known from the Precambrian to the present (
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<bibRefCitation id="534C4B25FFB7FF8775F1F917B8B5F942" author="Traverse" box="[231,388,1682,1709]" firstAuthor="Traverse" pageId="6" pageNumber="357" refId="ref11131" refString="TRAVERSE A. 2007. - Paleopalynology, in Topics in Geobiology. Volume 28. Springer, 813 p." type="book" year="2007">Traverse 2007</bibRefCitation>
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), and includes spheroidal to ellipsoidal, organic-walled microfossils of variable morphology, diameter, and wall thickness.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7FC7655FFFB7FF8774D5F956BDF7FAE0" pageId="6" pageNumber="357" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="376236D4FFB7FF8774D5F956BDF7FAE0" blockId="6.[131,775,1522,2028]" lastBlockId="6.[811,1458,1172,1549]" pageId="6" pageNumber="357">
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The unicellular
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<taxonomicName id="F0DD4D57FFB7FF87777AF956BA37F902" authorityName="Eisenack" authorityYear="1958" box="[620,774,1746,1772]" genus="Leiosphaeridia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="6" pageNumber="357" phylum="Myzozoa" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="05A9EAC6FFB7FF87777AF956BA37F902" box="[620,774,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="357">Leiosphaeridia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are produced by planktic algae, with alternating sexual or vegetative generations in their life cycle (
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<bibRefCitation id="534C4B25FFB7FF877776F896B98FF8A2" author="Moczydlowska" firstAuthor="Moczydlowska" pageId="6" pageNumber="357" pagination="71 - 92" refId="ref9677" refString="MOCZYDLOWSKA M. 2008. - New records of late Ediacaran microbiota from Poland. Precambrian Research 167: 71 - 92. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. precamres. 2008.07.007" type="journal article" year="2008">Moczydłowska 2008</bibRefCitation>
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). Leiosphaerids are presumed to embody either several planktonic green algal species (e.g.
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<bibRefCitation id="534C4B25FFB7FF8774E2F8D6BBB2F882" author="Tappan" box="[500,643,1874,1900]" firstAuthor="Tappan" pageId="6" pageNumber="357" refId="ref11101" refString="TAPPAN H. 1980. - The Paleobiology of Plant Protists. San Francisco W. H. Freeman and Company, San Francisco, XXIV + 1028 p." type="book" year="1980">Tappan 1980</bibRefCitation>
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), photosynthetic protists (
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<bibRefCitation id="534C4B25FFB7FF87743DF8F6B8F7F865" author="Traverse" box="[299,454,1905,1932]" firstAuthor="Traverse" pageId="6" pageNumber="357" refId="ref11131" refString="TRAVERSE A. 2007. - Paleopalynology, in Topics in Geobiology. Volume 28. Springer, 813 p." type="book" year="2007">Traverse 2007</bibRefCitation>
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), or other microorganisms of so far unidentified affinities (
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<bibRefCitation id="534C4B25FFB7FF8774A3F815BBFBF845" author="Moczydlowska" box="[437,714,1937,1963]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Moczydlowska" pageId="6" pageNumber="357" pagination="129 - 136" refId="ref9714" refString="MOCZYDLOWSKA M., SCHOPF J. W. & WILLMAN S. 2010. - Micro- and nano-scale ultrastructure of cell walls in Cryogenian microfossils: revealing their biological affinity. Lethaia 43: 129 - 136. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1502 - 3931.2009.00175. x" type="journal article" year="2010">
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Moczydłowska
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<emphasis id="05A9EAC6FFB7FF87774CF816BBBDF845" box="[602,652,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="357">et al.</emphasis>
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2010
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</bibRefCitation>
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). The eukaryotic algal origin of leiosphaerids has been suggested based on morphology, size, cell-wall, and palaeoecology (
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<bibRefCitation id="534C4B25FFB7FF877620FB10BAFDFB40" author="Tappan" box="[822,972,1172,1198]" firstAuthor="Tappan" pageId="6" pageNumber="357" refId="ref11101" refString="TAPPAN H. 1980. - The Paleobiology of Plant Protists. San Francisco W. H. Freeman and Company, San Francisco, XXIV + 1028 p." type="book" year="1980">Tappan 1980</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="534C4B25FFB7FF8776C8FB10BC30FB41" author="Colbath & Grenfell" box="[990,1281,1172,1199]" firstAuthor="Colbath" pageId="6" pageNumber="357" pagination="287 - 314" refId="ref8451" refString="COLBATH G. K. & GRENFELL H. R. 1995. - Review of biological affinities of Paleozoic acid-resistant, organic-walled eukaryotic algal microfossils (including '' acritarchs' '). Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 86: 287 - 314. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / 0034 - 6667 (94) 00148 - D" type="journal article" year="1995">Colbath & Grenfell 1995</bibRefCitation>
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and discussion therein). Based on the discussion above, and the suggestions from previous studies (e.g.
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<bibRefCitation id="534C4B25FFB7FF877188FB50BC08FB00" author="Traverse" box="[1182,1337,1236,1262]" firstAuthor="Traverse" pageId="6" pageNumber="357" refId="ref11131" refString="TRAVERSE A. 2007. - Paleopalynology, in Topics in Geobiology. Volume 28. Springer, 813 p." type="book" year="2007">Traverse 2007</bibRefCitation>
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), they can no longer be referred to as acritarchs.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7FC7655FFFB7FF877655FA97BDE7F9E3" pageId="6" pageNumber="357" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="376236D4FFB7FF877655FA97BDE7F9E3" blockId="6.[811,1458,1172,1549]" pageId="6" pageNumber="357">
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The recorded specimens from the Yamama Formation (
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<figureCitation id="AFE62A51FFB7FF877620FAB7BA43FAA3" box="[822,882,1331,1357]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[132,143,1578,1595]" captionTargetBox="[133,1455,215,1535]" captionTargetId="figure-139@7.[698,1267,782,1353]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 3. — The palynological assemblage of the Yamama Formation: A, colony of degraded Botryococcus Kützing, 1849 seen in transmitted white light. Note characteristic globular outline and lustrous yellow colour;09-262-2_P47;B, isolated coenobium of degraded Botryococcus colony seen in transmitted white light; 09-234-1_P35; C, colony of Botryococcus fluorescing under incident blue light illumination, the globular outline of the cells is very clear however, the cell cups are not clearly visible; 09-234_P35; D, Palambages sp., 09-242-3_P36; E, Palambages sp., 09-262-2_W40, arrow refers to loophole (= Schlüpfloch of Gocht & Wille 1972); F, Palambages sp., 09-262-3_G36, arrow refers to loophole (= Schlüpfloch of Gocht & Wille 1972); G, Palambages sp., 09-262-3_G40, arrows refer to loophole (= Schlüpfloch of Gocht & Wille 1972); H, marine prasinophyte phycoma of the genus Pterospermella Eisenack, 1972, 09-262-1_H53; I, dinocyst Batioladinium micropodum (Eisenack & Cookson, 1960) Brideaux, 1975, 09-234-1_R56; J, dinocyst, 09-234-1_M50; K, dinocyst, Cribroperidinium sp., 09-234- 1_N53; L, Leiosphaeridia sp., 09-255-3_G53; M, Leiosphaeridia sp., 09-262-3_T37; N, Leiosphaeridia sp., 09-234-3_S51; O, Leiosphaeridia sp., 09-255, arrow points to a possible encystment opening. Scale bars: 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8095596" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8095596/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="357">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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L-O) are represented by bag-shaped, thin-walled, flattened, often collapsed, and sometimes folded palynomorphs in which the encystment opening is rarely preserved (e.g.
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<figureCitation id="AFE62A51FFB7FF877639FA17BAB5FA43" box="[815,900,1427,1453]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[132,143,1578,1595]" captionTargetBox="[133,1455,215,1535]" captionTargetId="figure-139@7.[698,1267,782,1353]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 3. — The palynological assemblage of the Yamama Formation: A, colony of degraded Botryococcus Kützing, 1849 seen in transmitted white light. Note characteristic globular outline and lustrous yellow colour;09-262-2_P47;B, isolated coenobium of degraded Botryococcus colony seen in transmitted white light; 09-234-1_P35; C, colony of Botryococcus fluorescing under incident blue light illumination, the globular outline of the cells is very clear however, the cell cups are not clearly visible; 09-234_P35; D, Palambages sp., 09-242-3_P36; E, Palambages sp., 09-262-2_W40, arrow refers to loophole (= Schlüpfloch of Gocht & Wille 1972); F, Palambages sp., 09-262-3_G36, arrow refers to loophole (= Schlüpfloch of Gocht & Wille 1972); G, Palambages sp., 09-262-3_G40, arrows refer to loophole (= Schlüpfloch of Gocht & Wille 1972); H, marine prasinophyte phycoma of the genus Pterospermella Eisenack, 1972, 09-262-1_H53; I, dinocyst Batioladinium micropodum (Eisenack & Cookson, 1960) Brideaux, 1975, 09-234-1_R56; J, dinocyst, 09-234-1_M50; K, dinocyst, Cribroperidinium sp., 09-234- 1_N53; L, Leiosphaeridia sp., 09-255-3_G53; M, Leiosphaeridia sp., 09-262-3_T37; N, Leiosphaeridia sp., 09-234-3_S51; O, Leiosphaeridia sp., 09-255, arrow points to a possible encystment opening. Scale bars: 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8095596" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8095596/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="357">Fig. 3O</figureCitation>
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), with a maximum diameter of 35-40 µm in average. They are preserved in relatively similar proportions in samples 09-234, 09-255, and 09-262, and completely absent in samples 09-242 and 09-243 (
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<figureCitation id="AFE62A51FFB7FF87719EFA77BDF7F9E3" box="[1160,1222,1523,1549]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,143,1092,1109]" captionTargetBox="[137,1455,218,1050]" captionTargetId="figure-475@6.[698,1267,215,773]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 2. — Quantitative representation of the percentages for the recorded NPPs in the studied samples: A, 09-234; B, 09-242; C, 09-243; D, 09-255; E, 09-262." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8095594" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8095594/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="357">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |