401 lines
41 KiB
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401 lines
41 KiB
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1123-99" ID-Pensoft-UUID="07859930DED85AA1A2C62AF44518525F" ID-ZooBank="DF436107268C40119D5702B8C83C35ED" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1123-99" checkinTime="1664944203970" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Xie, Xiaojun, Lu, Bo, Pang, Jie & Zhang, Dongsheng" docDate="2022" docId="6318B1AF001E5BE3A22D1E19EC49DFBE" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1123: 99-122" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1123" docPubDate="2022-10-04" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397" docTitle="Astrodia abyssicola" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="07859930DED85AA1A2C62AF44518525F" lastPageNumber="99" masterDocId="07859930DED85AA1A2C62AF44518525F" masterDocTitle="Description of two species of the genus Astrodia Verrill, 1899 (Ophiuroidea, Euryalida, Asteronychidae), including a new species from seamounts in the West Pacific" masterLastPageNumber="122" masterPageNumber="99" pageNumber="99" updateTime="1664944203970" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Description of two species of the genus Astrodia Verrill, 1899 (Ophiuroidea, Euryalida, Asteronychidae), including a new species from seamounts in the West Pacific</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Xie, Xiaojun</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lu, Bo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Pang, Jie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Zhang, Dongsheng</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China & Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, Guangdong, China & School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">dszhang@sio.org.cn</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-10-04</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>1123</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>99</mods:start>
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<mods:end>122</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1123-99</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">DF436107268C40119D5702B8C83C35ED</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">07859930DED85AA1A2C62AF44518525F</mods:identifier>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6318B1AF001E5BE3A22D1E19EC49DFBE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6318B1AF001E5BE3A22D1E19EC49DFBE" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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<taxonomicName LSID="6318B1AF-001E-5BE3-A22D-1E19EC49DFBE" authority="(Lyman, 1879)" baseAuthorityName="Lyman" baseAuthorityYear="1879" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Asteronychidae" genus="Astrodia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astrodia abyssicola" order="Euryalida" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="abyssicola">Astrodia abyssicola (Lyman, 1879)</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. In situ and on-board photos of Astrodia abyssicola A photo in situ (RSIO 68002, attached to an unidentified sea pen species) B, C photos on board (RSIO 68002), aboral side (B), oral side (C). Scale bars: 10 mm (B, C)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/752857" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Figs 8</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Morphological characters of Astrodia abyssicola (RSIO 68002) A aboral view of the disc B center of the aboral disc C oral view of the disc D genital silts E aboral view of the arms F arms spines. Abbreviations: RS radial shield; M madreporite; T teeth; ADS adoral shield; OT oral tentacle; GS genital slit; G gonad; LAP lateral arm plate; AS arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, C, E); 1 mm (B, D, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/752858" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">, 9</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Vertebrae in basal arm of Astrodia abyssicola (RSIO 68002) A proximal view B distal view C oral view D aboral view E, F lateral view. Abbreviations: PB podial basin; LF lateral furrow. Scale bars: 150 μm (A-F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/752859" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">, 10</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Vertebrae in distal arm of Astrodia abyssicola holotype: RSIO 68002) A proximal view B distal view C oral view D aboral view E, F lateral view. Abbreviations: PB podial basin; LF lateral furrow. Scale bars: 150 μm (C, D, E); 90 μm (A, B, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/752860" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">, 11</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Lateral arm plates and arm spines of Astrodia abyssicola (RSIO 68002) A, B lateral arm plates from the proximal arm, outer view (A), and inner view (B) C, D lateral arm plates from the distal arm, outer view (C), and inner view (D) E, F arm spines from proximal (E) and distal (F). Abbreviations: MO muscle opening; NO nerve opening; R ridge. Scale bars: 90 μm (A, B, F); 60 μm (C, D, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/752861" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">, 12</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lyman" authorityYear="1879" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Asteronychidae" genus="Ophiocreas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophiocreas abyssicola" order="Euryalida" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="abyssicola">Ophiocreas abyssicola</taxonomicName>
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Lyman, 1879: 64-65, plate 17, figs 470-473.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lyman" baseAuthorityYear="1879" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Asteronychidae" genus="Astrodia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astrodia abyssicola" order="Euryalida" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="abyssicola">Astrodia abyssicola</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315413001331" author="Okanishi, M" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="187 - 201" refId="B14" refString="Okanishi, M, Fujita, T, 2014. A taxonomic review of the genus Astrodia (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Asteronychidae). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 94 (1): 187 - 201, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315413001331" title="A taxonomic review of the genus Astrodia (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Asteronychidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315413001331" volume="94" year="2014">Okanishi and Fujita 2014</bibRefCitation>
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: 188-192, figs 2-4.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2021-08-11" country="China" county="Mugiboshi Seamount" elevation="3225" location="Philippine Sea" municipality="Kyushu-Palau Ridge" specimenCount="1">
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<collectingCountry name="China">China</collectingCountry>
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•
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<specimenCount type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
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;
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6318B1AF001E5BE3A22D1E19EC49DFBE:1531DEF61E2AD501DCA40A3EB81BADF2" country="China" county="Mugiboshi Seamount" municipality="Kyushu-Palau Ridge" name="Philippine Sea">Philippine Sea</location>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality>Kyushu-Palau Ridge</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingCounty>Mugiboshi Seamount</collectingCounty>
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; 16.57.14'N, 134.52.7'E; depth
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<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.225" unit="m" value="3225.0">
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<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.225" unit="m" value="3225.0">3225 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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;
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<collectingDate value="2021-08-11">11 August 2021</collectingDate>
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; collected by an HOV JIAOLONG; preserved in alcohol; RSIO68002
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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Disc pentagonal and almost flat, 10 mm in diameter, 3.2 mm in height, skin wrinkled under dry conditions (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Morphological characters of Astrodia abyssicola (RSIO 68002) A aboral view of the disc B center of the aboral disc C oral view of the disc D genital silts E aboral view of the arms F arms spines. Abbreviations: RS radial shield; M madreporite; T teeth; ADS adoral shield; OT oral tentacle; GS genital slit; G gonad; LAP lateral arm plate; AS arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, C, E); 1 mm (B, D, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/752858" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">9A, B</figureCitation>
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). Aboral surface of disc lacks external ossicles (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Morphological characters of Astrodia abyssicola (RSIO 68002) A aboral view of the disc B center of the aboral disc C oral view of the disc D genital silts E aboral view of the arms F arms spines. Abbreviations: RS radial shield; M madreporite; T teeth; ADS adoral shield; OT oral tentacle; GS genital slit; G gonad; LAP lateral arm plate; AS arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, C, E); 1 mm (B, D, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/752858" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">9A, B</figureCitation>
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). Radial shields narrow, slightly tumid, bar-like, without granules or spines, and almost reaching center of disc. (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Morphological characters of Astrodia abyssicola (RSIO 68002) A aboral view of the disc B center of the aboral disc C oral view of the disc D genital silts E aboral view of the arms F arms spines. Abbreviations: RS radial shield; M madreporite; T teeth; ADS adoral shield; OT oral tentacle; GS genital slit; G gonad; LAP lateral arm plate; AS arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, C, E); 1 mm (B, D, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/752858" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">9A</figureCitation>
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). Approximately 3.8 mm long and 0.6 mm wide in center and 0.8 mm wide on periphery (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Morphological characters of Astrodia abyssicola (RSIO 68002) A aboral view of the disc B center of the aboral disc C oral view of the disc D genital silts E aboral view of the arms F arms spines. Abbreviations: RS radial shield; M madreporite; T teeth; ADS adoral shield; OT oral tentacle; GS genital slit; G gonad; LAP lateral arm plate; AS arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, C, E); 1 mm (B, D, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/752858" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">9A</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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Oral surface flat, covered by thin skin, and lacking external ossicles (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Morphological characters of Astrodia abyssicola (RSIO 68002) A aboral view of the disc B center of the aboral disc C oral view of the disc D genital silts E aboral view of the arms F arms spines. Abbreviations: RS radial shield; M madreporite; T teeth; ADS adoral shield; OT oral tentacle; GS genital slit; G gonad; LAP lateral arm plate; AS arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, C, E); 1 mm (B, D, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/752858" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">9C</figureCitation>
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). Oral shield triangular, one madreporite (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Morphological characters of Astrodia abyssicola (RSIO 68002) A aboral view of the disc B center of the aboral disc C oral view of the disc D genital silts E aboral view of the arms F arms spines. Abbreviations: RS radial shield; M madreporite; T teeth; ADS adoral shield; OT oral tentacle; GS genital slit; G gonad; LAP lateral arm plate; AS arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, C, E); 1 mm (B, D, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/752858" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">9D</figureCitation>
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). Adoral shield big and thick, quadrangular, and longer than wide (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Morphological characters of Astrodia abyssicola (RSIO 68002) A aboral view of the disc B center of the aboral disc C oral view of the disc D genital silts E aboral view of the arms F arms spines. Abbreviations: RS radial shield; M madreporite; T teeth; ADS adoral shield; OT oral tentacle; GS genital slit; G gonad; LAP lateral arm plate; AS arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, C, E); 1 mm (B, D, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/752858" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">9D</figureCitation>
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). Teeth spearhead-shaped, vertically on dental plate; each jaw bears a pair of short, conical oral tentacles (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Morphological characters of Astrodia abyssicola (RSIO 68002) A aboral view of the disc B center of the aboral disc C oral view of the disc D genital silts E aboral view of the arms F arms spines. Abbreviations: RS radial shield; M madreporite; T teeth; ADS adoral shield; OT oral tentacle; GS genital slit; G gonad; LAP lateral arm plate; AS arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, C, E); 1 mm (B, D, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/752858" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">9C</figureCitation>
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). Oral papillae indistinct or underdeveloped (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Morphological characters of Astrodia abyssicola (RSIO 68002) A aboral view of the disc B center of the aboral disc C oral view of the disc D genital silts E aboral view of the arms F arms spines. Abbreviations: RS radial shield; M madreporite; T teeth; ADS adoral shield; OT oral tentacle; GS genital slit; G gonad; LAP lateral arm plate; AS arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, C, E); 1 mm (B, D, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/752858" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">9C</figureCitation>
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). Two genital slits very short, 560
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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long and 110
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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wide, present on oral side of each interradius. Gonads visible in each interradius (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Morphological characters of Astrodia abyssicola (RSIO 68002) A aboral view of the disc B center of the aboral disc C oral view of the disc D genital silts E aboral view of the arms F arms spines. Abbreviations: RS radial shield; M madreporite; T teeth; ADS adoral shield; OT oral tentacle; GS genital slit; G gonad; LAP lateral arm plate; AS arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, C, E); 1 mm (B, D, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/752858" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">9D</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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Five arms, long and slender, about nine to ten times as long as disc diameter, no abrupt change in width basally (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Morphological characters of Astrodia abyssicola (RSIO 68002) A aboral view of the disc B center of the aboral disc C oral view of the disc D genital silts E aboral view of the arms F arms spines. Abbreviations: RS radial shield; M madreporite; T teeth; ADS adoral shield; OT oral tentacle; GS genital slit; G gonad; LAP lateral arm plate; AS arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, C, E); 1 mm (B, D, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/752858" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">9E</figureCitation>
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). Proximal portion of arm 1.8 mm wide and 420
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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high, with arched aboral surface and flattened oral surface. Arms tapering gradually toward tip. Arm spines only present in ventral part of arm. First to third tentacle pores without arm spines, fourth tentacle pores with one arm spine and following tentacle pores with two arm spines. Inner arm spines longer than outer arm spines. On middle and distal part of arm, outer arm spines three-fourths as long as inner spines (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Morphological characters of Astrodia abyssicola (RSIO 68002) A aboral view of the disc B center of the aboral disc C oral view of the disc D genital silts E aboral view of the arms F arms spines. Abbreviations: RS radial shield; M madreporite; T teeth; ADS adoral shield; OT oral tentacle; GS genital slit; G gonad; LAP lateral arm plate; AS arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, C, E); 1 mm (B, D, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/752858" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">9F</figureCitation>
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). Three arm spines occurred once in two of the five arms. Lateral arm plates not projecting on arms.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Color</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Bright pink in situ, entirely white in alcohol (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. In situ and on-board photos of Astrodia abyssicola A photo in situ (RSIO 68002, attached to an unidentified sea pen species) B, C photos on board (RSIO 68002), aboral side (B), oral side (C). Scale bars: 10 mm (B, C)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/752857" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">8B, C</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/752857" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" start="Figure 8" startId="F8">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Figure 8.</emphasis>
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In situ and on-board photos of
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lyman" baseAuthorityYear="1879" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Asteronychidae" genus="Astrodia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astrodia abyssicola" order="Euryalida" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="abyssicola">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Astrodia abyssicola</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">A</emphasis>
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photo in situ (RSIO68002, attached to an unidentified sea pen species)
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">B, C</emphasis>
|
|
photos on board (RSIO68002), aboral side (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">B</emphasis>
|
|
), oral side (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">C</emphasis>
|
|
). Scale bars: 10 mm (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">B, C</emphasis>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/752858" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" start="Figure 9" startId="F9">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Figure 9.</emphasis>
|
|
Morphological characters of
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lyman" baseAuthorityYear="1879" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Asteronychidae" genus="Astrodia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astrodia abyssicola" order="Euryalida" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="abyssicola">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Astrodia abyssicola</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(RSIO68002)
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">A</emphasis>
|
|
aboral view of the disc
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">B</emphasis>
|
|
center of the aboral disc
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">C</emphasis>
|
|
oral view of the disc
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">D</emphasis>
|
|
genital silts
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">E</emphasis>
|
|
aboral view of the arms
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">F</emphasis>
|
|
arms spines. Abbreviations:
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">RS</emphasis>
|
|
radial shield;
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">M</emphasis>
|
|
madreporite;
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">T</emphasis>
|
|
teeth;
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">ADS</emphasis>
|
|
adoral shield;
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">OT</emphasis>
|
|
oral tentacle;
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">GS</emphasis>
|
|
genital slit;
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">G</emphasis>
|
|
gonad;
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">LAP</emphasis>
|
|
lateral arm plate;
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">AS</emphasis>
|
|
arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">A, C, E</emphasis>
|
|
); 1 mm (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">B, D, F</emphasis>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="Ossicle" lsidName="Ossicle morphology" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="morphology">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Ossicle morphology</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
Vertebrae articulation streptospondylous, wider than long in proximal segments (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Vertebrae in basal arm of Astrodia abyssicola (RSIO 68002) A proximal view B distal view C oral view D aboral view E, F lateral view. Abbreviations: PB podial basin; LF lateral furrow. Scale bars: 150 μm (A-F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/752859" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">10A, B</figureCitation>
|
|
), longer than wide in distal segments (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Vertebrae in distal arm of Astrodia abyssicola holotype: RSIO 68002) A proximal view B distal view C oral view D aboral view E, F lateral view. Abbreviations: PB podial basin; LF lateral furrow. Scale bars: 150 μm (C, D, E); 90 μm (A, B, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/752860" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">11A, B</figureCitation>
|
|
). Oral side of each vertebra with longitudinal groove along midline, deeply depressed, and no oral bridge (Figs
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Vertebrae in basal arm of Astrodia abyssicola (RSIO 68002) A proximal view B distal view C oral view D aboral view E, F lateral view. Abbreviations: PB podial basin; LF lateral furrow. Scale bars: 150 μm (A-F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/752859" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">10C</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Vertebrae in distal arm of Astrodia abyssicola holotype: RSIO 68002) A proximal view B distal view C oral view D aboral view E, F lateral view. Abbreviations: PB podial basin; LF lateral furrow. Scale bars: 150 μm (C, D, E); 90 μm (A, B, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/752860" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">11C</figureCitation>
|
|
). Pair of podial basins on oral side moderate in size (Figs
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Vertebrae in basal arm of Astrodia abyssicola (RSIO 68002) A proximal view B distal view C oral view D aboral view E, F lateral view. Abbreviations: PB podial basin; LF lateral furrow. Scale bars: 150 μm (A-F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/752859" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">10C</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Vertebrae in distal arm of Astrodia abyssicola holotype: RSIO 68002) A proximal view B distal view C oral view D aboral view E, F lateral view. Abbreviations: PB podial basin; LF lateral furrow. Scale bars: 150 μm (C, D, E); 90 μm (A, B, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/752860" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">11C</figureCitation>
|
|
). Aboral side of each arm vertebra with longitudinal aboral groove,moderately depressed (Figs
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Vertebrae in basal arm of Astrodia abyssicola (RSIO 68002) A proximal view B distal view C oral view D aboral view E, F lateral view. Abbreviations: PB podial basin; LF lateral furrow. Scale bars: 150 μm (A-F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/752859" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">10D</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Vertebrae in distal arm of Astrodia abyssicola holotype: RSIO 68002) A proximal view B distal view C oral view D aboral view E, F lateral view. Abbreviations: PB podial basin; LF lateral furrow. Scale bars: 150 μm (C, D, E); 90 μm (A, B, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/752860" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">11D</figureCitation>
|
|
). Lateral furrow of vertebrae declining obliquely from aboral to oral side (Figs
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Vertebrae in basal arm of Astrodia abyssicola (RSIO 68002) A proximal view B distal view C oral view D aboral view E, F lateral view. Abbreviations: PB podial basin; LF lateral furrow. Scale bars: 150 μm (A-F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/752859" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">10E, F</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Vertebrae in distal arm of Astrodia abyssicola holotype: RSIO 68002) A proximal view B distal view C oral view D aboral view E, F lateral view. Abbreviations: PB podial basin; LF lateral furrow. Scale bars: 150 μm (C, D, E); 90 μm (A, B, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/752860" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">11E, F</figureCitation>
|
|
). Lateral arm plates crescent-shaped, each associated with one or two arm spines. Spine articulations with separated nerve and muscle openings, bulging outwards (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Lateral arm plates and arm spines of Astrodia abyssicola (RSIO 68002) A, B lateral arm plates from the proximal arm, outer view (A), and inner view (B) C, D lateral arm plates from the distal arm, outer view (C), and inner view (D) E, F arm spines from proximal (E) and distal (F). Abbreviations: MO muscle opening; NO nerve opening; R ridge. Scale bars: 90 μm (A, B, F); 60 μm (C, D, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/752861" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">12A, C</figureCitation>
|
|
). A ridge on inner side of lateral arm plate (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Lateral arm plates and arm spines of Astrodia abyssicola (RSIO 68002) A, B lateral arm plates from the proximal arm, outer view (A), and inner view (B) C, D lateral arm plates from the distal arm, outer view (C), and inner view (D) E, F arm spines from proximal (E) and distal (F). Abbreviations: MO muscle opening; NO nerve opening; R ridge. Scale bars: 90 μm (A, B, F); 60 μm (C, D, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/752861" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">12D</figureCitation>
|
|
). Arm spines cylindrical, never hooked, bearing fine thorns at apex throughout arms (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Lateral arm plates and arm spines of Astrodia abyssicola (RSIO 68002) A, B lateral arm plates from the proximal arm, outer view (A), and inner view (B) C, D lateral arm plates from the distal arm, outer view (C), and inner view (D) E, F arm spines from proximal (E) and distal (F). Abbreviations: MO muscle opening; NO nerve opening; R ridge. Scale bars: 90 μm (A, B, F); 60 μm (C, D, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/752861" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">12E, F</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/752859" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" start="Figure 10" startId="F10">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Figure 10.</emphasis>
|
|
Vertebrae in basal arm of
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lyman" baseAuthorityYear="1879" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Asteronychidae" genus="Astrodia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astrodia abyssicola" order="Euryalida" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="abyssicola">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Astrodia abyssicola</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(RSIO68002)
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">A</emphasis>
|
|
proximal view
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">B</emphasis>
|
|
distal view
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">C</emphasis>
|
|
oral view
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">D</emphasis>
|
|
aboral view
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">E, F</emphasis>
|
|
lateral view. Abbreviations:
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">PB</emphasis>
|
|
podial basin;
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">LF</emphasis>
|
|
lateral furrow. Scale bars: 150
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
|
(
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">A-F</emphasis>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/752860" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" start="Figure 11" startId="F11">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Figure 11.</emphasis>
|
|
Vertebrae in distal arm of
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lyman" baseAuthorityYear="1879" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Asteronychidae" genus="Astrodia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astrodia abyssicola" order="Euryalida" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="abyssicola">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Astrodia abyssicola</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
holotype: RSIO68002)
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">A</emphasis>
|
|
proximal view
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">B</emphasis>
|
|
distal view
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">C</emphasis>
|
|
oral view
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">D</emphasis>
|
|
aboral view
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">E, F</emphasis>
|
|
lateral view. Abbreviations:
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">PB</emphasis>
|
|
podial basin;
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">LF</emphasis>
|
|
lateral furrow. Scale bars: 150
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
|
(
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">C, D, E</emphasis>
|
|
); 90
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
|
(
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">A, B, F</emphasis>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/752861" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" start="Figure 12" startId="F12">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Figure 12.</emphasis>
|
|
Lateral arm plates and arm spines of
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lyman" baseAuthorityYear="1879" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Asteronychidae" genus="Astrodia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astrodia abyssicola" order="Euryalida" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="abyssicola">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Astrodia abyssicola</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(RSIO68002)
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">A, B</emphasis>
|
|
lateral arm plates from the proximal arm, outer view (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">A</emphasis>
|
|
), and inner view (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">B</emphasis>
|
|
)
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">C, D</emphasis>
|
|
lateral arm plates from the distal arm, outer view (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">C</emphasis>
|
|
), and inner view (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">D</emphasis>
|
|
)
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">E, F</emphasis>
|
|
arm spines from proximal (E) and distal (F). Abbreviations:
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">MO</emphasis>
|
|
muscle opening;
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">NO</emphasis>
|
|
nerve opening;
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">R</emphasis>
|
|
ridge. Scale bars: 90
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
|
(
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">A, B, F</emphasis>
|
|
); 60
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
|
(
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">C, D, E</emphasis>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="remarks">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lyman" authorityYear="1879" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Asteronychidae" genus="Ophiocreas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophiocreas abyssicola" order="Euryalida" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="abyssicola">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Ophiocreas abyssicola</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
was first described by
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Lyman, T" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, Cambridge, Mass" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="17 - 83" publicationUrl="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/31068674page/27/mode/1up" refId="B9" refString="Lyman, T, 1879. Ophiuridae and Astrophytidae of the "Challenger" expedition. Part II. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, Cambridge, Mass 6: 17 - 83, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/31068674page/27/mode/1up" title="Ophiuridae and Astrophytidae of the " Challenger " expedition. Part II." url="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/31068674page/27/mode/1up" volume="6" year="1879">Lyman (1879)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
.
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315413001331" author="Okanishi, M" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="187 - 201" refId="B14" refString="Okanishi, M, Fujita, T, 2014. A taxonomic review of the genus Astrodia (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Asteronychidae). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 94 (1): 187 - 201, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315413001331" title="A taxonomic review of the genus Astrodia (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Asteronychidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315413001331" volume="94" year="2014">Okanishi and Fujita (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
transferred O.
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lyman" authorityYear="1879" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Asteronychidae" genus="Ophiocreas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophiocreas abyssicola" order="Euryalida" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="abyssicola">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Ophiocreas abyssicola</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
to the genus
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1899" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Asteronychidae" genus="Astrodia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astrodia" order="Euryalida" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Astrodia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and redescribed it. This specimen (RSIO68002) was identical to
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lyman" baseAuthorityYear="1879" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Asteronychidae" genus="Astrodia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astrodia abyssicola" order="Euryalida" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="abyssicola">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Astrodia abyssicola</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
by having 0~2 arm spines, rather short genital slits and crescent-shaped lateral arm plates. However, this specimen lacks external ossicles on the disc and arms, which is different from previous descriptions of
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lyman" baseAuthorityYear="1879" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Asteronychidae" genus="Astrodia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astrodia abyssicola" order="Euryalida" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="abyssicola">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Astrodia abyssicola</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
by
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315413001331" author="Okanishi, M" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="187 - 201" refId="B14" refString="Okanishi, M, Fujita, T, 2014. A taxonomic review of the genus Astrodia (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Asteronychidae). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 94 (1): 187 - 201, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315413001331" title="A taxonomic review of the genus Astrodia (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Asteronychidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315413001331" volume="94" year="2014">Okanishi and Fujita (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
as having plate-shaped external ossicles on the periphery. Nevertheless, the genetic distance of COI and 16S (2.9% and 1.9%) between the new collected specimen and
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. abyssicola" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="abyssicola">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">A. abyssicola</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
are too small to justify two different species. Therefore, this specimen was identified as
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. abyssicola" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="abyssicola">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">A. abyssicola</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, thus the external ossicles on the aboral surface of the disc could be plate-shaped or absent in this species.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |