494 lines
64 KiB
XML
494 lines
64 KiB
XML
<document id="B099EABABC65712C228F1B690298E24A" ID-CLB-Dataset="24044" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4732.3.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="97280c77-638b-4edc-a09a-e45f2806e02e" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3667126" ID-ZooBank="ECF50463-FE43-400B-A11D-E0E5E9870B34" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1581667404101" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Beaver, Ethan P., Moore, Michael D., Velasco-Castrillón, Alejandro & Stevens, Mark I." docDate="2020" docId="8E33C11CFFE8FFA6FF27F9BFFBDBC4D6" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4732.3.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4732 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Oxycanus ephemerous Beaver & Moore & Velasco-Castrillón & Stevens 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="33CEA032-54FE-493E-A7B0-43585934D242" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="355" masterDocId="720AB964FFEAFFA2FFB0FF86FFDBC011" masterDocTitle="Three new ghost moths of the genus Oxycanus Walker, 1856 from Australia (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae)" masterLastPageNumber="374" masterPageNumber="351" pageNumber="353" updateTime="1698782827327" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="4FDF2930CF2DA09FCA1E2D5710DAB1E1">
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<mods:title id="18996CE962CA1B4F1DBB683BA75AAFE0">Three new ghost moths of the genus Oxycanus Walker, 1856 from Australia (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="58D6BB998CB973979A6F8F2D7B68A0E0" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="2564A92FD82FE2E30131E70CF8CD84BC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="8AC9C9D4850C777B75326699727117AC">Beaver, Ethan P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2938A4BA36E90B913ECA7AF8E0CD3BA2">Moore, Michael D.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="D3AFE06A3EDBAF1E0F9FC71AB740FE37">Velasco-Castrillón, Alejandro</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="44D56A5A03B0C7722B653A6F2A71FEC7" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="70B8A61B01F45967E91EA1AC183B9DFD">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="1BF24522A7B44ECD8BD4D857ADE3C65F">Stevens, Mark I.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="02071CB62E41842FAEDDB7AEF756BE7B">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="505A60291DCE534D40CEAE5035E5328F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="7A1E2E421B96BAC5324A53D2B5D4D05C">
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<mods:date id="26E1F4D03D11509FE1699DB5994763B8">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="DB6E9458292E212F246C02A1EC5274BB">2020-02-13</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="1F7A3CDC2867A4A06CF86964EBD88C58">4732</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="787BDBB3C4B231CD3943519239DCD761">3</mods:number>
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<treatment id="8E33C11CFFE8FFA6FF27F9BFFBDBC4D6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3671650" ID-GBIF-Taxon="162142614" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3671650" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:33CEA032-54FE-493E-A7B0-43585934D242" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8E33C11CFFE8FFA6FF27F9BFFBDBC4D6" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="355" pageId="2" pageNumber="353">
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<subSubSection id="4E802381FFE8FFA0FF27F9BFFD35C642" box="[151,750,1592,1619]" pageId="2" pageNumber="353" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="0625700AFFE8FFA0FF27F9BFFD35C642" blockId="2.[151,750,1592,1655]" box="[151,750,1592,1619]" pageId="2" pageNumber="353">
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<heading id="5D6DC766FFE8FFA0FF27F9BFFD35C642" bold="true" box="[151,750,1592,1619]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="353" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="34EEAC18FFE8FFA0FF27F9BFFD35C642" bold="true" box="[151,750,1592,1619]" pageId="2" pageNumber="353">
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<taxonomicName id="C19A0B89FFE8FFA0FF27F9BFFD5FC642" authority="Beaver & Moore" authorityName="Beaver & Moore & Velasco-Castrillón & Stevens" authorityYear="2020" box="[151,644,1592,1619]" class="Insecta" family="Hepialidae" genus="Oxycanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="353" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ephemerous" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="34EEAC18FFE8FFA0FF27F9BFFE71C642" bold="true" box="[151,426,1592,1619]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="353">Oxycanus ephemerous</emphasis>
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Beaver & Moore
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</taxonomicName>
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||
,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="2FDD1163FFE8FFA0FD21F9BFFD35C642" box="[657,750,1593,1619]" pageId="2" pageNumber="353" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="4E802381FFE8FFA0FF27F9DAFCCEC6C9" pageId="2" pageNumber="353" type="description">
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<paragraph id="0625700AFFE8FFA0FF27F9DAFDC9C666" blockId="2.[151,750,1592,1655]" box="[151,530,1628,1655]" pageId="2" pageNumber="353">
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(
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<figureCitation id="9EA16C8FFFE8FFA0FF2FF9DAFF27C666" box="[159,252,1628,1655]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1883,1908]" captionTargetBox="[153,1432,557,1860]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,553,1863]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 1 (A–F). Adult male Oxycanus species: A, Oxycanus ephemerous sp. nov. holotype, ©SAMA; B, Oxycanus subvaria lectotype; C, Oxycanus flavoplumosus sp. nov. holotype, photo by T. Simonsen, ©Trustees of the NHM; D, E, O. flavoplumosus sp. nov. paratypes, ©SAMA; F, O. byrsa, courtesy of J. Schubert. Scales 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3667128" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3667128/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="353">Figs 1A</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="9EA16C8FFFE8FFA0FEB8F9DBFECFC666" box="[264,276,1629,1655]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1923,1948]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,677,1894]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,677,1894]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3 (A–L) Antennae of male Oxycanus spp. A, B, O. byrsa; C, D, O. flavoplumosus sp. nov; E, F, O. determinata; G, H, O. petalous sp. nov.; I, J, O. subvaria; K, L, O. ephemerous sp. nov. Abbreviations: br—bar. ra—primary rami. ri—ridge. Scale bar in A–C is 500 µm; D is 200 µm; E, F is 500µm; G is 150µm H, I is 250 µm; J is 250 µm; K is 500 µm; L is 250 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3667132" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3667132/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="353">3</figureCitation>
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K–L, 4A–C, 7A, 10A)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0625700AFFE8FFA0FF27F927FC81C6A8" blockId="2.[151,858,1696,1752]" box="[151,858,1696,1721]" pageId="2" pageNumber="353">
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Type specimens:
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<materialsCitation id="B6F27A57FFE8FFA0FEF7F926FDEEC6A8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2565852031" box="[327,565,1696,1721]" collectionCode="SAMA" pageId="2" pageNumber="353" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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||
<typeStatus id="D921CEA8FFE8FFA0FEF7F926FE7EC6A8" box="[327,421,1696,1721]" pageId="2" pageNumber="353" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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male,
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||
<collectionCode id="608BE8CFFFE8FFA0FE59F927FDEEC6A8" box="[489,565,1697,1721]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34982" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34982" name="South Australia Museum" pageId="2" pageNumber="353" type="Museum">SAMA</collectionCode>
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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||
<materialsCitation id="B6F27A57FFE8FFA0FD8FF927FC8EC6A8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2565851994" box="[575,853,1696,1721]" collectionCode="SAMA" pageId="2" pageNumber="353" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2" typeStatus="paratype">
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||
<typeStatus id="D921CEA8FFE8FFA0FD8FF927FD7FC6A8" box="[575,676,1697,1721]" pageId="2" pageNumber="353" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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,
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||
<specimenCount id="109CBB83FFE8FFA0FD1EF927FD24C6A8" box="[686,767,1696,1721]" pageId="2" pageNumber="353" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
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,
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||
<collectionCode id="608BE8CFFFE8FFA0FCB9F927FC8EC6A8" box="[777,853,1697,1721]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34982" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34982" name="South Australia Museum" pageId="2" pageNumber="353" type="Museum">SAMA</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="0625700AFFE8FFA0FF27F946FCCEC6C9" blockId="2.[151,858,1696,1752]" box="[151,789,1727,1752]" pageId="2" pageNumber="353">
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Type locality: Inman Valley, Fleurieu Peninsula, SA,
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||
<collectingCountry id="7E8D309AFFE8FFA0FD01F939FCCAC6C9" box="[689,785,1727,1752]" name="Australia" pageId="2" pageNumber="353">Australia</collectingCountry>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="4E802381FFE8FFA0FF27F880FC06C755" pageId="2" pageNumber="353" type="etymology">
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||
<paragraph id="0625700AFFE8FFA0FF27F880FC06C755" blockId="2.[151,1436,1797,2040]" pageId="2" pageNumber="353">
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||
<emphasis id="34EEAC18FFE8FFA0FF27F880FEC3C731" bold="true" box="[151,280,1798,1824]" pageId="2" pageNumber="353">Etymology</emphasis>
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||
. The specific name (Greek
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||
<emphasis id="34EEAC18FFE8FFA0FDFDF883FD6EC731" box="[589,693,1797,1824]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="353">εφήμεΡΟΣ</emphasis>
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) refers to the ephemeral nature of the adult insect, which is known to fly for a brief period at a specific time of the year, in very few locations.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="4E802381FFE8FFA0FF77F8C8FB40C7E9" pageId="2" pageNumber="353" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="0625700AFFE8FFA0FF77F8C8FC1AC7A1" blockId="2.[151,1436,1797,2040]" pageId="2" pageNumber="353">
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||
<emphasis id="34EEAC18FFE8FFA0FF77F8C8FEAEC779" bold="true" box="[199,373,1869,1896]" pageId="2" pageNumber="353">Type material.</emphasis>
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||
<materialsCitation id="B6F27A57FFE8FFA0FECCF8C8FC1AC7A1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2565852008" collectingDate="2018-05-20" collectionCode="SAMA, MD" collectorName="S. Eden & E. P. Beaver & Spec. No. & Moore. & Database No." county="South" elevation="180" latitude="-35.483612" location="Inman Valley" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="138.43672" municipality="Fleurieu Peninsula" pageId="2" pageNumber="353" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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||
<typeStatus id="D921CEA8FFE8FFA0FECCF8C8FDC8C779" box="[380,531,1870,1896]" pageId="2" pageNumber="353" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
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||
, male; (
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||
<collectionCode id="608BE8CFFFE8FFA0FDDCF8C8FD18C779" box="[620,707,1870,1896]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34982" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34982" name="South Australia Museum" pageId="2" pageNumber="353" type="Museum">SAMA</collectionCode>
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).
|
||
<specimenCount id="109CBB83FFE8FFA0FD66F8C8FD36C779" box="[726,749,1870,1896]" pageId="2" pageNumber="353" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
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,
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||
<date id="722456CAFFE8FFA0FD49F8C8FC49C779" box="[761,914,1870,1896]" pageId="2" pageNumber="353" value="2018-05-20">
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||
<collectingDate id="6260AF22FFE8FFA0FD49F8C8FC49C779" box="[761,914,1870,1896]" pageId="2" pageNumber="353" value="2018-05-20">20 May 2018</collectingDate>
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</date>
|
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,
|
||
<location id="034526D1FFE8FFA0FC2DF8C8FBEFC779" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8E33C11CFFE8FFA6FF27F9BFFBDBC4D6:034526D1FFE8FFA0FC2DF8C8FBEFC779" box="[925,1076,1870,1896]" county="South" latitude="-35.483612" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="138.43672" municipality="Fleurieu Peninsula" name="Inman Valley" pageId="2" pageNumber="353">Inman Valley</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="E641EA70FFE8FFA0FB8FF8C8FACFC779" box="[1087,1300,1870,1896]" pageId="2" pageNumber="353">Fleurieu Peninsula</collectingMunicipality>
|
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,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="EF440886FFE8FFA0FAAFF8C8FABBC779" box="[1311,1376,1870,1896]" pageId="2" pageNumber="353">South</collectingCounty>
|
||
Aus- tralia,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="63AE16CDFFE8FFA0FF51F8F7FEA6C79D" box="[225,381,1905,1932]" degrees="35" direction="south" minutes="29" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="353" precision="1" seconds="01.0" value="-35.483612">35°29’01.0”S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="63AE16CDFFE8FFA0FE3BF8F4FDEDC79D" box="[395,566,1906,1932]" degrees="138" direction="east" minutes="26" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="353" precision="1" seconds="12.2" value="138.43672">138°26’12.2”E</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
|
||
<quantity id="C162DDEFFFE8FFA0FDF5F8F4FD5EC79D" box="[581,645,1906,1932]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="353" unit="m" value="180.0">
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<elevation id="8DB79739FFE8FFA0FDF5F8F4FD5EC79D" box="[581,645,1906,1932]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="353" unit="m" value="180.0">180m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
elevation, coll.
|
||
<collectorName id="AB6F15DCFFE8FFA0FC8FF8F4FC40C79D" box="[831,923,1906,1932]" pageId="2" pageNumber="353">S. Eden</collectorName>
|
||
, pres.
|
||
<collectorName id="AB6F15DCFFE8FFA0FC58F8F4FBA3C79D" box="[1000,1144,1906,1932]" pageId="2" pageNumber="353">E. P. Beaver</collectorName>
|
||
, /
|
||
<collectorName id="AB6F15DCFFE8FFA0FB27F8F4FADCC79D" box="[1175,1287,1906,1932]" pageId="2" pageNumber="353">Spec. No.</collectorName>
|
||
1862 leg removed for tissue storage
|
||
<collectionCode id="608BE8CFFFE8FFA0FE01F810FE05C7A1" box="[433,478,1942,1968]" country="Germany" name="Museum Donaueschingen" pageId="2" pageNumber="353">MD</collectionCode>
|
||
<collectorName id="AB6F15DCFFE8FFA0FE55F810FDECC7A1" box="[485,567,1942,1968]" pageId="2" pageNumber="353">Moore.</collectorName>
|
||
/
|
||
<collectionCode id="608BE8CFFFE8FFA0FDFCF810FD40C7A1" box="[588,667,1942,1968]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34982" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34982" name="South Australia Museum" pageId="2" pageNumber="353" type="Museum">SAMA</collectionCode>
|
||
<collectorName id="AB6F15DCFFE8FFA0FD13F810FCE1C7A1" box="[675,826,1942,1968]" pageId="2" pageNumber="353">Database No.</collectorName>
|
||
31-019818.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0625700AFFE8FFA0FF77F83CFB40C7E9" blockId="2.[151,1436,1797,2040]" pageId="2" pageNumber="353">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="B6F27A57FFE8FFA0FF77F83CFDE0C7C5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2565852022" box="[199,571,1978,2004]" collectionCode="SAMA" pageId="2" pageNumber="353" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="D921CEA8FFE8FFA0FF77F83CFEBEC7C5" box="[199,357,1978,2004]" pageId="2" pageNumber="353" type="paratype">PARATYPES</typeStatus>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="109CBB83FFE8FFA0FEC1F83CFE17C7C5" box="[369,460,1978,2004]" pageId="2" pageNumber="353" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
|
||
; (
|
||
<collectionCode id="608BE8CFFFE8FFA0FE6FF83CFDE8C7C5" box="[479,563,1978,2004]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34982" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34982" name="South Australia Museum" pageId="2" pageNumber="353" type="Museum">SAMA</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="B6F27A57FFE8FFA0FDF3F83CFB00C7C5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2565852012" box="[579,1243,1977,2004]" collectingDate="1952-05-20" collectionCode="SAMA" collectorName="F. M. Angel" location="Amer. River" pageId="2" pageNumber="353" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCount id="109CBB83FFE8FFA0FDF3F83CFDABC7C5" box="[579,624,1978,2004]" pageId="2" pageNumber="353" type="male">2 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="034526D1FFE8FFA0FDCBF83CFCD3C7C5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8E33C11CFFE8FFA6FF27F9BFFBDBC4D6:034526D1FFE8FFA0FDCBF83CFCD3C7C5" box="[635,776,1978,2004]" name="Amer. River" pageId="2" pageNumber="353">Amer. River</location>
|
||
, K.I.
|
||
<date id="722456CAFFE8FFA0FCF8F83CFC39C7C5" box="[840,994,1977,2004]" pageId="2" pageNumber="353" value="1952-05-20">
|
||
<collectingDate id="6260AF22FFE8FFA0FCF8F83CFC39C7C5" box="[840,994,1977,2004]" pageId="2" pageNumber="353" value="1952-05-20">20 May 1952</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="AB6F15DCFFE8FFA0FC5EF83CFBAFC7C5" box="[1006,1140,1978,2004]" pageId="2" pageNumber="353">F. M. Angel</collectorName>
|
||
/
|
||
<collectionCode id="608BE8CFFFE8FFA0FB3CF83CFB00C7C5" box="[1164,1243,1978,2004]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34982" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34982" name="South Australia Museum" pageId="2" pageNumber="353" type="Museum">SAMA</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
database no. 31- 019191 / Dissection ID 31-019191-EPB; second male with
|
||
<collectionCode id="608BE8CFFFE8FFA0FC82F858FC5AC7E9" box="[818,897,2014,2040]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34982" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34982" name="South Australia Museum" pageId="2" pageNumber="353" type="Museum">SAMA</collectionCode>
|
||
database no. 31-019190.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="4E802381FFE9FFA1FF77FF1EFE3AC0C6" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="0625700AFFE9FFA1FF77FF1EFE3AC0C6" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">
|
||
<emphasis id="34EEAC18FFE9FFA1FF77FF1EFE82C0A2" bold="true" box="[199,345,152,179]" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
. Known from Inman Valley, Fleurieu Peninsula; and from American River, Kangaroo Island,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="C45EBEE8FFE9FFA1FF27FF3BFE9EC0C6" box="[151,325,189,215]" country="Australia" name="South Australia" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">South Australia</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="9EA16C8FFFE9FFA1FEE3FF3BFE72C0C6" box="[339,425,189,215]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1375,1400]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,174,1356]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,174,1356]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 11. Distribution records of three new Oxycanus species: grey circle—Oxycanus petalous sp. nov.; filled circle—Oxycanus ephemerous sp. nov.; empty circle—Oxycanus flavoplumosus sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3667148" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3667148/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">Figs 11</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="9EA16C8FFFE9FFA1FE05FF3BFE0FC0C6" box="[437,468,189,215]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1824,1849]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1101,1805]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1436,841,1805]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 14. Inman Valley, Fleurieu Peninsula, South Australia. Highly degraded habitat of Oxycanus ephemerous sp. n., ©Ethan P. Beaver." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3667156" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3667156/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">14</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="4E802381FFE9FFA1FF77FF66FAECC306" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="0625700AFFE9FFA1FF77FF66FAECC306" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">
|
||
<emphasis id="34EEAC18FFE9FFA1FF77FF66FE99C0EA" bold="true" box="[199,322,224,251]" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
This species is similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C19A0B89FFE9FFA1FDEEFF67FCEFC0EA" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[606,820,225,251]" class="Insecta" family="Hepialidae" genus="Oxycanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subvaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="34EEAC18FFE9FFA1FDEEFF67FCEFC0EA" box="[606,820,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">Oxycanus subvaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="9EA16C8FFFE9FFA1FCF2FF67FC46C0EA" box="[834,925,225,251]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1883,1908]" captionTargetBox="[153,1432,557,1860]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,553,1863]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 1 (A–F). Adult male Oxycanus species: A, Oxycanus ephemerous sp. nov. holotype, ©SAMA; B, Oxycanus subvaria lectotype; C, Oxycanus flavoplumosus sp. nov. holotype, photo by T. Simonsen, ©Trustees of the NHM; D, E, O. flavoplumosus sp. nov. paratypes, ©SAMA; F, O. byrsa, courtesy of J. Schubert. Scales 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3667128" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3667128/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">Figs 1B</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="9EA16C8FFFE9FFA1FC18FF67FC6EC0EA" box="[936,949,225,251]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1923,1948]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,677,1894]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,677,1894]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3 (A–L) Antennae of male Oxycanus spp. A, B, O. byrsa; C, D, O. flavoplumosus sp. nov; E, F, O. determinata; G, H, O. petalous sp. nov.; I, J, O. subvaria; K, L, O. ephemerous sp. nov. Abbreviations: br—bar. ra—primary rami. ri—ridge. Scale bar in A–C is 500 µm; D is 200 µm; E, F is 500µm; G is 150µm H, I is 250 µm; J is 250 µm; K is 500 µm; L is 250 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3667132" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3667132/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">3</figureCitation>
|
||
I–J; 4D–F, 7B, 8A & D). However, it differs primarily in the shape and proportions of the male genitalia. In particular the vinculum is narrower and more square, and the saccus is much broader, rounded and shorter in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C19A0B89FFE9FFA1FCB0FEAFFC73C152" authority="Beaver & Moore & Velasco-Castrillón & Stevens, 2020" authorityName="Beaver & Moore & Velasco-Castrillón & Stevens" authorityYear="2020" box="[768,936,297,323]" class="Insecta" family="Hepialidae" genus="Oxycanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ephemerous" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="34EEAC18FFE9FFA1FCB0FEAFFC73C152" box="[768,936,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">O. ephemerous</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="34EEAC18FFE9FFA1FC1FFEAFFBD3C152" bold="true" box="[943,1032,297,323]" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2FDD1163FFE9FFA1FC1FFEAFFBD3C152" box="[943,1032,297,323]" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C19A0B89FFE9FFA1FBD2FEAFFB3EC152" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[1122,1253,297,323]" class="Insecta" family="Hepialidae" genus="Oxycanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subvaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="34EEAC18FFE9FFA1FBD2FEAFFB3EC152" box="[1122,1253,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">O. subvaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In addition, the pseudotegumen is differently shaped in the new species. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C19A0B89FFE9FFA1FCF3FECBFC36C176" authority="Beaver & Moore & Velasco-Castrillón & Stevens, 2020" authorityName="Beaver & Moore & Velasco-Castrillón & Stevens" authorityYear="2020" box="[835,1005,333,359]" class="Insecta" family="Hepialidae" genus="Oxycanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ephemerous" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="34EEAC18FFE9FFA1FCF3FECBFC8CC176" box="[835,855,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="34EEAC18FFE9FFA1FCD7FECBFC36C176" box="[871,1005,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">ephemerous</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="34EEAC18FFE9FFA1FC47FECBFB89C176" bold="true" box="[1015,1106,333,359]" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2FDD1163FFE9FFA1FC47FECBFB89C176" box="[1015,1106,333,359]" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
the ventral pseudoteguminal arms are distinctly shorter and the basal rim is less rounded and not as sclerotized as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C19A0B89FFE9FFA1FBC9FEF7FB25C19A" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[1145,1278,369,395]" class="Insecta" family="Hepialidae" genus="Oxycanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subvaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="34EEAC18FFE9FFA1FBC9FEF7FB25C19A" box="[1145,1278,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">O. subvaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Both species have sternite 8 fused with the saccus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9EA16C8FFFE9FFA1FD8EFE13FD11C1BE" box="[574,714,405,431]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1055,1080]" captionTargetBox="[156,1433,176,1021]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,174,1025]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8 (A–F) Oxycanus spp. male S8. A, O. subvaria dissection ID 31-019120-EPB; B, O. byrsa dissection ID 31-018407- EPB; C, O. petalous sp. nov. dissection ID EPB-ANIC-1; D, lateral view of S8 and saccus connection of O. subvaria dissection ID 31-019120-EPB; E, O. flavoplumosus sp. nov. dissection ID 31-018762-EPB; F, O. determinata dissection ID 31-018441- EPB, ©SAMA." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3667142" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3667142/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">Fig. 8A & D</figureCitation>
|
||
for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C19A0B89FFE9FFA1FD48FE13FCA7C1BE" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[760,892,405,431]" class="Insecta" family="Hepialidae" genus="Oxycanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subvaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="34EEAC18FFE9FFA1FD48FE13FCA7C1BE" box="[760,892,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">O. subvaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<figureCitation id="9EA16C8FFFE9FFA1FC33FE13FC0CC1BE" box="[899,983,405,431]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1044,1069]" captionTargetBox="[155,1430,177,1021]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,174,1025]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7 (A–F) Oxycanus spp. male genitalia, 3-quarter view. A, O. ephemerous sp. nov. dissection ID 31-019191-EPB; B, O. subvaria dissection ID 31-019120-EPB; C, O. determinata dissection ID 31-018441-EPB; D, O. flavoplumosus sp. nov. dissection ID 31-018762-EPB; E, O. byrsa dissection ID 31-018407-EPB; F, O. petalous sp. nov. dissection ID EPB-ANIC-1, ©SAMA." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3667140" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3667140/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
|
||
for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C19A0B89FFE9FFA1FBB5FE13FB76C1BE" authority="Beaver & Moore & Velasco-Castrillón & Stevens, 2020" authorityName="Beaver & Moore & Velasco-Castrillón & Stevens" authorityYear="2020" box="[1029,1197,405,431]" class="Insecta" family="Hepialidae" genus="Oxycanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ephemerous" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="34EEAC18FFE9FFA1FBB5FE13FB76C1BE" box="[1029,1197,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">O. ephemerous</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="34EEAC18FFE9FFA1FB04FE13FAD6C1BE" bold="true" box="[1204,1293,405,431]" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2FDD1163FFE9FFA1FB04FE13FAD6C1BE" box="[1204,1293,405,431]" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
). The antennal rami of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C19A0B89FFE9FFA1FEA6FE3FFE41C1C2" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[278,410,441,467]" class="Insecta" family="Hepialidae" genus="Oxycanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subvaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="34EEAC18FFE9FFA1FEA6FE3FFE41C1C2" box="[278,410,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">O. subvaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are equal to the width of the flagellomere in the middle of the antennae, while the rami of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C19A0B89FFE9FFA1FA31FE3FFEC6C1E6" authority="Beaver & Moore & Velasco-Castrillón & Stevens, 2020" authorityName="Beaver & Moore & Velasco-Castrillón & Stevens" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Hepialidae" genus="Oxycanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ephemerous" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="34EEAC18FFE9FFA1FA31FE3FFEC6C1E6" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">O. ephemerous</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="34EEAC18FFE9FFA1FE94FE5BFEA5C1E6" bold="true" box="[292,382,477,503]" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2FDD1163FFE9FFA1FE94FE5BFEA5C1E6" box="[292,382,477,503]" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
are longer than the width of the flagellomere (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9EA16C8FFFE9FFA1FC38FE5BFBCCC1E6" box="[904,1047,477,503]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1923,1948]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,677,1894]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,677,1894]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3 (A–L) Antennae of male Oxycanus spp. A, B, O. byrsa; C, D, O. flavoplumosus sp. nov; E, F, O. determinata; G, H, O. petalous sp. nov.; I, J, O. subvaria; K, L, O. ephemerous sp. nov. Abbreviations: br—bar. ra—primary rami. ri—ridge. Scale bar in A–C is 500 µm; D is 200 µm; E, F is 500µm; G is 150µm H, I is 250 µm; J is 250 µm; K is 500 µm; L is 250 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3667132" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3667132/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">Fig. 3K & L</figureCitation>
|
||
). The only other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C19A0B89FFE9FFA1FB66FE5BFA9FC1E6" box="[1238,1348,477,503]" class="Insecta" family="Hepialidae" genus="Oxycanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="34EEAC18FFE9FFA1FB66FE5BFA9FC1E6" box="[1238,1348,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">Oxycanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species to occur nearby to the known localities of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C19A0B89FFE9FFA1FD31FD87FCF7C20A" authority="Beaver & Moore & Velasco-Castrillón & Stevens, 2020" authorityName="Beaver & Moore & Velasco-Castrillón & Stevens" authorityYear="2020" box="[641,812,513,539]" class="Insecta" family="Hepialidae" genus="Oxycanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ephemerous" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="34EEAC18FFE9FFA1FD31FD87FCF7C20A" box="[641,812,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">O. ephemerous</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="34EEAC18FFE9FFA1FC85FD87FC4AC20A" bold="true" box="[821,913,513,539]" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2FDD1163FFE9FFA1FC85FD87FC4AC20A" box="[821,913,513,539]" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C19A0B89FFE9FFA1FC06FD87FB1FC20D" authority="(Meyrick)" baseAuthorityName="Meyrick" box="[950,1220,513,540]" class="Insecta" family="Hepialidae" genus="Oxycanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niphadias">
|
||
<emphasis id="34EEAC18FFE9FFA1FC06FD87FB93C20A" box="[950,1096,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">O. niphadias</emphasis>
|
||
(Meyrick)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Southern Lofty Ranges. However, this species has longer antennal rami, at least 3x the width of the flagellomere, and distinctly different genitalia. The pseudotegumen in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C19A0B89FFE9FFA1FD26FDCFFCA0C272" box="[662,891,585,611]" class="Insecta" family="Hepialidae" genus="Oxycanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niphadias">
|
||
<emphasis id="34EEAC18FFE9FFA1FD26FDCFFCA0C272" box="[662,891,585,611]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">Oxycanus niphadias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a single central tooth, lacking invagination, and the S8 is pocket-like and depressed well into the vinculum. These structural differences are obvious enough to be observed in specimens without dissection or a microscope. The distributions of the widespread
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C19A0B89FFE9FFA1FB42FD17FEEBC2DE" authority="Tindale, 1935" authorityName="Tindale" authorityYear="1935" class="Insecta" family="Hepialidae" genus="Oxycanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="34EEAC18FFE9FFA1FB42FD17FA47C2BA" box="[1266,1436,657,683]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">O. occidentalis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="620B0DFBFFE9FFA1FF27FD33FEEBC2DE" author="Tindale, N. B." box="[151,304,692,719]" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" pagination="275 - 332" refId="ref15319" refString="Tindale, N. B. (1935) Revision of the Australian ghost moths (Lepidoptera Homoneura, Family Hepialidae) Part III. Records of the South Australian Museum, 5, 275 - 332." type="journal article" year="1935">Tindale, 1935</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C19A0B89FFE9FFA1FED4FD33FDD0C2DE" authority="Beaver & Moore & Velasco-Castrillón & Stevens, 2020" authorityName="Beaver & Moore & Velasco-Castrillón & Stevens" authorityYear="2020" box="[356,523,693,719]" class="Insecta" family="Hepialidae" genus="Oxycanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ephemerous" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="34EEAC18FFE9FFA1FED4FD33FDD0C2DE" box="[356,523,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">O. ephemerous</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="34EEAC18FFE9FFA1FDA1FD33FDB1C2DE" bold="true" box="[529,618,693,719]" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2FDD1163FFE9FFA1FDA1FD33FDB1C2DE" box="[529,618,693,719]" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
may overlap at the Kangaroo Island location, however, the larger (FW:
|
||
<quantity id="C162DDEFFFE9FFA1FA30FD33FF1FC2E2" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
|
||
)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C19A0B89FFE9FFA1FF62FD5FFEA1C2E2" authorityName="Tindale" authorityYear="1935" box="[210,378,729,755]" class="Insecta" family="Hepialidae" genus="Oxycanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="34EEAC18FFE9FFA1FF62FD5FFEA1C2E2" box="[210,378,729,755]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">O. occidentalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is closely allied to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C19A0B89FFE9FFA1FDFFFD5FFD04C2E2" box="[591,735,729,755]" class="Insecta" family="Hepialidae" genus="Oxycanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niphadias">
|
||
<emphasis id="34EEAC18FFE9FFA1FDFFFD5FFD04C2E2" box="[591,735,729,755]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">O. niphadias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see discussion) except for the presence of 2–5 enlarged spines on the pseudotegumen and extensive white patterns in the medial and sub-marginal areas of the forewing.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="4E802381FFE9FFA6FF77FCA6FE7CC2DE" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="355" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="0625700AFFE9FFA1FF77FCA6FB00C402" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">
|
||
<emphasis id="34EEAC18FFE9FFA1FF77FCA6FE8AC32A" bold="true" box="[199,337,800,827]" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">Description</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="34EEAC18FFE9FFA1FEEFFCA7FE47C32A" bold="true" box="[351,412,801,827]" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">Male</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9EA16C8FFFE9FFA1FE01FCA7FDDCC32A" box="[433,519,801,827]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1883,1908]" captionTargetBox="[153,1432,557,1860]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,553,1863]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 1 (A–F). Adult male Oxycanus species: A, Oxycanus ephemerous sp. nov. holotype, ©SAMA; B, Oxycanus subvaria lectotype; C, Oxycanus flavoplumosus sp. nov. holotype, photo by T. Simonsen, ©Trustees of the NHM; D, E, O. flavoplumosus sp. nov. paratypes, ©SAMA; F, O. byrsa, courtesy of J. Schubert. Scales 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3667128" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3667128/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="34EEAC18FFE9FFA1FDA7FCA7FD8FC32A" box="[535,596,801,827]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">Head</emphasis>
|
||
: labial palpus three segmented, short, less than half length of head, directed forwards, second palpomere longer than first, third palpomere shortest, sub-orbicular, covered in dark grey scales. Antennae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9EA16C8FFFE9FFA1FEA1FCEFFE8DC392" box="[273,342,873,899]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1923,1948]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,677,1894]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,677,1894]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3 (A–L) Antennae of male Oxycanus spp. A, B, O. byrsa; C, D, O. flavoplumosus sp. nov; E, F, O. determinata; G, H, O. petalous sp. nov.; I, J, O. subvaria; K, L, O. ephemerous sp. nov. Abbreviations: br—bar. ra—primary rami. ri—ridge. Scale bar in A–C is 500 µm; D is 200 µm; E, F is 500µm; G is 150µm H, I is 250 µm; J is 250 µm; K is 500 µm; L is 250 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3667132" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3667132/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">Figs 3</figureCitation>
|
||
K–L)
|
||
<quantity id="C162DDEFFFE9FFA1FE2CFCEFFE04C392" box="[412,479,873,899]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
|
||
, 43 flagellomeres, pale yellow, quadripectinate, each flagellomere with pair of broad, flattened rami oppositely-situated. Length of central primary rami almost twice width of flagellomere while proximal and distal primary rami are shorter and flattened. Primary rami ciliated, hairs longer distally. Ventral surface with short ridge adjoining thickened proximal bar, also heavily ciliated. Scape cylindrical, pedicel ovoid, flattened. Eyes larger than head capsule, widely separate. Scales on frons and vertex dense and dark brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0625700AFFE9FFA1FF77FB9BFB4DC666" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">
|
||
<emphasis id="34EEAC18FFE9FFA1FF77FB9BFEC3C426" box="[199,280,1053,1079]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
: pro- and mesothorax dorsally and ventrally covered in dark brown scales and interspersed with cinnamon brown scales on dorsal surface, with greater suffusion of cinnamon brown on ventral surface. Wings: FW length
|
||
<quantity id="C162DDEFFFE9FFA1FF56FBE3FEB8C46E" box="[230,355,1125,1151]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" unit="mm" value="23.0" valueMax="24.0" valueMin="22.0">22–24 mm</quantity>
|
||
, expanse
|
||
<quantity id="C162DDEFFFE9FFA1FE64FBE2FD8AC46E" box="[468,593,1124,1151]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.65" metricValueMax="4.8" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" unit="mm" value="46.5" valueMax="48.0" valueMin="45.0">45–48 mm</quantity>
|
||
, broad, triangular.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="C45EBEE8FFE9FFA1FC9AFBE3FCB1C46E" box="[810,874,1125,1151]" country="New Zealand" name="West Coast" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">Costa</collectingRegion>
|
||
slightly concave centrally, convex towards apex. Wing venation oxycanine (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9EA16C8FFFE9FFA1FE73FB0FFDF0C4B2" box="[451,555,1161,1187]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1561,1586]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,206,1489]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,196,1501]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 10 (A–C) Oxycanus spp. male wing venation, forewing and hindwing. A, Oxycanus ephemerous sp. nov.; B, Oxycanus flavoplumosus sp. nov.; C, Oxycanus petalous sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3667146" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3667146/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">Fig. 10A</figureCitation>
|
||
), vein 2A absent. HW
|
||
<quantity id="C162DDEFFFE9FFA1FC96FB0FFC7BC4B2" box="[806,928,1161,1187]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" unit="mm" value="17.5" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="17.0">17–18 mm</quantity>
|
||
, triangular at apex, narrower, tornus rounded, vein CuP partly membranous. Dorsal FW ground colour mix of grey and buff scales, dark brown at costa, basal area; fringe grey; dark brown scales on all veins. Three yellow-cream spots present basally, within discal cells, in triangular configuration, indistinct in worn or faded specimens. Some specimens with four irregular cream marginal and sub-marginal bands from Rs2 to CuA
|
||
<subScript id="9A1E724FFFE9FFA1FDDAFAACFDA9C529" attach="left" box="[618,626,1322,1336]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">2</subScript>
|
||
, with brown scales between and adjacent to these bands. Ventral surface as for dorsal, veins highlighted with short, grey scales, cells between veins sparsely covered with long grey hair-like scales, pale cream markings absent. Darker scales at apex and margin. Lighter brown piliform scales present along costa and basal area, scales cinnamon brown basally. HW dorsal surface brown, darker brown at apex, sparsely scaled and semi-translucent within discal area.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="C45EBEE8FFE9FFA1FD1EFA2FFD35C5D2" box="[686,750,1449,1475]" country="New Zealand" name="West Coast" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">Costa</collectingRegion>
|
||
and veins with pale cinnamon brown scales, scales on veins less elongate. Wing margin light cinnamon brown, fringe dark brown. Basal area and fringe along dorsum with long light cinnamon piliform scales, tending towards orange or blush red in fresh specimens. HW ventral surface as dorsal, except with dark brown margin, dark brown scales over wing veins. Fringe buff-grey, sparsely covered in longer hair-like scales. Legs dark brown dorsally and ventrally, grey on tarsus ventral surface, femur and tibia with brown piliform scales ventrally, broadly triangular, short epiphysis on fore-tibia, aerolium present.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0625700AFFE9FFA1FF77F907FE28C716" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">
|
||
<emphasis id="34EEAC18FFE9FFA1FF77F907FEEAC68A" box="[199,305,1665,1691]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
: narrow, tapering, tergites at proximal end with blush-red piliform scales when fresh, gradually merging with shorter brown and cinnamon brown scales towards distal end. Rounded tuft of blush-red piliform scales on final tergite. Ventral surface dark brown. Sternum 8 broad and rectangular, posteriorly becoming membranous, junction with saccus indistinct.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0625700AFFE9FFA6FF77F897FD96C152" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,2015]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,153,1223]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="355" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">
|
||
<emphasis id="34EEAC18FFE9FFA1FF77F897FEEAC73A" box="[199,305,1809,1835]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">Genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="9EA16C8FFFE9FFA1FEF0F897FE5CC73A" box="[320,391,1809,1835]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1045,1070]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,174,1026]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,174,1026]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4 (A–F) Oxycanus spp. male genitalia.A–C O. ephemerous sp. nov. dissection ID 31-019191-EPB; D–F O. subvaria dissection ID 31-019120-EPB. Abbreviations: brp—basal rim of pseudotegumen. dpa—disto-posterior arm of vinculum. dsadisto-posterior arm of saccus. ip—intermediate plate. jx—juxta. pst—pseudotegumen. sc—saccus. scc—sacculus. s8—sternite 8. tp—twin process of pseudotegumen. tr—trulleum. v—apodemal vinculum. va—valva. vpa—ventral pseudoteguminal arms, ©SAMA." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3667134" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3667134/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">Figs 4</figureCitation>
|
||
A–C, 7A, diss. no. 31-019191,
|
||
<typeStatus id="D921CEA8FFE9FFA1FD55F897FC9EC73A" box="[741,837,1809,1835]" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
male). Disto-posterior arm of saccus broad, and concave, trapezoidal, at right angles to sternite 8. Disto-posterior arm of vinculum narrow. Intermediate plate narrow, rectangular, free. Pseudotegumen: basal rim narrow, globular; dorso-posterior and disto-posterior margins narrow in postero-ventral view highly sclerotized. Dorso-distal twin processes short, apex rounded. Ventro and disto-posterior margin of pseudotegumen in lateral or 3-quarter views are a large, curved axe-head shape, with a deep invagination present just before ventral pseudoteguminal arms, both of which are short and fused with proximal points very short and free. Juxta broad, subrectangular, bilobate at anterior margin. Trulleum trapezoidal, semi-transparent. Valvae: elongate and lobate, flattened laterally, rounded apically, wider distally, sacculus short and oval, internal surface densely covered with long curved setae. Apex of valvae in line with dorso-posterior margin of pseudotegumen. Apodemal vinculum broad and short, posterior margin rounded. Fusion of sternum 8 and saccus forming a continuous structure. Para-anal sclerite absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0625700AFFEEFFA6FF77FECBFE79C176" blockId="4.[151,1437,153,1223]" box="[199,418,333,359]" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">
|
||
<emphasis id="34EEAC18FFEEFFA6FF77FECBFEC5C176" bold="true" box="[199,286,333,359]" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">Female</emphasis>
|
||
. Unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0625700AFFEEFFA6FF77FEF6FE7CC2DE" blockId="4.[151,1437,153,1223]" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">
|
||
<emphasis id="34EEAC18FFEEFFA6FF77FEF6FEF1C19A" bold="true" box="[199,298,368,395]" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C19A0B89FFEEFFA6FE81FEF7FDF6C19A" authority="Beaver & Moore & Velasco-Castrillón & Stevens, 2020" authorityName="Beaver & Moore & Velasco-Castrillón & Stevens" authorityYear="2020" box="[305,557,369,395]" class="Insecta" family="Hepialidae" genus="Oxycanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="355" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ephemerous" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="34EEAC18FFEEFFA6FE81FEF7FDF6C19A" box="[305,557,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">Oxycanus ephemerous</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="34EEAC18FFEEFFA6FD84FEF7FD55C19A" bold="true" box="[564,654,369,395]" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2FDD1163FFEEFFA6FD84FEF7FD55C19A" box="[564,654,369,395]" pageId="4" pageNumber="355" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is known only from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="C45EBEE8FFEEFFA6FCC9FEF7FBF1C19A" box="[889,1066,369,395]" country="Australia" name="South Australia" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">South Australia</collectingRegion>
|
||
, from the Fleurieu Peninsula and Kangaroo Island bioregion (Inman Valley and American River respectively). The Inman Valley site is mainly farmland with some low
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C19A0B89FFEEFFA6FECEFE3FFE21C1C2" box="[382,506,441,467]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Eucalyptus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="4" pageNumber="355" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="34EEAC18FFEEFFA6FECEFE3FFE21C1C2" box="[382,506,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">Eucalyptus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
woodland and a shrub/heath and sedge understory, near a seasonal creek (S. Eden pers. obs.). Both these locations fall within an area of annual rainfall of
|
||
<quantity id="C162DDEFFFEEFFA6FC1FFE5BFB9EC1E6" box="[943,1093,477,503]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="355" unit="mm" value="500.0" valueMax="600.0" valueMin="400.0">400–600 mm</quantity>
|
||
, among the wettest parts of the state. Similar conditions and habitats exist on the central-western part of Kangaroo Island and on the Eyre Peninsula and Yorke Peninsula, however, the species is not recorded from those locations.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C19A0B89FFEEFFA6FB88FDA3FAEDC22E" authority="Beaver & Moore & Velasco-Castrillón & Stevens, 2020" authorityName="Beaver & Moore & Velasco-Castrillón & Stevens" authorityYear="2020" box="[1080,1334,549,575]" class="Insecta" family="Hepialidae" genus="Oxycanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="355" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ephemerous" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="34EEAC18FFEEFFA6FB88FDA3FAEDC22E" box="[1080,1334,549,575]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">Oxycanus ephemerous</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="34EEAC18FFEEFFA6FAF0FDA3FA47C22E" bold="true" box="[1344,1436,549,575]" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2FDD1163FFEEFFA6FAF0FDA3FA47C22E" box="[1344,1436,549,575]" pageId="4" pageNumber="355" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
occurs in a distinctly drier habitat compared to that of the similar
|
||
<emphasis id="34EEAC18FFEEFFA6FCCBFDCFFBDDC272" box="[891,1030,585,611]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C19A0B89FFEEFFA6FCCBFDCFFBD8C272" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[891,1027,585,611]" class="Insecta" family="Hepialidae" genus="Oxycanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="355" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subvaria">O. subvaria</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
a species which occurs primarily in tall
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C19A0B89FFEEFFA6FF73FDEBFEE4C296" box="[195,319,621,647]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Eucalyptus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="4" pageNumber="355" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="34EEAC18FFEEFFA6FF73FDEBFEE4C296" box="[195,319,621,647]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">Eucalyptus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
wet forest, rainforest, montane wet forest, and sub-alpine woodland (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="620B0DFBFFEEFFA6FBFFFDEBFA85C296" author="Edwards, E. D. & Green, K." box="[1103,1374,621,647]" pageId="4" pageNumber="355" pagination="78 - 85" refId="ref14111" refString="Edwards, E. D. & Green, K. (2011) Two new species of Oxycanus Walker (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae) from Kosciuszko National Park, one with a sub-brachypterous female. Australian Journal of Entomology, 50, 78 - 85. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1440 - 6055.2010.00790. x" type="journal article" year="2011">Edwards & Green 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="620B0DFBFFEEFFA6FADAFDEBFEE4C2BA" author="Kallies A. & Marriott P. & Hewish M." pageId="4" pageNumber="355" refId="ref14536" refString="Kallies A., Marriott P. & Hewish M. (2015) Moths of Victoria. Vol. 36. Part 6. Ghost moths, Hepialidae and Allies. Entomological Society of Victoria, Melbourne, 36 pp. + 1 CD." type="book" year="2015">
|
||
Kallies
|
||
<emphasis id="34EEAC18FFEEFFA6FF75FD14FF2CC2BA" box="[197,247,657,683]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) in eastern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="C45EBEE8FFEEFFA6FE70FD17FDC6C2BA" box="[448,541,657,683]" country="Australia" name="Victoria" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">Victoria</collectingRegion>
|
||
, central-coastal and south-eastern NSW and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="C45EBEE8FFEEFFA6FBA3FD17FBA5C2BA" box="[1043,1150,657,683]" country="Australia" name="Tasmania" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">Tasmania</collectingRegion>
|
||
in areas of rainfall above
|
||
<quantity id="C162DDEFFFEEFFA6FF27FD33FEE1C2DE" box="[151,314,693,719]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="355" unit="mm" value="900.0" valueMax="1000.0" valueMin="800.0">800–1000 mm</quantity>
|
||
annually.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="4E802381FFEEFFA6FF77FD5FFBDBC4D6" pageId="4" pageNumber="355" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="0625700AFFEEFFA6FF77FD5FFBDBC4D6" blockId="4.[151,1437,153,1223]" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">
|
||
<emphasis id="34EEAC18FFEEFFA6FF77FD5FFEE0C2E2" bold="true" box="[199,315,729,755]" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The two species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C19A0B89FFEEFFA6FE4FFD5FFD20C2E2" authority="Beaver & Moore & Velasco-Castrillón & Stevens, 2020" authorityName="Beaver & Moore & Velasco-Castrillón & Stevens" authorityYear="2020" box="[511,763,729,755]" class="Insecta" family="Hepialidae" genus="Oxycanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="355" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ephemerous" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="34EEAC18FFEEFFA6FE4FFD5FFD20C2E2" box="[511,763,729,755]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">Oxycanus ephemerous</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="34EEAC18FFEEFFA6FCB3FD5FFC86C2E2" bold="true" box="[771,861,729,755]" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2FDD1163FFEEFFA6FCB3FD5FFC86C2E2" box="[771,861,729,755]" pageId="4" pageNumber="355" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C19A0B89FFEEFFA6FC24FD5FFBC2C2E2" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[916,1049,729,755]" class="Insecta" family="Hepialidae" genus="Oxycanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="355" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subvaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="34EEAC18FFEEFFA6FC24FD5FFBC2C2E2" box="[916,1049,729,755]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">O. subvaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have allopatric distributions separated by approximatelty
|
||
<quantity id="C162DDEFFFEEFFA6FE1AFD7BFE24C306" box="[426,511,765,791]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.3" pageId="4" pageNumber="355" unit="km" value="630.0">630 km</quantity>
|
||
between Inman Valley and Melbourne.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C19A0B89FFEEFFA6FC0FFD7BFB79C306" box="[959,1186,765,791]" class="Insecta" family="Hepialidae" genus="Oxycanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="355" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niphadias">
|
||
<emphasis id="34EEAC18FFEEFFA6FC0FFD7BFB79C306" box="[959,1186,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">Oxycanus niphadias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the only other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C19A0B89FFEEFFA6FAD6FD7BFF03C32A" class="Insecta" family="Hepialidae" genus="Oxycanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="355" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="34EEAC18FFEEFFA6FAD6FD7BFF03C32A" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">Oxycanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species currently identified as a South Australian endemic. Three specimens from the Grampians, VIC, in the Melbourne Museum listed as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C19A0B89FFEEFFA6FE5BFCC3FCB0C34E" authority="(Kallies et al. 2015)" baseAuthorityName="Kallies" baseAuthorityYear="2015" box="[491,875,836,863]" class="Insecta" family="Hepialidae" genus="Oxycanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="355" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niphadias">
|
||
<emphasis id="34EEAC18FFEEFFA6FE5BFCC3FDA6C34E" box="[491,637,837,863]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">O. niphadias</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="620B0DFBFFEEFFA6FD3DFCC3FCB8C34E" author="Kallies A. & Marriott P. & Hewish M." box="[653,867,836,863]" pageId="4" pageNumber="355" refId="ref14536" refString="Kallies A., Marriott P. & Hewish M. (2015) Moths of Victoria. Vol. 36. Part 6. Ghost moths, Hepialidae and Allies. Entomological Society of Victoria, Melbourne, 36 pp. + 1 CD." type="book" year="2015">
|
||
Kallies
|
||
<emphasis id="34EEAC18FFEEFFA6FD57FCC0FCC1C34E" box="[743,794,837,863]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were examined by the authors from photographs (provided by J. Schubert) along with a specimen from Halls Gap, VIC in SAMA and all are considered to be
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C19A0B89FFEEFFA6FAE7FCEFFEB9C3B6" authority="Tindale" authorityName="Tindale" authorityYear="1935" class="Insecta" family="Hepialidae" genus="Oxycanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="355" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="34EEAC18FFEEFFA6FAE7FCEFFEDFC3B6" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">O. occidentalis</emphasis>
|
||
Tindale
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the first records for this species from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="C45EBEE8FFEEFFA6FCA4FC0BFCA9C3B6" box="[788,882,909,935]" country="Australia" name="Victoria" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">Victoria</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C19A0B89FFEEFFA6FCCCFC0BFBA2C3B6" authorityName="Tindale" authorityYear="1935" box="[892,1145,909,935]" class="Insecta" family="Hepialidae" genus="Oxycanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="355" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="34EEAC18FFEEFFA6FCCCFC0BFBA2C3B6" box="[892,1145,909,935]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">Oxycanus occidentalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also occurs in south-west WA (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="620B0DFBFFEEFFA6FF7FFC37FEBEC3DA" author="Tindale, N. B." box="[207,357,944,971]" pageId="4" pageNumber="355" pagination="275 - 332" refId="ref15319" refString="Tindale, N. B. (1935) Revision of the Australian ghost moths (Lepidoptera Homoneura, Family Hepialidae) Part III. Records of the South Australian Museum, 5, 275 - 332." type="journal article" year="1935">Tindale 1935</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="C45EBEE8FFEEFFA6FE0EFC37FDB7C3DA" box="[446,620,945,971]" country="Australia" name="South Australia" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">South Australia</collectingRegion>
|
||
on the Eyre Peninsula, Riverland and Kangaroo Island (M. Hura, A. Kallies pers. comm. and MDM pers. obs.). All three
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C19A0B89FFEEFFA6FD77FC53FCAAC3FE" authority="Beaver & Moore & Velasco-Castrillón & Stevens, 2020" authorityName="Beaver & Moore & Velasco-Castrillón & Stevens" authorityYear="2020" box="[711,881,981,1007]" class="Insecta" family="Hepialidae" genus="Oxycanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="355" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ephemerous" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="34EEAC18FFEEFFA6FD77FC53FCAAC3FE" box="[711,881,981,1007]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">O. ephemerous</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="34EEAC18FFEEFFA6FCC9FC53FC0FC3FE" bold="true" box="[889,980,981,1007]" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2FDD1163FFEEFFA6FCC9FC53FC0FC3FE" box="[889,980,981,1007]" pageId="4" pageNumber="355" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
specimens were collected on the 20
|
||
<superScript id="F1EFDD42FFEEFFA6FAC0FC52FAA6C3F3" attach="left" box="[1392,1405,980,994]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">th</superScript>
|
||
of May in both
|
||
<date id="722456CAFFEEFFA6FE96FC7EFE14C402" box="[294,463,1016,1043]" pageId="4" pageNumber="355" value="1952" valueMax="2018">1952 and 2018</date>
|
||
, following rainfall the day before (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="620B0DFBFFEEFFA6FCE2FC7FFAC2C402" author="Australian Bureau of Meteorology" box="[850,1305,1017,1043]" pageId="4" pageNumber="355" refId="ref13851" refString="Australian Bureau of Meteorology (2019) Climate Data Online, Commonwealth of Australia Bureau of Meteorology, ABN 92637533532. Available from: http: // www. bom. gov. au / climate / data / index. shtml (accessed 10 April 2019)" type="journal volume" year="2019">Australian Bureau of Meteorology 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The larval biology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C19A0B89FFEEFFA6FEA6FB9BFE1AC426" authority="Beaver & Moore & Velasco-Castrillón & Stevens, 2020" authorityName="Beaver & Moore & Velasco-Castrillón & Stevens" authorityYear="2020" box="[278,449,1053,1079]" class="Insecta" family="Hepialidae" genus="Oxycanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="355" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ephemerous" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="34EEAC18FFEEFFA6FEA6FB9BFE1AC426" box="[278,449,1053,1079]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">O. ephemerous</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2FDD1163FFEEFFA6FE7AFB9BFDFCC426" box="[458,551,1053,1079]" pageId="4" pageNumber="355" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="34EEAC18FFEEFFA6FE7AFB9BFDFBC426" bold="true" box="[458,544,1053,1079]" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">sp. nov</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is unknown. A concerted effort was made by the authors to locate additional specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C19A0B89FFEEFFA6FE9FFBC7FE0DC44A" authority="Beaver & Moore & Velasco-Castrillón & Stevens, 2020" authorityName="Beaver & Moore & Velasco-Castrillón & Stevens" authorityYear="2020" box="[303,470,1089,1115]" class="Insecta" family="Hepialidae" genus="Oxycanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="355" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ephemerous" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="34EEAC18FFEEFFA6FE9FFBC7FE0DC44A" box="[303,470,1089,1115]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">O. ephemerous</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2FDD1163FFEEFFA6FE6CFBC7FDEDC44A" box="[476,566,1089,1115]" pageId="4" pageNumber="355" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="34EEAC18FFEEFFA6FE6CFBC7FDEBC44A" bold="true" box="[476,560,1089,1115]" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">sp. nov</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C19A0B89FFEEFFA6FDDBFBC7FD21C44A" box="[619,762,1089,1115]" class="Insecta" family="Hepialidae" genus="Oxycanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="355" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niphadias">
|
||
<emphasis id="34EEAC18FFEEFFA6FDDBFBC7FD21C44A" box="[619,762,1089,1115]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">O. niphadias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in April and May of
|
||
<date id="722456CAFFEEFFA6FC51FBC7FB5EC44A" box="[993,1157,1089,1115]" pageId="4" pageNumber="355" value="2018" valueMax="2019">2018 and 2019</date>
|
||
without success. The apparently restricted distribution and localised nature of the records raises concerns in a conservation setting, as both species, but particularly
|
||
<emphasis id="34EEAC18FFEEFFA6FE1FFB0FFD93C4B2" box="[431,584,1161,1187]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C19A0B89FFEEFFA6FE1FFB0FFD9FC4B2" box="[431,580,1161,1187]" class="Insecta" family="Hepialidae" genus="Oxycanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="355" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niphadias">O. niphadias</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
may be threatened with extinction due to urbanisation and loss of habitat. Further work is required to determine the conservation status of these species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |